Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
  • H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
  • H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
  • H03H11/04—Frequency selective two-port networks
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
  • H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
  • H03H11/46—One-port networks

Definitions

• An integrated circuit is employed to control the charging and discharging of a small capacitor.
• IC integrated circuit
• a large value resistor must be employed to produce a reasonable R-C time constant.
• a differen ⁇ tial amplifier (diff-amp) to produce a suitably low constant current charging and discharging action.
• the diff-amp takes up less chip area than an equivalent high value resistor.
• the charging current being constant, produces a linear charge or discharge.
• Such circuits are commonly employed in oscillators where the diff-amp is switched between the charge and discharge states by suitable control circuitry.
• the circuit When the capacitor charge is below V, the circuit will charge the capacitor at a constant current until the charge equals V. When the capacitor charge is above V, the circuit will discharge the capacitor until the charge equals V. The charge and discharge are constant and the rate is determined by the diff-amp tail current.
• This circuit can be con figured with either bipolar or CMOS elements
• the basic circuit can be the central part of typical dynamic circuits, such as a low pass filter or a high pass filter.
• the critical filter frequencies can be controlled by the capacitor value and varied by means of the tail current control.
• Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the bipolar transistor version of the circuit of the invention.
• Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the CMOS transistor version of the circuit of the invention.
• Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a low pass filter using the circuit of the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high pass filter using the circuit of the invention. Description of the Ivention With reference to the schematic diagram of fi,gure 1, a V power supply is connected + to terminal 10 and - to ground terminal 11. Transistors 12 and 13 comprise a differential pair, configured as a long tailed pair, and the tail current (I household) is supplied by constant current element 14. The value of I Titan is determined by the bias potential applied to control terminal 15. The base of transistor 12 is the non ⁇ inverting input and the base of transistor 13 is the inverting input. Diode connected transistor 16 and transistor 17 are connected as a current mirror load and are connected respec ⁇ tively to the collectors transistors 12 anc 1 13. The collector of transistor 17 provides the circuit outp-.- at terminal 18.
• the output of the circuit at terminal 18 is con ⁇ nected to the inverting input, at the base of transistor 13, so that the circuit incorporates 100% negative feedback. This means that the circuit will function as a unity gain voltage follower.
• a voltage source 19 (V), having a value below V is connected to the base of transistor 12 and the stage will act to drive the output at terminal 18, to the level of V.
• Capacitor 20 is desirably an on chip device which has a relatively small value (typically less than about 50 pf). If the initial charge on capacitor 20 is less than V (for example, when the circuit is first energized, the charge will be zero) , the circuit will cause I ⁇ to flow in transistor 13, thereby to charge capacitor 20. The charge will be constant because the current is constant. During this action, transistor 12 and, consequently, transistors 16 and 17 will be off. If capacitor 20 has an initial charge in excess of V (for example, the charge on capacitor can be equal to V under some conditions), transistor 13 will be turned off and I_, flows in transistor 12. This means that I_, will flow in transistors 16 and 17.
• I_ will be sunk out of capacitor 20 so that it will discharge linearly.
• the circuit will act to force the capacitor charge to the level of V at which point it will be balanced and Idonating will be split equally in tran- sisors 12 and 13.
• I ⁇ /2 will flow in transistors 13 and 17 so that capacitor 20 will have its charge clamped at V.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a CMOS version of the circuit of figure 1.
• the PNP transistors have been replaced by P channel MOSFETs and the NPN transistors replaced with N channel MOSFETs.
• the CMOS transistors numerals include a prime sign and where the circuit elements are the same as those of figure 1, the same numerals are used.
• the CMOS sources function in the same way as the BJT emitters, the drains function as collectors, and the gates function as bases.
• the CMOS version of figure 2 will not have base-current errors that are always present in the bipolar figure 1 circuit and the voltage follower action will be somewhat more accurate.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram wherein the diff- amp circuit of figure 1 is used to form a high pass filter.
• Capacitor 20 instead of being grounded, is returned to input terminal 21 and an a-c input signal 22 is applied thereto.
• the peak voltage of input 22 is smaller than V.
• the circuit will charge and discharge capacitor 20 so that the potential at the base of transistor 13 is held constant at V.
• the signal output is zero.
• a high frequencies the charge and discharge of capacitor 20 can ⁇ not occur rapidly enough to follow and, in effect, the signal from 22 will be coupled to the output terminal 18.
• the circuit will display unity gain between terminals 21 and 18.
• the knee of the transfer function will be determined by the value of I ⁇ , the capacitor value, and the voltage amplitude.
• the bias applied to terminal 15 can control the frequency at which the knee occurs.
• FIG 4 is a schematic diagram wherein the circuit of figure 1 is used to form a low-pass filter.
• the a-c signal input source 22 is coupled in series with bias source 19. While source 22 is shown coupled between source 19 and terminal 23, it can function the same if it is located on the ground side of source 19.
• capacitor 20 can charge and discharge due to the unity gain stage action and terminal 18 will follow. However, at the higher frequencies, capacitor 20 cannot charge and discharge rapidly enough to follow. At some high frequency the charge and discharge is so slow that substantially zero signal will occur at terminal 18.
• the knee of the low-pass filter response will thus be a function of I ⁇ , the capacitor value, the voltage amplitude, and will be determined by the bias at terminal 15.

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• Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Country Status (3)

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• 1994
  • 1994-07-15 KR KR1019950701649A patent/KR950704855A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1994-07-15 EP EP94923969A patent/EP0667057A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1994-07-15 WO PCT/US1994/008129 patent/WO1995006977A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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