EP0664171B1 - Stripping of cans in closing machines - Google Patents
Stripping of cans in closing machines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0664171B1 EP0664171B1 EP94105287A EP94105287A EP0664171B1 EP 0664171 B1 EP0664171 B1 EP 0664171B1 EP 94105287 A EP94105287 A EP 94105287A EP 94105287 A EP94105287 A EP 94105287A EP 0664171 B1 EP0664171 B1 EP 0664171B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- seaming
- roller
- tool according
- section
- lid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
- B21D51/30—Folding the circumferential seam
- B21D51/32—Folding the circumferential seam by rolling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to claim 1 and Tool for capping machines with the characteristics of Preamble of claim 3.
- Such a tool is known in practice and consists of a central closing head, the one in contact with the core wall of the lid in this engages and with his "locking head lip" when lifting of the supporting part carrying the standing can into the can opening inserts and counter to those acting on the support member Spring force the flanged edge of the lid against the flanged edge of the Presses can and in a predetermined position opposite the sealing rollers holds so that they radial without hindrance can be adjusted inwards until their groove on the lying on top of each other and in the can deform as desired.
- Such sealing rolls with Figures 4, 7 or 8 show a profile groove GB-A 2,225,265 (CMB Packaging); in the upper inlet area of the sealing roller shown there, the inlet angle is 1 ° to 2 °.
- the upper inlet area exercises at Start with the first role (“first" operation roll) axial and radial force P according to page 5, lines 3 to 17 out.
- the actual sealing roller is according to FIG. 2c there designed.
- the shape of the capping lip is essentially due to this Undercut and through a central recess on the Bottom of the capping head is designed to accommodate a Tear device for tear-open covers is determined. Thereby receives the transition area between the lip and the central part of the Capping head a relatively small cross-section with which Danger in this transition area due to the strong Alternating stresses Cracks or even tears occur.
- One could strengthen it of the transition area is the central area of the Then would enlarge the closing head in the radial direction but lose the stripper function of the sealing rollers.
- a tool with the characteristics of the The preamble of claim 3 is to be developed in such a way that the sealing roller reliably a wiper function unsealed can from the sealing head.
- the edge of the can flange ensures the contouring of the sealing roller in the Transitional area for the fact that the Capping rolls, these rolls reliably on the flanged edge can run up without this over the closing head deform (claim 1.3), instead is on the flange exerted a downward deformation component.
- the rolls can also be used in the further course of the flanging Remove the unsealed can reliably so that it closes no significant disruption to operations can occur.
- Claim 10 makes it possible to face the role "second" transition area between the locking head lip and to sufficiently reinforce the central area of the head, so that this strong alternating stresses even with large Lip length can withstand safely.
- a desired scraper function of the sealing rollers is not impaired as by the appropriate, targeted contouring of the transition area of the roles of the large diameters required for this in the upper area of the rollers can be maintained.
- the role can continue with her Employment sufficiently far into the undercut of the Intervene in the closing head.
- Seam-lid closing machines are generally known, so that there is no need to describe them here; one is shown in FIG. 1 , with typical closing head shapes with lips 9 or 9a of different lengths and different recesses 11 or 11a.
- the right tool for such a machine has one that can be raised and lowered in the direction of the tool axis Lift table 13, of which the upright can receiving Support part 13a resilient by springs 13c or the like, is resiliently supported.
- the movement of the lifting table in The direction of the tool axis 12 is indicated by a double arrow 14 indicated.
- a capping head 8 is coaxial with the lifting table arranged, which can be fixed in the axial direction.
- the Capping head has a recess 11 on its underside on, which is arranged and dimensioned so that in it A suitable tear-open mechanism without contact a tear-open cover 5 can be added.
- the capping head has one on its top Undercut or recess 21, 22 on. Through this and that lower recess 11 is a radially outwardly projecting and towards below protruding capping lip 9, which with its outer surface in contact with a core wall 6 of the cover 5 occurs when the can 1 with the loosely placed lid 5 through the lifting table 13 on which the can bottom 3 with its seam 4 gets up, is raised to initiate the closing process.
- FIG. 1 shows two typical closing head shapes with lips 9 and 9a of different lengths and different recesses 11 and 11a, respectively.
- the different lips are assigned to lids with different core wall depths.
- the flange 7 of the lid covers the flange 2 of the can.
- Closing rollers 15 are used to form the closing seam, one of which is shown in detail in FIG.
- the rotating rollers become radial during the closing process to axis 12 from the extended position 19a in the position 19 shown with a simple outline moves (employed). This on and off movement is z. B. by Corresponding control cams, similar to the lifting movement of the lifting table.
- the rollers 15 each have a radially inward open Profile groove 16, which causes the actual deformation.
- the upper boundary edge 17 of the profile groove 16 follows one externally rounded transition area 17b into a cylindrical surface 18a an upper roller section 18, whose diameter is much larger than the diameter of one Roller section 23 below the profile groove 16.
