EP0674135A1 - Gas burners for industrial furnaces - Google Patents

Gas burners for industrial furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0674135A1
EP0674135A1 EP95400603A EP95400603A EP0674135A1 EP 0674135 A1 EP0674135 A1 EP 0674135A1 EP 95400603 A EP95400603 A EP 95400603A EP 95400603 A EP95400603 A EP 95400603A EP 0674135 A1 EP0674135 A1 EP 0674135A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
orifices
burner
series
air
gas
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EP95400603A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0674135B2 (en
EP0674135B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Usai
Serge Silvestrini
Jean-Claude Dieuloufet
Philippe Domini
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Sollac SA
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Sollac SA
Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas burner, of the type used in industrial ovens, for example in furnaces for heating steel products, such as slab ovens, or heat treatment ovens, etc.
  • These burners are high power burners, of the order of 1000 to 6000 therms or more, supplied in particular with steel gas (mixed gas, coke oven gas, etc.) under low pressure ( ⁇ 1 bar).
  • burners of this type are already known, which generally comprise several concentric channels for supplying combustible gases and air, opening at the level of the burner nose, downstream of which combustion occurs.
  • burners are known comprising a central fuel gas supply channel, surrounded by two concentric annular air supply channels.
  • Other burners are also known, studied to improve the mixture of combustible and oxidizing gases, and therefore combustion, in which the combustible gas arrives at the nose of the burner by an annular channel situated between a central channel and a peripheral annular channel, these two channels for supplying combustion air.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to reduce the level of nitrogen oxide in the combustion gases, while ensuring good combustion and a good flame structure, and this despite the variations in power which may be necessary during the implementation of burners.
  • the combination of the divergent flow of combustion gases and the swirling flow of combustion air leads, when these two flows meet near the burner nose, to a strong mixing of the gas and the air, and therefore at a homogenization of the mixture and improved combustion.
  • the gas jets coming from the gas outlet orifices and directed towards the outside tend to widen the flame by giving it a flared, cup-shaped shape of small thickness, the high temperature zone of the flame being formed only by the wall of this cup.
  • the residence time of the combustion products in this high temperature zone is reduced, compared to a more concentrated flame which defines a high temperature zone in the form of a substantially cylindrical full volume, in which the combustion products combustion stay longer.
  • the burner nose comprises, at the center of the first series of gas passage orifices, a part protruding outwards from the burner, relative to the substantially planar front surface, perpendicular to the axis of the burner, where said first and second series of orifices open.
  • This protruding part prevents the recirculation of the combustion products which would disturb the gas outlet, in the immediate vicinity of the gas orifices.
  • it promotes this recirculation at a greater distance from the burner nose, which tends to rapidly remove the combustion products from the zone at high temperature, and therefore to further reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides formed.
  • the burner 1 comprises a box 2 for supplying combustible gas and air, formed by a central channel 3 for supplying the gas, oriented in the axial direction X of the burner, surrounded by a first annular channel 4 for supplying air, and a second annular peripheral channel 5 also supplied with air.
  • These three coaxial channels are supplied with gas and air respectively by respective supply conduits 6, 7, 8.
  • the burner 1 also includes a nose 10, also called a diffuser, generally made of a ceramic material.
  • the nose 10 consists of a thick plate 11 which covers the axial ends of the different channels, ensuring sealing between them, and which is inserted in a housing provided in the internal lining of the oven 12, being held there by fixing means, not shown, on the wall 13 of the oven.
  • the upstream face of the burner nose has a flat front surface 17 into which open the gas passage orifices 14 and the orifices 15, and a peripheral annular part, 18 prominent relative to said front surface, to the surface of which open the holes 16.
  • the orifices 14 for the passage of gas are inclined relative to the axial direction X of the burner, forming with the latter an angle ⁇ of between 15 and 25 °.
  • the air passage orifices 15 are made so that the axis of each orifice is situated in a plane parallel to the axial direction of the burner and tangent to the circle C2, and inclined in this plane, by an angle ⁇ of 15 at 25 ° with respect to said axial direction (see Figure 2).
  • the orifices 15 are therefore oriented in a helix, so that the flow of air which escapes therefrom has a rotational movement around the axis X of the burner.
  • the orifices 16 are inclined at an angle ⁇ between 0 ° and 10 ° relative to the axis and preferably about 5 °. An angle that is too steep leads in fact to a shortening of the flame such that, in certain cases, elements or organs of the furnace close to the burner can undergo an excessive rise in temperature.
  • the nose of the burner comprises, in its central part, between the orifices 14, a frustoconical part 19 protruding from the front surface 17, the truncated cone having its large base at the level of this front surface. Between the frustoconical part 19 and the protruding part 18 is thus formed an annular groove 20 of trapezoidal section, in which open the gas passage orifices 14 and the orifices 15 of the first series of air passage orifices.
  • the orifices 14 for the passage of gas open out to the front surface 17 in an angular position intermediate between the outlets of two orifices 15 for the passage of adjacent air (FIG. 3).
  • the swirling air flow coming from the orifices 15 intersects the gas flow coming from the orifices 14 in direct proximity to the front surface 17, thus creating a strong mixing of the gas and the air, and therefore a homogeneous mixture ensuring a very good combustion.
  • the inclination of the gas passage orifices 14 has the effect that the air-gas mixture tends to form a curtain in the form of a flared cup, in which the temperature due to combustion is maximum.
  • the central zone of this cut, in the axis of the burner is relatively clear and allows downstream of the burner a recirculation of the combustion products which can thus quickly leave the hottest zone, which, as indicated previously, is favorable for reducing the level of nitrogen oxide formed.
  • the orifices 16 for peripheral air passage comprise, on the side of the supply channel, a conical chamfer 21, with an apex angle close to 30 °, which widens the inlet of these orifices and has the effect of reducing losses of charges in the circuit formed by the peripheral channel 5 and the said orifices, and therefore increasing, at constant pressure, the speed of exit of the air.
  • the distribution of the air flow rates in the annular 4 and peripheral 5 channels makes it possible to adjust the length of the flame as required. Indeed, for a given total air flow, for example 3900 Nm3 / h, in the case of a burner providing 3500 thermies / hour, if this flow is distributed between the two channels 4 and 5 and therefore between the two series orifices 15 and 16, for example 1900 Nm3 / h for the peripheral air (passing through orifices 16) and 2000 Nm3 / h for the central air (passing through orifices 15) the speeds at the outlet of these orifices are substantially equal, of the order of 95 m / s. Under these conditions, combustion will start, as indicated above, in the immediate vicinity of the nose 10, and a short flame will be obtained.
  • the speed of the air ejected through these orifices will be high, for example 170 m / s.
  • This high speed allows ambient combustion products (colder) to be created, thereby creating natural recirculation on the periphery of the flame, which limits the production of NOx.
  • combustion will occur at a greater distance from the burner nose, since the gas will only meet the peripheral air relatively far from the burner, and on the other hand, it will continue far from the burner. , due to the high speed of the air, thus forming a long flame.
  • a flame of intermediate length can be obtained by correctly adapting the ratio of the air flow rates between central air and peripheral air.
  • the central air flow will however be limited to 50% at most of the total air flow to avoid a too short flame whose hot point is too close to the wall of the furnace or the support beams of the slabs.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain very good combustion and a low nitrogen oxide content of the combustion products.
  • the air flows are improved, in particular compared to conventional arrangements where the air arrives in the channels in a radial direction and strikes the walls located opposite the inlet pipe before being distributed in the channels.
  • the inlet side is determined so as to cause the air in the channel 4 to rotate in the same direction as the rotation induced by the inclination. orifices 15 of the burner nose.

