EP0659935B1 - Process and apparatus for providing security paper with security elements - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for providing security paper with security elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0659935B1
EP0659935B1 EP94120572A EP94120572A EP0659935B1 EP 0659935 B1 EP0659935 B1 EP 0659935B1 EP 94120572 A EP94120572 A EP 94120572A EP 94120572 A EP94120572 A EP 94120572A EP 0659935 B1 EP0659935 B1 EP 0659935B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
feature
paper web
feature substance
paper
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94120572A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0659935A3 (en
EP0659935A2 (en
Inventor
Dr. Thomas Attenberger
Dieter Stein
Dr. Gerhard Stentel
Dr. Wilhelm Ilgmann
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0659935A2 publication Critical patent/EP0659935A2/en
Publication of EP0659935A3 publication Critical patent/EP0659935A3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for equipping Securities with authenticity features in which at least a feature substance in the course of papermaking on a moving, still wet paper web is applied, in particular a paper web for the production of securities, and a suitable device.
  • the invention also relates to a security produced in this way.
  • Securities in the sense of the invention are banknotes, passports, Check forms, shares, certificates, stamps, Air tickets and the like.
  • the simplifying term "Security paper” or "security” therefore closes always include documents of the type mentioned below.
  • GB-A-696 673 describes a process for the production of securities known to have authenticity features in Form of color samples inside a paper web generated that in the pulp of a one-cylinder rotary screen machine at a point where the leaf formation about halfway through, a dye, Pigment or an ink in solution or suspension in the resulting nonwoven is injected.
  • a dye, Pigment or an ink in solution or suspension in the resulting nonwoven is injected.
  • the currents and vortices that are in one rotating rotary screen machine are exposed.
  • the resulting mixture of the introduced Characteristic substances with the pulp leads to the fact that the pulp homogeneously with the injected with increasing time Dye is enriched or colored, so that the resulting paper finally in its entirety dyed or provided with feature substances becomes.
  • GB-A-643 430 also describes a method for Production of a paper web known, which is provided with watermarks.
  • a paper web known, which is provided with watermarks.
  • To create the possibly colored watermark use the resulting web of a Fourdrinier machine guided an endless metal belt, that is at the same speed as the resulting paper web emotional.
  • the metal band is with cutouts in the shape of the desired Watermark.
  • Dyes on the inside of the metal band will now be the watermark in that the dye is produced only in the areas of the recesses can knock down on the paper web.
  • This procedure is with suffers from the disadvantage that, on the one hand, the application of certain shapes can only be done by stencils and secondly the dyes Solvent can be fed to the moist paper web so that the paper web is additionally moistened at these points.
  • DE-A-1 950 400 concentrates chemically modified clay particles deposited on the surface of a wet paper web.
  • the clay particles are charged electrostatically and blown into a chamber, where they form a unified cloud. Through electrostatic attraction the clay particles from the cloud become uniform and in high concentration deposited on the paper surface.
  • DE-A-35 25 138 describes a process for the production of plastic coated cardboard described on the still damp paper sheet applied a continuous layer of dry plastic powder becomes.
  • the plastic coating and the paper felt are pressed together and dried together.
  • Spray gun fed and the powder through the compressed air in high Blown out concentration and only very roughly controllable.
  • the object of the present invention is a security and a method and an apparatus to propose for its manufacture, in the feature substances locally in a defined form and concentration can be introduced to a limited extent without the fiber structure of the paper is visibly changed.
  • the basic idea of the invention is that in one first process step is a powder form Feature substance mixed with a gas in this way is that agglomerates of feature particles disintegrate easily and that the particles are then defined in a more homogeneous manner Concentration in the gas is present and maintained.
  • a second process step it is still wet The web is loaded with the mixture via a nozzle in such a way that the feature particles in the free gas jet with a relatively sharply defined scatter cone on the security hit.
  • concentration of the feature in the paper go as adjustable parameters in addition to the feature concentration the time throughput through the nozzle, the average Particle size, the average fiber length of the paper, the place of introduction or the water content the paper web as well as the speed of the running paper web.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a circular screen paper machine, as typically used for the production of security papers is used.
  • a paper web 3 formed by removed from a take-off felt 6 and transported away becomes.
  • the gas / feature mixture is in a unit 4, which will be discussed in more detail later and via a pipe system 8, a distribution and control system 5 led to the nozzles 7.
  • a distribution and control system 5 led to the nozzles 7.
  • Out of the nozzles the mixture exits at high speed, causing the feature substance on the still wet at this point Paper web arrives.
  • the components mentioned and in particular the nozzles can be in different places be installed in the production process.
  • the highly schematic Arrangement in Fig. 1 only sets Example.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of FIG. 1 in the area the nozzle opening.
  • the distance A from the Nozzle opening to the paper web should be observed, becomes essential by the exit speed of the gas and the shape and size of the feature substance. It is important to note that the Distance is chosen at least so large that a Damage to the paper web from the flowing out Gas / feature mixture is excluded. At an exit speed between 100 and 300 m / s and one Particle size between 0.1 and 20 ⁇ m is for the distance A set a value between 0.5 and 5 cm. Next compliance with this maximum distance is beyond to take into account that the distance at least so must be large that any existing at this point Movement of the paper web perpendicular to the direction of transport does not result in contact of the web with the nozzle, that could easily clog.
  • the nozzle and the specified distance A is guaranteed that the particles hit the Impact paper web that ensures safe storage in the Paper guaranteed.
  • the impact speed of the Particles can vary depending on particle size and nozzle configuration up to 200 m / s. A visible change the paper web is still on the one hand because of the low Size of the particles and secondly because of the small Avoid concentration of particles in the gas stream.
  • All materials are suitable as feature substances can be made in powder form and visually or are recognizable by machine, i.e. a physically measurable one or have a detectable effect.
  • dyes such substances are particularly suitable, the fluorescent, magnetic or electrical Properties or a combination of these properties exhibit.
  • the unit 4, with the help of the gas / feature mixture can be generated, for example, in a so-called fluidized bed generator exist, which is shown schematically in Fig. 3 is.
  • the basic functioning of a fluid bed generator is z.
  • a storage container 14 there is a Reservoir of the feature powder 15.
  • the coarse material lies in a so-called aerosol chamber 18 19, which preferably consists of spherical particles, whose size is chosen so that it does not match the existing Columns 38 of the wall 16 still have the pores of the partially permeable Wall 17 can penetrate.
  • a conveyor 20 for example as a chain or screw conveyor can be carried out, the feature substance the coarse material in small doses constantly fed.
  • Aerosol chamber fed a gas stream 21 of an inert gas, so that, on the one hand, agglomerates of the feature substances grated on the coarse material and crushed and on the other the shredded feature substances through the gas flow in the pipe system 8 are passed.
  • the coarse material is chosen so that it cannot get into the pipe system 8 due to its own weight due to the applied gas stream 21.
  • the feature substance on the other hand, is torn upwards by the gas stream and leaves the fluidized bed generator with the gas in a homogeneous distribution and predetermined concentration.
  • the delivery capacity of the chain or screw conveyor are also available as parameters for setting the concentration of the feature substance in the gas.
  • a large range of concentrations of the feature in the gas can be generated in unit 4. This typically ranges from 5 mg / m 3 to 50 g / m 3 and is essentially determined by the delivery rate of the chain or screw feeder.
  • the coarse material which shows practically no abrasion, so that no foreign particles are introduced into the paper with the feature substances.
  • the coarse material is selected from the same material from which the feature substance is made, that is to say it differs only in the grain size from the feature substance to be introduced. It has also been shown that such coarse material can also be used as those which are added to the pulp during their production, such as crystalline whitening agents.
  • the coarse material When selecting the coarse material, however, it must always be ensured that substances are used that have at least the same hardness as the feature substances, so that the abrasion on the coarse material is as low as possible and at the same time agglomerates of the feature powder are broken down by impacts with the coarse material.
  • gases which are inert with regard to the feature powder and the coarse material, ie which do not undergo a chemical reaction with them. Nitrogen, argon and air are particularly suitable.
  • the fluidized bed generator at a suitable one Place with a vibration generating vibration motor to provide.
  • this measure reduces the Probability of feature particles at all deposit on the walls and leads to the other that already deposited feature particles from the Can solve walls.
  • the vibration generation e.g. B. electric or pneumatic vibrators, compressed air interval knockers or similar in question.
  • the vibrator used should be in a frequency range operated between 20 and 150 Hz.
  • the vibrator can be used at any point on the fluid bed generator be attached outside. He broadcasts then the vibrations generated on the housing.
  • the coupling of an interval knocker to the base plate the fluidized bed generator is possible and has above addition the advantage that a much larger part of the System can be brought into vibration.
  • the nozzle 7 can be replaced by a plurality of nozzles.
  • a device is attached which enables selectively control individual nozzles, so that one by the number of nozzles and the other by the ability to control each nozzle individually, d. H. to open or close, there is a possibility on the paper web the feature substance in the form of a coding to apply.
  • the process sequence is shown schematically in FIG. 4.
  • the feature substance arrives from a storage container 30 into a homogenizer 4, the fine feature particle generated and this with a gas in the desired adjustable concentration.
  • the homogeneous mixture arrives via a distributor 5 or several nozzles 7, a control unit also being present can be the opening of the nozzles individually or can also control in groups.
  • a measuring unit 35 which is the actual concentration of the Feature substance in the gas or another relevant for this Size detected, it is possible to set a control signal generate, based on which a control unit 36 the feed of the feature substance from the storage container or directly the changeable parameters of the homogenizer influenced, so that deviations from the set Gas / feature concentration can be compensated.
  • the concentration can be measured at various points, e.g. B. in Homogenizer, at the nozzle outlet or in the distributor.
  • the homogeneous gas / feature mixture is supplied then if necessary via a distributor and under Influence of a nozzle control on one or more nozzles, from which the feature particles together with the gas flow exit at high speed, the exit speed the feature particle under that of the Gases is.
  • the exit velocity can be adjusted through the nozzles of the feature particles. This must be so be chosen that the speed of the particles is still big enough when it hits the paper web, to penetrate the particles into the paper web or to ensure that the particles adhere to the surface.
  • the web of the usual processing such. B. glue, drying or Gautschen subjected.
  • this after-treatment process becomes quality of the security increased.
  • those feature particles removed from the web that only weakly adhere to it. After gluing they are Feature substances finally fixed in their position and as defines applied particles on their respective physical Properties can be checked.

