EP0660338A1 - Dauermagnetmaterial aus hochkoerzitiven Pr-Co Legierung und dünn-schicht Dauermagnetmaterial und Herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Dauermagnetmaterial aus hochkoerzitiven Pr-Co Legierung und dünn-schicht Dauermagnetmaterial und Herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0660338A1
EP0660338A1 EP94120423A EP94120423A EP0660338A1 EP 0660338 A1 EP0660338 A1 EP 0660338A1 EP 94120423 A EP94120423 A EP 94120423A EP 94120423 A EP94120423 A EP 94120423A EP 0660338 A1 EP0660338 A1 EP 0660338A1
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Prior art keywords
coercive force
alloy
permanent magnet
magnet material
remainder
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EP94120423A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kiyoshi Watanabe
Masato 505 Kamisugi Mansion Watanabe
Takafumi Nakayama
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Research Institute for Electromagnetic Materials
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Research Institute for Electromagnetic Materials
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/0555Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0556Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together pressed
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/0555Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0557Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F10/00Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
    • H01F10/08Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
    • H01F10/10Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
    • H01F10/12Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys
    • H01F10/126Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys containing rare earth metals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a permanent magnet material of an alloy prepared by compacting or injection molding a powder consisting essentially of Pr and Co and inevitable impurities, and further containing as a secondary component selected from the group consisting of B, C, Fe, Cu, W, Ti, Ce and Sm, and thereafter heating and sintering, and of a sputtered thin film consisting of the same components and concentration, and thereafter heating, and a method of manufacturing the same, and aims to provide a small and strong permanent magnet material having extremely large coercive force.
  • Fe-Pt Fe-Pt, Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Fe-N alloys, compounds and the like have been discovered and remarkably developed.
  • a small permanent magnet material having high coercive force according to the present invention is considered to be applied to magnetic recording media, and bias magnetic field supplying element of minute electromagnetic actuator or magneto-resistant head.
  • PrCo5 permanent magnet material has been discovered together with SmCo5 magnet material substantially at the same time in the 1970's, and both crystalline structures belong to a CaCu5 (hexagonal lattice) type.
  • SmCo5 compound is extremely well-known by exhibiting excellent properties, while the PrCo5 compound has an advantageous conditions such as high saturation magnetization, but is low in coercive force (J. MMM 94 (1991) 57) such as 590 kA/m at the highest (J. Less-Common Metals 148 (1989) 67) as a rare earth magnet and is not yet practically used.
  • coercive force J. MMM 94 (1991) 57
  • the cause of low coercive force as understood from the equilibrium diagram of a Pr-Co alloy shown in Fig. 1, is considered that the compound (rhombohedral system) of Pr5Co19 adjacent to PrCo5 has soft magnetic properties,which prevent high coercive force.
  • the present invention has been studied over a wide composition range from 15 to 30 at% Pr in the Pr-Co system in which containing compounds of PrCo5, Pr5Co19, Pr2Co7 and PrCo3.
  • 2-10 times larger value than the conventional coercive force is obtained by finely grinding these compounds into 1-20 ⁇ m in a ball mill, compacting or injection molding as they are, and further heat treating the resulting molded products (Symposium summary of Nippon Kinzoku Gakkai (1993) 181), and from these results, the relationship between permanent magnet properties and compositions of a Pr-Co alloy is shown in Table 1 and Fig. 2.
  • Table 2 Composition at% Heating temperature and time Magnet properties Pr Co iHc (kA/m) Br (T) (BH) max (KJ/m3) 16.7 83.3 compacting 430 0.60 37 850°C 1 h 278 0.54 19 18.5 81.5 compacting 455 0.78 47 850°C 1 h 1220 0.82 110 19.5 80.5 compacting 450 0.70 42 850°C 1 h 1350 0.75 103 21.0 79.0 compacting 450 0.67 39 850°C 1 h 1300 0.70 85 23.0 77.0 compacting 445 0.63 36 850°C 1 h 1270 0.64 72 25.0 75.0 850°C 1 h 955 0.48 27 27.0 73.0 900°C 1 h 635 0.35 9
  • Table 2 Composition at% Substrate temperature Heating temperature and duration Magnetic properties Pr Co iHc (kA/m) Br (T) (BH) max (KJ/m
  • the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet material having ultrahigh coercive force of higher than 1200 kA/m by compacting or injection molding an alloy powder having a composition from PrCo5 to PrCo3 and heating a thin film having the equal composition formed on a substrate or forming a film on a heated substrate.