Abstract

The gas burner has a central gas supply channel (3), two concentric annular air supply channels (4,5), and a burner nose (10). A first series of orifices (14) for gas passage are located in a ring in communication with the central channel. A second series of orifices (15) for passage of air are located in a ring around the gas orifices and are in communication with one (4) of the annular channels. A third series of orifices (18) for air passage are located in a ring and communicate with the second (5) of the annular channels. The first series of orifices are inclined relative to the axial direction (X) of the burner nose and diverge towards the outside of the burner. This creates a divergent gas flow. The second series of orifices are in a helix so as to create a turbulent air flow which intersects the gas flow.

Description

L'invention concerne un brûleur à gaz, du type utilisé dans des fours industriels, par exemple dans des fours de réchauffage de produits sidérurgiques, tels que des fours à brames, ou des fours de traitements thermiques, etc...The invention relates to a gas burner, of the type used in industrial ovens, for example in furnaces for heating steel products, such as slab ovens, or heat treatment ovens, etc.

Ces brûleurs sont des brûleurs de forte puissance, de l'ordre de 1000 à 6000 thermies ou plus, alimentés en particulier en gaz sidérurgique (gaz mixte, gaz de fours à coke...) sous faible pression (< 1 bar).These burners are high power burners, of the order of 1000 to 6000 therms or more, supplied in particular with steel gas (mixed gas, coke oven gas, etc.) under low pressure (<1 bar).

On connaît déjà différents brûleurs de ce type, qui comportent de manière générale plusieurs canaux concentriques d'alimentation en gaz combustibles et en air, débouchant au niveau du nez du brûleur, en aval duquel se produit la combustion. Par exemple, on connaît des brûleurs comportant un canal central d'alimentation en gaz combustible, entouré par deux canaux annulaires concentriques d'alimentation en air. On connaît également d'autres brûleurs, étudiés pour améliorer le mélange des gaz combustible et comburant, et donc la combustion, dans lesquels le gaz combustible arrive au nez du brûleur par un canal annulaire situé entre un canal central et un canal annulaire périphérique, ces deux canaux servant à l'alimentation en air comburant.Various burners of this type are already known, which generally comprise several concentric channels for supplying combustible gases and air, opening at the level of the burner nose, downstream of which combustion occurs. For example, burners are known comprising a central fuel gas supply channel, surrounded by two concentric annular air supply channels. Other burners are also known, studied to improve the mixture of combustible and oxidizing gases, and therefore combustion, in which the combustible gas arrives at the nose of the burner by an annular channel situated between a central channel and a peripheral annular channel, these two channels for supplying combustion air.

Mais les brûleurs industriels actuels produisent par combustion des gaz ayant des teneurs élevées en oxyde d'azote NOx, notamment supérieures à 300 ppm pour une teneur en oxygène de l'ordre de 2 % dans les fumées, ce qui est un inconvénient dans la plupart des fours, ainsi que pour l'environnement, ces oxydes d'azote étant rejetés dans l'atmosphère avec les fumées du four.However, current industrial burners produce by combustion gases having high nitrogen oxide NOx contents, in particular greater than 300 ppm for an oxygen content of the order of 2% in the fumes, which is a drawback in most ovens, as well as for the environment, these nitrogen oxides being released into the atmosphere with the fumes from the oven.

