EP0654638B1

EP0654638B1 - Discharge structure for closed gas appliances

Info

Publication number: EP0654638B1
Application number: EP94203152A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Floris Van Dijk
Original assignee: Ubbink Nederland BV
Current assignee: Ubbink Nederland BV
Priority date: 1993-11-24
Filing date: 1994-10-31
Publication date: 1999-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2014-10-31
Also published as: ES2142374T3; ATE188027T1; ATE240491T1; DE69432682T2; DK0930463T3; NL193469B; EP0930463A2; EP0930463B1; DE69422270D1; DE69422270T2; NL9302032A; NL193469C; DK0654638T3; EP0930463A3; ES2195506T3; NL9600005A; DE69432682D1; EP0654638A1

Abstract

The discharge pipe of chimney (1) has an outer tubular casing (30) and a concentric inner gas exhaust pipe (20). The pipes (20,30) define an annular passage for a combustion air supply (A) with an air supply hood (40) feeding ambient air into said passage. An exhaust hood (50) connects the exhaust gas duct (20) to atmosphere and protrudes outwards of the air supply hood (40). A number of venting passages (48) are provided in air supply hood (40) to short circuit the main air passage and vent of any surplus air to atmosphere.

Description

The invention relates to a discharge structure for closed gas appliances. Such discharge structures form the main component of a roof terminal or wall terminal for, for instance, heating boilers and comprise a line for the supply of combustion air and a line for the exhaust of combustion gasses. The discharge structure then further comprises a supply means for combustion air, such as a supply hood, forming the connection between the outside air and the supply line for combustion air, and a flow-promoting exhaust means for combustion gasses, such as a draught hood, forming the connection between the combustion gas exhaust line and the outside air. The exhaust means is situated at a greater distance from the space in which the gas appliance is located than the supply means, that is to say, in a vertical arrangement of the discharge structure, above the supply means.
A discharge structure as described in the preamble of claim 1 is known from GB-A-287.335.
Such a discharge structure is also referred to as a wall or roof terminal structure. In this application, the inner end is considered as the end which has to be connected to the combustion air supply and the combustion gas exhaust of the gas appliance itself, whether through the medium of a manifold or not, with which manifold or branch pipe the combustion gas exhaust line and the combustion air supply line in the discharge structure, situated concentrically relative to each other, are transformed into parallel lines.
Discharge structures are often completely adapted to the brand and type of the gas appliance onto which they are to be fitted or to a certain group of gas appliances with a defined working area or working range width. The discharge structures are supplied in new building and renovation projects in the composition and with the dimensions in which they are about suitable for mounting in the work. The various components are herein connected to each other in a usually permanent manner in the factory, for instance by being welded, riveted or glued, in a manner which is usually very labour-intensive.
Because the various standards may prescribe a minimum height above the roof for the combustion gas exhaust means and the exact position of the gas appliance below the roof, it can be necessary that the discharge structure is given a certain surplus length in order to, in the absence of simple possibilities for adaptation, in the case of deviations in measurement in the work, yet be able to fall within these standard values or fitting measures.
It is also a drawback that the selection of materials for the various components of the discharge structure will be subject to restrictions, due to the manner in which the components are connected to each other, for instance when a threaded connection is used.
Another drawback to the known discharge structures is that alterations in the discharge structure after a period of use, necessary for for instance replacement of components thereof, is difficult and usually impossible due to the way in which those discharge structures have been assembled. Consequently, the entire discharge structure will often need to be replaced. It is the object of the invention to provide a discharge structure for closed gas appliances, which improves on the above. This object is realized with the discharge structure according to claim 1.
A preferred embodiment is subject of claim 2.