Abstract

In a process for providing security papers with authenticity features, a homogeneous mixture of a feature material which is present in powder form and a gas in a defined concentration is produced. This mixture is ejected at high velocity from at least one nozzle arranged at a predetermined distance from the paper web and is transferred to the running paper web. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ausstattung von Wertpapieren mit Echtheitsmerkmalen, bei dem mindestens ein Merkmalsstoff im Zuge der Papierherstellung auf eine sich bewegende, noch nasse Papierbahn aufgebracht wird, insbesondere eine Papierbahn zur Herstellung von Wertpapieren, und eine dazu geeignete Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a method for equipping Securities with authenticity features in which at least a feature substance in the course of papermaking on a moving, still wet paper web is applied, in particular a paper web for the production of securities, and a suitable device.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein derart hergestelltes Wertpapier.The invention also relates to a security produced in this way.

Wertpapiere im Sinne der Erfindung sind Banknoten, Pässe, Scheckformulare, Aktien, Urkunden, Briefmarken, Flugscheine und ähnliches. Die vereinfachende Benennung "Sicherheitspapier" oder "Wertpapier" schließt deshalb im folgenden stets Dokumente der genannten Art mit ein.Securities in the sense of the invention are banknotes, passports, Check forms, shares, certificates, stamps, Air tickets and the like. The simplifying term "Security paper" or "security" therefore closes always include documents of the type mentioned below.

Derartige Dokumente von hohem Wert müssen in Bezug auf ihre Originalität und Herkunft einwandfrei identifizierbar sein, weil ihr Materialwert nur Bruchteile des Handelswertes ausmacht. Die Identifizierbarkeit wird u.a. durch besondere, nur für den Echtheitsnachweis verwendete Kennzeichen erreicht. Im Idealfall sind diese Echtheitskennzeichen nicht oder nur mit sehr großem Aufwand nachahmbar und nicht verfälschbar. Ihr Vorhandensein in der vorgesehenen Form garantiert deshalb die Echtheit des Sicherheitspapiers. Je näher ein Echtheitsmerkmal an das Ideal "nicht verfälschbar" und "nicht nachahmbar" heranreicht, um so größer ist sein Wert für die Echtheitssicherung.Such documents of high value need to be related to their originality and origin can be clearly identified be because their material value is only a fraction of the commercial value matters. The identifiability is among other things through special, used only for the proof of authenticity License plate reached. Ideally, these are authenticity marks not or only with great effort imitable and not falsifiable. Your presence in The intended form therefore guarantees authenticity of the security paper. The closer to an authenticity feature the ideal "not adulterable" and "not imitable" reaches, the greater its value for authenticity assurance.

In der Vergangenheit haben sich besonders diejenigen Echtheitsmerkmale bewährt, die nur während der Herstellung in das Sicherheitspapier eingebracht werden können. Derartige Merkmale sind z.B. Wasserzeichen, Sicherheitsfäden, chemisch reagierende Zusätze und Melierfasern. Diese Merkmale eignen sich besonders für die üblicherweise vorgenommene visuelle Echtheitsprüfung von Sicherheitspapieren. Obwohl diese Merkmale visuell erkennbar sind, garantieren sie eine hohe Sicherheit, weil das mit diesen Merkmalen ausgestattete Papier nur mit aufwendigen Maschinen hergestellt werden kann, zu denen der Fälscher keinen Zugang hat und deren Kauf oder Nachbau sich für Fälschungszwecke schon wirtschaftlich nicht lohnt.In the past, especially those have Authenticity features proven only during manufacturing can be introduced into the security paper. Such features are e.g. Watermarks, security threads, chemically reacting additives and mottled fibers. These features are particularly suitable for the usual ones Visual authenticity check of security papers. Although these characteristics are visually recognizable are, they guarantee a high level of security because that with paper equipped with these features only with elaborate Machines can be manufactured to which the counterfeiter has no access and their purchase or replica not economically worthwhile for counterfeiting purposes.