  • the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet material having a high coercive force which cannot be obtained before, and characteristics of the present invention are as follows.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet material of Pr-Co alloy having a high coercive force, wherein said Pr-Co alloy consists essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr, the remainder Co and inevitable impurities, and have more than 80 kA/m of coercive force.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet material of Pr-Co alloy having a high coercive force, wherein said Pr-Co alloy consists essentially of 19.5-30 at% of Pr, the remainder Co and inevitable impurities, and have more than 80 kA/m of coercive force.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet material of Pr-Co alloy having a high coercive force, wherein said Pr-Co alloy consists essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr, the remainder Co and inevitable impurities, and at least one element selected from the groups consisting of 0.1-8 at% of B, C, Si, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, W and Pt and 0.1-5 at% of O, Al, Ti, Y, Ph, Pd, La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Dy and Au as a secondary component, and have more than 80 kA/m of coercive force.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet material of Pr-Co alloy having a high coercive force, wherein said Pr-Co alloy consists essentially of 15-30 at% or Pr, the remainder Co and inevitable impurities, and at least one element selected from the groups consisting of 0.1-8 at% of B, C, Fe, Cu and W and 0.1-5 at% of Ti, Ce and Sm as a secondary component, and have more than 80 kA/m of coercive force.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet material of Pr-Co alloy having a high coercive force, wherein said Pr-Co alloy consists essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr, the remainder Co and inevitable impurities, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.1-8 at% of B, C, Fe, Cu and W and 0.1-5 at% of Ti, Ce and Sm as a secondary component, and have more than 80 kA/m of coercive force.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a thin film magnet material of Pr-Co alloy having a high coercive force, wherein said thin film of Pr-Co alloy consists essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr and the remainder Co and inevitable impurities, and has more than 80 kA/m of coercive force.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a thin film magnet material of Pr-Co alloy having a high coercive force, wherein said thin film of Pr-Co alloy consists essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr and the remainder Co and inevitable impurities, and at least one element of 0.1-8 at% of B, C, Fe, Cu and W and 0.1-5 at% of Ti, Ce and Sm as a secondary component, and has more than 80 kA/m of coercive force.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a permanent magnet material of Pr-Co alloy having a high coercive force, wherein said Pr-Co alloy powder comprises finely grinding an alloy consisting essentially of 15-30 at% and the remainder Co and inevitable impurities into 1-20 ⁇ m in a ball mill for 5-30 hours, and comprises mechanical alloying a blend consisting of the equal components of metals coarse grain, finely powdering the thus ground powder, compacting or pressure molding in a magnetic field or injection molding it, and further heat treating or sintering at 300-1180°C.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a permanent magnet material of Pr-Co alloy having a high coercive force, wherein said Pr-Co alloy powder comprises finely grinding an alloy consisting essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr and the remainder Co and inevitable impurities as main component, and as a secondary component, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.1-8 at% of B, C, Fe, Cu and W and 0.1-5 at% of Ti, Ce and Sm into 1-20 ⁇ m in a ball mill for 5-30 hours, and comprises mechanical alloying a blend consisting of the equal components of metals coarse grain, finely powdering the thus ground powder, compacting or pressure molding in a magnetic field or injection molding it, and further heat treating and sintering at 300-1180°C.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a permanent magnet material of a high coercive force, wherein Pr-Co alloy comprising forming a film of an alloy consisting essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr and the remainder Co and inevitable impurities on a substrate at a room temperature in an atmosphere of at least one sputtering gas of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, krypton and xenon, heating the film to 300-800°C or forming the film onto the substrate heated at 300-800°C, and having more than 80 kA/m of coercive force.
