EP0652851A1 - Procede et dispositif de traitement electrochimique d'eau ou d'eaux usees contenant du calcium et/ou du magnesium - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de traitement electrochimique d'eau ou d'eaux usees contenant du calcium et/ou du magnesium

Info

Publication number
EP0652851A1
EP0652851A1 EP94917668A EP94917668A EP0652851A1 EP 0652851 A1 EP0652851 A1 EP 0652851A1 EP 94917668 A EP94917668 A EP 94917668A EP 94917668 A EP94917668 A EP 94917668A EP 0652851 A1 EP0652851 A1 EP 0652851A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
water
phosphorus
cathode
anode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94917668A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Friedrich Schwaiger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PHOSTRIP-ABWASSER-TECHNIK GmbH
Original Assignee
PHOSTRIP-ABWASSER-TECHNIK GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PHOSTRIP-ABWASSER-TECHNIK GmbH filed Critical PHOSTRIP-ABWASSER-TECHNIK GmbH
Publication of EP0652851A1 publication Critical patent/EP0652851A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1215—Combinations of activated sludge treatment with precipitation, flocculation, coagulation and separation of phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the electrochemical treatment of calcium- and / or magnesium-containing water or wastewater, in particular municipal and / or commercial wastewater, which is chemically and / or biologically using microorganisms for the purpose of Phosphorus and / or nitrogen elimination is treated; It relates in particular to a method and a device for the electrochemical and / or microbiological elimination of phosphorus and / or nitrogen from water, in particular municipal or commercial waste water, which in a pretreatment system or in a sewage treatment plant, a cleaning process (preferably a biological one) Cleaning).
  • a cleaning process preferably a biological one
  • the phosphorus and nitrogen content of the water in particular the municipal and commercial waste water, forms the nutrient basis for an often uncontrollable algae wax Turn, so that great importance must be attached to the extensive elimination of the phosphorus and / or nitrogen contents in each wastewater treatment in order to relieve the water.
  • the phosphate dissolved in the water or waste water is converted into sparingly soluble iron or aluminum or calcium phosphates by adding precipitants, preferably based on iron or aluminum salts (in exceptional cases also by adding calcium hydrate) - phate converted.
  • the dissolved iron or aluminum salts used as precipitants contain chloride and / or sulfate anions. These water-soluble anions remain in the water after the phosphate precipitation and bring about its salting-up, for example according to the equation:
  • the precipitants used can also cause undesirable side reactions, for example undesirable changes in the acid capacity, the pH value and impairments in the biological wastewater treatment.
  • undesirable side reactions for example undesirable changes in the acid capacity, the pH value and impairments in the biological wastewater treatment.
  • chemical precipitants for the phosphate elimination with the help of chemical precipitants, correspondingly complex storage and dosing devices have to be built and product quantities have to be kept in stock. This is associated with additional investment and operating costs as well as for metering devices including measuring and control devices and for the disposal of the additional precipitation sludge.
  • the object of the invention was to further develop the state of the art in the field of phosphorus and / or nitrogen elimination from water, in particular waste water, in order to achieve the undesirable phosphorus and / or nitrogen contents in an even more effective and substantially more economical and environmentally friendly manner to be further minimized in order to meet the increasing requirements of the government and to ensure the best possible environmental protection.
  • the water or wastewater containing phosphorus and / or nitrogen to be treated is in a line or in a basin, preferably in a ventilated activated sludge basin, using electrodes Made of the same or different electrically conductive materials connected to a DC power source are subjected to an electrochemical and / or biological treatment at constant voltage or constant current flow.
  • the invention therefore relates to a method of the type mentioned at the outset, which is characterized in that at least two electrodes made of the same or, preferably, different materials are introduced into the water to be purified and contain phosphorus and / or nitrogen and are connected to a direct current source be connected, with a constant current flow or a constant voltage in the presence of an (optionally dissolved) oxidizing agent, optionally with the addition of alkalis, an electrochemical treatment is carried out to reduce the phosphorus and / or nitrogen dissolved in the water leads, on the one hand the phosphorus-containing precipitation products formed are separated off and on the other hand the phosphate-enriched biomass, which arises as a result of increased biological activity of the microorganisms contained in the treated water, is drawn off as excess sludge.
  • the invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method described above, which is characterized in that it comprises a (preferably) closed control cabinet (S) in which a direct current source, devices for regulating the current flow and / or the voltage of the direct current source and Line connections are arranged to the direct current source,
  • S closed control cabinet
  • Electrodes made of the same or, preferably, different materials, which are attached to a support frame (T) which is inserted into the water to be treated, and
  • the device for electrochemical / biological P and / or N elimination from water and waste water used to carry out the method according to the invention as can be seen from the attached FIG. 2, consists of a control cabinet S and one or more electrode packages connected to it that are immersed in the water to be treated.
  • the control cabinet is fed by a 220/380 volt power connection and its design / insulation corresponds to the regulations of the applicable standards. It is preferably set up outdoors in the vicinity of the connected electrodes E.
  • a direct current can be produced in the range from 5 to 100 volts and 2 to 40 amperes, preferably a smoothed direct current in the range from 10 to 40 volts and 10 to 20 amperes
  • a rectifier device provided inside the control cabinet is used.
  • a device is provided which ensures an adjustable constant current output by automatically adapting the voltage to the continuously changing conductivity of the water to be treated.
  • it is also possible to keep the voltage constant with variable current output.
  • the control and transformation in the control cabinet is carried out in such a way that under no circumstances, even in the event of a fault, can the primary voltage break through to the output part and the voltage of a maximum of 48 volts is never exceeded there.
  • the control device has one or more DC outputs for connecting the electrodes.
  • the control unit can be programmed in such a way that an automatic polarity reversal of the current flow takes place after adjustable time intervals of 2 minutes to 1 month, preferably 2 times a day for 5 minutes to 3 hours, in order to remove deposits the cathode (s). If several electrode packs or sets of electrodes are used, the polarity reversal is preferably carried out sequentially.