Neben den visuell durch den Menschen und ohne Hilfsmittel identifizierbaren Merkmalen werden Sicherheitspapiere seit langem auch mit nur durch spezielle Einrichtungen identifizierbaren Merkmalen ausgestattet. Bei dieser Art von Merkmalen hat der Fälscher zusätzlich das Problem, das Merkmal bzw. dessen besondere Eigenschaften zunächst identifizieren zu müssen, wobei die Identifizierung noch erschwert werden kann, wenn man die Merkmale ausschließlich an genau definierten Stellen in das Papier einbringt.In addition to visually by humans and without aids Identifiable features become security papers for a long time with only special facilities identifiable features. At This is the type of trait that the counterfeiter also has Problem, the characteristic or its special properties need to identify first, identifying can be made more difficult if you consider the characteristics only at precisely defined points in the Paper.

Aus der GB-A-696 673 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wertpapieren bekannt, bei dem Echtheitsmerkmale in Form von Farbmustern im Innern einer Papierbahn dadurch erzeugt werden, daß in die Pulpe einer Ein-Zylinder-Rundsiebmaschine an einer Stelle, an der die Blattbildung etwa zur Hälfte fortgeschritten ist, ein Farbstoff, Pigment oder eine Tinte in Lösung oder Suspension in das entstehende Faservlies eingespritzt wird. Durch das direkte Einspritzen der Merkmalsstoffe in die Pulpe werden diese jedoch den Strömungen und Wirbeln, die in einer sich drehenden Rundsiebmaschine vorhanden sind, ausgesetzt. Die daraus resultierende Durchmengung der eingebrachten Merkmalsstoffe mit der Pulpe führt dazu, daß die Pulpe mit zunehmender Zeit homogen mit dem eingespritzten Farbstoff angereichert bzw. eingefärbt wird, so daß das entstehende Papier schließlich in seiner Gesamtsubstanz eingefärbt bzw. mit Merkmalsstoffen versehen wird.GB-A-696 673 describes a process for the production of securities known to have authenticity features in Form of color samples inside a paper web generated that in the pulp of a one-cylinder rotary screen machine at a point where the leaf formation about halfway through, a dye, Pigment or an ink in solution or suspension in the resulting nonwoven is injected. Through the direct Injecting the feature substances into the pulp these, however, the currents and vortices that are in one rotating rotary screen machine are exposed. The resulting mixture of the introduced Characteristic substances with the pulp leads to the fact that the pulp homogeneously with the injected with increasing time Dye is enriched or colored, so that the resulting paper finally in its entirety dyed or provided with feature substances becomes.

Aus der GB-A-643 430 ist weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Papierbahn bekannt, die mit Wasserzeichen versehen ist. Zur Herstellung des möglicherweise farbigen Wasserzeichens wird über der entstehenden Papierbahn einer Langsiebmaschine ein Endlosmetallband geführt, das sich mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit wie die entstehende Papierbahn bewegt. Das Metallband ist mit Aussparungen in Form der gewünschten Wasserzeichen versehen. Durch das diffuse Aufsprühen von Farbstoffen auf die Innenseite des Metallbandes wird das Wasserzeichen nun dadurch erzeugt daß sich der Farbstoff nur in den Bereichen der Aussparungen auf die Papierbahn niederschlagen kann. Dieses Verfahren ist mit dem Nachteil behaftet, daß zum einen das Aufbringen bestimmter Formen nur durch Schablonen erfolgen kann und zum anderen die Farbstoffe mit Hilfe von Lösungsmittel der feuchten Papierbahn zugeführt werden, so daß die Papierbahn an diesen Stellen zusätzlich angefeuchtet wird. Gerade jedoch die Wasserführung, d.h. die Zu- oder Abgabe von Flüssigkeit kann die Eigenschaften des Papiers maßgeblich stören. Die lokale Zugabe von Flüssigkeit verändert die Papierkonsistenz in diesen Bereichen, so daß der Ort der Merkmalsaufbringung erkannt werden kann. Für geringe Merkmalskonzentrationen kann außerdem beim Aufbringen des Merkmals auf das Papier mit Hilfe einer Flüssigkeit als Träger nicht gewährleistet werden, daß der Merkmalsstoff in der erforderlichen homogenen Verteilung aufgebracht wird. Darüber hinaus besteht beim Aufbringen der Farbstoffe mit flüssigen Trägermedien die Gefahr, daß, bedingt durch einen zu hohen Strahldruck, die Faserstruktur der Papierbahn sichtbar verändert wird.GB-A-643 430 also describes a method for Production of a paper web known, which is provided with watermarks. To create the possibly colored watermark, use the resulting web of a Fourdrinier machine guided an endless metal belt, that is at the same speed as the resulting paper web emotional. The metal band is with cutouts in the shape of the desired Watermark. By diffusely spraying on Dyes on the inside of the metal band will now be the watermark in that the dye is produced only in the areas of the recesses can knock down on the paper web. This procedure is with suffers from the disadvantage that, on the one hand, the application of certain shapes can only be done by stencils and secondly the dyes Solvent can be fed to the moist paper web so that the paper web is additionally moistened at these points. But precisely the water flow, i.e. the addition or release of liquid can Significantly disrupt the properties of the paper. The local addition of liquid changes the paper consistency in these areas, so the place the feature application can be recognized. For low feature concentrations can also occur when applying the feature to the paper with the help of a liquid as a carrier can not be guaranteed that the Feature substance applied in the required homogeneous distribution becomes. In addition, when applying the dyes with liquid Carrier media the risk that, due to excessive jet pressure, the fiber structure of the paper web is visibly changed.

In der DE-A-1 950 400 werden chemisch modifizierte Tonteilchen konzentriert auf der Oberfläche einer nassen Papierbahn abgelagert. Die Tonteilchen werden dazu elektrostatisch aufgeladen und in eine Kammer eingeblasen, wo sie eine einheitliche Wolke bilden. Durch elektrostatische Anziehung werden die Tonteilchen aus der Wolke gleichmäßig und in hoher Konzentration auf der Papieroberfläche abgelagert.DE-A-1 950 400 concentrates chemically modified clay particles deposited on the surface of a wet paper web. The clay particles are charged electrostatically and blown into a chamber, where they form a unified cloud. Through electrostatic attraction the clay particles from the cloud become uniform and in high concentration deposited on the paper surface.