- the Difference in diameter can e.g. 6mm and ensures that in the radially inner position 19 of the role of the upper Section 18 engages in the undercut 21,22 and the Capping head lip 9,9a overlaps in the radial direction.
- This dimensioning is necessary so that the sealing rollers 15 if the lid is missing and the position on the flanged edge is off 2 attack the can and remove it from the sealing head can.
- the off and on movement of the rollers 15 is due to the Double arrow 20 indicated.
- FIG. 1 shows that the transition cross section between the lip 9, 9a and a central section 10 of the closing head is relatively narrow.
- Practice shows that cracks 25 can occur in the transition area or the lip tears off completely when the heavy alternating loads occur.
- Figure 1 shows that in the absence of a cover, the springs 13c raise the can 1 with its flanged edge 2 by the dimension 26 to a position in which the flanged edge is designated 2a, with the result that when the rollers 15 are turned on, the flanged edge of the Can is pushed inward over the shoulder 22 of the sealing head 8 and deformed so that the can 1 is no longer released from the sealing head.
- the original course 32 of the outline of the roll is indicated, while at 30 and 31 two of many possible new contour lines in the (transition) area in question the rollers 15 are indicated.
- the cross-sectional increase 35 the contour line 30 or 31 or similar instead of the long (axially pointing) shoulder 17 of Figure 1 is provided, in such a way that this line of about the remaining upper boundary flank 17 of the profile groove 16 extends radially inwards and axially upwards, as shown in the transition region 17a.
- the middle angle 34 should be below 60 ° and preferably around 45 ° or below lie.
- the contour line 30, 31 can be a conical surface or a Determine irregularly profiled area.
- FIG. 3 and FIG. 3.1 show further possible configurations of the contour lines in the transition region 17a of the roller 15 at 40a to 40d.
- the measures for changing the cross-section and changing the contour of the rollers can be coordinated with one another in such a way that both the desired reinforcement of the sealing head lip 9,9a and the desired contour line 30,31 for defining a run-up slope for the flanged edge 2a are obtained .
- the sealing roller (15) for the folding lid sealing machine has a run-up area (30,31; 40a to 40d) at the upper end of the Profile groove (16), which is at least partially noticeable opposite the horizontal (perpendicular to 12).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing Of Jars (AREA)
- Closing Of Containers (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
- Mechanical Sealing (AREA)
- Sealing With Elastic Sealing Lips (AREA)
- Package Closures (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und ein Werkzeug für Verschließmaschinen mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 3.The invention relates to a method according to claim 1 and Tool for capping machines with the characteristics of Preamble of claim 3.
Ein solches Werkzeug ist der Praxis bekannt und besteht aus einem zentralen Verschließkopf,
der unter Kontakt mit der Kernwand des Deckels in diesen
eingreift und ihn mit seiner "Verschließkopflippe" beim Anheben
des die stehende Dose tragenden Stützteils in die Dosenöffnung
einschiebt und entgegen der an dem Stützteil wirkenden
Federkraft den Bördelrand des Deckels gegen den Bördelrand der
Dose drückt und dabei in einer vorbestimmten Stellung gegenüber
den Verschließrollen hält, so daß diese ohne Behinderung radial
einwärts verstellt werden können, bis deren Nut an den
aufeinander-liegenden Bördelrändern angreift und in der
gewünschten Weise verformen kann. Solche Verschließrollen mit
einer Profilnut zeigen die Figuren 4, 7 oder 8 der
GB-A 2,225,265 (CMB Packaging);
im oberen Einlaufbereich der dort dargestellten Verschließrolle,
beträgt der Einlaufwinkel 1° bis 2°.
Andere Verschließrollen zeigen - im Querschnitt
- die dortigen Figuren 2a und 2c, deren jeweiliger oberer
"Einlaufbereich" (entry surface) am oberen Rand der Profilnut
entweder leicht geneigt ist (Figur 2a) oder gemäß dortiger Figur
2c horizontal verläuft, wie es bei Verschließrollen ("second"
operation roll) üblich ist. Der obere Einlaufbereich übt beim
Anstellen mit der ersten Rolle ("first" operation roll) eine
axiale und radiale Kraft P gemäß dortiger Seite 5, Zeilen 3 bis
17 aus. Die eigentliche Verschließrolle ist gemäß dortiger Figur 2c
gestaltet.Such a tool is known in practice and consists of a central closing head,
the one in contact with the core wall of the lid in this
engages and with his "locking head lip" when lifting
of the supporting part carrying the standing can into the can opening
inserts and counter to those acting on the support member
Spring force the flanged edge of the lid against the flanged edge of the
Presses can and in a predetermined position opposite
the sealing rollers holds so that they radial without hindrance
can be adjusted inwards until their groove on the
lying on top of each other and in the
can deform as desired. Such sealing rolls with
Figures 4, 7 or 8 show a profile groove
GB-A 2,225,265 (CMB Packaging);
in the upper inlet area of the sealing roller shown there,
the inlet angle is 1 ° to 2 °.