  • Each of the electrode sets used consists of at least one cathode and at least one anode, preferably one anode and two cathodes.
  • electrode material electrode shape, electrode size and electrode arrangement, reference is made to the explanations below.
  • the electrical power consumption is very low, for example, per 1000 m 3 of wastewater and day with approx. 5 kWh.
  • the voltage is less than 40 volts.
  • a medium-hard water with a total hardness of> 5 ° dH is favorable for the function of the method (l ° dH falls 3.68 g P to 19.9 g Ca 5 (P0 4 ) 3 OH).
  • the wastewater is subjected to a cleaning cycle, it being passed through a rake and sand trap 1, a pre-clarification tank 2, an unventilated aeration tank 3, an aerated aeration tank 4 and a post-treatment tank 5.
  • a return sludge screw pump 6 conveys the sludge from the secondary clarifier 5 back into the aerated activation tank 4. Part of the sludge is withdrawn from the circuit as excess sludge 9 and reaches the sludge treatment plant 10.
  • the treated water flows from the secondary clarifier 5 into a receiving water (not shown).
  • electrodes 7, which are connected to a direct current source 8 dip into the waste water and enable an electric field to be built up. This leads to phosphate precipitation, which is associated with the excess
  • Sludge can be removed from the system.
  • the phosphorus is further broken down by microorganisms together with other organic substances and nitrogen compounds in the aerated activation tank 4, special ventilation devices (not shown) ensuring the corresponding supply of oxygen.
  • the electrode material of the anode is (unalloyed) iron or aluminum
  • the electrode material of the cathode should be made of a high-quality alloy, for example V2A steel, V4A steel or another electrical conductive material, for example made of an electrically conductive plastic or an electrically conductive plastic or graphite or titanium.
  • the direct voltage to be applied to the electrodes and the resulting direct current flow depend on the physical data of the electrodes, the conductivity of the aqueous medium located between the electrodes and the desired electrochemical effect.
  • either the voltage or the current flow should be kept constant, it is particularly preferred to keep the current flow constant by adjusting the voltage accordingly.
  • the voltage of the DC voltage source is preferably between 5 and 100 volts, in particular between 10 and 40 volts.
  • the current flow of the direct current source which is preferably kept constant, is preferably within a range from 1 to 100 amperes, in particular from 10 to 20 amperes.
  • the electrodes used according to the invention are preferably of the same size and preferably have an area of 1 to 20 m 2 , in particular 2 to 10 m 2 .
  • the electrodes (both the sacrificial anode and the permanent cathode), which are preferably plate-shaped, can each consist of one or more parts, preferably plate-shaped parts, of different or the same size.
  • the mode of operation of the method according to the invention is, as is currently assumed, based on the following mechanisms, without the invention being restricted thereto, since these mechanisms have not yet been clearly clarified.
  • the anode is made of iron, for example, the electrolytic effect of the direct current releases bivalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ).
  • the water is decomposed electrolytically at the cathode, ie split into H + and ⁇ H ⁇ ions.
  • the hydrogen ions (H + ) are discharged and escape from the system as hydrogen gas.
  • the hydroxyl ions (OH ⁇ ) increase the pH, especially in the area of the cathode, far into the alkaline area.
  • the divalent iron ions (Fe) formed are oxidized to trivalent iron (Fe 3+ ) by the oxygen dissolved in the water, which in turn reacts with the phosphate ions to form insoluble iron phosphate FeP0 4 , which precipitates.
  • the divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) formed on the anode are not only oxidized by the oxygen dissolved in the water, but also by nitrates (NO .--, * " ) dissolved in the treated water or waste water are reduced to elemental nitrogen so that denitrification takes place at the same time.
  • the biological activity of the microorganisms contained therein with respect to P and / or N elimination is greatly increased in the aeration basin or in the denaturation basin in a manner not previously clarified.
  • the anode is made of metallic, unalloyed iron or aluminum and the cathode is made of a high-alloy steel (e.g. V2A or V4A steel) or another conductive material, e.g. made of an electrically conductive plastic or graphite.
  • An anode and a cathode were each installed in a 10 1 plastic container with a small agitator and connected to a direct current source.
  • the DC power source worked at 20 V.
  • the distance between the electrodes was 5 cm.
  • test vessel was filled with wastewater from the activation of a biological sewage treatment plant, and the stirrer and direct current source were switched on. Samples were taken at intervals of 10 min each, filtered and the dissolved phosphate content was determined analytically. Anodes and cathodes made of different materials were tested. The following Table I shows the results.
  • the precipitate consisted of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, as well as small amounts of iron phosphate or iron hydroxide.
  • the electrochemical P elimination was carried out in a test facility. Iron was used as the anode and graphite was used as the cathode, each in the form of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm plates.
  • the electrodes were in one A distance of 10 cm from one another is introduced into waste water containing phosphorus and nitrate from the activation tank of a biological purification stage of a municipal sewage treatment plant and connected to a direct current source. The current was set to 18 amperes at a voltage of 30 volts.
  • the test plant was continuously charged with waste water at a volume of 200 l at 200 l / h, so that the mean residence time was 1 h.
  • the phosphate and nitrogen content of the waste water was analyzed at 30 minute intervals in the inlet and outlet of the test facility. The following values were found:
  • test results reproduced above show in an impressive manner that, at the same time as the P elimination, down to a value far below the legally prescribed limit of 2 mg P0 4 ⁇ P / 1, there is a significant increase in the biological N elimination among the legally prescribed limit value of 18 mg N0 3 - N / 1 has taken place, an effect that was not expected even for the specialist in this field.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de traitement électrochimique d'eau ou d'eaux usées contenant du calcium et/ou du magnésium, notamment d'eaux d'égout communales et/ou d'eaux usées industrielles qui sont traitées chimiquement et/ou biologiquement au moyen de micro-organismes afin d'éliminer le phosphore et/ou l'azote. Au moins deux électrodes sont introduites dans l'eau contenant du phosphore et/ou de l'azote et sont raccordées à une source de courant continu. On procède alors à un traitement électrochimique en présence d'un oxydant, le courant ou la tension étant maintenus constants.
EP94917668A 1993-06-01 1994-05-26 Procede et dispositif de traitement electrochimique d'eau ou d'eaux usees contenant du calcium et/ou du magnesium Withdrawn EP0652851A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4318154 1993-06-01
DE4318154 1993-06-01
PCT/EP1994/001710 WO1994027915A1 (fr) 1993-06-01 1994-05-26 Procede et dispositif de traitement electrochimique d'eau ou d'eaux usees contenant du calcium et/ou du magnesium