In der DE-A-35 25 138 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Kunststoff beschichteter Pappe beschrieben, bei dem auf das noch feuchte Papierblatt eine durchgängige Schicht von trockenem Kunststoffpulver auf getragen wird. Die Kunststoffbeschichtung und der Papierfilz werden zusammengepreßt und gemeinsam getrocknet. In einer Streuvorrichtung für das Kunststoffpulver werden Pulver und Druckluft in getrennten Leitungen einer Sprühpistole zugeführt und das Pulver durch die Druckluft in hoher Konzentration und nur sehr grob steuerbar ausgeblasen.DE-A-35 25 138 describes a process for the production of plastic coated cardboard described on the still damp paper sheet applied a continuous layer of dry plastic powder becomes. The plastic coating and the paper felt are pressed together and dried together. In a spreader for that Plastic powders become powder and compressed air in separate lines Spray gun fed and the powder through the compressed air in high Blown out concentration and only very roughly controllable.

Aus der DE-A-29 05 441 ist schließlich ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem Merkmale, wie etwa Farbstoffe oder Chemikalien plaziert in das Innere einer Papierbahn eingebracht werden. Hierzu wird in einem ersten Schrift eine erste Papierbahn hergestellt und der Merkmalstoff, in Flüssigkeit gelöst, mit Hilfe eines Tintenstrahldruckers auf eine der Oberflächen dieser Papierbahn aufgebracht. In einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt wird die mit dem Merkmalstoff beaufschlagte Seite dieser ersten Papierbahn mit einer zweiten, separat hergestellten Papierbahn abgedeckt.From DE-A-29 05 441 a method is finally known in which Features such as dyes or chemicals are placed inside a Paper web are introduced. For this purpose, a first paper web produced and the feature substance, in Liquid dissolved using an inkjet printer applied to one of the surfaces of this paper web. In a second step, the Characteristic side of this first paper web with a second, separately manufactured paper web covered.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Wertpapier sowie ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung vorzuschlagen, bei dem Merkmalsstoffe in definierter Form und Konzentration örtlich begrenzt eingebracht werden können, ohne daß die Faserstruktur des Papiers sichtbar verändert wird.The object of the present invention is a security and a method and an apparatus to propose for its manufacture, in the feature substances locally in a defined form and concentration can be introduced to a limited extent without the fiber structure of the paper is visibly changed.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die in den nebengeordneten Ansprüchen angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The task is defined by the claims in the subordinate claims specified features solved.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, daß in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt ein in Pulverform vorliegender Merkmalsstoff mit einem Gas derart vermischt wird, daß Agglomerate von Merkmalspartikeln leicht zerfallen und daß die Partikel dann in definierter homogener Konzentration im Gas vorliegen und gehalten werden. In einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt wird die noch nasse Papierbahn mit dem Gemisch über eine Düse derart beaufschlagt, daß die Merkmalspartikel im freien Gasstrahl mit relativ scharf begrenzten Streukegel auf das Wertpapier auftreffen.The basic idea of the invention is that in one first process step is a powder form Feature substance mixed with a gas in this way is that agglomerates of feature particles disintegrate easily and that the particles are then defined in a more homogeneous manner Concentration in the gas is present and maintained. In a second process step, it is still wet The web is loaded with the mixture via a nozzle in such a way that the feature particles in the free gas jet with a relatively sharply defined scatter cone on the security hit.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es erstmals möglich, eine Papierbahn entlang einer oder mehrer Spuren mit einem Merkmalsstoff zu versehen, der über große Produktionschargen auch bei sehr geringer Konzentration in homogener Verteilung im Papier vorliegt. Darüber hinaus gewährleistet das Verfahren, daß an der fertigen Papierbahn keine Veränderungen in der Papierstruktur sichtbar sind.With the method according to the invention it is possible for the first time a paper web along one or more tracks to be provided with a feature substance that covers large production batches even at very low concentration in homogeneous distribution in the paper. Furthermore The process ensures that the finished paper web no changes in the paper structure visible are.

Wesentlich für diesen Erfolg ist die Verwendung eines pulverigen Merkmalstoffes, der in einem Gas auch in sehr geringer Konzentration in homogener Verteilung gehalten werden kann und der über mindestens eine in einem bestimmten Abstand zur Papierbahn positionierte Düse auf die nasse Bahn übertragen wird. Für den Abstand der Düse zur Papierbahn lassen sich zwei Grenzen definieren, die nicht unter- bzw. überschritten werden sollten. Der Minimalabstand der Düse zur Papierbahn ist so groß zu wählen, daß die Papierbahn auch bei Schwankungen senkrecht zur Transportrichtung die Düse nicht berührt. Der maximale Abstand ist von verschiedenen Parametern abhängig, unter anderem von der Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Gas-/Merkmalgemisches aus der Düse, sowie von der Größe, Form und dem Gewicht der einzelnen Partikel. Bei vorgegebenen Parametern wird der Abstand so gewählt, daß die Papierbahn mit einem gerichteten Partikelstrom beaufschlagt wird, wobei die Partikel mit einer Geschwindigkeit auf die Papierbahn auftreffen, die ausreicht, um die Partikel fest in der Papiermasse zu verankern.The use of an is essential for this success powdery trait that is in a gas even in very low concentration kept in a homogeneous distribution can be and which has at least one in a particular Distance to the paper web positioned nozzle the wet web is transmitted. For the distance of the nozzle Two limits can be defined for the paper web should not be under or exceeded. The minimum distance the nozzle for the paper web is so large to choose that the paper web is vertical even with fluctuations do not touch the nozzle in the direction of transport. The maximum Distance depends on different parameters, among other things from the exit speed of the Gas / feature mixture from the nozzle, as well as from the size, Shape and weight of each particle. At given The parameters are chosen so that the A directed particle stream is applied to the paper web being, the particles at a rate hit the paper web sufficient to anchor the particles firmly in the paper pulp.

Für die Konzentration des Merkmals im Papier gehen als einstellbare Parameter neben der Merkmalskonzentration der zeitliche Durchsatz durch die Düse, die durchschnittliche Partikelgröße, die durchschnittliche Faserlänge des Papiers, der Ort des Einbringens bzw. der Wassergehalt der Papierbahn sowie die Geschwindigkeit der laufenden Papierbahn ein.For the concentration of the feature in the paper go as adjustable parameters in addition to the feature concentration the time throughput through the nozzle, the average Particle size, the average fiber length of the paper, the place of introduction or the water content the paper web as well as the speed of the running paper web.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es auch möglich, Zeichen und Muster ohne die Verwendung von Schablonen mit relativ scharfen Konturen auf eine Papierbahn aufzubringen. With the method according to the invention it is also possible to Signs and patterns without the use of templates to be applied to a paper web with relatively sharp contours.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche und Inhalt der Beschreibung anhand der Figuren.Further advantages and advantageous developments of Invention are the subject of the dependent claims and content the description based on the figures.

