EP0670877B1 - Preparations tensioactives visqueuses aqueuses - Google Patents

Preparations tensioactives visqueuses aqueuses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0670877B1
EP0670877B1 EP93924051A EP93924051A EP0670877B1 EP 0670877 B1 EP0670877 B1 EP 0670877B1 EP 93924051 A EP93924051 A EP 93924051A EP 93924051 A EP93924051 A EP 93924051A EP 0670877 B1 EP0670877 B1 EP 0670877B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
weight
alkyl
formula
water
ether sulfate
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93924051A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0670877A1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Hofmann
Thomas Förster
Dieter Nickel
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
    • C11D17/003—Colloidal solutions, e.g. gels; Thixotropic solutions or pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to low-concentration and highly viscous aqueous surfactant preparations which contain alkyl glycosides and certain alkyl or alkenyl ether sulfates, a process for their preparation and the use of such preparations as washing or cleaning agents.
  • alkyl glycosides with long-chain alkyl groups belong to the nonionic surfactants.
  • the person skilled in the art also knows, for example in A.M. Schwartz, J.W. Perry, Surface Active Agents, Vol. I, Interscience Publishers, 1949, page 372 described that surfactant mixtures generally have synergistic effects and often have better cleaning properties than would result from the sum of the values of the individual components.
  • Detergents which contain alkyl glycosides in combination with at least one conventional anionic surfactant in a ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1 are described in European patent application EP 070 074.
  • Detergents which contain alkyl glycosides and anionic surfactants are also known from European patent application EP 092 877.
  • liquid detergents are known from European patent application EP 105 556, which contain alkyl glycosides, certain other nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants. From the international patent application WO 86/02943 alkylglycoside-containing liquid detergents are known which contain conventional anionic surfactants.
  • a process for the production of alkyl glycosides using catalytic amounts of an anionic surfactant in its acid form is known from European patent application EP 132 043.
  • European patent application EP 132 046 it is proposed to modify such a manufacturing process by adding certain bases after the actual reaction to neutralize the catalyst.
  • the intermediate detergents or cleaning products mentioned in these documents based on alkylglycoside are relatively highly concentrated aqueous solutions or pastes, since the components provided for the mixture to form finished compositions should have the highest possible active substance content. At the same time, they must be easy to handle, which means that they should have the lowest possible viscosity, flow and be easy to pump.
  • aqueous liquid products used by the consumer which include in particular liquid detergents, dishwashing detergents and universal cleaners, but also cosmetic products, for example hair shampoos or body cleaning lotions, although the active substance content of such products is generally relatively low.
  • Products of this type therefore normally contain thickeners, which generally have the disadvantage that they themselves do not contribute to the cleaning performance of the surfactant component contained in the agents.
  • Typical thickeners are inorganic water-soluble salts, in particular sodium chloride, and salts of non-surface-active aromatic sulfonic acids, for example sodium cumene sulfonate.
  • Organic thickeners are usually fatty acid alkanolamides, such as coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, lauric acid monoethanolamide, oleic acid diethanolamide and coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, polyethylene glycol difatty acid esters and a number of water-soluble polymers.
  • fatty acid alkanolamides such as coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, lauric acid monoethanolamide, oleic acid diethanolamide and coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, polyethylene glycol difatty acid esters and a number of water-soluble polymers.
  • agents which contain 15% by weight alkyl glycoside have a viscosity of less than 350 mPa.s at a content of approx. 0.5% by weight alkyl ether sulfate and the viscosity of such Agent goes through a minimum with the addition of increasing amounts of alkyl ether sulfate.
