EP0663361B1 - Pope reel winder for a papermaking machine - Google Patents
Pope reel winder for a papermaking machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0663361B1 EP0663361B1 EP94120632A EP94120632A EP0663361B1 EP 0663361 B1 EP0663361 B1 EP 0663361B1 EP 94120632 A EP94120632 A EP 94120632A EP 94120632 A EP94120632 A EP 94120632A EP 0663361 B1 EP0663361 B1 EP 0663361B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- carrier drum
- roller
- reel winder
- pressing roller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H18/00—Winding webs
- B65H18/08—Web-winding mechanisms
- B65H18/14—Mechanisms in which power is applied to web roll, e.g. to effect continuous advancement of web
- B65H18/16—Mechanisms in which power is applied to web roll, e.g. to effect continuous advancement of web by friction roller
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/40—Shafts, cylinders, drums, spindles
- B65H2404/43—Rider roll construction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2406/00—Means using fluid
- B65H2406/10—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium
- B65H2406/15—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium rotary pressurized means, e.g. cylinder, drum, shaft, spindle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2408/00—Specific machines
- B65H2408/20—Specific machines for handling web(s)
- B65H2408/23—Winding machines
- B65H2408/236—Pope-winders with first winding on an arc of circle and secondary winding along rails
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2601/00—Problem to be solved or advantage achieved
- B65H2601/20—Avoiding or preventing undesirable effects
- B65H2601/21—Dynamic air effects
- B65H2601/211—Entrapping air in or under the material
Definitions
- Such carrier drum rollers form the final group of one Paper machine. They serve to wind up the finished Paper web into a wrap. It is used as a winding core Drum used. This is parallel to the carrier drum arranged and with its journals in the forks of two pivoted lever so that the drum by one Part of the circumference of the support drum is pivotable.
- the drum is usually in the upper part of the crown the carrier drum attached and when winding the At the beginning of the path around a quadrant of the carrier drum pivoted, in the sense of a distance from the Paper machine.
- the invention is based on document (1). From this is a carrier drum roller with the essential features of General term known.
- the inventors have recognized that the drum reel under may be a source of significant dust in certain circumstances can. You have just found that there between the outer surface of the carrier drum and this slipping paper web slip can occur, and thus a friction on the facing surface Side of the paper web. Because the paper web at this point has reached a high dry content, which is usually is 97%, the paper web may wear come. This is particularly uncomfortable with painted ones Papers, because then the line on the named Side of the paper web is rubbed off, resulting in a Two-sidedness of the paper web leads. Even with strong ones filled papers, i.e. for papers with high Filler content, rubbing can be particularly disadvantageous be.
- the invention has for its object the emergence of Avoid abrasion and dust on the drum reel.
- This Task is characterized by the characteristics of Claim 1 solved.
- the paper web 3 is made from the - not shown - Drying section of the paper machine led out, wrapped around first an spreader roller 4, then runs in Arrow direction on the lateral surface of the support drum 1, and wraps around the outer surface of the support drum 1 by one certain angle until reaching the drum 2.
- the winding process begins there, in which the beginning of the path of the paper web 3 around the drum is wrapped around. Note the arrows that the Show the direction of rotation of the drum 1 and the drum 2. To roll the drum 2 is rotated, what but should not be described in detail here.
- a pressure roller 5 is provided. This is proportionate with a coat cover 6 soft material, such as rubber.
- the Pressure roller 5 is by means of a pneumatic drive 7 and a swivel rod 8 under selectable pressure against the Shell surface of the drum 1 can be pressed.
- a pneumatic drive 7 is by means of a pneumatic drive 7 and a swivel rod 8 under selectable pressure against the Shell surface of the drum 1 can be pressed.
- the swivel angle 10 is 30 ° in the present case.
- the pressure roller 6 can be coated with a non-stick coating be.
- the contact pressure is freely selectable, so that the Line force between the lateral surfaces of the pressure roller 5 and the drum 1 is the same size as its own weight the pressure roller 5, or smaller or larger than this Own weight.
- the jacket 6 of the roller Radial holes are provided, through which compressed air after can be blown outside so that sticking of the Paper web 3 on the pressure roller 5 or on its jacket is prevented.
- Boundary air layer of the incoming paper web by means of Vacuum suction.