Darin zeigen:

Fig. 1
die schematische Darstellung einer Rundsiebpapiermaschine zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitspapiers,
Fig. 2
einen Ausschnitt aus der Fig. 1 im Bereich einer Düse,
Fig. 3
die schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines homogenen Luft-/Pulvergemisches und
Fig. 4
den schematisierten Ablauf zum Einbringen der Merkmalsstoffe in ein Sicherheitspapier.
In it show:
Fig. 1
the schematic representation of a circular screen paper machine for the production of security paper,
Fig. 2
1 in the area of a nozzle,
Fig. 3
the schematic representation of a device for producing a homogeneous air / powder mixture and
Fig. 4
the schematic process for introducing the feature substances into a security paper.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch eine Rundsiebpapiermaschine, wie sie zur Herstellung von Sicherheitspapieren typischerweise verwendet wird. In der Papiermaschine 1 wird auf dem Rundsieb 2 eine Papierbahn 3 gebildet, die von einem Abnahmefilz 6 abgenommen und wegtransportiert wird. Das Gas-/Merkmalsgemisch wird in einer Einheit 4, auf die später noch genauer eingegangen wird, erzeugt und über ein Rohrsystem 8, ein Verteil- und Ansteuerungssystem 5 zu den Düsen 7 geführt. Aus den Düsen tritt das Gemisch mit hoher Geschwindigkeit aus, wodurch der Merkmalsstoff auf die an dieser Stelle noch nasse Papierbahn gelangt. Die genannten Komponenten und insbesondere die Düsen können an unterschiedlichen Stellen im Produktionsprozeß installiert werden. Die stark schematisierte Anordnung in der Fig. 1 stellt lediglich ein Beispiel dar.1 shows schematically a circular screen paper machine, as typically used for the production of security papers is used. In the paper machine 1 on the circular wire 2, a paper web 3 formed by removed from a take-off felt 6 and transported away becomes. The gas / feature mixture is in a unit 4, which will be discussed in more detail later and via a pipe system 8, a distribution and control system 5 led to the nozzles 7. Out of the nozzles the mixture exits at high speed, causing the feature substance on the still wet at this point Paper web arrives. The components mentioned and in particular the nozzles can be in different places be installed in the production process. The highly schematic Arrangement in Fig. 1 only sets Example.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus der Fig. 1 im Bereich der Düsenöffnung. Der Abstand A der von der Düsenöffnung zur Papierbahn eingehalten werden sollte, wird dabei wesentlich durch die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Gases und der Form und Größe des Merkmalstoffes bestimmt. Hierbei ist grundsätzlich zu beachten, daß der Abstand mindestens so groß gewählt wird, daß eine Beschädigung der Papierbahn durch das ausströmende Gas-/Merkmalsgemisch ausgeschlossen wird. Bei einer Austrittsgeschwindigkeit zwischen 100 und 300 m/s und einer Partikelgröße zwischen 0,1 und 20 µm ist für den Abstand A ein Wert zwischen 0,5 und 5 cm einzustellen. Neben der Einhaltung dieses Maximal-Abstandes ist darüber hinaus zu berücksichtigen, daß der Abstand wenigstens so groß sein muß, daß eine evtl. an dieser Stelle vorhandene Bewegung der Papierbahn senkrecht zur Transportrichtung nicht zum Kontakt der Bahn mit der Düse führt, die dabei leicht verstopfen könnte. Bei den oben erwähnten Austrittsgeschwindigkeiten der Merkmalspartikel aus der Düse und dem vorgegebenen Abstand A ist gewährleistet, daß die Partikel mit einer Geschwindigkeit auf die Papierbahn auftreffen, die eine sichere Einlagerung im Papier gewährleistet. Die Auftreffgeschwindigkeit der Partikel kann je nach Partikelgröße und Düsenkonfiguration bis 200 m/s betragen. Eine sichtbare Veränderung der Papierbahn wird dennoch zum einen wegen der geringen Größe der Partikel und zum anderen wegen der geringen Konzentration der Partikel im Gasstrom vermieden.FIG. 2 shows a section of FIG. 1 in the area the nozzle opening. The distance A from the Nozzle opening to the paper web should be observed, becomes essential by the exit speed of the gas and the shape and size of the feature substance. It is important to note that the Distance is chosen at least so large that a Damage to the paper web from the flowing out Gas / feature mixture is excluded. At an exit speed between 100 and 300 m / s and one Particle size between 0.1 and 20 µm is for the distance A set a value between 0.5 and 5 cm. Next compliance with this maximum distance is beyond to take into account that the distance at least so must be large that any existing at this point Movement of the paper web perpendicular to the direction of transport does not result in contact of the web with the nozzle, that could easily clog. With the above Exit speeds of the feature particles the nozzle and the specified distance A is guaranteed that the particles hit the Impact paper web that ensures safe storage in the Paper guaranteed. The impact speed of the Particles can vary depending on particle size and nozzle configuration up to 200 m / s. A visible change the paper web is still on the one hand because of the low Size of the particles and secondly because of the small Avoid concentration of particles in the gas stream.

Während das ausströmende Gas an der Papierbahn abgeleitet wird, ohne diese zu beeinträchtigen, kann in Abhängigkeit von der Länge und Art der Fasern 10 und des Durchmessers der aufgebrachten Merkmalsstoffe 9 ein mehr oder weniger großer Teil der Merkmalsstoffe schwach in das Innere der feuchten Papierbahn eindringen. Ein zweiter Teil verbindet sich dagegen - wahrscheinlich bedingt durch Adhäsionskräfte - fest mit der Oberfläche der Papierbahn. Durch die nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritte werden diese beiden Anteile der Merkmalsstoffe nicht mehr vom Papier entfernt. Darüber hinaus existiert ein dritter Anteil an Merkmalsstoffen, der nur lose an der Oberfläche der Papierbahn haftet, von wo er durch nachfolgende Produktionsschritte in der Papierherstellung entfernt wird.While the escaping gas is diverted to the paper web will, without affecting them, can become dependent on the length and type of fibers 10 and Diameter of the applied feature substances 9 one more or less large part of the feature substances weak in penetrate the inside of the wet paper web. A second On the other hand, part connects - probably conditionally by adhesive forces - firmly with the surface of the paper web. Through the subsequent process steps these two portions of the feature substances are not more removed from paper. There is also a third portion of feature substances that is only loosely attached to the Surface of the paper web adheres from where it passes through subsequent Production steps in papermaking Will get removed.

Als Merkmalsstoffe eignen sich alle Materialien, die sich in Pulverform herstellen lassen und visuell oder maschinell erkennbar sind, also einen physikalisch meßbaren oder nachweisbaren Effekt aufweisen. Neben Farbstoffen kommen dabei insbesondere solche Stoffe in Frage, die fluoreszierende, magnetische oder elektrische Eigenschaften bzw. eine Kombination dieser Eigenschaften aufweisen.All materials are suitable as feature substances can be made in powder form and visually or are recognizable by machine, i.e. a physically measurable one or have a detectable effect. In addition to dyes such substances are particularly suitable, the fluorescent, magnetic or electrical Properties or a combination of these properties exhibit.