By employing retaining means such as abutment surfaces, preferably integrally formed with the outer end of the gas exhaust pipe, for keeping together said components in a mechanical manner, no special tools are required, except for instance a screwdriver, for assembling the discharge structure, as a consequence of which this could be done at sales locations and even at the site by junior or unskilled persons. Moreover, this leads to a greater freedom of choice of materials for the various components, because for instance the suitability of the various components for being welded together need no longer be taken into account. Because the discharge structure can be assembled at sales locations or at the site, the gas exhaust pipe and the casing can also be adapted to the dimensions at the site. This can be the case both in new buildings or renovation and in replacement after a period of use.
Herein, a modular assembly has been rendered possible, wherein a number of sizes of each component are kept in stock in the factory, at the wholesalers or at the sales location, and wherein the discharge structure can simply be assembled on order at that location, one step prior to the delivery to the installer or contractor, adapted to his requirements.
The modular assembly also renders it possible to cater for specific requirements and wishes for discharge structures confined to specific gas applicances.
It is furthermore preferred that the first abutment surfaces are arranged for detaining the combustion gas exhaust means in outward direction, the combustion gas exhaust means being provided with second abutment surfaces for detaining the combustion air supply means in outward direction, the combustion air supply means being provided with third abutment surfaces for detaining the casing in outward direction, and the retaining portion comprising inner abutment surfaces, which can be stayed at a chosen location on the gas exhaust pipe. Consequently, assembling the discharge structure according to the invention is very simple. The assembler or installer takes the gas exhaust pipe and then consecutively slides on the combustion gas exhaust means or hood, the combustion air supply means or hood, possibly an insulating sleeve and the casing from the inner end of the gas exhaust pipe, until the combustion gas exhaust means is detained at the outer end of the gas exhaust pipe by the retaining portion. A returning movement of these components is thereafter prevented by the adjustable retaining portion, also referred to as the inner abutment surfaces. Prior to this, the assembler or installer has been able to make the gas exhaust pipe to size by means of for instance a saw. The discharge structure is then ready for arrangement in the work en connection to the gas appliance. Because the important measurements have been taken earlier and have been worked into the discharge structure, this installment can be carried out smoothly, so that the workspeed can be increased.
Depending on the type of combustion gas exhaust means it may be necesary, in order to render the above-mentioned sliding action possible, to let it consists of two parts, in the manner as described as a preference for a hood in claim 5.
A simple embodiment of the inner abutment surfaces is described in claims 9 and 10.
The combustion gas exhaust means can be formed by an outer end of the inner pipe itself, such as by a shoulder integrally formed therewith but is preferably formed by a combustion gas exhaust hood, especially in vertical discharge structures. In that case a preferred embodiment of the discharge structure according to the invention can be described in the manner as done in claim 8.
From the point of view of gas flow, it has been found to be advantageous if the combustion gas exhaust hood, if present, especially the wind shield band thereof, is formed taperingly from the inner end towards the outer end. It is even more preferred herein if the hood is formed taperingly on both the internal and the external side thereof. This not only achieves a flow-promoting guidance for the combustion gasses supplied through the inner pipe and escaping via the combustion hood, but a draught-promoting effect is also achieved when outside air strikes the tapered outer surface of the gas exhaust hood. An additional advantage is that, if the gas exhaust hood is realized in two parts, that is to say with a detachable cover plate, the remaining portions of the exhaust hood can be nested and can moreover be easily formed by means of injection-moulding.
In the case of gas appliances of the type having an improved efficiency, i.a. Dutch test requirements require the arrangement of an insulating sleeve or casing around the gas exhaust pipe to prevent the forming of condensate, which cannot be discharged from the boiler, and/or to prevent heating of combustion air. In this case, the discharge structure, executed according to the description of claim 11, is advantageous.
The first and the inner abutment surfaces are preferably executed such that they are not only active in axial direction, but also in radial direction, in order to stay the various components, which have to be kept concentrically relative to each other, in radial direction relative to each other.