  • agents are generally both too highly concentrated and not viscous enough to be regarded as easy to handle.
  • gel-like preparations are understood to be structured, isotropic, viscoelastic solutions with a viscoelastic network structure constructed from rod micelles. They preferably have a viscosity, measured at a temperature in the range from 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. at a shear rate of 10 s ⁇ 1 , from 400 mPas to 10,000 mPas, in particular from 500 mPas to 8,000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the alkyl glycoside preparations according to the invention preferably contain 3% by weight to 9% by weight, in particular 4% by weight to 8% by weight of alkyl glycoside according to formula I, 0.1% by weight to 2% by weight of ether sulfate according to formula II and to 100 wt .-% water.
  • a portion of the water, in particular not more than 5% by weight, based on the preparation according to the invention, can be mixed with a water-miscible organic solvent, preferably from the group comprising alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, glycols with 2 to 4 carbon atoms and which contain di- and triglycols derived from these as well as the corresponding glycol ethers and mixtures of these substances.
  • Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of storage-stable, gel-like surfactant preparations on an aqueous basis which have a viscosity in the range of 400 mPa at a temperature in the range from 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. at a shear rate of 10 s -1 .
  • the procedure is preferably such that an aqueous paste which contains alkyl glycoside of the formula I in a concentration of 30% by weight to 60% by weight is mixed in such an amount with the ether sulfate or with an aqueous solution of the ether sulfate, that the sum of the surfactants in the resulting aqueous preparation is 2.5% by weight to 10% by weight and the resulting gel contains 90% by weight to 97.5% by weight of water.
  • the water can be mixed in at any point in the preparation of the agents according to the invention if the starting materials used do not already contain sufficient such solvent.
  • the Components heated to temperatures from 60 ° C to 80 ° C and mixed with conventional mixers, which are preferably heated and are kept during the entire mixing process, in particular at temperatures in the range mentioned.
  • alkyl glycosides suitable for the surfactant preparations according to the invention and their preparation are described, for example, in European patent applications EP 92 355, EP 301 298, EP 357 969 and EP 362 671 or the US Pat. No. 3,547,828.
  • the glycoside components ((G) n in formula I) of such alkyl glycosides are oligomers or polymers from naturally occurring aldose or ketose monomers, in particular glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, talose, gulose, altrose, allose , Idose, ribose, arabinose, xylose and lyxose.
  • the oligomers consisting of such glycosidically linked monomers are characterized not only by the type of sugar they contain, but also by their number, the so-called degree of oligomerization.
  • the degree of oligomerization (n in formula I) can also take non-integer numerical values as the quantity to be determined analytically; it is generally between 1 and 10, for the alkyl glycosides preferably used below 1.5, in particular between 1.2 and 1.4.
  • the preferred monomer building block is glucose because of its good availability.
  • the alkyl part (R 1 in formula I) of the alkyl glycosides contained in the surfactant preparations according to the invention preferably also originates from easily accessible derivatives of renewable raw materials, in particular from fatty alcohols, although their branched chain isomers, in particular so-called oxo alcohols, can also be used to prepare usable alkyl glycosides.
  • the primary alcohols with linear octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl radicals and mixtures thereof are particularly useful.
  • the alkyl glycosides may contain small amounts, for example 1 to 2%, of unreacted free fatty alcohol, which generally does not have a disadvantageous effect on the properties of the preparations produced therewith.
  • the ether sulfates which can be used in the context of the invention are anionic surfactants which are generally obtained by the known reaction of aliphatic primary alcohols with preferably 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 5 mol equivalents of alkylene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide, and subsequent reaction with a sulfating agent, for example sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid , and subsequent neutralization and hydrolysis of the reaction products formed, preferably with alkali, ammonium or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium bases.