- the carrying drum 1 can also have a rubber cover have, also be provided with jacket holes, the are vacuumable to the incoming air layer Vacuum paper web 3.
- Pressure roller 5 designed as a deflection compensation roller be so that the course of the contact pressure in the press nip between pressure roller 5 and carrier drum 1 as desired is adjustable.
- Fig. 2 shows - in an enlarged view - one Section of the support drum 1 and the pressure roller 5.
- a differential pressure system shown.
- Die two tie rods 24, 25 are through holes in the fixed Plate 21 passed so that the carriage on and is able to move, whereby it can be moved using a Push rod 26 acts accordingly on the pressure roller.
- the movement is brought about by bellows 27, 28 which can be operated pneumatically or hydraulically.
Landscapes
- Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
- Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Winding Of Webs (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Delivering By Means Of Belts And Rollers (AREA)
- Packaging Of Special Articles (AREA)
- Advancing Webs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Tragtrommelroller für eine
Papiermaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.
Derartige Tragtrommelroller sind aus den folgenden
Druckschriften bekanntgeworden:
Derartige Tragtrommelroller bilden die Schlußgruppe einer Papiermaschine. Sie dienen dem Aufwickeln der fertigen Papierbahn zu einem Wickel. Dabei wird als Wickelkern ein Tambour verwendet. Dieser ist parallel zur Tragtrommel angeordnet und mit seinen Lagerzapfen in den Gabeln zweier schwenkbarer Hebel gelagert, so daß der Tambour um einen Teil des Umfanges der Tragtrommel herumschwenkbar ist. Dabei wird der Tambour meist im oberen Scheitelbereich auf die Tragtrommel aufgesetzt und beim Anwickeln des Bahnanfangs um etwa einen Quadranten der Tragtrommel herum verschwenkt, und zwar im Sinne einer Entfernung von der Papiermaschine.Such carrier drum rollers form the final group of one Paper machine. They serve to wind up the finished Paper web into a wrap. It is used as a winding core Drum used. This is parallel to the carrier drum arranged and with its journals in the forks of two pivoted lever so that the drum by one Part of the circumference of the support drum is pivotable. The drum is usually in the upper part of the crown the carrier drum attached and when winding the At the beginning of the path around a quadrant of the carrier drum pivoted, in the sense of a distance from the Paper machine.
Die Erfindung geht aus von Druckschrift (1). Hieraus ist ein Tragtrommelroller mit den wesentlichen Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs bekannt. The invention is based on document (1). From this is a carrier drum roller with the essential features of General term known.
Aus Druckschrift (2) ist es bekannt, daß durch die Kombination von Tragtrommel und Anpreßwalze ein schlupffreier Bahntransport ermöglicht werden kann.From document (2) it is known that by Combination of carrier drum and pressure roller slip-free rail transport can be made possible.
Bei Tragtrommelrollern der genannten Art hat man sich bisher hauptsächlich mit Fragen der Wickelqualität befaßt. Dabei wurde übersehen, daß es andere Papiereigenschaften gibt, die vom Tragtrommelroller maßgeblich beeinflußt werden.With carrier drum rollers of the type mentioned you have So far mainly dealt with questions of winding quality. It was overlooked that there are other paper properties there, which is significantly influenced by the drum reel will.
Eine wichtige Eigenschaft des Papieres, insbesondere sogenannter graphischer Papiere, ist die Staubarmut. Staub ist in höchstem Maße unerwünscht, vor allem für die nachfolgenden Papierveredelungsvorgänge, sowie beim Drucken. Zwar gibt es Entstaubungseinrichtungen zum Entstauben von Papier. Jedoch ist es wünschenswert, bereits den Herstellungsprozess des Papiers derart zu gestalten, daß möglichst wenig Staub auftreten kann. Ein klassisches Mittel ist es, die Papierstoffsuspension vor der Papiermaschine mit Leim zu versetzen, oder in der Papiermaschine mit leimartigen Substanzen zu besprühen. Dies erfordert jedoch zusätzlichen Aufwand und bringt nicht immer den erwünschten Erfolg.An important property of paper, in particular so-called graphic papers, is the low dust level. dust is highly undesirable, especially for those subsequent paper finishing operations, as well as at To press. There are dust removal devices for Dedusting of paper. However, it is desirable already to design the paper manufacturing process in such a way that as little dust as possible can occur. A classic The medium is the paper pulp suspension before To glue paper machine, or in the Spraying paper machine with glue-like substances. However, this requires additional effort and does not bring always the desired success.