In the discharge structure according to the invention, there is a free choice of material, except for requirements relating to corrosion resistance, fire resistance and sun light resistance. Consequently, the components can be manufactured from a synthetic material, with the possible exception perhaps, on account of the temperatures, of the inner pipe means. This is especially advantageous for a discharge structure because thus provisions, which are complicated but advantageous from the point of view of flow technique, become possible in an inexpensive way. This especially holds true for the combustion gas exhaust means and the combustion air supply means and the casing at the location of the air supply means. The use of a synthetic material, moreover, offers possibilities regarding the use of colours, without a supplementary surface treatment, as a consequence of which the discharge structure, if so desired, will be able to have a less obvious presence or, contrary to this, can be given a contrasting colour.
The invention will now be explained by means of a discussion of a number of embodiments of a discharge structure according to the invention, shown in the accompanying drawings. The following is shown in:
figure 1: a vertical embodiment of the discharge structure according to the invention, a view on the discharge structure being shown on the left hand side and a cross section of the discharge structure being shown in the right hand side,
figure 1A: a detail on the bottom side of the discharge structure of figure 1,
figure 1B: a detail of the air supply hood of the discharge structure of figure 1,
figure 1C: a detail of the air supply hood / draught hood of the discharge structure of figure 1,
figure 2: an alternative embodiment of the discharge structure according to the invention; and
figure 2A: a detail of the connection of the air supply hood and the combustion gas exhaust hood of the discharge structure of figure 2;
The discharge structure 1 of figure 1 comprises an inner pipe 20 for discharge of combustion gasses in the direction B, towards the outside, an outer pipe 30, for the supply of combustion air in the direction A, from the outside to a boiler (not shown), an air supply hood 40, a combustion gas exhaust hood 50, an insulating sleeve 60, a retaining ring 70 and a clamping ring 80. The discharge structure can either connect directly with its bottom end to the connecting pieces of the boiler, or to concentric line components connected thereto, or can be connected thereto via a so-called manifold and parallel line components. The inner pipe 20 passes on its outer end, in this case its upper end, via an annular shoulder 22 into a portion having a larger diameter 21. What is especially important here is the shoulder 22, of which the function will be further discussed below. In the drawing, the outer pipe 30 consists of two parts 30a and 30b. The pipe part 30a herein has a length, corresponding to the regulations concerned. The outer pipe 30b can simply be adapted in length to the situation in situ. At its bottom side, pipe part 30a is provided with a storm collar 39', and also with a retaining ring 39'' situated therein, and active in radial direction for keeping the pipe part 30b in position relative to pipe part 30a. The storm collar 39' furthermore serves to accommodate the upper end of a so-called adhering plate (i.e. flat roof adaptor for bitumen) 90, for sealing the passage through the roof 10. The adhering plate 90 sealingly connects to the roof covering (not shown). At its upper end, the pipe part 30a is provided with a number of radial partitions 31 distributed in circumferential direction, which partitions are provided on their outer upper end with a recess 32. Below these small partitions 31, immediately adjacent thereto, are situated radially projecting spacing fingers 34 which are also evenly distributed over the circumference. Furthermore, below these, there are located two roundgoing head up rings 35 and 36, and below these there are located roundgoing fastening ribs 37 and 38. These ribs can receive a sealing ring between them, in case an adhering plate 90' is placed at that location. Such an arrangement, in which the discharge structure extends less far above the roof than is shown on the right hand side of figure 1, is admissible in some countries.
At its bottom side, the air supply hood 40 is provided with an annular supply opening for ambient air and starts, considered from the bottom upwards, with an edge 42, a first essentially cylindrical portion 41, which passes via a first radial step into a second, essentially cylindrical portion 43 having a reduced diameter, which portion 43 passes via a tapering portion 45 into a second, essentially radial step, which finally ends in a third essentially cylindrical portion 46. A raised roundgoing collar 47 is situated radially outside the portion 46, while between both parts 46 and 47, in the second radial step, a number of air passages 48 are present, evenly distributed in circumferential direction, which air passages form a short circuit between the passage from the outside to the annular line and the ambient air so as to vent the surplus of air.