Show other sealing rollers - in cross section
- Figures 2a and 2c there, the respective upper one
"Entry area" at the upper edge of the profile groove
is either slightly inclined (Figure 2a) or according to the figure there
2c runs horizontally, as is the case with sealing rolls ("second"
operation roll) is common. The upper inlet area exercises at
Start with the first role ("first" operation roll)
axial and radial force P according to
Bei Verschließmaschinen, bei denen während des Verschließvorganges die Dosen rotieren, fehlt in der Regel oberhalb einer Verschließkopflippe eines Verschließkopfes ein Abstreifer. In diesen Fällen übernehmen die Verschließrollen eine Abstreiferfunktion. Dazu müssen diese oberhalb ihrer Profilnut einen Rollendurchmesser aufweisen, der gegenüber dem Durchmesser unterhalb der Profilnut deutlich größer ist und in der angestellten Stellung der Rollen die Verschließkopflippe in radialer Richtung überlappt. Dazu ist eine entsprechende Hinterschneidung an der Oberseite des Verschließkopfes vorgesehen, in der der Rollenabschnitt größeren Durchmessers bei der Rollenanstellung aufgenommen wird ("einfährt").For capping machines, where during the Closing the cans rotate is usually missing above a capping head lip of a capping head Wipers. In these cases, the sealing rollers take over a wiper function. To do this, they must be above theirs Profile groove have a roller diameter, which compared to Diameter below the profile groove is significantly larger and in the locking head lip in the employed position of the rollers radial direction overlaps. There is a corresponding one Undercut on the top of the capping head provided in which the roller section of larger diameter the role position is recorded ("retracts").
Die Form der Verschließkopflippe ist im wesentlichen durch diese Hinterschneidung und durch eine zentrale Ausnehmung auf der Unterseite des Verschließkopfes bestimmt, die zur Aufnahme einer Aufreißeinrichtung bei Aufreißdeckeln bestimmt ist. Dabei erhält der Übergangsbereich zwischen Lippe und zentralem Teil des Verschließkopfes einen relativ kleinen Querschnitt, mit der Gefahr, daß an diesem Übergangsbereich aufgrund der starken Wechselbeanspruchungen Anrisse oder gar Abrisse entstehen. Die Gefahr ist um so größer, je größer die Kerntiefe des Deckels und je länger die Verschließkopf-Lippe ist. Man könnte zur Stärkung des Übergangsbereiches zwar den zentralen Bereich des Verschließkopfes in radialer Richtung vergrößern, würde dann aber die Abstreiferfunktion der Verschließrollen verlieren.The shape of the capping lip is essentially due to this Undercut and through a central recess on the Bottom of the capping head is designed to accommodate a Tear device for tear-open covers is determined. Thereby receives the transition area between the lip and the central part of the Capping head a relatively small cross-section with which Danger in this transition area due to the strong Alternating stresses Cracks or even tears occur. The The greater the core depth of the lid and the greater the risk the longer the capping lip is. One could strengthen it of the transition area is the central area of the Then would enlarge the closing head in the radial direction but lose the stripper function of the sealing rollers.
Wenn bei einem Verschließvorgang der als nächstes zu verschließenden Dose kein Deckel zugeführt worden ist, vermag der Verschließkopf die Dose nicht gegen die Federung des die Dose anhebenden Stützteils niederzudrücken. Der Dosen-Bördelrand kommt damit gegenüber der Verschließkopf-Lippe und den Verschließrollen deutlich höher zu stehen. Beim radialen (seitlichen) Anstellen der Verschließrollen besteht dann die Gefahr, daß der Dosen-Bördelrand über die Hinterschneidung des Verschließkopfes gerollt wird; die Dose also nicht mehr abgestreift werden kann und die Maschine angehalten werden muß.If the next time during a closing process closing lid has not been fed, can the sealing head the can not against the suspension of the Press down the can lifting support. The box edge comes with the capping lip and the Capping rolls to stand significantly higher. In the radial Then there is (lateral) positioning of the sealing rollers Danger that the can flanged over the undercut of the Capping head is rolled; the can no longer can be stripped and the machine must be stopped.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Umformen des Dosen-Bördelrandes über den Verschließkopf beim Verschließen von aufrecht stehenden Dosen bei fehlendem (nicht zugeführtem) Deckel zu vermeiden. Ein Werkzeug mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruchs 3 soll so weitergebildet werden, daß die Verschließrolle zuverlässig eine Abstreiferfunktion einer unverschlossenen Dose vom Verschließkopf ausüben kann.It is an object of the invention to reshape the rim of the can over the closing head when closing upright cans in the absence of (not supplied) Avoid lids. A tool with the characteristics of the The preamble of claim 3 is to be developed in such a way that the sealing roller reliably a wiper function unsealed can from the sealing head.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit Anspruch 1 oder 3 gelöst.This object is solved with claim 1 or 3.