  • Ether sulfates to which the process according to the invention extends are preferably derived from alkoxylated, in particular ethoxylated, fatty alcohols having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the degree of alkoxylation (q in formula II) is preferably 1 to 3.
  • the degree of alkoxylation as a quantity to be determined analytically can also assume non-integer numerical values.
  • Typical examples of starting materials for the ether sulfates which can be used according to the invention are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or behenyl alcohol and the corresponding unsaturated alcohols which can be obtained by reducing the carboxyl group from oleic acid, lauroleic acid, myristoleic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid.
  • the ether sulfates can also be derived from technical alcohol mixtures, such as those obtained in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid ester mixtures of natural origin or from aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis.
  • the ether sulfates produced in this way preferably contain as little as possible, in particular not more than 5% by weight, based on ether sulfate, of inorganic salt.
  • ether sulfate include the alkali chlorides and especially the alkali sulfates. If salt contents in such low amounts do not already occur in the preparation of the ether sulfates described above, the ether sulfate can be brought to levels not exceeding 5% by weight, in particular from 0.1% by weight to 1.5% by weight, based in each case on ether sulfate, of inorganic salt by known methods, for example by recrystallization.
  • surfactant preparations according to the invention which contain such low-salt ether sulfate, show a more pronounced, advantageous viscosity behavior in comparison to surfactant preparations containing higher-salt ether sulfate, although the addition of inorganic salts, in particular sodium chloride, is usually considered to be thickening.
  • Ether sulfates have long been known to be good anionic surfactants. It was surprising, however, that the viscosity of dilute aqueous alkyl glycoside solutions can be significantly increased by adding very small amounts of such anionic surfactants. In contrast, the addition of alkylbenzenesulfonate as an example of another anionic surfactant, which is also known to have high cleaning performance, reduces the viscosity of dilute aqueous alkylglycoside solutions.
  • the surfactant preparations according to the invention have excellent cleaning properties and high solubility in cold water. They are therefore preferably used as washing, rinsing or cleaning agents and in hair and body care or serve as storage-stable, easy-to-use premixes for the production of such agents.
  • This includes the addition of other constituents customary in such agents, to which in particular builder substances, such as zeolites and layered silicates, corrosion inhibitors, bleaching agents, bleach activators, optical brighteners, enzymes, graying inhibitors, antimicrobial active ingredients, abrasives, foam stabilizers, preservatives, pH regulators, and turbidity Pearlescent agents, dyes and fragrances and additional surfactants are possible among the preparations according to the invention.
  • builder substances such as zeolites and layered silicates, corrosion inhibitors, bleaching agents, bleach activators, optical brighteners, enzymes, graying inhibitors, antimicrobial active ingredients, abrasives, foam stabilizers, preservatives, pH
  • Table 1 Properties of 5% by weight preparations (25 ° C) Mixing ratio [% by weight] Viscosity [mPa.s] 5-0 320 4.5: 0.5 500 4.75: 0.25 1400 Properties of 7.5 percent by weight preparations (25 ° C) Mixing ratio [% by weight] Viscosity [mPa.s] 7.5: 0 520 6.5: 1 1400 7: 0.5 2900 7.25: 0.25 1200 Properties of 10% by weight preparations (25 ° C) Mixing ratio [% by weight] Viscosity [mPa.s] 10: 0 720 8: 2 900 8.5: 1.5 4700 9: 1 7000 9.5: 0.5 2100
  • preparations according to the invention were prepared and tested which contained C 12/14 alkyl glucoside and Na C 11/13 alkyl benzene sulfonate (Maranil (R) , manufacturer Hüls). These had a viscosity of 270 mPa ⁇ s in 5% by weight solution (weight ratio 4.9: 0.1) and a viscosity of 360 mPa ⁇ s in 10% by weight solution (weight ratio 9: 1).
  • the preparations according to the invention have significantly higher viscosities.