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0652851A1 true EP0652851A1 (fr) 1995-05-17

Family

ID=6489356

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94917668A Withdrawn EP0652851A1 (fr) 1993-06-01 1994-05-26 Procede et dispositif de traitement electrochimique d'eau ou d'eaux usees contenant du calcium et/ou du magnesium

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0652851A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6929894A (fr)
DE (1) DE9408658U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994027915A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2308590A (en) * 1995-12-22 1997-07-02 Wrc Plc Removing phosphorus from waste water
JP3536092B2 (ja) * 2001-06-11 2004-06-07 群馬大学長 電場を用いた被処理水からのリンの除去方法
DE102010050691B3 (de) * 2010-11-06 2012-03-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren Rückgewinnung von Phospatsalzen aus einer Flüssigkeit
DE102010050692B3 (de) * 2010-11-06 2012-03-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Reaktor zur Rückgewinnung von Phosphatsalzen aus einer Flüssigkeit
WO2013153531A1 (fr) 2012-04-11 2013-10-17 Universidade Do Minho Membrane d'alumine nanoporeuse supportée sur aluminium, procédé d'obtention respectif et son utilisation

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3663413A (en) * 1970-02-06 1972-05-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Device for electrolytically inducing flocculation for water treatment plants
FR2381720A2 (fr) * 1975-05-15 1978-09-22 Chataignier Jean Perfectionnements aux procedes d'epuration des eaux et installation de traitement des eaux pour la mise en oeuvre de ces procedes
JPS5855839B2 (ja) * 1977-06-24 1983-12-12 大機ゴム工業株式会社 電解法を用いた廃水処理方法
US4193854A (en) * 1977-12-23 1980-03-18 Union Carbide Corporation Heavy metal removal from wastewater sludge
JPS62282692A (ja) * 1986-06-02 1987-12-08 Nippon Steel Corp 排水の活性汚泥処理方法
WO1994000388A1 (fr) * 1992-06-30 1994-01-06 Johann Schwabegger Procede de reduction de la teneur en phosphore d'eaux usees

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9427915A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6929894A (en) 1994-12-20
WO1994027915A1 (fr) 1994-12-08
DE9408658U1 (de) 1994-10-13

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