Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
  • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
  • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
  • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
  • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2410/00—Agriculture-related articles

Definitions

• the present invention is concerned with geotextiles and more particularly, with geotextiles for soil stabilisation.
• Erosion is a significant problem on unvegetated land, particularly if it slopes steeply, where water runs over that land. Any significant rainfall is likely to run off the land causing rainfall and wash erosion. Particularly susceptible areas are river and creek banks and road cuttings.
• an organic geotextile for soil stabilisation comprising a first layer of fine, intertwining fibres secured to a woven scrim constituting a second layer, said organic geotextile being adapted to be applied to an area of soil as a mat which serves to dissipate the hydraulic impact of rain drops and absorbs water whereby run off is reduced, deep infiltration of water into the soil is promoted and the soil is protected from rainfall erosion.
• the scrim is of sufficiently open weave and
• said first layer is of sufficiently low density that desirable vegetation can penetrate said organic geotextile in growing therethrough. It is particularly preferred that the overall density of the geotextile be 300 to 400 grams/metre 2 and, more particularly, 360 grams/metre 2 .
• the geotextile may further comprise a third layer of fine, intertwining fibres secured to the scrim on the other side of the scrim to said first layer.
• the first layer, the scrim and the third layer are of sufficiently high density that vegetation cannot penetrate said organic geotextile.
• the organic geotextile has a density between 600g/m 2 and 700g/m 2 , preferably 620g/m 2 .
• said first layer consists of a web of teased jute fibres and the scrim is a jute scrim.
• said third layer where present, also consists of a web of teased jute fibres.
• jute fibre is teased through a web forming machine such as a "Garnet” or a “Card”.
• the web is then “lapped” on an "apron” and the jute scrim (which i ⁇ woven in a separate operation) i ⁇ laid on the web of jute fibre.
• the web with the scrim laid on top i ⁇ then processed through a "needle punching machine” .
• This machine comprises a plurality of barbed needles which move up and down through the web of jute fibre and have the effect of re-orientating certain individual jute fibres from the horizontal plane to the vertical plane thereby mechanically bonding the fibres together and joining the scrim to the web.
• Thi ⁇ process is known as "felting" or needle punching. It is preferred that no bonding agent be added.
• the product i ⁇ then trimmed to the desired width and thickne ⁇ and cut into the de ⁇ ired length. Conveniently, the geotextile i ⁇ ⁇ old in a roll 25-30 metres long by 1.83 metre ⁇ wide and 3.0 millimetre ⁇ thick, by way of example.
• the jute u ⁇ ed to form the tea ⁇ ed jute fibre can come from a variety of ⁇ ource ⁇ ⁇ uch a ⁇ new or recycled he ⁇ ian fabric or bagging, compre ⁇ ed bale ⁇ of jute fibre known a ⁇ "caddie ⁇ ” or jute he ⁇ ian off cut ⁇ known a ⁇ "gunny cutting ⁇ ". Any of the ⁇ e may be u ⁇ ed individually or in combination.
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET i ⁇ provided a method of ⁇ tabilising soil comprising the steps of:-
• an organic geotextile comprising a first layer of fine, intertwining fibres ⁇ ecured to a woven scrim constituting a second layer, said organic geotextile being adapted to be applied to an area of ⁇ oil a ⁇ a mat which ⁇ erves to dissipate hydraulic impact of rain drops and absorb ⁇ water; (ii) laying said organic geotextile over the soil with said first layer in contact with ⁇ oil; and, optionally, (iii) ⁇ ecuring said organic geotextile in position, whereby run off is reduced, deep infiltration of water into the soil i ⁇ promoted and the ⁇ oil is protected from rainfall erosion.
• an organic geotextile comprising a first low- density layer of fine, intertwining fibres secured to an open-weave woven scrim constituting a second layer, said organic geotextile being adapted to be applied to said area as a mat which serves to dissipate the hydraulic impact of rain drop ⁇ and absorbs water; (ii) laying said organic geotextile over said area with said first layer in contact with the soil; optionally, (iii)securing said organic geotextile in position; and (iv) allowing desirable vegetation to grow through said organic geotextile, whereby run off in said area i ⁇ reduced, deep infiltration of water into the ⁇ oil i ⁇ promoted and the soil is protected from rainfall erosion.
• the geotextile is fixed to the ground to ensure it remains in place. Pinning the geotextile at intervals to the ground also ensures that vigorous plant species such as millet do not lift the geotextile cover a ⁇ they grow thereby reducing its effectiveness as an erosion control agent.
• pins would be driven in every 600-700 mm on a gentle slop and every 400 mm on a steeper slope at the joins between each roll of geotextile used or at a rate so ⁇ tipulated by a ⁇ ite engineer or similar. Each roll would also be pinned with one pin on a
• the ground may be pretreated by grading, filling and a ⁇ ociated earthwork ⁇ , then provided with top soil, desired seed and fertili ⁇ er prior to covering the ground with the geotextile cover. It would then be expected that vegetation will appear through the cover within one to two week ⁇ if a vigorou ⁇ ⁇ pecie ⁇ such as millet is chosen.