Pour réduire la teneur en oxyde d'azote des gaz de combustion, il est connu de procéder à des combustions étagées ou des combustions dégradées, mais ceci se fait au détriment du rendement de combustion, et donc du coût du réchauffage des produits.To reduce the nitrogen oxide content of the combustion gases, it is known to carry out staged combustions or degraded combustions, but this is done to the detriment of the combustion efficiency, and therefore the cost of reheating the products.

L'invention a donc pour but de réduire le taux d'oxyde d'azote dans les gaz de combustion, tout en assurant une bonne combustion et une bonne structure de flamme, et ceci malgré les variations de puissance qui peuvent être nécessaires lors de la mise en oeuvre des brûleurs.The object of the invention is therefore to reduce the level of nitrogen oxide in the combustion gases, while ensuring good combustion and a good flame structure, and this despite the variations in power which may be necessary during the implementation of burners.

Avec ces objectifs en vue, l'invention a pour objet un brûleur à gaz, en particulier gaz sidérurgique, à forte puissance comportant un canal central d'alimentation en gaz combustible et deux canaux annulaires concentriques d'alimentation en air, et un nez de brûleur comportant :

  • une première série d'orifices pour le passage du gaz, disposés en cercle et en communication avec le canal central,
  • une seconde série d'orifices pour le passage d'air, disposés en cercle autour des orifices de passage de gaz, et en communication avec un premier des deux canaux annulaires,
  • et une troisième série d'orifices pour le passage d'air, disposés en cercle et en communication avec un deuxième des deux canaux annulaires, situé à la périphérie, caractérisé en ce que les orifices de la première série sont inclinés par rapport à la direction axiale du nez du brûleur et divergent vers l'extérieur du brûleur, pour créer un flux de gaz divergent, et les orifices de la seconde série sont orientés en hélice pour créer un flux d'air tourbillonnant qui intersecte le flux de gaz.
With these objectives in view, the invention relates to a gas burner, in particular steel gas, with high power comprising a central fuel gas supply channel and two concentric annular air supply channels, and a nose of burner comprising:
  • a first series of orifices for the passage of gas, arranged in a circle and in communication with the central channel,
  • a second series of orifices for the passage of air, arranged in a circle around the orifices for the passage of gas, and in communication with a first of the two annular channels,
  • and a third series of orifices for the passage of air, arranged in a circle and in communication with a second of the two annular channels, situated at the periphery, characterized in that the orifices of the first series are inclined relative to the direction axial of the burner nose and diverge towards the outside of the burner, to create a divergent gas flow, and the orifices of the second series are oriented in a helix to create a swirling air flow which intersects the gas flow.

Grâce à l'invention, la combinaison du flux divergent de gaz de combustion et du flux tourbillonnaire d'air de combustion conduit, lors de la rencontre de ces deux flux à proximité du nez du brûleur, à un fort brassage du gaz et de l'air, et donc à une homogénéisation du mélange et à une amélioration de la combustion.Thanks to the invention, the combination of the divergent flow of combustion gases and the swirling flow of combustion air leads, when these two flows meet near the burner nose, to a strong mixing of the gas and the air, and therefore at a homogenization of the mixture and improved combustion.

Par ailleurs, les jets de gaz issus des orifices de sortie de gaz et dirigés vers l'extérieur, tendent à élargir la flamme en lui donnant une forme évasée, en forme de coupe de faible épaisseur, la zone à haute température de la flamme étant constituée seulement par la paroi de cette coupe. Il en résulte que le temps de séjour des produits de combustion dans cette zone à haute température est réduit, par rapport à une flamme plus concentrée qui définit une zone à haute température sous forme d'un volume plein sensiblement cylindrique, dans lequel les produits de combustion séjournent plus longtemps.Furthermore, the gas jets coming from the gas outlet orifices and directed towards the outside tend to widen the flame by giving it a flared, cup-shaped shape of small thickness, the high temperature zone of the flame being formed only by the wall of this cup. As a result, the residence time of the combustion products in this high temperature zone is reduced, compared to a more concentrated flame which defines a high temperature zone in the form of a substantially cylindrical full volume, in which the combustion products combustion stay longer.

Du fait de cette durée de séjour réduite à haute température, la formation d'oxyde d'azote, qui est favorisée par les hautes températures et le temps de séjour, est elle-même réduite.Because of this reduced residence time at high temperature, the formation of nitrogen oxide, which is favored by the high temperatures and the residence time, is itself reduced.