The gas exhaust hood 50 comprises, considered from the bottom upwards, an annular bottom portion 55, provided on its radial inner side with a raised ring 54, situated more outwardly with a depending ring or series of projections 56 and even more outwardly with a downwardly extending ring 57. Above the annular bottom 55, a roundgoing, slightly tapering screen 58 or wind shield band is situated, connected to the bottom by means of raised portions 51' and to the roundgoing lid suport 53 via legs 51''. In this way, draught openings 59' are left clear below the screen 58 and exhaust holes 59'' are left clear above the screen 58. The lid 52 is situated on top of the exhaust hood, by which means it is prevented that rains comes in or that objects fall into the exhaust hood and that otherwise the functioning of the exhaust hood is improved by deflecting fall wind.
The collar 47, the annular bottom portion 55 and the ring 57 form a labyrinth-shaped screen for the air openings 48, so that rain can be prevented from entering and a gust of wind can also not impair the air pressure surplus-reducing action of the openings 48.
An insulating sleeve 60 is placed around the inner pipe 20, which insulating sleeve extends from the lower end of the outer pipe 30 up to the gas exhaust hood.
Assembling the discharge structure 1 is done as follows. The pipe 20 is kept upside down, with the widened portion 21 pointing downwards. If necessary, this widened portion 21 can be placed on a raising having a fitting, comparable diameter. Then, first, the gas exhaust hood 50 is slid on the inner end or lower end, now the upper end, of the inner pipe, until the ring 54 touches the shoulder 22. The exhaust hood is hereby detained against further displacement and moreover centered relative to the inner pipe. Subsequently, the air supply hood 40 is made to slide downwards over the inner pipe, until the axial annular portion 46 touches the annular bottom 55 of the exhaust hood 50. The portion 46 is herein retained in radial direction by the ring or series of cams 56. In the case shown here, in which an insulating sleeve 60 is present, the diameter of the portion 46 of the supply hood 40 is chosen such, that radial space is present for the insulating sleeve. The next step is that the insulating sleeve is slid over the inner pipe until what is then the bottom extremity, also touches the annular bottom 55 of the exhaust hood, and is centered at that location by the portion 46 of the supply hood 40. Next, the outer pipe 30 is lowered over the inner pipe 20 and the insulating sleeve 60, until the upper edge of the recesses 32 of the small partitions 31 touches the inner surface of the area of the wall of the supply hood 40 near the transition from the cylindrical portion 43 and the first step thereof (Fig.1B). Consequently, the outer pipe is detained both in axial direction and in radial direction relative to the preceding parts. The small partitions 31 between them create air flow openings. The fingers 34 also contribute to the centering of the parts 30 and 40 relative to each other and also leave clear flow openings. Air can therefore flow in from the outside, past the edge 42, between the fingers 34 through the space 44 and between the small partitions 31, to the inside so as to enter the annular space between the outer pipe 30 and the insulating sleeve 60 and to flow in the direction A.
When the outer pipe has been installed, the retaining ring 70 is installed, which retaining ring is provided with two rings 71 and 73, placed concentrically relative to each other and being connected to each other by means of small radial partitions 72. These small radial partitions between them leave clear sufficient flow openings for the combustion air supplied to a manifold, not shown in more detail, which is connected to the inner end of the annular space in an almost sealing manner, and which connects on its other side to the air supply and the gas exhaust of the gas appliance. On its upper end, seen in figure 1, the inner ring 73 is provided with a locating edge 74, with which the insulating sleeve 60 is positioned relative to the inner pipe 20. The ring 71 is formed such that it connects smoothly onto the outer pipe 30b. Finally, a ring 80, closely fitting onto the inner pipe 20, is slid on until it abuts retaining ring 70 and then secured by means of tipped screws 81 on the inner pipe 20. The result then is that the exhaust hood 50, the supply hood 40, the outer pipe 30 and the insulating sleeve 60 are retained between the shoulder 22 and the clamping ring 80. After this has happened, the discharge structure is turned over and the lid 52 is secured onto the exhaust hood 50. This can for instance be done by means of screws or by means of a snap connection.
