EP0658382A1 - Table vibrante pour vibrer des masses compactables et procédé pour compacter du béton - Google Patents

Table vibrante pour vibrer des masses compactables et procédé pour compacter du béton Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0658382A1
EP0658382A1 EP94119184A EP94119184A EP0658382A1 EP 0658382 A1 EP0658382 A1 EP 0658382A1 EP 94119184 A EP94119184 A EP 94119184A EP 94119184 A EP94119184 A EP 94119184A EP 0658382 A1 EP0658382 A1 EP 0658382A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vibrating table
vibrating
table according
excitation
bearings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94119184A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0658382B1 (fr
Inventor
Dietrich Kröger
Arnim Bura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Netter GmbH
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Netter GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority claimed from DE19934341387 external-priority patent/DE4341387C2/de
Application filed by Netter GmbH filed Critical Netter GmbH
Publication of EP0658382A1 publication Critical patent/EP0658382A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/087—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould
    • B28B1/0873—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould the mould being placed on vibrating or jolting supports, e.g. moulding tables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/10—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy
    • B06B1/16—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
    • B06B1/161—Adjustable systems, i.e. where amplitude or direction of frequency of vibration can be varied
    • B06B1/166—Where the phase-angle of masses mounted on counter-rotating shafts can be varied, e.g. variation of the vibration phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
    • B28B7/0014—Fastening means for mould parts, e.g. for attaching mould walls on mould tables; Mould clamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vibrating table for vibrating a mass to be compacted - in particular concrete - the main plane of which is arranged essentially horizontally during operation and which bears a shape containing the mass to be compacted, and on which at least one unbalanced, driven (exciter) shaft is used Generating an excitation force is stored.
  • a vibrating table in the sense of the present invention is not only to be understood as a table in the classic sense, that is to say a device having a continuous table top, but it is also to be understood as meaning all those structural forms which are the form containing the concrete to be compacted Use part of the vibrating table.
  • vibrating tables are known which only have a frame resting on the connecting piece for receiving the shape or which do entirely without a frame and which require a correspondingly rigid form which rests on two trestles or the like. lies on.
  • the term vibrating table in the sense of the present invention should therefore generally include all devices which are suitable for vibrating an overlying shape.
  • the invention further relates to a method for compacting concrete.
  • the process of imparting movement to the liquid concrete via the mold walls is known as shaking, vibrating or shaking.
  • the devices used for this purpose are referred to as vibrating tables or vibrating bars, sometimes also as vibration tables.
  • these terms are to be understood as being used synonymously, i.e. the only decisive factor in the sense of this invention is that a container containing a mass to be compacted, in particular a form containing concrete, undergoes a recurring movement.
  • the vibrating tables used in concrete plants either work with so-called unbalance exciters, in which a circumferential unbalance generates an excitation force that excites the table top and the shape spanned on it, or with linear drives, such as hydraulic cylinders or the like, which are activated by a corresponding controls are operated periodically.
  • Known and commonly used unbalance exciters consist of a shaft mounted on the vibrating table, to which a weight is attached eccentrically. The shaft is electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically or via V-belts or similar. driven.
  • Vibrating tables are also known, in which the shape lying on the table surface and containing the concrete to be compacted is vibrated in a vertical direction. If the shape is only firmly attached to the table, this can lead to bumps if the acceleration of the shape is greater than 1 g. If the form is connected to the table in a form-fitting manner, the bumping can be avoided, but to achieve a good compression effect, high frequencies are necessary, which go hand in hand with the considerable noise and health damage already described for the workers employed in the concrete plants.
  • a vibrating device in which four horizontally arranged excitation shafts are each provided with an eccentrically arranged weight, ie an unbalance.
  • Each of the four excitation shafts has its own drive, which is connected to a controller.
  • One of the four drives works as a master drive, and the phase position of the unbalances of the three other drives is corrected in relation to the first drive, so that a resulting excitation force in the vertical direction is superimposed on the centrifugal forces of the four rotating unbalanced masses (Z axis) can be generated, the amplitude of which can be influenced relative to one another by adjusting the phase position of at least two rotating unbalanced masses.