Selon une disposition préférentielle, le nez du brûleur comporte, au centre de la première série d'orifices de passage du gaz, une partie en protubérance, vers l'extérieur du brûleur, par rapport à la surface frontale sensiblement plane, perpendiculaire à l'axe du brûleur, où débouchent les dites première et deuxième séries d'orifices. Cette partie en protubérance évite que se produise, à proximité directe des orifices de gaz, une recirculation des produits de combustion qui perturberait la sortie du gaz. Par contre, elle favorise cette recirculation à une plus grande distance du nez du brûleur, ce qui tend à faire sortir rapidement les produits de combustion de la zone à haute température, et donc à réduire encore plus la quantité d'oxydes d'azote formés.According to a preferred arrangement, the burner nose comprises, at the center of the first series of gas passage orifices, a part protruding outwards from the burner, relative to the substantially planar front surface, perpendicular to the axis of the burner, where said first and second series of orifices open. This protruding part prevents the recirculation of the combustion products which would disturb the gas outlet, in the immediate vicinity of the gas orifices. On the other hand, it promotes this recirculation at a greater distance from the burner nose, which tends to rapidly remove the combustion products from the zone at high temperature, and therefore to further reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides formed. .

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront de la description qui va être faite d'un brûleur de forte puissance conforme à l'invention, pour un four de réchauffage de brames en acier.Other characteristics and advantages will emerge from the description which will be given of a strong burner. power according to the invention, for a furnace for reheating steel slabs.

On se reportera aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale du brûleur à gaz, implanté sur la paroi latérale du four de réchauffage,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe à échelle agrandie, du nez du brûleur,
  • la figure 3 est une demi vue frontale du nez du brûleur,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 1.
Reference is made to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a view in axial section of the gas burner, installed on the side wall of the reheating furnace,
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale, of the burner nose,
  • FIG. 3 is a half front view of the burner nose,
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view along line IV-IV of Figure 1.

Le brûleur 1 comporte un caisson 2 d'alimentation en gaz combustible et en air, formé d'un canal central 3 d'amenée du gaz, orienté selon la direction axiale X du brûleur, entouré d'un premier canal annulaire 4 d'amenée d'air, et d'un deuxième canal annulaire 5 périphérique également alimenté en air. Ces trois canaux coaxiaux sont alimentés respectivement en gaz et en air par des conduits d'alimentation respectifs 6, 7, 8.The burner 1 comprises a box 2 for supplying combustible gas and air, formed by a central channel 3 for supplying the gas, oriented in the axial direction X of the burner, surrounded by a first annular channel 4 for supplying air, and a second annular peripheral channel 5 also supplied with air. These three coaxial channels are supplied with gas and air respectively by respective supply conduits 6, 7, 8.

Le brûleur 1 comporte également un nez 10, encore appelé diffuseur, généralement réalisé en un matériau céramique. Le nez 10 est constitué d'une plaque 11 épaisse qui recouvre les extrémités axiales des différents canaux en assurant l'étanchéité entre ceux-ci, et qui est insérée dans un logement aménagé dans le revêtement interne du four 12, en y étant maintenue par des moyens de fixation, non représentés, sur la paroi 13 du four.The burner 1 also includes a nose 10, also called a diffuser, generally made of a ceramic material. The nose 10 consists of a thick plate 11 which covers the axial ends of the different channels, ensuring sealing between them, and which is inserted in a housing provided in the internal lining of the oven 12, being held there by fixing means, not shown, on the wall 13 of the oven.

La plaque 11 est traversée par une pluralité d'orifices de sortie du gaz et de l'air :

  • une première série d'orifices 14, répartis sur un cercle C1 débouchent du côté de la face arrière 9 de la plaque 11 dans le canal 3 d'alimentation en gaz,
  • une seconde série d'orifices 15, répartis sur un cercle C2, débouchent de même dans le canal annulaire 4, et
  • une troisième série d'orifices 16, répartis sur un cercle C3, débouchent dans le canal périphérique 5.
The plate 11 is crossed by a plurality of gas and air outlet orifices:
  • a first series of orifices 14, distributed over a circle C1 open on the side of the rear face 9 of the plate 11 in the gas supply channel 3,
  • a second series of orifices 15, distributed over a circle C2, also open out into the annular channel 4, and
  • a third series of orifices 16, distributed over a circle C3, open into the peripheral channel 5.

La face amont du nez du brûleur comporte une surface frontale 17 plane dans laquelle débouchent les orifices 14 de passage de gaz et les orifices 15, et une partie annulaire périphérique, 18 proéminente par rapport à la dite surface frontale, à la surface de laquelle débouchent les orifices 16.The upstream face of the burner nose has a flat front surface 17 into which open the gas passage orifices 14 and the orifices 15, and a peripheral annular part, 18 prominent relative to said front surface, to the surface of which open the holes 16.

Les orifices 14 de passage de gaz sont inclinés par rapport à la direction axiale X du brûleur, en formant avec celle-ci un angle α compris entre 15 et 25°.The orifices 14 for the passage of gas are inclined relative to the axial direction X of the burner, forming with the latter an angle α of between 15 and 25 °.

Les orifices 15 de passage d'air sont réalisés de manière que l'axe de chaque orifice soit situé dans un plan parallèle à la direction axiale du brûleur et tangent au cercle C2, et incliné dans ce plan, d'un angle β de 15 à 25° par rapport à la dite direction axiale (voir figure 2). Les orifices 15 sont donc orientés en hélice, de manière que le flux d'air qui s'en échappe ait un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe X du brûleur. Les orifices 16 sont inclinés d'un angle γ compris entre 0° et 10° par rapport à l'axe et de préférence d'environ 5°. Un angle trop accentué conduit en effet à un raccourcissement de la flamme tel que, dans certains cas, des éléments ou des organes du four proches du brûleur peuvent subir une élévation trop forte de température.The air passage orifices 15 are made so that the axis of each orifice is situated in a plane parallel to the axial direction of the burner and tangent to the circle C2, and inclined in this plane, by an angle β of 15 at 25 ° with respect to said axial direction (see Figure 2). The orifices 15 are therefore oriented in a helix, so that the flow of air which escapes therefrom has a rotational movement around the axis X of the burner. The orifices 16 are inclined at an angle γ between 0 ° and 10 ° relative to the axis and preferably about 5 °. An angle that is too steep leads in fact to a shortening of the flame such that, in certain cases, elements or organs of the furnace close to the burner can undergo an excessive rise in temperature.

