EP0660343B1 - Transformateur à haute tension et utilisation - Google Patents

Transformateur à haute tension et utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0660343B1
EP0660343B1 EP94114266A EP94114266A EP0660343B1 EP 0660343 B1 EP0660343 B1 EP 0660343B1 EP 94114266 A EP94114266 A EP 94114266A EP 94114266 A EP94114266 A EP 94114266A EP 0660343 B1 EP0660343 B1 EP 0660343B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
transformer
secondary winding
connection end
subjected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94114266A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0660343A1 (fr
Inventor
Volker Scherb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0660343A1 publication Critical patent/EP0660343A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0660343B1 publication Critical patent/EP0660343B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H01F27/363—Electric or magnetic shields or screens made of electrically conductive material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a transformer is known from CH-A-0482 276.
  • EP 0 105 942 B1 discloses a high-voltage transformer with at least one secondary winding embedded in an insulating compound.
  • the object of the present invention is to take measures which reduce the electrical stress on these insulating materials, in particular in critical pressure ranges. This object is achieved by the measures according to claim 1.
  • the further claims show further developments or advantageous uses.
  • High-voltage transformers for space applications must meet special requirements.
  • switching regulators with downstream high-voltage transformers and rectifier elements are used as well Voltage multiplier stages used.
  • the switching regulators are operated with relatively high switching frequencies - 10 kHz to 100 kHz - so that the weight of the inductors, capacitors and core material can be kept low. Due to the relatively high switching frequencies, permanent glow discharges occur in the Paschen minimum, especially in the intermediate pressure range between atmospheric pressure and space conditions (vacuum) at low AC voltages (250 V at 20 kHz switching frequency).
  • the uppermost winding layer of the secondary winding itself acts as a shield and prevents glow discharges.
  • the top layer is on a "quiet", ie high DC potential.
  • the layer voltage AC voltage of the top layer
  • the voltage limit for which the glow discharge is used 250 V at 20 kHz. Since glow discharges only occur with alternating voltages, the electrical load on the insulation is minimal in the critical pressure range. Only so-called electrodeless discharges occur there, but they are not as energy-rich as, for example, glow discharges.
  • the thickness of the casting or insulating compound need not be chosen to be greater than in the case of a high-voltage transformer, without the measures according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of an embodiment of the high-voltage transformer according to the invention in a sectional view.
  • the cylindrical transformer core KE is surrounded by a primary winding w1, which is embedded in insulating material.
  • a metallic screen S1 is placed around this primary winding w 1. It is conductively connected to a transformer housing or base SO.
  • the main insulation layer HW for example Makrolon cast in epoxy resin, is located above this metallic screen.
  • the main insulation layer is surrounded by the secondary winding or w2.
  • several secondary windings are provided, which are each housed in winding chambers K of a winding support WT.
  • the individual layer windings LW of the secondary windings w2, which are arranged concentrically to the core KE, are embedded together with the winding carrier in the insulating compound IM, or are potted therewith.
  • the thickness of the insulating compound IM depends on the specified service life of the high-voltage transformer. It can be taken from a life curve for the material of the insulating compound.
  • connection ends 1, 2 of the secondary winding w2 are led out of the insulating compound IM and on rectifier elements - Diodes D1, D2 and smoothing capacitors C1, C2 -, which are arranged on a circuit board LP, connected.
  • the rectifier elements are connected together as a voltage doubler stage (FIG. 2).
  • the rectifier circuit can also consist of only one diode and one smoothing capacitor.
  • that connection end of the secondary winding w2 - in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 the connection end 1 - which has a low DC voltage load is shielded.
  • the DC voltage which is subjected to higher DC stresses - in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
  • connection end 2 - is unshielded and consists of a simple high-voltage wire, ie of a conductor with thin insulation, which should be vacuum-tight due to its use in space.
  • a shrinked jumper wire can be used.
  • the shielding SI of the connection end 1 can be realized by using a coaxial line.
  • the shield SI or the outer shield conductor is connected to the connection end 2 which is subjected to a higher DC voltage. This measure ensures that the uppermost winding layer of the secondary winding w2 facing outwards is at "quiet", ie at a high DC potential of, for example, 2 KV.
  • the uppermost winding layer acts as a shield and prevents external glow discharges, especially in the critical pressure range (Paschen minimum).
  • the insulating compound IM of the secondary winding w2 is subjected to a relatively low electrical load. This means that a longer dwell time in the critical pressure range can be permitted or the service life can be increased with the same dwell time. The susceptibility to faults is also reduced. The prerequisite for this is that the AC voltage drop at the uppermost winding layer does not meet the threshold value for the occurrence of glow discharges exceeds. For an AC voltage with a frequency of 20 kHz, this threshold is 250 V.