Abstract

Avec des formulations aqueuses faiblement concentrées contenant 2 à 10 % en poids d'un alkylglucoside de formule R1-0(G)n, dans laquelle R1 désigne un reste alkyle avec 8 à 22 atomes de C, G une unité glucose et n un nombre de 1 à 10, on se propose d'améliorer la facilité de manipulation dans certaines conditions d'utilisation et on s'est fixé comme objectif que la formulation contienne des quantités aussi faibles que possible d'une substance active ne comportant pas d'alkylglucoside. Cet objectif a été atteint essentiellement par l'addition, en vue d'accroître la viscosité, de 0,05 à 2 % en poids d'un sulfate d'éther de formule R2-O-(CpH2p0)qSO3X, dans laquelle R2 désigne un reste alkyle ou alcényle ayant 8 à 22 atomes de C et jusqu'à trois liaisons doubles C-C, p représente le nombre 2 ou 3, q représente un nombre de 1 à 10 et X représente un ion de métal alcalin, un ion ammonium ou un ion ammonium substitué par un alkyle ou un hydroxyalkyle, le rapport en poids de l'alkylglucoside au sulfate d'éther étant compris entre 35:1 et 3:1.

Claims (11)

  1. Préparation de tensioactifs à basse concentration et visqueuse sous forme d'un mélange aqueux et sous forme de gel, se composant essentiellement de :
    - 2 % en poids à 10 % en poids d'un alkylglycoside de la formule I,

            R1-O(G)n     (I)

    dans laquelle R1 est un radical alkyle avec de 8 à 22 atomes de C, G est une unité glycoside et n un nombre compris entre 1 et 10.
    - 0,05 % en poids à 2 % en poids d'un sulfate d'éther de la formule (II),

            R2-O-(CpH2pO)qSO3X     (II)

    dans laquelle R2 représente un radical alkyle ou alcényle ayant 8 à 22 atomes de C et jusqu'à 3 double liaisons C-C, p représente le nombre 2 ou 3, q un nombre de 1 à 10,
       et X un ion de métal alcalin, un ion d'ammonium ou un ion d'ammonium substitué par un alkyle ou un hydroxyalkyle,
    tandis que le rapport pondéral d'alkylglycoside selon la formule I au sulfate d'éther selon la formule II se monte de 35:1 jusqu'à 3:1, de préférence de 15:1 à 8:1,
    - et à 100 % en poids d'eau ou d'un mélange d'eau avec un solvant organique se mélangeant à l'eau.
  2. Préparation de tensioactifs selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que,
    elle a une viscosité, mesurée à une température au niveau de 20 à 25°C avec un taux de cisaillement de 10 s-1, comprise de 400 mPa.s à 10.000 mPa.s, en particulier de 500 mPa.s à 8.000 mPa.s.
  3. Préparation de tensioactifs selon les revendications 1 ou 2,
    caractérisée en ce que,
    elle contient de 3 % en poids à 9 % en poids, en particulier de 4 % en poids à 8 % en poids d'alkylglycoside selon la formule I, de 0,1 % en poids à 2 % en poids de sulfate d'éther selon la formule II et à 100 % en poids d'eau ou d'un mélange d'eau avec pas plus de 5 % en poids, par rapport à la préparation selon l'invention d'un solvant organique miscible à l'eau.
  4. Préparation de tensioactifs selon une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisée en ce que,
    le sulfate d'éther est un composé de la formule II, dans lequel R2 représente un radical alkyle avec 12 à 18 atomes de C, p le nombre 2 et q un nombre de 1 à 10, en particulier de 1 à 5.
  5. Préparation de tensioactifs selon une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisée en ce que,
    le sulfate d'éther mis en oeuvre ne contient pas plus de 5 % en poids, en particulier de 0,1 % en poids à 1,5 ù en poids de sel minéral.
  6. Préparation de tensioactifs selon une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisée en ce que,
    l'alkylglycoside selon la formule I comporte un degré d'oligomérisation n inférieur à 1,5, compris en particulier entre 1,2 et 1,4.
  7. Procédé de production de préparations de tensioactifs, stables au stockage, sous forme de gels, à base aqueuse, qui comportent à une température au niveau de 20°C à 25°C une viscosité allant de 400 mPa.s à 10.000 mPa.s, par mélange d'une solution aqueuse, qui contient un alkylglycoside de la formule I,

            R1-O(G)n     (I)

    dans laquelle R1 est un radical alkyle avec de 8 à 22 atomes de C, G est une unité glycoside et n un nombre compris entre 1 et 10, un sulfate d'éther de la formule (II),