Le nez du brûleur comporte, dans sa partie centrale, entre les orifices 14, une partie tronconique 19 en protubérance par rapport à la surface frontale 17, le tronc de cône ayant sa grande base au niveau de cette surface frontale. Entre la partie tronconique 19 et la partie proéminente 18 est ainsi formée une rainure annulaire 20 de section trapézoïdale, dans laquelle débouchent les orifices 14 de passage de gaz et les orifices 15 de la première série d'orifices de passage d'air.The nose of the burner comprises, in its central part, between the orifices 14, a frustoconical part 19 protruding from the front surface 17, the truncated cone having its large base at the level of this front surface. Between the frustoconical part 19 and the protruding part 18 is thus formed an annular groove 20 of trapezoidal section, in which open the gas passage orifices 14 and the orifices 15 of the first series of air passage orifices.

Préférentiellement, les orifices 14 de passage de gaz débouchent à la surface frontale 17 dans une position angulaire intermédiaire entre les débouchés de deux orifices 15 de passage d'air adjacent (figure 3). Ainsi, le flux d'air tourbillonnant issu des orifices 15 intersecte le flux de gaz issu des orifices 14 à proximité directe de la surface frontale 17, créant ainsi un fort brassage du gaz et de l'air, et donc un mélange homogène assurant une très bonne combustion.Preferably, the orifices 14 for the passage of gas open out to the front surface 17 in an angular position intermediate between the outlets of two orifices 15 for the passage of adjacent air (FIG. 3). Thus, the swirling air flow coming from the orifices 15 intersects the gas flow coming from the orifices 14 in direct proximity to the front surface 17, thus creating a strong mixing of the gas and the air, and therefore a homogeneous mixture ensuring a very good combustion.

De plus, l'inclinaison des orifices 14 de passage du gaz a pour effet que le mélange air-gaz tend à former un rideau en forme de coupe évasée, dans lequel la température due à la combustion est maximale. Par contre, la zone centrale de cette coupe, dans l'axe du brûleur, est relativement dégagée et permet en aval du brûleur une recirculation des produits de combustion qui peuvent ainsi quitter rapidement la zone la plus chaude, ce qui, comme indiqué précédemment, est favorable pour la diminution du taux d'oxyde d'azote formé.In addition, the inclination of the gas passage orifices 14 has the effect that the air-gas mixture tends to form a curtain in the form of a flared cup, in which the temperature due to combustion is maximum. On the other hand, the central zone of this cut, in the axis of the burner, is relatively clear and allows downstream of the burner a recirculation of the combustion products which can thus quickly leave the hottest zone, which, as indicated previously, is favorable for reducing the level of nitrogen oxide formed.

Les orifices 16 de passage d'air périphérique comportent, du côté du canal d'alimentation, un chanfrein conique 21, d'angle au sommet voisin de 30°, qui élargit l'entrée de ces orifices et a pour effet de réduire les pertes de charges dans le circuit formé par le canal périphérique 5 et les dits orifices, et donc d'augmenter, à pression constante, la vitesse de sortie de l'air.The orifices 16 for peripheral air passage comprise, on the side of the supply channel, a conical chamfer 21, with an apex angle close to 30 °, which widens the inlet of these orifices and has the effect of reducing losses of charges in the circuit formed by the peripheral channel 5 and the said orifices, and therefore increasing, at constant pressure, the speed of exit of the air.

Il est à noter que la répartition des débits d'air dans les canaux annulaire 4 et périphérique 5 permet d'ajuster la longueur de la flamme en fonction des besoins. En effet, pour un débit d'air total donné, par exemple 3900 Nm³/h, dans le cas d'un brûleur fournissant 3500 thermies/heure, si ce débit est réparti entre les deux canaux 4 et 5 et donc entre les deux séries d'orifices 15 et 16, par exemple 1900 Nm³/h pour l'air périphérique (passant par des orifices 16) et 2000 Nm³/h pour l'air central (passant par les orifices 15) les vitesses en sortie de ces orifices sont sensiblement égales, de l'ordre de 95 m/s. Dans ces conditions, la combustion s'amorcera, comme indiqué précédemment, à proximité directe du nez 10, et l'on obtiendra une flamme courte.It should be noted that the distribution of the air flow rates in the annular 4 and peripheral 5 channels makes it possible to adjust the length of the flame as required. Indeed, for a given total air flow, for example 3900 Nm³ / h, in the case of a burner providing 3500 thermies / hour, if this flow is distributed between the two channels 4 and 5 and therefore between the two series orifices 15 and 16, for example 1900 Nm³ / h for the peripheral air (passing through orifices 16) and 2000 Nm³ / h for the central air (passing through orifices 15) the speeds at the outlet of these orifices are substantially equal, of the order of 95 m / s. Under these conditions, combustion will start, as indicated above, in the immediate vicinity of the nose 10, and a short flame will be obtained.