  • the comparatively high structural outlay which is only used to generate an excitation force in one direction, is consequently only a vibration pattern, which leads to partially unsatisfactory compression results.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a horizontal vibrating table in which a high compaction effect is made possible in a shorter time with little noise pollution, and which is distinguished by a simple construction.
  • the invention is also based on the object of further developing a horizontal vibrating table in such a way that, depending on the requirement, a large number of oscillation forms is possible in order to promote good compaction of the concrete or other masses to be compacted.
  • the basic idea according to the invention provides as a solution for a generic horizontal vibrating table that the at least one excitation shaft is arranged vertically.
  • a plurality of excitation shafts for example two or four, can also be mounted on the vibrating table in a rotationally symmetrical manner.
  • the invention is therefore based on the device-related part as part of the task of designing a horizontal vibrating table with a vertically arranged excitation shaft according to the invention so that the vibrations mentioned are suppressed with vertical vibrations.
  • this subtask is comparable to the task of designing the overall system, consisting of a horizontal vibrating table, the form lying on top, containing the concrete to be compacted, and the shafts arranged vertically on the vibrating table in such a way that in the vertical direction at the frequencies in question, i.e. in the frequency range below the hearing threshold, no resonances occur.
  • the solution of the second subtask is characterized in the case of generic vibrating tables with excitation shaft (s) arranged vertically according to the invention, characterized in that the table is mounted in such a way that it has two degrees of freedom perpendicular to each other (X, Y direction) in the direction of the earth's gravitational field in the main plane but is essentially rigidly mounted.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop a method for shaking (shaking, vibration-compacting) concrete to be compacted in a mold so that the compacting effect is improved or at least maintained compared to the prior art, but the noise is reduced and the method can be carried out on a structurally comparatively simple vibrating table.
  • the invention is characterized in that the shape containing the concrete to be compacted is excited on a vibrating table to form circular vibrations in the horizontal main plane of the table.
  • the vibrating table has exactly one excitation shaft, which is arranged under the center of gravity of the vibrating table.
  • This embodiment is distinguished by its simple structure and allows the method according to the invention for vibrating or compacting concrete to be carried out, namely the induction of a circular vibration of the shape containing the concrete to be compacted.
  • Such a table or the only vertically arranged excitation shaft is preferably operated at a frequency of 0-10 Hz, i.e. in the range of poorly audible or inaudible frequencies.
  • the invention provides to use at least three, but preferably four or more monovalent bearings, which are preferably arranged rotationally symmetrically to one another, and which are designed in the form of tension or compression elements.
  • a monovalent bearing is understood to mean a bearing that can only absorb forces in the direction of an action line, but cannot absorb bearing forces in other planes.
  • Such monovalent bearings are designed in the form of tension or compression elements.
  • these are ropes. These ropes can be arranged, for example, at at least three points, but preferably four points, of the vibrating table and, for example, attached to the hall ceiling of the respective factory room.
  • this arrangement or embodiment of the monovalent bearings is disadvantageous in that the space available above the vibrating table is used and the free passage of other manufacturing systems, material feed paths etc. is hindered.
  • the vibrating table is arranged above a pit embedded in a factory floor and that the bearings and the at least one vertical excitation shaft are arranged in the pit below the table level. In this way, a compact and space-saving arrangement of the vibrating table and storage and drive is realized compared to the last described embodiment.
  • the unbalance weight is composed of two unbalance weights which are designed in the form of a sector of a circle in cross-section and one of which is rotatably arranged on the exciter shaft and is carried along by a driving pin arranged on the other unbalance weight.
  • the driver pin runs in a groove, so that depending on the direction of rotation of the excitation shaft there are different overlap angles of the two unbalance weights which are circular sector-shaped in cross section. With greater coverage, the imbalance is correspondingly greater, so that with a certain one Speed of the excitation shaft a greater centrifugal force and thus excitation force is generated.
  • the bearings which are preferably provided in the four corner regions of the vibrating table are designed in such a way that essentially L-shaped brackets extending from the underside of the vibrating table are arranged in such a way that from the bottom of the pit Extending substantially L-shaped supports are arranged so that their shorter (transverse) legs each cover a shorter (transverse) leg of the L-shaped brackets extending downward from the underside of the vibrating table, and that the monovalent bearings are designed in the form of elements which absorb tensile forces and are each stretched vertically between two overlapping (transverse) legs.