The various components of the discharge structure according to the invention can be manufactured from aluminium, highgrade or not, stainless steel, steel, galvanized according to the Sendzimir process. Due to the chosen method of composition, however, most components can be made of a synthetic material. This applies to the gas exhaust hood (PBT), the air supply hood, which is not subjected to high temperatures and can for instance be made from PVC, the part of the outer pipe 30a projecting above the roof, and the part of the outer pipe 30b below the roof, which can both also be manufactured from synthetic material, such as PVC or PE, the retaining ring and the clamping ring.
Figure 2 shows an alternative discharge structure 101, built up substantially from an inner pipe 120, a casing 130 an air supply hood 140, a combustion gas exhaust hood 150. The discharge structure 101 is essentially similar to the discharge structure shown in figure 1. The combustion gas exhaust hood 150 is however more tapering than the combustion gas exhaust hood 50. Compared to usual circular-cylindrical combustion gas exhaust hoods, a calm flow pattern is obtained, while maintaining the guiding and wind screening function. Moreover, the combustion gas exhaust hood 150, of which the lid 152 is removable, can be nested, so that during transportation from for instance the manufacturer to the next link in the supply chain, less space will be required. The chosen shape also offers advantages for the manufacturing process, because of its self-releasing shape.
Another special feature of the discharge structure of figure 2 is shown in figure 2A. Especially when the combustion gas exhaust hood is made of another material than the air supply hood 140, for instance when the former is made of injection aluminium and the latter is made of a synthetic material, it can be desirable to install a temperature buffer in the shape of a ring 200 which is concentrical to the centre line of the discharge structure and is made from, for instance, PBT synthetic, which has a high temperature resistance.
When temperature causes no problems regarding the connection of the types of material for combustion gas exhaust hood and air supply hood, the ring 200 can also be applied as a optional component on the previously mentioned short circuit between the passage from the outside to the annular line and the ambient air to vent the surplus of air, if desired. For this purpose, the ring 200 is provided with depending projections 202 which are spaced from each other in circumferential direction, and between them leave clear radial passages 203, through which a surplus of air can flow from within the air hood towards the outside, around the downwardly extending ring 157.
It will be clear that in figures 1 and 2, corresponding parts have similar reference numerals, increased by 100 for figure 2.

Claims

Discharge structure (1;101) for closed gas appliances having an inner end and an outer end, comprising: an outer tubular casing (30;130) having an outer end and an inner end; an inner gas exhaust pipe (20;120) for the exhaust of combustion gasses having an outer end and an inner end, the inner pipe being placed inside the casing to define an annular supply line for combustion air therewith; a combustion air supply means (40;140), such as an air hood forming a connection between the ambient air and the annular supply line, near the outer end of the annular supply line; a combustion gas exhaust means (50; 150), such as a hood forming a connection between the ambient air and the gas exhaust pipe, near the outer end thereof, and which is placed further from the inner end of the discharge structure than the combustion air supply means; and further comprising retaining means (22, 54, 46, 55, 70, 80) for axially keeping together in a mechanical manner the casing, the gas exhaust pipe, the combustion gas exhaust means and the combustion air supply means, wherein the retaining means comprise first abutment surfaces (22) which are located at the outer end (21;121) of the gas exhaust pipe (20;120) which are integral therewith and are shaped to act in a direction toward the inner end of the discharge structure, characterized in that the casing (30;130) and the gas exhaust pipe (20;120) have inner ends that are concentric to each other the retaining means (22, 54, 46, 55, 70, 80) are arranged on the discharge structure itself for detachably keeping together at least the casing (30;130), the gas exhaust pipe (20;120) and the combustion air supply means (40;140) and comprise an adjustable retaining portion (70, 80) on the inner end of the discharge structure engaging the inner end of the casing (30;130), the adjustable retaining portion and the first abutment surfaces staying between them in series the combustion air supply means (40;140) and the casing (30;130) and - if a separate part - the combustion gas exhaust means (50;150).
