EP0652326B1 - Support post for barrier for stopping falling rocks, with single ground anchor - Google Patents

Support post for barrier for stopping falling rocks, with single ground anchor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0652326B1
EP0652326B1 EP94402534A EP94402534A EP0652326B1 EP 0652326 B1 EP0652326 B1 EP 0652326B1 EP 94402534 A EP94402534 A EP 94402534A EP 94402534 A EP94402534 A EP 94402534A EP 0652326 B1 EP0652326 B1 EP 0652326B1
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Prior art keywords
base
ground
rod
post
periphery
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EP94402534A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0652326A1 (en
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Pascal Rambaud
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01FADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01FADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/60Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
    • E01F9/623Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection
    • E01F9/627Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection self-righting after deflection or displacement
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80Ground anchors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80Ground anchors
    • E02D5/801Ground anchors driven by screwing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2207Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
    • E04H12/2215Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground
    • E04H12/223Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground with movable anchoring elements; with separately driven anchor rods
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2253Mounting poles or posts to the holder
    • E04H12/2261Mounting poles or posts to the holder on a flat base

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The support post (1) for a barrier for protecting against falling rocks includes a shaft (10) bearing on the ground (2) at its foot, and a base (11) on which the shaft (10) is fixed rigidly by means of gussets (15). An attachment rod (5) is driven substantially perpendicularly into the ground as far as an anchor (4) (cement block), according to the so-called exploded pile technique, and passes through a central region (11b) of the base. A coil spring (13) is threaded onto the rod and is held in compression by a nut (14). The base thus bears on the ground (2) by means of prestressing of the spring (13). The lateral forces on the post (1), resulting from the impact of rocks on the barrier, are compensated for by tilting of the base (11) about a tangent to its periphery (11a), against the compression of the spring (13). The stresses on the post are therefore damped, and positioning of the post requires only a single anchoring point. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un poteau de support de barrière de protection, telle qu'une barrière d'arrêt de blocs dévalants, comportant un fût portant en pied sur le sol et maintenu érigé par des moyens d'attache reliés à des points d'ancrage fondés dans le sol.The invention relates to a protective barrier support post, such as a downward blocking barrier, comprising a barrel bearing at the bottom of the ground and kept erected by attachment means connected to points of anchor grounded.

Dans les terrains en forte pente, notamment en région de montagne, il peut exister des risques que des rochers et blocs de pierre détachés de la masse dévalent les pentes et mettent en péril les personnes ou les biens. Pour arrêter ces blocs dévalants avant qu'ils atteignent des zones habitées ou fréquentées, on dispose généralement des barrières de protection, étendues approximativement suivant des lignes de niveau pour être dans l'ensemble perpendiculaires aux trajectoires prévisibles des blocs. Ces barrières sont par exemple constituées de nappes lourdes de filets, typiquement filets anti-sous-marins déclassés. Le poids et les frottements internes du maillage assurent un freinage des blocs avec rebond réduit, et amortissent les efforts sur les poteaux de support.In steep terrain, especially in mountain regions, there may be risks that rocks and boulders detached from the mass hurtle down the slopes and endanger people or property. To stop these downward blocks before they reach inhabited or frequented areas, protective barriers are generally available, extended approximately along level lines so as to be generally perpendicular to the foreseeable trajectories of the blocks. These barriers are for example made up of heavy layers of nets, typically downgraded anti-submarine nets. The weight and the internal friction of the mesh ensure braking of the blocks with reduced rebound, and absorb the forces on the support posts.

Ces poteaux sont généralement maintenus érigés par des haubans et des tirants fixés à des ancrages dans le sol. Couramment, le haubanage nécessite trois ancrages, deux pour des haubans et un pour un ancrage de tirant de pied. Dans la mesure du possible, on prévoit de disposer les haubans et les ancrages en aval de la nappe de filet, pour n'être pas soumis à l'impact direct des blocs dévalants. Selon FR 2 622 611, on réduit le nombre d'ancrages par poteau à deux, les ancrages étant utilisés conjointement par les haubans et tirants de deux poteaux adjacents.These posts are generally kept erected by guy lines and tie rods fixed to anchors in the ground. Typically, the guy line requires three anchors, two for guy lines and one for a foot anchor. As far as possible, provision is made to arrange the shrouds and anchors downstream of the net, so as not to be subjected to the direct impact of the downward blocks. According to FR 2 622 611, the number of anchors per post is reduced to two, the anchors being used jointly by the shrouds and tie rods of two adjacent posts.