Die Erfinder haben erkannt, daß der Tragtrommelroller unter gewissen Umständen eine Quelle erheblicher Staubung sein kann. Sie haben nämlich festgestellt, daß gerade dort zwischen der Mantelfläche der Tragtrommel und der diese umschlingenden Papierbahn ein Schlupf auftreten kann, und damit eine Reibung an der der Mantelfläche zugewandten Seite der Papierbahn. Da die Papierbahn an dieser Stelle einen hohen Trockengehalt erreicht hat, der in der Regel bei 97 % liegt, kann es zu einem Abrieb der Papierbahn kommen. Dies ist besonders unangenehm bei gestrichenen Papieren, da dann nämlich der Strich auf der genannten Seite der Papierbahn abgerieben wird, was zu einer Zweiseitigkeit der Papierbahn führt. Auch bei starken gefüllten Papieren, d.h. bei Papieren mit hohem Füllstoffgehalt, kann das Abreiben besonders nachteilig sein.The inventors have recognized that the drum reel under may be a source of significant dust in certain circumstances can. You have just found that there between the outer surface of the carrier drum and this slipping paper web slip can occur, and thus a friction on the facing surface Side of the paper web. Because the paper web at this point has reached a high dry content, which is usually is 97%, the paper web may wear come. This is particularly uncomfortable with painted ones Papers, because then the line on the named Side of the paper web is rubbed off, resulting in a Two-sidedness of the paper web leads. Even with strong ones filled papers, i.e. for papers with high Filler content, rubbing can be particularly disadvantageous be.
Daß ein Bahnschlupf nachteilig ist, war zwar bekannt, wie oben ausgeführt - siehe Druckschrift (2). Die Begünstigung des Staubens durch den Schlupf war jedoch bisher nicht bekannt.It was known how a rail slip is disadvantageous executed above - see publication (2). The favoritism the dust caused by hatching has not yet occurred known.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Entstehen von
Abrieb und Staub am Tragtrommelroller zu vermeiden. Diese
Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von
Anspruch 1 gelöst.The invention has for its object the emergence of
Avoid abrasion and dust on the drum reel. This
Task is characterized by the characteristics of
Durch die Möglichkeit des Positionierens der Anpreßwalze auf einen bestimmten Winkel in Bezug auf die Tragtrommel kann man verschiedenen Papierstärken Rechnung tragen. Dabei ist das Einstellen des richtigen Winkels eine Optimierungsfrage, die sich in der Praxis leicht beantworten läßt.Due to the possibility of positioning the pressure roller at a certain angle with respect to the carrier drum you can take different paper thicknesses into account. Here is setting the correct angle one Optimization question that is easy in practice can answer.
Zwar ist es aus DE 41 34 648 A1 bei einer Wickelmaschine
bekanntgeworden, eine aufzuwickelnde Papierbahn mit einer
freilaufenden Rolle gegen eine Stützwalze 8 anzudrücken.
Dies hat jedoch einen ganz anderen Zweck. Damit soll
nämlich die Zugspannung der Papierbahn vor
Aufwickelstationen unterbrochen werden. Außerdem geht die
Lehre gemäß Anspruch 1 bei der hier vorliegenden Erfindung
über die Offenbarung der genannten Druckschrift hinaus.It is from DE 41 34 648 A1 for a winding machine
became known, a paper web to be wound up with a
press free-running roller against a
Die Erfindung ist anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Der
in Fig. 1 gezeigte Tragtrommelroller befindet sich am Ende
einer hier nicht dargestellten Papiermaschine. Er weist als
wichtigstes Element eine Tragtrommel 1 auf. Der Tragtrommel
ist ein hier nicht gezeigter Antrieb zugeordnet. Man
erkennt ferner einen Tambour 2, der sich im oberen
Scheitelpunkt der Tragtrommel 1 in einer Position I
befindet. Derselbe Tambour läßt sich in eine Position II
verschwenken, in der er gestrichelt dargestellt ist. Das
Verschwenken geschieht durch ein Hebelpaar, das hier nicht
dargestellt ist. Die beiden Hebel befinden sich an den
beiden Stirnseiten der Tragtrommel 1. Sie sind um die Achse
der Tragtrommel 1 verschwenkbar und besitzen an ihren
freien Enden jeweils eine Gabel, die die Achszapfen des
Tambours 2 aufnehmen. In der Position II leistet der
Tambour 2 die eigentliche Aufwickelarbeit.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Of the
Carrier drum roller shown in Fig. 1 is at the end
a paper machine, not shown here. He points as
most important element is a
Die Papierbahn 3 wird aus der - nicht gezeigten -
Trockenpartie der Papiermaschine herausgeführt, umschlingt
zunächst eine Breitstreckwalze 4, läuft sodann in
Pfeilrichtung auf die Mantelfläche der Tragtrommel 1 auf,
und umschlingt die Mantelfläche der Tragtrommel 1 um einen
gewissen Winkel bis zum Erreichen des Tambours 2. In
bekannter Weise beginnt dort der Wickelvorgang, bei welchem
der Bahnanfang der Papierbahn 3 um den Tambour
herumgewickelt wird. Man beachte die Pfeile, die die
Drehrichtung der Tragtrommel 1 und des Tambours 2 zeigen.