  • a vibrating table is created with comparatively simple structural measures, with which heavy concrete masses can be compacted effectively at low frequencies without causing noise and without shifting the center of gravity of the vertically arranged excitation waves, vertical vibrations or torsional vibrations around the X and Y - Generate axes that can lead to resonances and thus a disturbance of the entire system.
  • the elements that absorb the tensile forces are tension rods.
  • the tension rods have the advantage that they also have a certain inherent rigidity in relation to pressure loads, as a result of which the resonance frequency of the overall system is shifted further upwards in the vertical direction, ie out of the preferred operating range below the hearing threshold from the preferred range of the excitation frequency.
  • the proposed storage also has the advantage that it is insensitive to the abrasive stone dust that is always present in concrete plants.
  • the device according to the invention can also be implemented with pressure elements, such as, for example, plain bearings or roller bearings.
  • each bearing consists of a support arrangement of elastomer material arranged vertically below the underside of the vibrating table, which is designed to be pressure-resistant in the vertical direction so that the overall system, consisting of vibrating table and exciter shafts, has a natural frequency in the vertical direction of ⁇ 25 Hz.
  • This elastomer arrangement acts in the direction of the X-Y plane due to its displaceability, so that the desired shaking movement of the table in the horizontal plane is not hindered.
  • the stability of the elastomeric support arrangement of the bearing can be further increased by the fact that the central region has a rigid, non-elastic region (for example in the form of a pipe support) and only the upper and lower end regions consist of a disk made of elastomeric material.
  • a total of two or four vertically arranged unbalanced shafts are arranged rotationally symmetrically to one another.
  • Such an arrangement offers the advantage that, on the one hand, the circular shaking movement preferred according to the invention can be easily generated by operating all two or four imbalances with the same phase position on the other hand, linear vibration patterns can be generated by phase angles between the two or four imbalances.
  • the excitation shafts are preferably driven by three-phase asynchronous motors, one of the motors being operated as a master drive and the other motors being regulated as slave drives, so that the desired differential phase position of the unbalances is defined in relation to the rotating unbalance of the master drive.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a vertical section through a vibrating table 10 according to the invention with a table top 12 which is mounted on four bearings 14.
  • the bearings 14 stand on the floor 16 of a pit 20 embedded in a factory floor 18 or are screwed there or fastened in another form.
  • the form 22 contains concrete to be compacted, which is to bind to a prefabricated concrete component.
  • Each of the four bearings 14 initially has an L-shaped bracket 28, which extends vertically downward from the underside 26 of the table top 12 and whose longer leg extends vertically downward.
  • the shorter leg 30 runs horizontally to the horizontal, ie parallel to the bottom surface 16 of the pit 20 of the factory floor 18.
  • an L-shaped support 32 also extends vertically upwards, the shorter leg 34 of which is arranged so that the shorter legs
  • the (transverse) leg 30 of the holder 28, which extends vertically downward from the underside 26 of the vibrating table, and the shorter (transverse) leg 34 of the support 32, which extends upward from the pit floor 16, are arranged to overlap one another.
  • a tensile force-absorbing element 36 is stretched, which can be, for example, a wire rope, or preferably a tie rod.
  • the pull rod can have threaded areas at its upper and lower ends, with which it can be screwed by means of attached nuts 38.
  • each pulling element 36 has to absorb a quarter of the total weight, as long as the additional weight of the unbalance of the excitation shaft is not taken into account.
  • an excitation shaft 40 which carries an unbalanced mass 42 which is arranged offset by an eccentricity e above the Z axis.
  • the excitation shaft 40 is mounted in bearings 44 which are supported by a bearing tube 46 and are connected to the table top 12.
  • the excitation shaft 40 is driven by a drive, not shown in FIG. 1, which can be, for example, an electric motor directly connected to the shaft, a belt drive or the like.
  • the unbalanced mass 42 accelerated on a circular path generates a centrifugal force mr ⁇ 2, which generates the desired vibrating movement in the XY plane.
  • the unbalance creates an undesirable moment, which also rotates.
  • the unbalance 42 In the position shown in FIG. 1, the unbalance 42 generates a static moment of magnitude around the Y axis, which would lead to tilting of the table top 12 about the Y axis, ie in the direction indicated by arrows, in a conventional vibrating table. Due to the fact that it is a rotating moment, the moment acting around the Y-axis fluctuates periodically, so that there is a risk of resonance.
  • the table top 12 of the vibrating table is mounted so stiffly with respect to movements about the Y-axis and about the X-axis that the resonance frequencies are so high that the entire vibrating table is in the Z-axis, ie in the direction of the earth's gravitational field , can be regarded as essentially rigid at the rotational frequencies of the unbalanced shaft 40 in question.