Bei fehlendem Deckel und infolgedessen zu hoch liegendem Dosenbördelrand sorgt die Konturgebung der Verschließrolle im Übergangsbereich dafür, daß bei der Anstellbewegung der Verschließrollen, diese Rollen zuverlässig auf den Bördelrand auflaufen können, ohne diesen über den Verschließkopf zu verformen (Anspruch 1,3), stattdessen wird auf den Bördelrand eine abwärts gerichtete Verformungskomponente ausgeübt. Damit können die Rollen im weiteren Verlauf des Bördelns auch die nicht verschlossene Dose zuverlässig abstreifen, so daß es zu keiner nennenswerten Störung des Betriebes kommen kann.If the cover is missing and consequently too high The edge of the can flange ensures the contouring of the sealing roller in the Transitional area for the fact that the Capping rolls, these rolls reliably on the flanged edge can run up without this over the closing head deform (claim 1.3), instead is on the flange exerted a downward deformation component. In order to the rolls can also be used in the further course of the flanging Remove the unsealed can reliably so that it closes no significant disruption to operations can occur.
Anspruch 10 ermöglicht es, den der Rolle gegenüberstehenden "zweiten" Übergangsbereich zwischen der Verschließkopflippe und dem zentralen Bereich des Kopfes ausreichend zu verstärken, so daß dieser starken Wechselbeanspruchungen selbst bei großer Länge der Lippe sicher standhalten kann.Claim 10 makes it possible to face the role "second" transition area between the locking head lip and to sufficiently reinforce the central area of the head, so that this strong alternating stresses even with large Lip length can withstand safely.
Eine gewünschte Abstreiferfunktion der Verschließrollen wird nicht beeinträchtigt, da durch die entsprechende, gezielt vorgenommene Konturgebung des Übergangsbereichs der Rollen der dafür notwendige große Durchmesser im oberen Bereich der Rollen beibehalten werden kann. Die Rolle kann auch weiterhin bei ihrer Anstellung ausreichend weit in die Hinterschneidung des Verschließkopfes eingreifen. A desired scraper function of the sealing rollers is not impaired as by the appropriate, targeted contouring of the transition area of the roles of the large diameters required for this in the upper area of the rollers can be maintained. The role can continue with her Employment sufficiently far into the undercut of the Intervene in the closing head.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.
- Figur 1
- zeigt im Ausschnitt und im Querschnitt ein bekanntes
Werkzeug, zum Verschließen von Dosen mit
Deckeln 5. -
Figur 2 - zeigt in ähnlicher Darstellung ein Werkzeug gemäß einem Beispiel der Erfindung in direkt vergleichender Darstellung zu Figur 1.
- Figur 3
- Figur 3.1
- zeigen weitere Einzelheiten in abgewandelten Ausführungen.
- Figure 1
- shows in detail and in cross section a known tool for closing cans with
lids 5. - Figure 2
- shows a similar representation of a tool according to an example of the invention in a directly comparative representation to Figure 1.
- Figure 3
- Figure 3.1
- show further details in modified versions.
Falzdeckel-Verschließmaschinen sind generell bekannt, so daß
eine solche hier nicht näher beschrieben zu werden braucht;
dargestellt ist eine solche in der Figur 1, mit typischen
Verschließkopfformen mit unterschiedlich langen Lippen 9 bzw. 9a
und unterschiedlichen Ausnehmungen 11 bzw. 11a.Seam-lid closing machines are generally known, so that there is no need to describe them here; one is shown in FIG. 1 , with typical closing head shapes with
Es wird davon ausgegangen, daß beim Ausführungsbeispiel eine
Verschließmaschine vorgesehen ist, bei der über der noch zu
beschreibenden Verschließkopflippe ein Abstreifer nicht
vorgesehen ist. Das für eine solche Maschine geeignete Werkzeug
weist einen in Richtung der Werkzeugachse anheb- und absenkbaren
Hubtisch 13 auf, dessen die aufrecht stehende Dose aufnehmender
Stützteil 13a durch Federn 13c oder dergleichen federnd,
nachgiebig abgestützt ist. Die Bewegung des Hubtisches in
Richtung der Werkzeugachse 12 ist durch einen Doppelpfeil 14
angedeutet.It is assumed that a
Sealing machine is provided, in the case of which too
descriptive capping lip not a wiper