  • the shield SI or the shield conductor of the coaxial line 1, 1 ' is led at least to the printed circuit board LP or a potting compound surrounding it.
  • the line end 1 ' is at ground potential, e.g. connected to the housing or base SO of the high-voltage transformer.
  • connection end 2 i.e. the connection end of the lowest layer winding
  • the connection end 2 is led out of the winding chamber K in a chamber area KB which is separate from the rest of the winding chamber K, in order also to avoid flashovers or discharges, since this connection end has a potential difference of, for example, up to 250 in relation to each winding layer V can have.
  • the separation of the chamber area KB can, as shown in Fig. 1, be realized by an additional web on the chamber support WT, which has a hole for the connection end 1 at the chamber bottom.
  • the primary winding w1 is supplied with a voltage of 45 V, for example, via a switching regulator of rectangular pulses in the range from 10 to 100 kHz.
  • the rectified voltage at the series connection of the capacitors C1, C2 is, for example, 4 kV depending on the transmission ratio.
  • the end point of line 1, 1 ' is set to ground potential.
  • a further secondary winding with rectifier elements can be connected to the connection point 3.
  • the DC output voltage can be increased to increase the total voltage or lead to further high voltage consumers, for example to different electrodes of a traveling wave tube.
  • the connection ends of the various secondary windings w2 must be interconnected, for example in accordance with the circuit diagram in FIG. 3. That or the DC voltage higher load / n connection ends of the secondary winding w2 unshielded.
  • the shielding of a DC end with a low load is connected to the inner coaxial cable of the same or a next secondary winding w2.
  • the coaxial lines only need to be thinly insulated since the field strength load is low according to the measures of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Transformateur comportant un enroulement secondaire (w2) muni d'au moins un élément redresseur (D1, D2, C1, C2), l'extrémité de branchement (1) de l'enroulement secondaire (w2) soumise à la tension continue la plus faible est protégée par un blindage (SI), et le blindage (SI) de cette extrémité (1) la plus faiblement sollicitée de l'enroulement secondaire (w2), est relié à une autre extrémité de branchement de l'enroulement secondaire (w2) qui est sollicitée par un potentiel de tension continue plus élevé,
    caractérisé en ce que
    • le transformateur est un transformateur à haute tension dont l'enroulement secondaire (w2) est noyé dans la masse isolante (IM), et
    • l'extrémité de branchement (2) la plus fortement sollicitée du point de vue de la tension continue n'est pas blindée et est formée par un cordon haute tension.
  2. Transformateur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les éléments redresseurs (D1, D2, C1, C2) sont montés sur une plaque de circuit imprimé (LP), et le blindage (SI) est conduit au moins jusqu'à la plaque de circuit imprimé (LP) ou une masse coulée (VM) qui l'entoure.
  3. Application du transformateur selon la revendication 1 ou 2 pour le minimum de Paschen notamment pendant la phase de lancement d'un satellite.
  4. Application du transformateur selon les revendications 1 à 3 pour des conditions de fonctionnement dans l'espace.
  5. Transformateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que
    pour l'alimentation du transformateur à haute tension, il est prévu du côté primaire un régulateur de commutation fournissant des impulsions rectangulaires comprises entre 10 et 100 kHz.
  6. Application du transformateur selon l'une des revendications 1, 2, 3, 5 pour alimenter un tube à ondes progressives d'un satellite.
EP94114266A 1993-12-23 1994-09-10 Transformateur à haute tension et utilisation Expired - Lifetime EP0660343B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4344185A DE4344185A1 (de) 1993-12-23 1993-12-23 Hochspannungstransformator sowie Verwendung
DE4344185 1993-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0660343A1 EP0660343A1 (fr) 1995-06-28
EP0660343B1 true EP0660343B1 (fr) 1997-07-23

Family

ID=6506018

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94114266A Expired - Lifetime EP0660343B1 (fr) 1993-12-23 1994-09-10 Transformateur à haute tension et utilisation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0660343B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4344185A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012016225A1 (de) 2012-08-14 2014-03-13 Jürgen Blum Elektro-Feldenergie auf der Basis von zweidimensionalen Elektronensystemen, mit der Energiemasse in dem koaxialen Leitungs- und Spulensystem des koaxialen Generators und Transformators

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH373598A (it) * 1959-06-26 1963-11-30 Magneti Marelli Spa Dispositivo di schermaggio di una bobina d'accensione, particolarmente di moto e autoveicoli
CH482276A (de) * 1968-05-15 1969-11-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Ubertrager unipolarer Steuerimpulse für Thyristoren
BE756802A (fr) * 1969-09-29 1971-03-29 Siemens Ag Dispositif pour la suppression des parasites de l'alimentation en courant continu dans des dispositifs sans la liaison de potentiel
EP0105942B1 (fr) * 1982-10-08 1987-01-07 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Dispositif générateur de hautes tensions continues

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4344185A1 (de) 1995-06-29
EP0660343A1 (fr) 1995-06-28
DE59403456D1 (de) 1997-08-28

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