  • the bearing 14 according to the invention of the vibrating table according to the invention ensures that a vibrating or oscillating movement in the XY plane is possible without any problems.
  • the vibrating table according to the invention thus enables for the first time a circular vibrating movement for compacting concrete for prefabricated concrete elements, which has been found to be particularly advantageous since it both leads to excellent compaction results and also enables low noise pollution.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the table top 12 of the vibrating table and four tension elements 36 of the bearing 14, not shown in detail.
  • Fig. 2 also shows schematically the operation of the four excitation shafts 40a-40d to produce the same circular shaking motion as is possible by means of a single, larger imbalance in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • the four imbalances 42a-42d of the four excitation shafts 40a-40d rotate in this operating mode with the same phase position and direction of rotation.
  • the load case shown in FIG. 2 with regard to the tension elements 36 is therefore essentially the same as in FIG. 1, ie the center of gravity of the overall system is shifted in the positive direction of the X axis, a positive moment being generated about the Y axis which is essentially absorbed by a higher load on the tension elements 36 lying on the right in FIG. 2.
  • the four excitation shafts are driven by four individual three-phase asynchronous motors; it is further provided according to the invention that one of the three-phase asynchronous motors, in the present case, for example, that assigned to the excitation shaft 40a, functions as a master drive, i.e. that the rotating unbalance 42a acts as a rotating coordinate system is seen on which the phase difference angles of the other excitation waves are defined and regulated.
  • a mechanical synchronization of the four excitation shafts in the form of a rotating toothed belt 43 or the like can also be carried out. replace the synchronization by means of electrical control means.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative operation of the four exciter shafts, in which the lower two exciter shafts 40c and 40d continue to be operated in the mathematically positive sense of rotation, while the exciter shafts 40a and 40b rotate in opposite directions.
  • Two shafts rotate in one direction of rotation without a phase difference angle, while between the two shaft pairs there is a difference angle is set by ⁇ . In this way there is a translational excitation in the direction of the X axis. If one thinks of the unbalance rotated from the position shown in FIG. 3 by an angle of rotation of ⁇ / 2, a static moment about the Y axis is generated which corresponds to that shown in FIG. 2. This is in turn supported by the bearing so that there are no undesirable vertical vibrations due to torsional vibrations around the Y axis.
  • the arrangement according to the invention of four vertical excitation waves also opens up the possibility of stopping two diagonally opposite waves, for example excitation waves 40a and 40d, as indicated schematically in FIG. If the two remaining excitation waves 40b and 40c are then rotated in opposite directions with a phase difference angle of ⁇ , a translational excitation results, the line of action of which runs at an acute angle to the Y and X axes.
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment for a bearing for a vibrating table according to the invention.
  • the table top 12 of the vibrating table rests on tubular supports 48 which stand on the hall or pit floor 16.
  • An elastomer washer 50 is arranged between the table top 12 and the tube support 48 and between the tube support 48 and the pit floor 16.
  • the elastomer disks 50 are subjected to shear stress and thus enable a circular or translatory shaking movement in the XY plane.
  • the elastomer disks are compressed by the weight of the vibrating table 12 and the shape lying thereon with the concrete to be compacted.
  • the vertical natural frequency can be dimensioned such that it is far above the drive frequency of the unbalance 40 or the 4 excitation waves 40a-40d.
  • the elastomer washers consist of an elastomer with a hardness of 90 ° shore and have a diameter of 62 mm and a height of 10 mm.
  • a vertical deflection of less than 1 mm results with a load of 700 kg per bearing point, the natural frequency in the direction of the Z axis, ie in the vertical, being 33 Hz. This value is significantly larger than the target operating range of the drive frequency of 0-10 Hz.
  • This supports or this form of storage for the vibrating table according to the invention for the circular vibrating of concrete to be compacted has the advantage that it is inexpensive and easy to assemble.
  • the disadvantage is that safety stops must be attached to the side.
  • the vibrating table according to the invention permits a circular vibrating of concrete to be compacted without this vibrating movement being disturbed by vertical vibrations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
EP94119184A 1993-12-04 1994-12-05 Table vibrante pour vibrer des masses compactables et procédé pour compacter du béton Expired - Lifetime EP0658382B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4341387 1993-12-04
DE19934341387 DE4341387C2 (de) 1993-12-04 1993-12-04 Rütteltisch zum Rütteln einer zu verdichtenden Masse, insbesondere Beton