is provided. The right tool for such a machine
has one that can be raised and lowered in the direction of the tool axis
Lift table 13, of which the upright can receiving
Gleichachsig mit dem Hubtisch ist ein Verschließkopf 8
angeordnet, der in Achsrichtung feststehend sein kann. Der
Verschließkopf weist auf seiner Unterseite eine Ausnehmung 11
auf, die so angeordnet und bemessen ist, daß in ihr
berührungsfrei ein geeignet ausgebildeter Aufreißmechanismus
eines Aufreißdeckels 5 aufgenommen werden kann. A capping
Auf seiner Oberseite weist der Verschließkopf eine
Hinterschneidung oder Ausdrehung 21, 22 auf. Durch diese und die
untere Ausnehmung 11 ist eine radial nach außen ragende und nach
unten vorspringende Verschließkopflippe 9 begrenzt, die mit
ihrer Außenfläche in Kontakt mit einer Kernwand 6 des Deckels 5
tritt, wenn die Dose 1 mit dem lose aufgelegten Deckel 5 durch
den Hubtisch 13, auf dem der Dosenboden 3 mit seiner Falznaht 4
aufsteht, zur Einleitung des Schließvorganges angehoben wird.The capping head has one on its top
Undercut or recess 21, 22 on. Through this and that
In Figur 1 sind zwei typische Verschließkopfformen mit
unterschiedlich langen Lippen 9 bzw. 9a und unterschiedlichen
Ausnehmungen 11 bzw. 11a gezeigt. Die unterschiedlichen Lippen
sind Deckeln mit unterschiedlich großen Kernwand-Tiefen
zugeordnet. Bei aufgelegtem Deckel 5 überdeckt der Bördelrand 7
des Deckels den Bördelrand 2 der Dose. Zum Ausformen der
Verschlußnaht dienen Verschließrollen 15, von denen in Figur 1
eine im Ausschnitt gezeigt ist. 1 shows two typical closing head shapes with
Die drehbaren Rollen werden während des Schließvorganges radial
zu Achse 12 aus der ausgezogen wiedergegebenen Stellung 19a in
die mit einfacher Umrißlinie wiedergegebene Stellung 19 bewegt
(angestellt). Diese An- und Abstellbewegung wird z. B. durch
entsprechende Steuernocken bewirkt, ähnlich auch die Hubbewegung
des Hubtisches.The rotating rollers become radial during the closing process
to
Die Rollen 15 weisen jeweils eine radial nach innen offene
Profilnut 16 auf, welche die eigentliche Verformung bewirkt. Die
obere Begrenzungsflanke 17 der Profilnut 16 geht über einen nach
außen gerundeten Übergangsbereich 17b in eine Zylinderfläche 18a
eines oberen Rollenabschnittes 18 über, dessen Durchmesser
wesentlich größer ist, als der Durchmesser eines
Rollenabschnittes 23 unterhalb der Profilnut 16. Der
Durchmesserunterschied kann z.B. 6mm betragen und sorgt dafür,
daß in der radial inneren Stellung 19 der Rolle der obere
Abschnitt 18 in die Hinterschneidung 21,22 eingreift und die
Verschließkopflippe 9,9a in radialer Richtung überlappt. The
Diese Bemessung ist erforderlich, damit die Verschließrollen 15
bei fehlendem Deckel und abgestellter Position am Bördelrand 2
der Dose angreifen und diese von dem Verschließkopf abstreifen
können. Die Ab- und Anstellbewegung der Rollen 15 ist durch den
Doppelpfeil 20 angedeutet.This dimensioning is necessary so that the
Aus Figur 1 ist ersichtlich, daß der Übergangsquerschnitt
zwischen der Lippe 9,9a und einem zentralem Abschnitt 10 des
Verschließkopfes relativ schmal ist. Die Praxis zeigt, daß bei
den auftretenden schweren Wechselbelastungen Anrisse 25 im
Übergangsbereich auftreten können bzw. die Lippe ganz abreißt.
Ferner zeigt Figur 1, daß bei fehlendem Deckel die Federn 13c
die Dose 1 mit ihrem Bördelrand 2 um das Maß 26 bis in eine
Stellung anheben in der der Bördelrand mit 2a bezeichnet ist,
mit der Folge, daß beim Anstellen der Rollen 15 der Bördelrand
der Dose nach innen über die Schulter 22 des Verschließkopfes 8
geschoben und verformt wird, so daß die Dose 1 nicht mehr von
dem Verschließkopf freikommt.It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the transition cross section between the
Gemäß Figur 2 ist das Werkzeug so abgewandelt, daß all die oben aufgezeigten Gefahren und Risiken und Nachteile vermieden sind. Gleiche Teile und Bereiche sind, soweit sie unverändert bleiben, mit den gleichen Bezugsziffern wie in Figur 1 bezeichnet.According to Figure 2 , the tool is modified so that all of the dangers and risks and disadvantages shown above are avoided. Insofar as they remain unchanged, the same parts and areas are designated with the same reference numbers as in FIG. 1.