Die Einheit 4, mit deren Hilfe das Gas-/Merkmalsgemisch erzeugt wird, kann beispielsweise in einem sog. Wirbelbettgenerator bestehen, der in Fig. 3 schematisch dargestellt ist. Die grundsätzliche Funktionsweise eines Wirbelbettgenerators ist z. B. in der US-A-3,997,433 beschrieben. In einem Vorratsbehälter 14 befindet sich ein Reservoir des Merkmalspulvers 15. Durch eine Wand 16 getrennt, liegt in einer sog. Aerosolkammer 18 das Grobgut 19, das bevorzugt aus kugelförmigen Teilchen besteht, deren Größe so gewählt ist, daß sie weder die vorhandenen Spalten 38 der Wand 16 noch die Poren der teildurchlässigen Wand 17 durchdringen können. Über eine Fördereinrichtung 20, die beispielsweise als Ketten- oder Schneckenförderanlage ausgeführt sein kann, wird der Merkmalsstoff dem Grobgut in geringen Dosierungen ständig zugeführt. Über die gasdurchlässige Wand 17 wird der Aerosolkammer ein Gasstrom 21 eines inerten Gases zugeführt, so daß zum einen Agglomerate der Merkmalsstoffe am Grobgut aufgerieben und zerkleinert und zum anderen die zerkleinerten Merkmalsstoffe durch den Gasstrom in das Rohrsystem 8 geleitet werden.The unit 4, with the help of the gas / feature mixture can be generated, for example, in a so-called fluidized bed generator exist, which is shown schematically in Fig. 3 is. The basic functioning of a fluid bed generator is z. As described in US-A-3,997,433. In a storage container 14 there is a Reservoir of the feature powder 15. Separated by a wall 16, the coarse material lies in a so-called aerosol chamber 18 19, which preferably consists of spherical particles, whose size is chosen so that it does not match the existing Columns 38 of the wall 16 still have the pores of the partially permeable Wall 17 can penetrate. Via a conveyor 20, for example as a chain or screw conveyor can be carried out, the feature substance the coarse material in small doses constantly fed. About the gas permeable wall 17 Aerosol chamber fed a gas stream 21 of an inert gas, so that, on the one hand, agglomerates of the feature substances grated on the coarse material and crushed and on the other the shredded feature substances through the gas flow in the pipe system 8 are passed.

Das Grobgut wird dabei so gewählt, daß es durch den angelegten Gasstrom 21 wegen seines Eigengewichtes nicht in das Rohrsystem 8 gelangen kann. Der Merkmalsstoff hingegen wird von dem Gasstrom nach oben gerissen und verläßt den Wirbelbettgenerator mit dem Gas in homogener Verteilung und vorgegebener Konzentration. Als Parameter für die Einstellung der Konzentration des Merkmalstoffes im Gas stehen neben dem Druck des Gasstroms 21 auch die Förderleistung des Ketten- oder Schneckenförderers zur Verfügung. In der Einheit 4 lassen sich Konzentrationen des Merkmals im Gas in einer großen Bandbreite erzeugen. Typischerweise reicht diese von 5 mg/m3 bis 50 g/m3 und wird wesentlich durch die Fördermenge des Ketten- oder Schneckendosierers bestimmt. Für das Einbringen von Merkmalsstoffen in Papier hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, wenn für das Grobgut ein Material Verwendung findet, das praktisch keinen Abrieb zeigt, so daß mit den Merkmalsstoffen keine Fremdpartikel in das Papier eingebracht werden. Dieses Problem kann jedoch auch dadurch gelöst werden, daß das Grobgut aus dem gleichen Material gewählt wird, aus dem der Merkmalsstoff besteht, sich also lediglich in der Korngröße von dem einzubringenden Merkmalsstoff unterscheidet. Es hat sich auch gezeigt, daß als Grobgut auch solche Stoffe Verwendung finden können, die der Pulpe bereits bei ihrer Produktion zugesetzt werden, wie etwa kristalline Weißmacher. Bei der Auswahl des Grobguts ist jedoch immer darauf zu achten, daß solche Stoffe verwendet werden, die mindestens die gleiche Härte wie die Merkmalsstoffe aufweisen, so daß der Abrieb am Grobgut möglichst gering ist und gleichzeitig Agglomerate des Merkmalspulvers durch Stöße mit dem Grobgut aufgespalten werden. Für den Gasstrom bieten sich Gase an, die in Bezug auf das Merkmalspulver und das Grobgut inert sind, d. h. mit diesen keine chemische Reaktion eingehen. Insbesondere kommen dabei Stickstoff, Argon und Luft in Frage.The coarse material is chosen so that it cannot get into the pipe system 8 due to its own weight due to the applied gas stream 21. The feature substance, on the other hand, is torn upwards by the gas stream and leaves the fluidized bed generator with the gas in a homogeneous distribution and predetermined concentration. In addition to the pressure of the gas stream 21, the delivery capacity of the chain or screw conveyor are also available as parameters for setting the concentration of the feature substance in the gas. A large range of concentrations of the feature in the gas can be generated in unit 4. This typically ranges from 5 mg / m 3 to 50 g / m 3 and is essentially determined by the delivery rate of the chain or screw feeder. For the introduction of feature substances into paper, it has proven to be advantageous if a material is used for the coarse material which shows practically no abrasion, so that no foreign particles are introduced into the paper with the feature substances. However, this problem can also be solved in that the coarse material is selected from the same material from which the feature substance is made, that is to say it differs only in the grain size from the feature substance to be introduced. It has also been shown that such coarse material can also be used as those which are added to the pulp during their production, such as crystalline whitening agents. When selecting the coarse material, however, it must always be ensured that substances are used that have at least the same hardness as the feature substances, so that the abrasion on the coarse material is as low as possible and at the same time agglomerates of the feature powder are broken down by impacts with the coarse material. For the gas flow, there are gases which are inert with regard to the feature powder and the coarse material, ie which do not undergo a chemical reaction with them. Nitrogen, argon and air are particularly suitable.