Par contre, si tout ce débit est envoyé dans le canal périphérique et donc dans les orifices 16, la vitesse de l'air éjecté par ces orifices va être importante, par exemple de 170 m/s. Cette grande vitesse permet d'entraîner des produits de combustion ambiants (plus froids) et de créer ainsi une recirculation naturelle sur la périphérie de la flamme, ce qui permet de limiter la production de NOx. Dans ces conditions, d'une part la combustion se produira à plus grande distance du nez du brûleur, du fait que le gaz ne rencontrera l'air périphérique que relativement loin du brûleur, et d'autre part, elle se poursuivra loin du brûleur, du fait de la vitesse élevée de l'air, en formant ainsi une flamme longue.On the other hand, if all this flow is sent into the peripheral channel and therefore into the orifices 16, the speed of the air ejected through these orifices will be high, for example 170 m / s. This high speed allows ambient combustion products (colder) to be created, thereby creating natural recirculation on the periphery of the flame, which limits the production of NOx. Under these conditions, on the one hand, combustion will occur at a greater distance from the burner nose, since the gas will only meet the peripheral air relatively far from the burner, and on the other hand, it will continue far from the burner. , due to the high speed of the air, thus forming a long flame.

Bien évidemment, une flamme de longueur intermédiaire pourra être obtenue en adaptant correctement le rapport des débits d'air entre air central et air périphérique. Préférentiellement, le débit d'air central sera toutefois limité à 50 % au plus du débit d'air total pour éviter une flamme trop courte dont le point chaud se situerait trop près de la paroi du four ou des longerons de support des brames.Obviously, a flame of intermediate length can be obtained by correctly adapting the ratio of the air flow rates between central air and peripheral air. Preferably, the central air flow will however be limited to 50% at most of the total air flow to avoid a too short flame whose hot point is too close to the wall of the furnace or the support beams of the slabs.

Quelle que soit la longueur de flamme ou le régime thermique du brûleur, l'invention permet d'obtenir une très bonne combustion et une faible teneur en oxyde d'azote des produits de combustion.Whatever the flame length or the thermal regime of the burner, the invention makes it possible to obtain very good combustion and a low nitrogen oxide content of the combustion products.

Pour réduire au maximum les pertes de charges dans les circuits d'alimentation en air, il est prévu d'amener l'air dans les canaux 4 et 5 selon une direction tangentielle. A cette fin, les conduits d'alimentation 7 et 8 sont réalisés de manière à déboucher tangentiellement dans les dits canaux, ainsi que représenté sur la figure 4.To minimize pressure losses in the air supply circuits, provision is made to bring the air in channels 4 and 5 in a tangential direction. To this end, the supply conduits 7 and 8 are produced so as to open tangentially into said channels, as shown in FIG. 4.

De la sorte, les écoulements d'air sont améliorés, notamment par rapport aux dispositions classiques où l'air arrive dans les canaux selon une direction radiale et frappe les parois situées face à la conduite d'arrivée avant de se répartir dans les canaux. De plus, en ce qui concerne le conduit 7 d'alimentation en air central, le côté d'arrivée est déterminé de manière à provoquer une rotation de l'air dans le canal 4 dans le même sens que la rotation induite par l'inclinaison des orifices 15 du nez du brûleur.In this way, the air flows are improved, in particular compared to conventional arrangements where the air arrives in the channels in a radial direction and strikes the walls located opposite the inlet pipe before being distributed in the channels. In addition, with regard to the central air supply duct 7, the inlet side is determined so as to cause the air in the channel 4 to rotate in the same direction as the rotation induced by the inclination. orifices 15 of the burner nose.

Il va de soi que l'invention ne se limite pas aux exemples décrits, mais peut présenter de multiples variantes ou équivalents dans la mesure où sont respectées les caractéristiques énoncées dans les revendications jointes.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the examples described, but can have multiple variants or equivalents as long as the characteristics set out in the appended claims are respected.

Par exemple, si on le souhaite, il est possible de réduire plus encore le taux d'oxyde d'azote dans les fumées de combustion en prévoyant des moyens pour injecter dans l'air comburant des gaz de combustion, notamment par recirculation partielle des fumées produites par le brûleur lui-même après filtration pour diminuer les éventuels résidus solides en suspension.For example, if desired, it is possible to further reduce the level of nitrogen oxide in the combustion fumes by providing means for injecting combustion gases into the combustion air, in particular by partial recirculation of the fumes produced by the burner itself after filtration to reduce any solid residues in suspension.