Aus Figur 2 erkennt man, daß am Verschließkopf der
Übergangsbereich zwischen Lippe 9,9a und dem zentralen Bereich
dieses Kopfes wesentlich (durch Querschnittsverbreiterung)
verstärkt ist. Die Querschnittsverbreiterung liegt etwa in
Richtung des Pfeiles 36 und ist durch Querschnittszunahme 35
ausschließlich im Bereich der Hinterschneidung 21,22 erreicht,
und zwar durch Auffüllung des radial innen und axial unten
liegenden Bereiches der Hinterschneidung. Die radiale Tiefe und
die axiale Höhe der Hinterschneidung sind dabei generell
erhalten geblieben. Der am Verschließkopf 8 hinzugefügte
Querschnittsbereich ist zur Bildung eines Übergangsbereiches 17a
an den Rollen 15 entsprechend weggenommen, und zwar so, daß die
Profilnut 16 ebensowenig wie der Durchmesser des oberen
Rollenabschnittes 18 beeinflußt worden sind. Der Eingriff der
Rolle 15 in die Hinterschneidung aus der Stellung 19a in der
Stellung 19 ist unverändert möglich und so auch eine radiale
Überlappung 38 des Dosen-Bördelrandes in der Stellung 19a, um
die Dose abstreifen zu können.From Figure 2 it can be seen that the
Transitional area between lip 9.9a and the central area
this head significantly (by widening cross-section)
is reinforced. The broadening of the cross-section is about
Direction of
Der ursprüngliche Verlauf 32 der Umrißlinie der Rolle ist
angedeutet, während mit 30 und 31 zwei von vielen möglichen
neuen Konturlinien in dem in Rede stehenden (Übergangs-)Bereich
der Rollen 15 angedeutet sind.The original course 32 of the outline of the roll is
indicated, while at 30 and 31 two of many possible
new contour lines in the (transition) area in question
the
Durch die beschriebenen Maßnahmen wird die Verschließkopf-Lippe
9, 9a wesentlich verstärkt. Die Praxis zeigt, daß damit
die Gefahr von An- oder Abrissen (25) auch bei hoher
Wechselbeanspruchung und selbst bei sehr langen Lippen 9,9a
gebannt ist.Through the measures described, the sealing
Selbst in solchen Fällen, in denen eine Verstärkung der
Lippe 9,9a nicht nötig erscheint, hat es sich als vorteilhaft
erwiesen, wenn an den Verschließrollen 15 statt der Umrißlinie
der Querschnittszunahme 35 die Konturlinie 30 oder 31 oder
ähnlich statt der langen (axial weisenden) Schulter 17 von
Figur 1 vorgesehen wird, und zwar so, daß diese Linie von etwa
der verbleibenden oberen Begrenzungsflanke 17 der Profilnut 16
radial nach innen und axial nach oben ansteigend verläuft, wie
im Übergangsbereich 17a dargestellt. Der mittlere Winkel 34
sollte unter 60° und vorzugsweise etwa bei 45° oder darunter
liegen. Die Konturlinie 30,31 kann eine Kegelfläche oder eine
unregelmäßig profilierte Fläche bestimmen.Even in cases where there is an intensification of the
Lip 9.9a does not appear necessary, it has proven to be advantageous
proven when on the sealing
Weitere mögliche Ausbildungen der Konturlinien im
Übergangsbereich 17a der Rolle 15 zeigen Figur 3 und Figur 3.1
bei 40a bis 40d.FIG. 3 and FIG. 3.1 show further possible configurations of the contour lines in the transition region 17a of the
Durch diese Maßnahme wird bei fehlendem Deckel 5 ausgeschlossen,
daß die Rollen 15 bei ihrer radialen Anstellbewegung den
Bördelrand 2 der Dose aus der Stellung als Bördelrand 2a
mitnehmen und radial über die Hinterschneidung 22 des
Verschließkopfes 8 umformen. This measure means that if the
Wie Figur 2 zeigt, können die Maßnahmen zur Querschnittsänderung
und zur Änderung der Kontur der Rollen so aufeinander abgestimmt
werden, daß sowohl die gewünschte Verstärkung der
Verschließkopflippe 9,9a als auch die gewünschte Konturlinie
30,31 zur Definition einer Auflaufschräge für den Bördelrand 2a
erhalten werden.As FIG. 2 shows, the measures for changing the cross-section and changing the contour of the rollers can be coordinated with one another in such a way that both the desired reinforcement of the sealing
Die Verschließrolle (15) für die Falzdeckel-Verschließmaschine, hat einen Auflaufbereich (30,31;40a bis 40d) am oberen Ende der Profilnut (16), der zumindest teilweise spürbar schräg gegenüber der Horizontalen (senkrecht zu 12) verläuft.The sealing roller (15) for the folding lid sealing machine, has a run-up area (30,31; 40a to 40d) at the upper end of the Profile groove (16), which is at least partially noticeable opposite the horizontal (perpendicular to 12).
Claims (11)
- Process for seaming upright cans having a seamed lid (5) while reducing seamed lid seaming machine stoppage times, in which a flanged edge (2, 2a) projecting radially outwards of a can body (1) supported (13, 13c) to be resiliently flexible receives a downwardly directed deformation component from a radially moved seaming roller (15), if the flanged edge (2a) lies higher in the axial direction (12) than it would lie if the associated seamed lid (5) were inserted in the can body (1).
- Process according to claim 1, in which the flanged edge (2, 2a) also receives a downwardly directed deformation component if a seamed lid (5) has not been supplied for the seaming process and the outer end of the flanged edge (2a) lies above a profile groove (16) of the seaming roller (15).