Zum Anwickeln wird der Tambour 2 in Umdrehung versetzt, was
aber hier nicht im einzelnen beschrieben werden soll.The paper web 3 is made from the - not shown -
Drying section of the paper machine led out, wrapped around
first an spreader roller 4, then runs in
Arrow direction on the lateral surface of the
Gemäß der Erfindung ist eine Anpresswalze 5 vorgesehen.
Diese ist mit einem Mantelbezug 6 aus verhältnismäßig
weichem Material versehen, beispielsweise Gummi. Die
Anpresswalze 5 ist mittels eines pneumatischen Antriebes 7
und einer Schwenkstange 8 unter wählbarem Druck gegen die
Mantelfläche der Tragtrommel 1 anpressbar. Wie man sieht,
ist die Anpresswalze 6 außerdem noch um den Umfang der
Tragtrommel 1 herum in eine zweite, strichpunktiert
dargestellte Position verschwenkbar. Der Schwenkwinkel 10
beträgt im vorliegenden Falle 30°.According to the invention, a
Die Anpresswalze 6 kann mit einem Antihaftbelag beschichtet
sein. Der Anpressdruck ist frei wählbar, so daß die
Linienkraft zwischen den Mantelflächen der Anpresswalze 5
und der Tragtrommel 1 gleich groß ist wie das Eigengewicht
der Anpresswalze 5, oder kleiner oder größer als dieses
Eigengewicht.The
Ein wichtiges Merkmal besteht darin, daß die Anpresswalze 5
auf dem Umfang der Tragtrommel 1 innerhalb des Winkels 10
positionierbar ist.An important feature is that the
Um ein Einwickeln der Anpresswalze 5 bei Abriß der
Papierbahn 3 zu vermeiden, kann der Mantel 6 der Walze mit
Radialbohrungen versehen sein, durch welche Druckluft nach
außen geblasen werden kann, so daß ein Anhaften der
Papierbahn 3 an der Anpresswalze 5 bzw. an deren Mantel
verhindert wird. Ebenso besteht die Möglichkeit, die
Grenzluftschicht der ankommenden Papierbahn mittels
Unterdrucks abzusaugen.To wrap the
Die Tragtrommel 1 kann ebenfalls einen Gummibezug
aufweisen, außerdem mit Mantelbohrungen versehen sein, die
besaugbar sind, um die Grenzluftschicht der ankommenden
Papierbahn 3 abzusaugen.The carrying
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die
Anpresswalze 5 als Durchbiegungsausgleichswalze gestaltet
sein, so daß der Verlauf der Anpresskraft im Preßspalt
zwischen Anpresswalze 5 und Tragtrommel 1 beliebig
einstellbar ist.In a further embodiment of the
Fig. 2 zeigt wiederum - in vergrößerter Darstellung - einen
Ausschnitt aus der Tragtrommel 1 sowie die Anpresswalze 5.
Alternativ zu dem Anpreßsystem mit pneumatischem Antrieb 7
und Schwenkstange 8 ist hier ein Differentialdrucksystem
dargestellt. Man erkennt ein ortsfestes Gehäuse 20, das
durch eine feste Platte 21 unterteilt ist. Man erkennt
ferner einen Schlitten, bestehend aus einer unteren Platte
22, einer oberen Platte 23 sowie aus Zugankern 24, 25. Die
beiden Zuganker 24, 25 sind durch Bohrungen in der festen
Platte 21 hindurchgeführt, so daß sich der Schlitten auf
und ab zu bewegen vermag, wobei er mittels einer
Schubstange 26 auf die Anpresswalze entsprechend einwirkt.