Claims (12)

Brûleur à gaz à forte puissance, notamment pour fours industriels, comportant un canal central (3) d'alimentation en gaz combustible et deux canaux (4, 5) annulaires concentriques d'alimentation en air, et un nez (10) de brûleur comportant : - une première série d'orifices (14) pour le passage du gaz, disposés en cercle et en communication avec le canal central (3), - une seconde série d'orifices (15) pour le passage d'air, disposés en cercle autour des orifices de passage de gaz, et en communication avec un premier (4) des deux canaux annulaires, - et une troisième série d'orifices (16) pour le passage d'air, disposés en cercle et en communication avec un deuxième (5) des deux canaux annulaires, situé à la périphérie, caractérisé en ce que les orifices (14) de la première série sont inclinés par rapport à la direction axiale (X) du nez du brûleur et divergent vers l'extérieur du brûleur, pour créer un flux de gaz divergent, et les orifices (15) de la seconde série sont orientés en hélice pour créer un flux d'air tourbillonnant qui intersecte le flux de gaz. High power gas burner, in particular for industrial ovens, comprising a central channel (3) for supplying combustible gas and two concentric annular channels (4, 5) for supplying air, and a burner nose (10) comprising : a first series of orifices (14) for the passage of gas, arranged in a circle and in communication with the central channel (3), a second series of orifices (15) for the passage of air, arranged in a circle around the gas passage orifices, and in communication with a first (4) of the two annular channels, - And a third series of orifices (16) for the passage of air, arranged in a circle and in communication with a second (5) of the two annular channels, located at the periphery, characterized in that the orifices (14) of the first series are inclined relative to the axial direction (X) of the burner nose and diverge towards the outside of the burner, to create a divergent gas flow, and the orifices (15) of the second series are oriented in a helix to create a swirling air flow that intersects the gas flow. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'angle (α) d'inclinaison des orifices (14) de passage de gaz par rapport à l'axe du brûleur est compris entre 15 et 25°.Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (α) of inclination of the orifices (14) for the passage of gas relative to the axis of the burner is between 15 and 25 °. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'angle (β) d'inclinaison des orifices (15) de passage d'air de la deuxième série d'orifices par rapport à la direction axiale du brûleur est compris entre 15 et 25°.Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (β) of inclination of the air passage orifices (15) of the second series of orifices relative to the axial direction of the burner is between 15 and 25 °. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'angle (γ) d'inclinaison des orifices (16) de passage d'air de la troisième série d'orifices par rapport à la direction axiale du brûleur est compris entre 0 et 10°.Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (γ) of inclination of the air passage orifices (16) of the third series of orifices relative to the axial direction of the burner is between 0 and 10 °. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le nez (10) du brûleur comporte, au centre de la première série d'orifices (14) de passage du gaz, une partie (19) en protubérance, vers l'extérieur du brûleur, par rapport à une surface frontale (17) du nez, sensiblement plane, perpendiculaire à l'axe du brûleur, où débouchent les dites première et deuxième série d'orifices.Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the burner nose (10) has, at the center of the first series of orifices (14) for the passage of gas, a part (19) protruding outwards from the burner , relative to a front surface (17) of the nose, substantially planar, perpendicular to the axis of the burner, where said first and second series of orifices open. Brûleur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la dite partie (19) en protubérance est sensiblement en forme de tronc de cône, dont la grande base est située au niveau de la dite surface frontale (17).Burner according to Claim 5, characterized in that the said protruding part (19) is substantially in the form of a truncated cone, the large base of which is situated at the level of the said front surface (17). Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, considérée dans une surface frontale (17) du nez, sensiblement plane, perpendiculaire à l'axe du brûleur, où débouchent les dites première et deuxième séries d'orifices, la position angulaire de chaque orifice (14) de passage de gaz est intermédiaire entre les positions angulaires respectives des sorties de deux orifices adjacents de la seconde série d'orifices (15).Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, considered in a frontal surface (17) of the nose, substantially planar, perpendicular to the axis of the burner, where the said first and second series of orifices open, the angular position of each orifice (14) for gas passage is intermediate between the respective angular positions of the outlets of two adjacent orifices of the second series of orifices (15). Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les orifices (16) de la troisième série d'orifices comportent, à leurs extrémités dirigées vers le canal périphérique (5), un chanfrein conique (21).Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the orifices (16) of the third series of orifices have, at their ends directed towards the peripheral channel (5), a conical chamfer (21). Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des conduits (7, 8) d'alimentation en air qui débouchent tangentiellement dans les canaux annulaires (4, 5).Burner according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises air supply ducts (7, 8) which open tangentially into the annular channels (4, 5). Brûleur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le conduit (7) d'alimentation du premier canal (4) débouche dans le dit canal selon une direction telle que la rotation de l'air provoquée par son arrivée tangentielle dans le canal soit de même sens que la rotation induite par l'orientation en hélice des dits orifices (15) de la seconde série.Burner according to claim 9, characterized in that the supply duct (7) of the first channel (4) opens into the said channel in a direction such that the rotation of the air caused by its tangential arrival in the channel is of same direction as the rotation induced by the helical orientation of said orifices (15) of the second series. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des moyens sont prévus pour injecter dans l'air comburant des gaz de combustion.Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that means are provided for injecting combustion gases into the combustion air. Brûleur selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il est équipé de moyens de recirculation partielle des fumées de combustion dans l'air comburant.Burner according to claim 11, characterized in that it is equipped with means for partial recirculation of the combustion fumes in the combustion air.
EP95400603A 1994-03-24 1995-03-20 Gas burners for industrial furnaces Expired - Lifetime EP0674135B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9403633 1994-03-24
FR9403633A FR2717884B1 (en) 1994-03-24 1994-03-24 Gas burner for industrial ovens.