- Tool for seaming upright can bodies (1) using seamed lids (5) according to claim 1,(a) having a seaming chuck (8; 10, 9) and a resiliently (13c) flexible support part (13), which can be moved relative to the latter up and down in the direction of movement, for an upright can body (1) and having at least one seaming roller (15) which can be adjusted (20) radially with respect to the seaming chuck axis and has a profile groove (16) open towards the seaming chuck (8), the upper defining flank (17) of the profile groove (16) merging into an upper roller section (18) via a first transition region, the diameter of the upper roller section (18) being significantly larger than that of the groove base of the profile groove (16), whereincharacterised in that(aa) the upper roller section (18) is designed so as to engage in an annular undercut (21, 22) on the upper side of the seaming chuck (8) when the roller (15) is radially adjusted;(bb) the seaming chuck (8) has on its lower side a central recess (11, 11a) to receive a tear-open device for the lid (5) which together with the undercut (21, 22) on the seaming chuck (8) defines a peripheral seaming chuck lip (9, 9a) contacting the core wall (6) of the lid (5),(b) to form an annular leading surface seen in cross-section, the first transition region (17a) of the seaming roller (15) has a contour line (30, 31) which runs from a point in the vicinity of the upper defining flank (17) of the profile groove (16) starting in the direction radially to the seaming chuck axis (12) and rising upwards axially, wherein the contour line (30; 31; 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) extends in the axial direction to an extent which is at least equal to the axial spring excursion (26) of the support part (13).
- Tool according to claim 3, characterised in that the contour line (30, 31) of the seaming roller (15) - averaged over its extension - has an average slope angle (34) below about 60°, preferably 45°, with respect to the plane running vertically to the axis (12).
- Tool according to claim 2, characterised in that the contour line (30, 31) seen in cross-section defines a conical face or an irregularly profiled face as the leading surface on the seaming roller (15).
- Tool according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterised by its use in seaming machines, in which the cans can be driven to rotate during the seaming process or are inserted to be fixed axially without rotary movement.
- Tool according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterised by its use in seaming machines without stripper above the seaming chuck lip (9, 9a).
- Tool according to claim 7, characterised in that the upper roller section (18) above the profile groove (16) has a diameter for a stripper function for this region.
- Use of the tool according to one of the previous claims 3 to 8, as replacement for an existing seaming tool with stripper in existing seaming machines.
- Tool according to claim 3, characterised in that the undercut (21, 22) is filled (35) radially inwards and axially downwards to be reinforcing in a second transition region, particularly in accordance with the contour line (30, 31) of the leading surface of the first transition region (17a) of the seaming roller (15).
- Tool according to claim 10, in which the filling (35) of the second transition region has a conical face or an irregularly profiled face as the surface.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL95315541A PL175763B1 (en) | 1994-01-19 | 1995-01-18 | Device for use in container closing machines |
| CZ962101A CZ210196A3 (en) | 1994-01-19 | 1995-01-18 | Tool for closing machines |
| US08/676,307 US5865587A (en) | 1994-01-19 | 1995-01-18 | Tool for a seaming machine |
| PCT/DE1995/000059 WO1995019858A1 (en) | 1994-01-19 | 1995-01-18 | Tool for a seaming machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4401446 | 1994-01-19 | ||
| DE4401446A DE4401446A1 (en) | 1994-01-19 | 1994-01-19 | Tool for capping machines |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0664171A1 EP0664171A1 (en) | 1995-07-26 |
| EP0664171B1 true EP0664171B1 (en) | 2000-07-12 |
Family
ID=6508235
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94105287A Expired - Lifetime EP0664171B1 (en) | 1994-01-19 | 1994-04-05 | Stripping of cans in closing machines |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6123493A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0664171B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE194523T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4401446A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0664171T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2149831T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6830420B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2004-12-14 | Scott K. Westphal | Jig and method for manufacturing a container |
| WO2012143263A1 (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-10-26 | Crown Packaging Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for seaming containers and double seam thereby obtained |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3441170A (en) * | 1967-03-03 | 1969-04-29 | Continental Can Co | Coined bead for improved fill characteristics |
| US3871314A (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1975-03-18 | Dorn Co V | Method of making folded can ends and folded can end product |
| FR2319439A1 (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1977-02-25 | Gallay Sa | PERFECTION OF THE TRIPLE CRIMPING PROCESS |
| FR2430276A1 (en) * | 1978-07-07 | 1980-02-01 | Gallay Sa | IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC OR COMPOSITE PACKAGING WITH BACKS ASSEMBLED BY CRIMPING AND TOOLS ALLOWING THEIR PRODUCTION |
| US4354784A (en) * | 1979-08-27 | 1982-10-19 | Boise Cascade Corporation | Method and apparatus for forming a non-silver scored metal end |
| ZA807387B (en) * | 1979-12-08 | 1981-11-25 | Metal Box Co Ltd | Containers |
| US4392295A (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1983-07-12 | Nittetsu Steel Drum Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for forming drum seam |
| US4540323A (en) * | 1982-01-28 | 1985-09-10 | Nittetsu Steel Drum Co., Ltd. | Metal containers and their manufacturing method and apparatus |
| US4434641A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1984-03-06 | Ball Corporation | Buckle resistance for metal container closures |
| GB2121332B (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1985-11-20 | Plastic Drum Company Limited | Sealing of drums |
| AU570007B2 (en) * | 1982-08-04 | 1988-03-03 | K D Binnie Engineering Pty Ltd | Joining an end plate to a hollow body |
| US4578007A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1986-03-25 | Aluminum Company Of America | Reforming necked-in portions of can bodies |