Die Bewegung wird herbeigeführt durch Bälge 27, 28, die
pneumatisch oder hydraulisch betrieben sein können.Fig. 2 shows - in an enlarged view - one
Section of the
Claims (4)
- A pope reel winder for a paper making machine1.1 with a driveable carrier drum (1)1.2 with, associated with the carrier drum (1), a drum (2) disposed axially parallel with the carrier drum (1) and adapted to pivot around its periphery1.3 with a guide roller (4), for example a broad-drawing roller, disposed upstream of the carrier drum (1)1.4 a pressing roller (5) is associated with the carrier drum (1)1.5 the pressing roller (5) can be pressed against the outer shell of the carrier drum (1) with an adjustable pressure, characterised by the following features:1.6 the pressing roller (5) can be positioned over a specific area of the periphery of the carrier drum (1).
- A pope reel winder according to claim 1, characterised in that the pressing roller (5) has a shell (6) of relatively soft preferably elastic material.
- A pope reel winder according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the shell area of the pressing roller (5) has bores which can be optionally connected to a pressure source or to a source of negative pressure.
- A pope reel winder according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the shell area of the carrier drum (1) has bores which can be connected to source of negative pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4401027A DE4401027C2 (en) | 1994-01-15 | 1994-01-15 | Carrier drum roller for a paper machine |
DE4401027 | 1994-01-15 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0663361A2 EP0663361A2 (en) | 1995-07-19 |
EP0663361A3 EP0663361A3 (en) | 1995-11-08 |
EP0663361B1 true EP0663361B1 (en) | 1998-04-22 |
Family
ID=6507974
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94120632A Expired - Lifetime EP0663361B1 (en) | 1994-01-15 | 1994-12-24 | Pope reel winder for a papermaking machine |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5655730A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0663361B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH07277562A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE165308T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2140230A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE4401027C2 (en) |
FI (1) | FI950163A (en) |
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FI100467B (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1997-12-15 | Valmet Corp | Method and apparatus for web rolling |
DE19848812A1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2000-04-27 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Device to place front end of paper length on reel-spool has placing unit to press paper length to surface of placing roller in front of winding gap |
AT500976B1 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2006-10-15 | Andritz Ag Maschf | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR WINDING A PAPER TRACK |
WO2010041234A1 (en) * | 2008-10-12 | 2010-04-15 | Zeev Sapir | Apparatus and method of winding film |
CH705791A1 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2013-05-31 | Swiss Winding Inventing Ag | A process for producing a package from a web of flexible material, and winders to complete this procedure. |
DE102014004020A1 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-24 | Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG | Angle-adjustable pressure or nip roll |
CN105347085A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-24 | 浙江特美新材料股份有限公司 | Unreeling traction device in tipping paper letterpress printing machine and unreeling traction method of unreeling traction device |
CN107934617B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2024-05-31 | 岳阳旺捷数码产品有限公司 | Film strip winding device |
CN110203734A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-06 | 王蕊 | The integrated wrap-up that wrinkles is removed in a kind of fabric dedusting |
CN113415660B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-10-26 | 南通汇优嘉医用材料有限公司 | Winding device of non-woven fabric |
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-
1994
- 1994-01-15 DE DE4401027A patent/DE4401027C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-24 EP EP94120632A patent/EP0663361B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-24 AT AT94120632T patent/ATE165308T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-01-13 CA CA002140230A patent/CA2140230A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-13 JP JP7004368A patent/JPH07277562A/en active Pending
- 1995-01-13 FI FI950163A patent/FI950163A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1996
- 1996-12-02 US US08/759,322 patent/US5655730A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5655730A (en) | 1997-08-12 |
CA2140230A1 (en) | 1995-07-16 |
ATE165308T1 (en) | 1998-05-15 |
EP0663361A2 (en) | 1995-07-19 |
EP0663361A3 (en) | 1995-11-08 |
DE4401027C2 (en) | 1995-11-09 |
FI950163A (en) | 1995-07-16 |
JPH07277562A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
FI950163A0 (en) | 1995-01-13 |
DE4401027A1 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
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