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0658382A1 true EP0658382A1 (fr) 1995-06-21
EP0658382B1 EP0658382B1 (fr) 1996-10-09

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ID=6504191

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94119184A Expired - Lifetime EP0658382B1 (fr) 1993-12-04 1994-12-05 Table vibrante pour vibrer des masses compactables et procédé pour compacter du béton

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5606231A (fr)
EP (1) EP0658382B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE143838T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE59400824D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0658382T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2092856T3 (fr)

Cited By (4)

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DE102005009095A1 (de) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-31 Institut für Fertigteiltechnik und Fertigbau Weimar e.V. Vibrationstisch zur Erzeugung von dreidimensionalen Schwingungen
EP3398692A1 (fr) 2017-05-05 2018-11-07 DMK Deutsches Milchkontor GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'aliments pâteux au moyen de la séparation réduite de liquides contenus en leur sein
US10167689B2 (en) * 2014-10-08 2019-01-01 M-I L.L.C. Drill cuttings circular separator
WO2023021122A1 (fr) * 2021-08-20 2023-02-23 Kuehlert Heinrich Système de transport et procédé de transport de produit en vrac

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US6237748B1 (en) 1996-03-08 2001-05-29 Netter Gmbh Oscillating drive for resonance system
NL1005862C1 (nl) * 1997-04-09 1998-10-12 Boer Staal Bv Den Werkwijze alsmede inrichting voor het verdichten van korrelvormige massa zoals betonspecie.
DE19850351A1 (de) * 1998-11-02 2000-05-04 Masa Ag Unwuchtrüttler für Steinformmaschinen
JP4289579B2 (ja) * 2000-07-05 2009-07-01 新東工業株式会社 鋳物砂充填用振動装置
WO2005056279A1 (fr) * 2003-12-14 2005-06-23 GEDIB Ingenieurbüro und Innovationsberatung GmbH Dispositif pour serrer des matieres a mouler se presentant sous forme de grains
CN105797944A (zh) * 2015-07-21 2016-07-27 温州职业技术学院 一种用于粉体振实的竖直振动设备
CN106862503A (zh) * 2017-02-27 2017-06-20 安徽省胜峰机械有限公司 一种型砂三维高频振动台
CN107379209A (zh) * 2017-08-02 2017-11-24 韶关市源昊住工机械有限公司 低噪音自动升降振动台
CN109571711A (zh) * 2019-01-17 2019-04-05 长江南京航道工程局 一种混凝土联锁块生产用高频振动台

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DE102005009095A1 (de) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-31 Institut für Fertigteiltechnik und Fertigbau Weimar e.V. Vibrationstisch zur Erzeugung von dreidimensionalen Schwingungen
US10167689B2 (en) * 2014-10-08 2019-01-01 M-I L.L.C. Drill cuttings circular separator
US10538979B2 (en) 2014-10-08 2020-01-21 M-I L.L.C. Drill cuttings circular separator
EP3398692A1 (fr) 2017-05-05 2018-11-07 DMK Deutsches Milchkontor GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'aliments pâteux au moyen de la séparation réduite de liquides contenus en leur sein
WO2023021122A1 (fr) * 2021-08-20 2023-02-23 Kuehlert Heinrich Système de transport et procédé de transport de produit en vrac

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US5606231A (en) 1997-02-25
EP0658382B1 (fr) 1996-10-09
DE59400824D1 (de) 1996-11-14
ES2092856T3 (es) 1996-12-01
DK0658382T3 (da) 1996-11-18
ATE143838T1 (de) 1996-10-15
DE19506992A1 (de) 1996-08-29

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