| US4626158A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1986-12-02 | Gallay S.A. | Container seam and a process for forming a container seam |
| JPS63242430A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1988-10-07 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd | Manufacture of necking-in can |
| NL8802339A (en) * | 1988-09-21 | 1990-04-17 | Leer Koninklijke Emballage | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SHEARING JOINT |
| GB8825280D0 (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1988-11-30 | Mb Group Plc | Seaming rolls |
| WO1995019858A1 (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1995-07-27 | Schmalbach-Lubeca Ag | Tool for a seaming machine |
-
1994
- 1994-01-19 DE DE4401446A patent/DE4401446A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-04-05 EP EP94105287A patent/EP0664171B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-05 DE DE59409442T patent/DE59409442D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-05 ES ES94105287T patent/ES2149831T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-05 DK DK94105287T patent/DK0664171T3/en active
- 1994-04-05 AT AT94105287T patent/ATE194523T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-02-01 US US09/241,129 patent/US6123493A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK0664171T3 (en) | 2000-11-13 |
| EP0664171A1 (en) | 1995-07-26 |
| US6123493A (en) | 2000-09-26 |
| ATE194523T1 (en) | 2000-07-15 |
| ES2149831T3 (en) | 2000-11-16 |
| DE4401446A1 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
| DE59409442D1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE3736545C2 (en) | Method and device for forming a container lid | |
| DE69911443T2 (en) | CAN END SEAL WITH REINFORCED SIDE WALL AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME | |
| DE2257580C3 (en) | Process for the production of an easy-to-open container lid from sheet metal | |
| DE3844117C2 (en) | ||
| DE3515465A1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MOLDING A CONTAINER CAP | |
| DE2532194A1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DEFORMING A Tear-Off Lid Made Of Metal | |
| DE10040173A1 (en) | Device for expanding and shaping can bodies | |
| DE3416079A1 (en) | CONTAINER WITH A TAPERED CROSS-SECTION AND METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SUCH CONTAINERS | |
| EP1126938B1 (en) | Bordering and/or crease-closing machine and method for operating the same | |
| EP1181115A1 (en) | Method for producing a device for storing solids, liquids and/or gases, especially a container for storing food, and device for carrying out a production method of this type | |
| DE3105079C2 (en) | Bending machine for roll bending sheet metal blanks for the manufacture of motor vehicle fenders | |
| EP0664171B1 (en) | Stripping of cans in closing machines | |
| DE3229246C2 (en) | ||
| DE3338090C2 (en) | ||
| EP0675773B1 (en) | Process and apparatus for further treating a closure end made of sheet | |
| DE3723387A1 (en) | METAL CONTAINER, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD | |
| EP0882649B1 (en) | Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member | |
| DE4007381A1 (en) | DOUBLE-FOLDED SEALABLE, TWO- OR THREE-PIECE CANNED TIN, AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION | |
| WO1995019858A1 (en) | Tool for a seaming machine | |
| DE4408883B4 (en) | Method for producing a connection between a pipe end and a closure part and device for carrying out the method | |
| DE3039812C2 (en) | Process and device for all-round painting of cylindrical hollow bodies, such as can bodies | |
| CH668727A5 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONNECTING A HOLLOW BODY TO AN INNER BODY. | |
| DE924322C (en) | Device for closing tin cans | |
| DE2639764A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR FORMING A CIRCUMFERENCE AND A CUTTING IN THIS EDGE AT THE OPEN END OF A CYLINDRICAL TIN CONTAINER AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS PROCESS | |
| WO1996011760A2 (en) | Method and tools for creating flanged lightening holes in workpieces |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19960126 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19970506 |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: IMPRESS METAL PACKAGING GMBH & CO. OHG |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: MAIKO ENGINEERING GMBH |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: STRIPPING OF CANS IN A CLOSING MACHINE |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 194523 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 20000715 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: STRIPPING OF CANS IN CLOSING MACHINES |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59409442 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20000817 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: KELLER & PARTNER PATENTANWAELTE AG |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: RACHELI & C. S.R.L. |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20000914 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2149831 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20020705 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20020710 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20020710 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20020715 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20020715 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20020716 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20020717 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20020722 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20020731 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20020731 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030405 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030405 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030406 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030407 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030430 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030430 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030430 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030430 |
|
| BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *MAIKO ENGINEERING G.M.B.H. Effective date: 20030430 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031101 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031101 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20030405 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20031101 |
|
| EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031231 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20030407 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050405 |