Or, ces ancrages sont exécutés dans des terrains peu stables, adjacents à des zones à éboulements, et difficiles d'accès (en raison de la pente). Pour avoir la résistance nécessaire, ils doivent, s'ils ne peuvent se fonder dans de la roche saine, être suffisamment lourds et étendus pour réduire les efforts à l'interface avec le terrain. Ces ancrages sont donc coûteux, et représentent une part non négligeable du coût de l'ouvrage.However, these anchors are made in unstable terrain, adjacent to landslides, and difficult to access (due to the slope). To have the necessary resistance, they must, if they cannot be melted in healthy rock, be sufficiently heavy and extended to reduce the efforts at the interface with the ground. These anchors are therefore expensive, and represent a non-negligible part of the cost of the structure.

On utilise fréquemment, dans le but de maintenir le coût de l'ouvrage à une valeur acceptable, la technique dite de pieu explosé, où l'on pratique dans le sol un forage circulaire de faible diamètre jusqu'à une profondeur correspondant à de la roche consistante, où l'on fait détonner une cartouche d'explosif pour former une chambre à la partie inférieure du forage, on introduit dans le forage une fiche d'acier conformée à son extrémité de façon appropriée pour un scellement, et on remplit de béton le forage.Frequently used, in order to keep the cost of the work at an acceptable value, the so-called exploded pile technique, where circular drilling of small diameter is carried out in the ground to a depth corresponding to the solid rock, where an explosive cartridge is detonated to form a chamber at the bottom of the borehole, a steel sheet is inserted into the borehole shaped at its end suitably for sealing, and filled with concrete drilling.

Par ailleurs, les haubans et tirants sollicitent les ancrages avec une composante tangentielle importante. Si la roche superficielle est meuble ou friable, les chocs résultant de l'impact de blocs dans la barrière finissent par donner du jeu latéral à l'ancrage ; la répartition des efforts sur les différents points d'ancrage est modifiée, ce qui peut entraîner une détérioration précoce de l'ouvrage.In addition, the shrouds and tie rods stress the anchors with a significant tangential component. If the surface rock is loose or brittle, the shocks resulting from the impact of blocks in the barrier eventually give lateral play to the anchor; the distribution of forces on the various anchor points is modified, which can lead to early deterioration of the structure.

Pour réduire le nombre de points d'ancrage nécessaires, tout en augmentant la sécurité de tenue des points d'ancrage, l'invention propose un poteau de support de barrière de protection, telle qu'une barrière d'arrêt de blocs dévalants, comportant un fût portant en pied sur le sol et maintenu érigé par des moyens d'attache reliés à des points d'ancrage fondés dans le sol, caractérisé en ce que le fût est fixé en pied sur une embase qui porte sur le sol au moins par sa périphérie, les moyens d'attache étant constitués d'une unique tige s'enfonçant sensiblement perpendiculairement dans le sol jusqu'à un scellement enterré formant point d'ancrage et traversant une zone centrale de l'embase pour solliciter celle-ci en appui sur le sol par l'intermédiaire de moyens de ressort précontraints suivant la direction de la tige, celle-ci étant en traction.To reduce the number of anchoring points required, while increasing the safety of holding the anchoring points, the invention proposes a protective barrier support post, such as a barrier for stopping downward blocks, comprising a barrel bearing at the foot on the ground and kept erected by attachment means connected to anchor points grounded in the ground, characterized in that the barrel is fixed at the foot to a base which bears on the ground at least by its periphery, the attachment means being constituted by a single rod sinking substantially perpendicularly into the ground until a buried seal forming an anchor point and passing through a central zone of the base to urge the latter to bear on the ground by means of spring means prestressed in the direction of the rod, the latter being in traction.

Il est manifeste que le nombre de points d'ancrage atteint son minimum. Mais de plus, tout effort tenant à renverser le poteau se traduit par un effort de traction sur la tige sensiblement perpendiculairement au sol. En outre, l'interposition des moyens de ressort précontraints écrête l'impulsion de traction, et réduit en conséquence l'amplitude du choc sur l'ancrage, lors d'un impact sur la barrière. De plus, si le sol sur lequel porte l'embase est meuble et se tasse à la suite d'impacts, ce tassement est compensé par la précontrainte. De même, si le béton dans la cavité d'un pieu explosé prenait un jeu dans cette cavité, ce jeu serait repris par les moyens de ressort précontraints.It is obvious that the number of anchor points reaches its minimum. But in addition, any effort to overturn the post results in a tensile force on the rod substantially perpendicular to the ground. In in addition, the interposition of the pre-stressed spring means clips the traction impulse, and consequently reduces the amplitude of the shock on the anchorage, during an impact on the barrier. In addition, if the ground on which the base carries is loose and settles following impacts, this settlement is compensated by the prestressing. Likewise, if the concrete in the cavity of an exploded pile took a clearance in this cavity, this clearance would be taken up by the prestressed spring means.