  • Pr-Co alloy comprising forming a film of an alloy consisting essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr and the remainder Co and inevitable impurities on a substrate at a room temperature in an atmosphere of at least one sputtering gas of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, krypton and xenon, heating the film to 300-800°C or forming the film onto the substrate heated at 300-800°C, and having
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a permanent magnet material of a high coercive force, wherein Pr-Co thin film comprises forming a film of an alloy consisting essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr and the remainder Co and inevitable impurities, as a secondary component, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.1-8 at% of B, C,Fe, Cu and W and 0.1-5 at% Ti, Ce and Sm on a substrate at room temperature in an atmosphere of at least one sputtering gas of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, krypton and xenon, heating the film to 300-800°C or forming the film onto the substrate heated at 300-800°C, and having more than 80 kA/m of coercive force.
  • Pr-Co thin film comprises forming a film of an alloy consisting essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr and the remainder Co and inevitable impurities, as a secondary component, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.1-8 at% of B,
  • mechanical alloying means a phenomenon that a blend consisting of coarse grain metallic elements are alloying and changing crystal structure to amorphous or other crystal structure by finely grinding for a long time of about 30-100 hours in a ball mill.
  • the present invention relates to a powder permanent magnet of a Pr-Co alloy consisting essentially of 15-30 at% of Pr and the remainder Co and inevitable impurities, and this composition consists essentially of a compound having a crystal structure of hexagonal PrCo5 or Pr2Co7, to which a small amount of a rhombohedral Pr5Co19, PrCo3 phase is added.
  • PrCo5 (16.7 at% Pr) does not exhibit high coercive force by mixing a small amount of Pr5Co19 with a PrCo5 phase, but the present invention can obtain superhigh coercive force in the above composition range including an alloy composition of Pr5Co19 (20.8 at% Pr).
  • alloys formed by arc melting or high frequency induction melting is roughly ground, thereafter ground in a ball mill for more than 5 hours and finely ground into about 1-20 ⁇ m, or coarse powders of respective metals weighed in an alloy composition aimed at are finely powdered by mechanical alloying and the thus obtained fine powders are compacted under pressure of 1-10 t/cm2 or injection molded in a magnetic field of more than 400 kA/m, or thereafter heated or sintered at 300-1180°C for 10 minutes to 10 hours, thereby obtaining a superhigh coercive permanent magnet material.
  • an alloy thin film containing 15-30 at% of Pr and remainder Co and inevitable impurities, and a thin film of an alloy containing as a secondary element 0.1-8 at%, more preferably 0.1-5 at%, of at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, C, Fe, Cu and W or Ti, Ce and Sm and the remainder Co are preferably deposited onto a quartz or glass substrate at room temperature and heated at 300-800°C, or deposited onto a substrate heated to 300-800°C.
  • Fig. 1 is a phase diagram of a Pr-Co alloy system.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between properties and compositions of permanent magnet of a Pr-Co alloy and compounds of PrCo5, Pr5Co19, Pr2Co7 and PrCo3.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the high coercive force of alloy obtained by Schweizer et al (1971) and the temperature of heat treatment and comparison with that of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of demagnetization curves of typical 18 at% Pr-2 at% Ti-80 at% Co, 17 at% Pr-3 at% Cu-80 at% Co and 17 at% Pr-3 at% Ce-80 at% Co permanent magnet materials adding 19.5 at% Pr-80.5 at% Co and secondary components thereto.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between a secondary component X x in case of (20-x) at% Pr-x at% X-80 at% Co and magnetic properties.
  • a permanent magnet material of the composition described in the present invention can easily be obtained by mechanical alloying, and this method does not require to be solubilized.
  • the magnet (B) which is 23 at% Pr-Co alloy.
  • Pr-Co binary alloy as a main component and typical 18 at% Pr-2 at% Ti-80 at% Co, 17 at% Pr-3 at% Cu-80 at% Co, 17 at% Pr-3 at% Ce-80 at% Co alloys as secondary components were arc melted, charged into a ball mill with argon gas, thereafter finely ground for 10 hours to form fine powder of 1-20 ⁇ m, and compacted under a pressure of 5 t/cm2 in a magnetic field of 800 kA/m, heated at 800-900°C for 1 hour, applied to a pulse magnetic field of 4000 kA/m, then the demagnetization curves thus measured was compared with the result of binary 19.5 at% Pr-80.5 at% Co alloy and shown in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 5 shows the relationship between atomic % of secondary components as (20-x) at% Pr-x at% X-80 at% Co (X is a secondary component) and coercive force and residual flux density, respectively.