Um zu verhindern, daß sich Merkmalspulver an den Wänden des Wirbelbettgenerators absetzen kann, besteht die Möglichkeit, den Wirbelbettgenerator an einer geeigneten Stelle mit einem schwingungserzeugenden Vibrationsmotor zu versehen. Diese Maßnahme reduziert zum einen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß sich Merkmalspartikel überhaupt an den Wänden ablagern und führt zum anderen dazu, daß sich bereits abgelagerte Merkmalspartikel wieder von den Wänden lösen können. Für die Schwingungserzeugung kommen z. B. elektrische oder pneumatische Vibratoren, Druckluftintervallklopfer oder ähnliches in Frage. Je nach den physikalischen Eigenschaften des verwendeten Merkmalspulvers sollte der verwendete Vibrator in einem Frequenzbereich zwischen 20 und 150 Hz betrieben werden. Der Vibrator kann prinzipiell an jeder Stelle des Wirbelbettgenerators außen angebracht werden. Er überträgt dann die erzeugten Schwingungen auf das Gehäuse. Auch die Ankopplung eines Intervallklopfers an die Grundplatte des Wirbelbettgenerators ist möglich und hat darüber hinaus den Vorteil, daß ein weit größerer Teil der Anlage in Schwingung gebracht werden kann.To prevent feature powder from sticking to the walls of the fluidized bed generator, there is the possibility the fluidized bed generator at a suitable one Place with a vibration generating vibration motor to provide. On the one hand, this measure reduces the Probability of feature particles at all deposit on the walls and leads to the other that already deposited feature particles from the Can solve walls. Come for the vibration generation e.g. B. electric or pneumatic vibrators, compressed air interval knockers or similar in question. Depending on the physical properties of the feature powder used the vibrator used should be in a frequency range operated between 20 and 150 Hz. In principle, the vibrator can be used at any point on the fluid bed generator be attached outside. He broadcasts then the vibrations generated on the housing. Also the coupling of an interval knocker to the base plate the fluidized bed generator is possible and has above addition the advantage that a much larger part of the System can be brought into vibration.

Da bei der Ankopplung von Vibratoren jedoch auch ein negativer Einfluß auf die Förderanlage des Feingutes ausgeübt werden kann, der sich in einer unregelmäßigen Fördermenge oder einer Abhängigkeit der Fördermenge von der Vibratorfrequenz ausdrücken kann, ist es von Vorteil, den Vibrator im oberen Teil des Wirbelbettgenerators von außen anzukoppeln. Darüber hinaus kann die Schwingung zur Fördereinheit hin dann durch geeignete Maßnahmen gedämpft oder vollständig unterbrochen werden. Hierzu kann der in Schwingung versetzte Teil des Wirbelbettgenerators beispielsweise durch ein elastisches Zwischenstück von dem Rest der Anlage mechanisch entkoppelt werden.However, because of the coupling of vibrators it is also a negative one Influence on the conveyor system of the fine material can be found in an irregular flow rate or a dependence of the delivery rate on the Can express vibrator frequency, it is advantageous the vibrator in the upper part of the fluidized bed generator from to couple outside. In addition, the vibration Appropriate measures are then taken towards the conveyor unit be dampened or completely interrupted. For this can the vibrated part of the fluidized bed generator for example by an elastic intermediate piece mechanically decoupled from the rest of the system become.

Um zu vermeiden, daß sich am Gehäuse Schwingungsknoten ausbilden, die wiederum eine Anlagerung des Merkmalspulvers an den Wänden zulassen würden, können mehrere Vibratoren oder Klopfer mit unterschiedlichen Frequenzen an verschiedenen Stellen des Wirbelbettgenerators angebaut werden.To avoid vibration nodes on the housing train, which in turn an accumulation of the feature powder on the walls would allow multiple vibrators or knockers with different frequencies installed at various points on the fluid bed generator become.

Zum Aufbringen des Merkmalspulvers in einer besonderen Form auf die Papierbahn kann es günstig sein, die Düse 7 durch eine Mehrzahl von Düsen zu ersetzen. Außerdem kann hierbei eine Vorrichtung angebracht werden, die es ermöglicht, einzelne Düsen gezielt anzusteuern, so daß zum einen durch die Anzahl der Düsen und zum andern durch die Möglichkeit, jede Düse einzeln anzusteuern, d. h. zu öffnen oder zu schließen, eine Möglichkeit gegeben ist, auf die Papierbahn den Merkmalsstoff in Form einer Codierung aufzubringen.To apply the feature powder in a special Form on the paper web, it can be favorable to the nozzle 7 to be replaced by a plurality of nozzles. Besides, can in this case, a device is attached which enables selectively control individual nozzles, so that one by the number of nozzles and the other by the ability to control each nozzle individually, d. H. to open or close, there is a possibility on the paper web the feature substance in the form of a coding to apply.

In Fig. 4 ist der Verfahrensablauf schematisch dargestellt. Aus einem Vorratsbehälter 30 gelangt der Merkmalsstoff in einen Homogenisierer 4, der feine Merkmalspartikel erzeugt und diese mit einem Gas in der gewünschten, einstellbaren Konzentration einmischt. Das homogene Gemisch gelangt über einen Verteiler 5 an ein oder mehrere Düsen 7, wobei auch eine Steuereinheit vorhanden sein kann, die die Öffnung der Düsen einzeln oder auch in Gruppen anzusteuern vermag. Mit Hilfe einer Meßeinheit 35, welche die tatsächliche Konzentration des Merkmalsstoffes im Gas oder einer anderen hierfür relevanten Größe erfaßt, ist es möglich, ein Regelsignal zu erzeugen, aufgrund dessen eine Steuereinheit 36 die Zuführung des Merkmalsstoffs aus dem Vorratsbehälter oder direkt die veränderbaren Parameter des Homogenisierer beeinflußt, so daß Abweichungen von der eingestellten Gas-/Merkmalskonzentration ausgeglichen werden können. Je nach örtlichen Gegebenheiten kann die Konzentration an verschiedenen Stellen gemessen werden, wie z. B. im Homogenisierer, am Düsenausgang oder im Verteiler.The process sequence is shown schematically in FIG. 4. The feature substance arrives from a storage container 30 into a homogenizer 4, the fine feature particle generated and this with a gas in the desired adjustable concentration. The homogeneous mixture arrives via a distributor 5 or several nozzles 7, a control unit also being present can be the opening of the nozzles individually or can also control in groups. With the help of a measuring unit 35, which is the actual concentration of the Feature substance in the gas or another relevant for this Size detected, it is possible to set a control signal generate, based on which a control unit 36 the feed of the feature substance from the storage container or directly the changeable parameters of the homogenizer influenced, so that deviations from the set Gas / feature concentration can be compensated. Depending on the local conditions, the concentration can be measured at various points, e.g. B. in Homogenizer, at the nozzle outlet or in the distributor.

Die Zuführung des homogenen Gas-/Merkmalsgemisches erfolgt dann gegebenenfalls über einen Verteiler und unter Einfluß einer Düsensteuerung an eine oder mehrere Düsen, aus denen die Merkmalspartikel zusammen mit dem Gasstrom unter hoher Geschwindigkeit austreten, wobei die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit der Merkmalspartikel unter der des Gases liegt.The homogeneous gas / feature mixture is supplied then if necessary via a distributor and under Influence of a nozzle control on one or more nozzles, from which the feature particles together with the gas flow exit at high speed, the exit speed the feature particle under that of the Gases is.