Discharge structure according to claim 1, wherein the first abutment surfaces (22) are integrally formed with the outer end of the gas exhaust pipe (20;120).
Discharge structure according to claim 1 the first abutment surfaces (22) being formed on the outer end of the gas exhaust pipe (20;120) itself for detaining the combustion gas exhaust means (50;150) in outward direction, the combustion gas exhaust means or the gas exhaust pipe (20;120) being provided with second abutment surfaces (55) for detaining the combustion air supply means (40;140) in outward direction, the combustion air supply means being provided with third abutment surfaces for detaining the casing in outward direction, and the retaining portion further comprising inner abutment surfaces (70,80) which can be secured at a chosen location on the gas exhaust pipe.
Discharge structure according to claim 3, wherein the first abutment surfaces (22) are formed as a radially outwardly projecting shoulder integrally formed on the outer end of the gas exhaust pipe (20).
Discharge structure according to claim 3 or 4, the combustion gas exhaust means (50;150) comprising a hood, consisting of a first part, slidable over the gas exhaust pipe, from the inside towards the outside, upto against the first abutment surfaces (20) and preferably consisting of a second part (52;152), mountable on the first part and comprising a shield member which can be placed in front of the external discharge of the gas exhaust pipe (20;120).
Discharge structure according to claim 5, the combustion gas exhaust hood (150) being formed taperingly from the inner end towards the outer end, the outer end being the widest end.
Discharge structure according to claim 6, the combustion gas exhaust hood (150) being formed taperingly on both the internal and the external side thereof.
Discharge structure according to claim 1, the combustion gas exhaust means being integrally formed onto the gas exhaust pipe and the first abutment surfaces being arranged to detain the combustion air supply means in outward direction, the combustion air supply means being provided with second abutment surfaces to detain the casing in outward direction and the discharge structure further comprising inner abutment surfaces, which can be secured at a chosen location on the gas exhaust pipe and which form an adjustable retaining portion for detaining the casing in inward direction.
Discharge structure according to any one of the claims 3-8, the inner abutment surfaces comprising a retaining part (70) and a clamping part (80), which are consecutively slidable from the inner end onto the gas exhaust pipe (20;120), the clamping part being provided with securing means, such as a sharp-tipped screw (81), for securing on the gas exhaust pipe against sliding back.
Discharge structure according to claim 9, the clamping part comprising a ring (80) which is slidable onto the gas exhaust pipe.
Discharge structure according to any one of the claims 3 to 10, an insulating sleeve (60) being placed in the annular supply line, which reaches to at least near the outer end of the combustion air supply means (40) and is detained directly or indirectly on its outer end in outward direction by the first abutment surfaces (22), the gas exhaust pipe (20) or the combustion gas exhaust means (50) and which is detained on the inner end in inward direction by the inner abutment surfaces (70, 80).
Discharge structure according to any one of the claims 3-11, the first (22) and the inner (70. 80) abutment surfaces being provided with means (73, 74, 75) for keeping the gas exhaust pipe (20) and the casing (30) and, if present, the insulating sleeve (60), concentrical relative to each other.
Discharge structure according to any one of the preceding claims, one or more of the said parts being made of synthetic material.
Discharge structure according to claim 13, the combustion gas exhaust means (50) being manufactured from a high-temperature-resistant synthetic, such as PBT-synthetic.
Discharge structure according to claim 13, when depending on claim 4, the combustion gas exhaust means (130) being manufactured from a injection moulding aluminium and the combustion air supply means (140) being manufactured from a synthetic material, an intermediate ring (200) of a high-temperature-resistant synthetic, such as PBT, being placed between these two.
Discharge structure according to any one of the preceding claims, the casing (30) being built up of at least two parts (30a, 30b), a casing part (30a) forming the portion of the casing situated outside the roof or wall.