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EP0674135A1 true EP0674135A1 (en) 1995-09-27
EP0674135B1 EP0674135B1 (en) 1999-06-23
EP0674135B2 EP0674135B2 (en) 2002-08-21

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AT (1) ATE181593T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69510395T3 (en)
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EP0775868A1 (en) * 1995-11-23 1997-05-28 Sollac S.A. Gas burner for a furnacefor reheating steel industry products
EP0823593A3 (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-11-04 The BOC Group plc Low emission swirl burner
WO2003081129A1 (en) * 2002-03-16 2003-10-02 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Burner tip and seal for optimizing burner performance
WO2003081136A1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2003-10-02 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. Burner
FR2930626A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-10-30 Fives Pillard Sa BURNER WITH PERIPHERAL AIR FLOW INJECTION POINTS
CN102012024A (en) * 2010-11-12 2011-04-13 新兴能源装备有限公司 Gas burner for active lime rotary kiln producer
WO2013091634A1 (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-27 Flsmidth A/S A method and a burner for introducing fuel into a burning zone of a kiln
WO2013125972A1 (en) * 2012-02-21 2013-08-29 General Electric Company A combustor nozzle and method of supplying fuel to a combustor
CN105588118A (en) * 2016-03-09 2016-05-18 浙江尚鼎工业炉有限公司 Fuel gas heating furnace
CN106287705A (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-01-04 郭玉 A kind of gas gun
CN106765216A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-05-31 洛阳明远石化技术有限公司 Burner and tail gas burning facility
EP3336428A1 (en) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-20 Fives Pillard Low nox burner
JP2018522200A (en) * 2015-07-31 2018-08-09 ヌヴェラ・フュエル・セルズ，エルエルシー Burner assembly with reduced NOx emissions

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US6893252B2 (en) 2002-03-16 2005-05-17 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Fuel spud for high temperature burners
US6866502B2 (en) 2002-03-16 2005-03-15 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Burner system employing flue gas recirculation
US6890172B2 (en) 2002-03-16 2005-05-10 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Burner with flue gas recirculation
WO2003081132A2 (en) 2002-03-16 2003-10-02 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Improved burner with low nox emissions
US6986658B2 (en) 2002-03-16 2006-01-17 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. Burner employing steam injection
EP1488172B1 (en) 2002-03-16 2010-10-13 ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. Removable light-off port plug for use in burners
US6846175B2 (en) 2002-03-16 2005-01-25 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Burner employing flue-gas recirculation system
US6887068B2 (en) 2002-03-16 2005-05-03 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Centering plate for burner
US6869277B2 (en) 2002-03-16 2005-03-22 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Burner employing cooled flue gas recirculation
US7322818B2 (en) 2002-03-16 2008-01-29 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Method for adjusting pre-mix burners to reduce NOx emissions
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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0775868A1 (en) * 1995-11-23 1997-05-28 Sollac S.A. Gas burner for a furnacefor reheating steel industry products
FR2741702A1 (en) * 1995-11-23 1997-05-30 Lorraine Laminage GAS BURNER FOR HEATING OVENS OF STEEL PRODUCTS
EP0823593A3 (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-11-04 The BOC Group plc Low emission swirl burner
WO2003081129A1 (en) * 2002-03-16 2003-10-02 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Burner tip and seal for optimizing burner performance
WO2003081136A1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2003-10-02 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. Burner
US7004408B2 (en) 2002-03-22 2006-02-28 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. Burner
CN102016412B (en) * 2008-04-28 2012-07-18 法孚皮拉德公司 Burner with peripheral injection points for an axial air flow
WO2009138653A2 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-11-19 Fives Pillard Burner with peripheral injection points for an axial air flow
WO2009138653A3 (en) * 2008-04-28 2010-01-14 Fives Pillard Burner with peripheral injection points for an axial air flow
FR2930626A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-10-30 Fives Pillard Sa BURNER WITH PERIPHERAL AIR FLOW INJECTION POINTS
CN102012024A (en) * 2010-11-12 2011-04-13 新兴能源装备有限公司 Gas burner for active lime rotary kiln producer
WO2013091634A1 (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-27 Flsmidth A/S A method and a burner for introducing fuel into a burning zone of a kiln
CN104136851A (en) * 2012-02-21 2014-11-05 通用电气公司 A combustor nozzle and method of supplying fuel to a combustor
WO2013125972A1 (en) * 2012-02-21 2013-08-29 General Electric Company A combustor nozzle and method of supplying fuel to a combustor
JP2018522200A (en) * 2015-07-31 2018-08-09 ヌヴェラ・フュエル・セルズ，エルエルシー Burner assembly with reduced NOx emissions
CN105588118A (en) * 2016-03-09 2016-05-18 浙江尚鼎工业炉有限公司 Fuel gas heating furnace
CN105588118B (en) * 2016-03-09 2017-10-17 浙江尚鼎工业炉有限公司 A kind of gas-fired heater
CN106287705A (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-01-04 郭玉 A kind of gas gun
EP3336428A1 (en) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-20 Fives Pillard Low nox burner
CN106765216A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-05-31 洛阳明远石化技术有限公司 Burner and tail gas burning facility

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ES2132550T5 (en) 2002-12-16
ES2132550T3 (en) 1999-08-16
DE69510395D1 (en) 1999-07-29
FR2717884B1 (en) 1996-06-07
DE69510395T3 (en) 2003-04-17
EP0674135B2 (en) 2002-08-21
ATE181593T1 (en) 1999-07-15
DE69510395T2 (en) 2000-01-13
EP0674135B1 (en) 1999-06-23
FR2717884A1 (en) 1995-09-29

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