Durch die Wahl der Düsengeometrie und des Luftdurchsatzes durch die Düsen läßt sich die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit der Merkmalspartikel festlegen. Diese muß so gewählt werden, daß die Geschwindigkeit der Teilchen beim Auftreffen auf die Papierbahn noch groß genug ist, um ein Eindringen der Partikel in die Papierbahn oder ein Haften der Partikel auf der Oberfläche zu gewährleisten.By choosing the nozzle geometry and the air flow the exit velocity can be adjusted through the nozzles of the feature particles. This must be so be chosen that the speed of the particles is still big enough when it hits the paper web, to penetrate the particles into the paper web or to ensure that the particles adhere to the surface.

Nachdem der Merkmalsstoff auf die Papierbahn aufgebracht ist, wird die Bahn der üblichen Weiterbehandlung, wie z. B. Leimen, Trocknen oder Gautschen, unterzogen. Durch dieses Nachbehandlungsverfahren wird zum einen die Qualität des Wertpapieres erhöht. Zum anderen werden aber auch diejenigen Merkmalspartikel von der Bahn entfernt, die nur schwach auf ihr haften. Nach dem Leimen sind die Merkmalsstoffe endgültig in ihrer Lage fixiert und als definiert aufgebrachte Partikel auf ihre jeweiligen physikalischen Eigenschaften hin prüfbar.After the feature substance is applied to the paper web is, the web of the usual processing, such. B. glue, drying or Gautschen subjected. By on the one hand, this after-treatment process becomes quality of the security increased. On the other hand also those feature particles removed from the web, that only weakly adhere to it. After gluing they are Feature substances finally fixed in their position and as defines applied particles on their respective physical Properties can be checked.

Claims (22)

  1. A method for equipping papers of value with authenticity features wherein at least one feature substance (9) is applied to a moving, wet paper web (3) in the course of papermaking, characterized in that a homogeneous mixture is produced from a feature substance (9) present in powder form and a gas in a defined concentration, and the mixture hits the running paper web in a directed particle stream from at least one nozzle (7) disposed at a given distance from the paper web (3) at high speed which suffices to anchor the particles firmly in the paper stuff.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the nozzle (7) and the paper web (3) is selected to be at least so large that the running paper web does not touch the nozzle, but is at most so large that the feature substance hits the running paper web in a directed particle stream at a sufficiently high speed.
  3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance is between 0.5 and 5 cm using a feature substance (9) with particles having a mean diameter of 0.1 to 20 microns and an outlet rate of the gas/feature mixture from the nozzle (7) between 100 and 300 m/s.
  4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas used is nitrogen, argon or air.
  5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the feature substance (9) is present in the gas when emerging from the nozzle in a concentration of 10 mg/m3 to 10 g/m3, preferably 2 to 10 g/m3.
  6. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the feature substance (9) is applied with the aid of a plurality of nozzles (7).
  7. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the nozzles (7) are disposed so that the feature substance is applied in the form of a coding.
  8. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture is produced with the aid of a fluid bed generator (4).
  9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that at least part of the fluid bed generator (4) is set vibrating by suitable measures.
  10. An apparatus for applying at least one feature substance for detecting authenticity to a moving, wet paper web having at least one nozzle (7) executed in such a way that a mixture of feature particles (9) and a gas emerges under pressure in a directed particle stream, and having means (4) for producing the pressure, characterized in that the
    means (4) are suitable for producing a homogeneous mixture from feature particles (9) and a gas with a defined concentration of the feature substance (9) in the gas, and
    the at least one nozzle (7) is executed in such a way that the mixture emerges with a relatively sharply limited scattering cone, and
    the apparatus contains feeding means (8) for feeding the mixture to the nozzles.
  11. An apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the means for producing the mixture are a fluid bed generator (4) containing the feature substance (9) and coarse material (19) for crushing the feature substance (9).
  12. An apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the coarse material (19) in the fluid bed generator (4) consists of a material that is already added during production of the paper web (3).
  13. An apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the coarse material (19) consists of the same material as the feature substance (9).
  14. An apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the means for producing the mixture can be operated under pressure.
  15. An apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the apparatus also has means for generating vibrations.
  16. An apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the means for generating vibrations are a vibrator or an interval rapper.
  17. An apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the apparatus contains a plurality of vibration-generating means which can be operated at different frequencies.
  18. An apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the apparatus furthermore contains means for locally limiting the effect of the vibrations.
  19. An apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the means for limiting the effect of the vibrations are an elastic separator.
  20. A paper of value having at least one feature substance (9) incorporated in locally defined fashion and identifiable visually and/or by machine in contrast to its surroundings, characterized in that the paper of value is produced from a paper web (3) equipped with the feature substance (9) by the method according to claim 1.
  21. A paper of value according to claim 20, characterized in that the at least one feature substance (9) is a colorant, fluorescent substance, magnetic and/or electrically conductive material.
  22. A paper of value according to claim 20, characterized in that the feature substance (9) is incorporated in the paper web (3) in such a way as to form characters or patterns, in particular codings.
EP94120572A 1993-12-24 1994-12-23 Process and apparatus for providing security paper with security elements Expired - Lifetime EP0659935B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4344552 1993-12-24
DE4344552A DE4344552A1 (en) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Method and device for equipping securities with authenticity features

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0659935A2 EP0659935A2 (en) 1995-06-28
EP0659935A3 EP0659935A3 (en) 1996-04-17
EP0659935B1 true EP0659935B1 (en) 2000-05-17

Family

ID=6506278

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94120572A Expired - Lifetime EP0659935B1 (en) 1993-12-24 1994-12-23 Process and apparatus for providing security paper with security elements

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5897746A (en)
EP (1) EP0659935B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE193071T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4344552A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2145089T3 (en)
FI (1) FI946060A (en)

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DE102008012221B4 (en) * 2008-03-03 2011-06-01 Kronotec Ag Method of painting a still wet sheet substrate

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DE19826800A1 (en) * 1998-06-16 1999-12-23 Frank Puttkammer Special paper for securities and banknotes etc.
DE19836503B4 (en) * 1998-08-12 2007-09-20 WHD elektronische Prüftechnik GmbH Method for producing a security feature
DE19928060A1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-21 Whd Elektron Prueftech Gmbh Optically variable security feature and process for its manufacture
FI107817B (en) * 1999-06-24 2001-10-15 Metsae Serla Oyj Method and apparatus for producing textured paper
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FI116086B (en) * 2000-06-08 2005-09-15 Avantone Oy Check-marked paper or cardboard product and check-marked packaging
DE10120818A1 (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-10-31 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method and device for introducing feature substances into a paper web
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DE102008012221B4 (en) * 2008-03-03 2011-06-01 Kronotec Ag Method of painting a still wet sheet substrate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE193071T1 (en) 2000-06-15
US5897746A (en) 1999-04-27
FI946060A (en) 1995-06-25
DE4344552A1 (en) 1995-06-29
EP0659935A3 (en) 1996-04-17
FI946060A0 (en) 1994-12-23
ES2145089T3 (en) 2000-07-01
EP0659935A2 (en) 1995-06-28
DE59409358D1 (en) 2000-06-21

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