• a vigorou ⁇ ⁇ pecie ⁇ such as millet is chosen.
• a mixture of fast growing species such as millet and more desirable species such as couch, acacia, eucalypt, etc. is used.
• Tree and shrub species may be planted in seed form under the mat or, once the vegetation or grass is established, by cutting holes in the cover and planting them in those hole ⁇ .
• an organic geotextile comprising a first high density layer of fine, intertwining fibres secured to a high density woven scrim constituting a second layer and a third high density layer of fine, intertwining fibres ⁇ ecured to the other ⁇ ide of the scrim, said organic geotextile being adapted to be applied to an area of ⁇ oil as a mat which serve ⁇ to dissipate the hydraulic impact of rain drops and absorb water; (ii) laying said organic geotextile over the soil with either said first layer or said third layer in contact with ⁇ oil; and, optionally, (iii) ⁇ ecuring said organic geotextile in position, whereby run off is reduced, deep infiltration of water into the soil i ⁇ promoted and the ⁇ oil is protected from rainfall erosion, said organic geotextile acting as a barrier to prevent growth of undesirable vegetation.
• the geotextile is nominally 6 mm thick, has an overall den ⁇ ity between 600g/m 2 and 700g/m 2 , more preferably, of
• the growth of trees on land susceptible to erosion further ⁇ erve ⁇ to stabilise that land but the method of enhancing the growth of young trees according to the present invention is not limited to that application and is generally applicable to gardening and horticulture.
• Figure 1 i ⁇ a schematic diagram of one illu ⁇ trative example of a geotextile in accordance with the invention suitable for soil ⁇ tabili ⁇ ation and e ⁇ tabli ⁇ hment of de ⁇ irable vegetation, and
• Figure 2 i ⁇ a schematic diagram providing a partially exploded view of one illu ⁇ trative example of a geotextile in accordance with the present invention suitable for use as a weed barrier.
• Figure 1 shows schematically a geotextile 10 having a bottom layer 12 which contact ⁇ the soil to be stabili ⁇ ed consisting of low density teased jute fibre and a top layer 11 of jute scrim.
• the jute scrim used herein is a very open weave of jute fibres.
• the product is nominally 3mm thick, has a density of 360g/m 2 and is to be referred to through the specification as "Jutemaster FM" .
• Figure 2 illu ⁇ trates a geotextile 20 having a top layer 23 and a bottom layer 22 of teased jute fibre. Each of the layers is attached to the middle layer 21 which is a jute scrim, although layer 23 is shown spaced from the scrim so that the location of the scrim can be seen.
• Soil type sodic red brown earth
• CEC Cation Exchange Capacity
• Simulated rainfall using a rotating disc rainfall ⁇ imulator was applied for 30 minutes at 65 mm/h and 15 minutes at 130 mm/h.
• the high intensities were chosen to highlight the effectiveness of the geotextile against typical short, heavy storm in northern Australia.
• the occurrence of 30 minutes of rain at 65 mm/h would be an annual event in most part ⁇ of Queen ⁇ land.
• the 130 mm/h rain represents exceptional but not unusual storms in the tropic ⁇ .
• the total rainfall for the low and high inten ⁇ itie ⁇ were 16.3 and 32.5 mm re ⁇ pectively.
• the boxes were filled with special spout ⁇ to collect runoff water and were tilted to the required gradient ⁇ on a stand. For each simulator run, two boxes were used.
• runoff was reduced by more than 50% under Jutemaster FM and up to 80% under Jutema ⁇ ter TM on all ⁇ lope gradient ⁇ .
• Water infiltration into the soil depends greatly on the soil surface cover which protects the roughnes ⁇ of soil surface (soil surface structure) and also to slow down the movement of water thus enhancing the water entry/absorption to the soil.
• Results shown in Table 2 demonstrate the effectiveness of both Jutemaster FM and TM in improving water infiltration to the soil. Almost total absorption was recorded under both low and high rainfall intensitie ⁇ and at all three gradient ⁇ for both grade ⁇ . This can be explained by the fact that surface ⁇ oil ⁇ tructure under Jutema ⁇ ter remained almo ⁇ t intact after 30 minute ⁇ of rain while the bare ⁇ oil ⁇ urface ⁇ tructure was completely destroyed.
• Table 2 Water infiltration as a percentage of rainfall.
• Table 4 Wetting depth (cm), 30 cm from the collection spouts.
• I SUBSTITUTE SHEET increased particularly under high rainfall intensity.
• the surface wa ⁇ protected by either FM or TM grade ⁇ ⁇ oil lo ⁇ es were virtually stopped even under high rainfall intensity.
• Anchor pin ⁇ were driven in along the joins. Each roll was then pinned in the centre. The Jutemaster was folded under the toe of the ⁇ lope and placed under rocks where
• the couch gra ⁇ did not appear to be germinating evenly, so the millet was cut to a height of 40 mm and then lightly raked to allow for greater light penetration.

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• 1993
  • 1993-05-24 EP EP93909685A patent/EP0669870A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1993-05-24 CA CA002136422A patent/CA2136422A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1993-05-24 AU AU40531/93A patent/AU686100B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1993-05-24 WO PCT/AU1993/000237 patent/WO1993024315A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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