            R2-O-(CpH2pO)qSO3X     (II)

    dans laquelle R2 représente un radical alkyle ou alcényle ayant 8 à 22 atomes de C et jusqu'à 3 double liaisons C-C, p représente le nombre 2 ou 3, q un nombre de 1 à 10, de préférence de 1 à 5, et X un ion de métal alcalin, un ion d'ammonium ou un ion d'ammonium substitué par un alkyle ou un hydroxyalkyle, dans le rapport pondéral d'alkylglycoside selon la formule I à sulfate d'éther selon la formule II de 35:1 à 3:1 et avec autant d'eau ou un mélange d'eau avec un solvant organique miscible à l'eau, pour que la teneur totale en tensioactif dans la préparation se monte à 2,2 % en poids jusqu'à 12 % en poids.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce que,
    on mélange une pâte aqueuse, qui contient de l'alkylglycoside selon la formule I à une concentration de 30 % en poids à 60 % en poids, en une quantité telle avec le sulfate d'éther de la formule II ou avec une solution aqueuse de sulfate d'éther, que la somme des tensioactifs dans la préparation aqueuse résultante se monte de 2,5 % en poids à 10 % en poids et que le gel résultant contienne de 90 % en poids à 97,5 % en poids d'eau.
  9. Procédé selon les revendications 7 ou 8,
    caractérisé en ce que,
    on chauffe les composants alkylglycoside et sulfate d'éther à des températures de 60°C à 80°C et on mélange avec un mélangeur chauffable, qui pendant tout le processus de mélange est maintenu à des températures de la zone citée.
  10. Utilisation d'une préparation de tensioactifs selon une des revendications 1 à 6 comme agents de lavage, de rinçage, de nettoyage, de soins des cheveux ou du corps.
  11. Utilisation d'une préparation de tensioactifs selon une des revendications 1 à 6 comme prémélange stable au stockage, facilement maniable pour la préparation de produits de lavage, de rinçage, de nettoyage, de soins des cheveux ou du corps.
EP93924051A 1992-11-26 1993-10-26 Preparations tensioactives visqueuses aqueuses Expired - Lifetime EP0670877B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4239679 1992-11-26
DE4239679A DE4239679A1 (de) 1992-11-26 1992-11-26 Viskose wäßrige Tensidzubereitungen
PCT/EP1993/002963 WO1994012601A1 (fr) 1992-11-26 1993-10-26 Preparations tensioactives visqueuses aqueuses

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0670877A1 EP0670877A1 (fr) 1995-09-13
EP0670877B1 true EP0670877B1 (fr) 1996-12-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93924051A Expired - Lifetime EP0670877B1 (fr) 1992-11-26 1993-10-26 Preparations tensioactives visqueuses aqueuses

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0670877B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4239679A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994012601A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5534500A (en) * 1993-09-13 1996-07-09 Henkel Corporation Process for preparing surfactant mixtures having high solids content
DE19723733A1 (de) * 1997-06-06 1998-12-10 Beiersdorf Ag Kosmetische und dermatologische Emulsionen, enthaltend Alkylglucoside und erhöhte Elektrolytkonzentrationen
US7842647B2 (en) * 2006-02-03 2010-11-30 Bayer Cropscience Lp Stable, concentrated herbicidal compositions

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4483787A (en) * 1983-12-28 1984-11-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Concentrated aqueous detergent compositions
DE3534082A1 (de) * 1985-09-25 1987-04-02 Henkel Kgaa Fluessiges reinigungsmittel
JPH0633402B2 (ja) * 1989-07-26 1994-05-02 花王株式会社 洗浄剤組成物
JPH03166298A (ja) * 1989-11-25 1991-07-18 Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd 液体洗浄剤組成物
DE4036663A1 (de) * 1990-11-17 1992-05-21 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Fluessiges, schaeumendes reinigungsmittel mit erhoehter viskositaet
DE4117689A1 (de) * 1991-05-29 1992-12-03 Henkel Kgaa Fluessige, giess- und pumpfaehige tensidzubereitung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0670877A1 (fr) 1995-09-13
DE59304705D1 (de) 1997-01-16
WO1994012601A1 (fr) 1994-06-09
DE4239679A1 (de) 1994-06-01

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