  • a Pr-Co alloy was formed into a film by rf-magnetron sputtering method.
  • a target is a composite type arranged Pr chip on a Co plate.
  • the number of the Pr chips were changed to make composition 19.5 at% Pr-80.5 at% Co alloy.
  • the chamber was evacuated to high vacuum condition at first, then filled with sputtering gas in atmosphere having a pressure of 5 mTorr. Thereafter, the sputtering was carried out for forming thin films at an applied power of 50 W.
  • quartz (SiO2) was used, and substrate temperature was 650-700°C. When it is measured by a micromagnetometer, there was obtained a superhigh coercive force of more than 1200 kA/m in substantially the same manner as in the alloy powder magnet.
  • the present invention provides a permanent magnet of Pr-Co alloy having extremely high coercive force, which has never been observed as permanent magnet, obtained by compacting a fine powder of 1-20 ⁇ m of Pr-Co alloy, or by mechanical alloying a fine powder, heat-treating and sintering, or by forming into a thin film having the same component, thereby exhibiting industrially large effects such as extremely high coercive force and improving high efficiency of permanent magnetic properties.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
EP94120423A 1993-12-27 1994-12-22 Dauermagnetmaterial aus hochkoerzitiven Pr-Co Legierung und dünn-schicht Dauermagnetmaterial und Herstellungsverfahren Withdrawn EP0660338A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP332969/93 1993-12-27
JP5332969A JPH07192907A (ja) 1993-12-27 1993-12-27 高保磁力Pr−Co系合金の永久磁石材料及び薄膜の永久磁石材料並びにその製造方法

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015054953A1 (zh) * 2013-10-16 2015-04-23 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 稀土永磁体及其制备方法
CN107604211A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2018-01-19 桂林电子科技大学 一种LaPrCo磁性微波吸波材料及其制备方法
CN113502452A (zh) * 2021-07-12 2021-10-15 深圳市阿尔法材料科技有限公司 一种TaN-稀土复合涂层及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4924153B2 (ja) * 2007-03-30 2012-04-25 Tdk株式会社 磁性材料及びこれを用いた磁石

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5633806A (en) * 1979-08-29 1981-04-04 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Preparation of rare-earth magnet
JPS60197843A (ja) * 1984-03-17 1985-10-07 Namiki Precision Jewel Co Ltd 永久磁石合金
JPH05156397A (ja) * 1991-12-05 1993-06-22 Mitsubishi Materials Corp 希土類コバルト1−5系永久磁石合金

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5633806A (en) * 1979-08-29 1981-04-04 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Preparation of rare-earth magnet
JPS60197843A (ja) * 1984-03-17 1985-10-07 Namiki Precision Jewel Co Ltd 永久磁石合金
JPH05156397A (ja) * 1991-12-05 1993-06-22 Mitsubishi Materials Corp 希土類コバルト1−5系永久磁石合金

Non-Patent Citations (6)

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Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 101, no. 12, 17 September 1984, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 102690w, W.WALLACE ET AL: "praseodymium-cobalt (PrCo5)permanent magnets" page 747; column 2; *
DATABASE WPI Week 8121, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 81-37054 *
N.TERADA ET AL, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS., vol. 57, no. 8, April 1985 (1985-04-01), NEW YORK US, pages 4170 - 4172 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 10, no. 56 (C - 331) 6 March 1986 (1986-03-06) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 17, no. 554 (C - 1118) 6 October 1993 (1993-10-06) *
PROC.INT.WORKSHOP RARE EARTH-COBALT PERM.MAGNETS THEIR APPL.1983,7TH 239-45(GB) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015054953A1 (zh) * 2013-10-16 2015-04-23 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 稀土永磁体及其制备方法
CN104575920B (zh) * 2013-10-16 2018-01-19 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 稀土永磁体及其制备方法
CN107604211A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2018-01-19 桂林电子科技大学 一种LaPrCo磁性微波吸波材料及其制备方法
CN113502452A (zh) * 2021-07-12 2021-10-15 深圳市阿尔法材料科技有限公司 一种TaN-稀土复合涂层及其制备方法

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