De préférence, la périphérie de l'embase s'inscrit dans une surface convexe à l'intérieur de laquelle est située la zone centrale traversée par la tige d'attache.Preferably, the periphery of the base fits into a convex surface inside which is located the central zone crossed by the attachment rod.

On comprend que la surface convexe à l'intérieur de laquelle s'inscrit l'embase représente le polygone de sustentation de cette embase, et qu'un basculement du poteau et de l'embase ne peut se produire que suivant une tangente à cette surface. Aussi un couple de renversement appliqué au poteau est reporté sur un rayon allant du point où la tige d'attache traverse l'embase à une tangente à la surface convexe, et trouve son antagoniste dans le couple ayant comme bras le rayon précité, et comme force d'extrémité l'effort axial sur la tige d'attache qui sera d'autant plus faible que le bras est long. On conçoit que si la tige traversait l'embase en dehors de la surface convexe, la résistance au renversement serait nulle dans certaines directions.It is understood that the convex surface inside which the base fits represents the support polygon of this base, and that a tilting of the post and the base can only occur along a tangent to this surface. . Also an overturning torque applied to the post is transferred to a radius going from the point where the attachment rod crosses the base to a tangent to the convex surface, and finds its antagonist in the couple having as aforesaid radius, and as end force the axial force on the attachment rod which will be lower the longer the arm. It is understood that if the rod passed through the base outside the convex surface, the resistance to overturning would be zero in certain directions.

On observera qu'en toute rigueur, dès lors que la périphérie de l'embase porte sur toute son étendue sur le sol, la traversée de l'embase par la tige d'attache se trouve nécessairement à l'intérieur de la surface convexe dans laquelle s'inscrit l'embase, sinon le poteau serait renversé par la mise en précontrainte de la tige par les moyens élastiques. Mais si le passage de la tige d'attache était trop près de la périphérie de la surface convexe dans laquelle s'inscrit l'embase, il suffirait d'un léger tassement du sol (favorisé par la faible longueur du bras de couple, conduisant à des forces élevées) pour que la traversée de la tige se trouve en dehors de la surface convexe qui s'inscrit sur la partie de périphérie d'embase qui repose effectivement sur le sol. Le poteau risquerait alors de se renverser.It will be observed that in all rigor, as soon as the periphery of the base bears over its entire extent on the ground, the crossing of the base by the attachment rod is necessarily located inside the convex surface in which fits the base, otherwise the post would be overturned by the prestressing of the rod by elastic means. But if the passage of the tie rod was too close to the periphery of the convex surface in which the base fits, it would suffice a slight compaction of the ground (favored by the short length of the torque arm, leading at high forces) so that the crossing the rod is outside the convex surface which fits on the periphery portion of the base which actually rests on the ground. The pole could then tip over.

L'embase peut être circulaire, ou être constituée d'au moins trois bras radiaux.The base can be circular, or consist of at least three radial arms.

On aura compris que le fût et l'embase doivent être liés rigidement. On peut disposer des goussets partant radialement de la région de pied du fût pour s'étendre vers la périphérie de l'embase, ou des haubans tendus entre la région de tête du fût et la périphérie de l'embase.It will be understood that the barrel and the base must be rigidly linked. One can have gussets extending radially from the foot region of the barrel to extend towards the periphery of the base, or shrouds stretched between the head region of the barrel and the periphery of the base.

Notamment lorsque le sol est meuble en surface, on peut interposer une semelle entre le sol et l'embase. La semelle répartit les efforts sur le sol, tandis que l'embase porte sur une surface rigide.In particular when the ground is loose on the surface, one can interpose a sole between the ground and the base. The sole distributes the forces on the ground, while the base carries on a rigid surface.

Des caractéristiques secondaires, et des avantages de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre à titre d'exemple, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1A représente une coupe en élévation d'un poteau selon l'invention, prise suivant le plan IA-IA de la figure 1B ;
  • la figure 1B est une vue en plan du poteau de la figure 1A ;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe en élévation d'une variante de l'invention, où le fût est incliné par rapport à l'embase ;
  • la figure 3A est une coupe en élévation suivant les plans IIIA-IIIA de la figure 3B, d'une autre variante de l'invention ;
  • la figure 3B est une vue en plan de la variante de la figure 3A ;
  • la figure 4 représente en élévation un poteau semblable à celui des figures 1, avec une semelle interposée entre le sol et l'embase.
Secondary characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows by way of example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1A represents a section in elevation of a post according to the invention, taken along the plane IA-IA of FIG. 1B;
  • Figure 1B is a plan view of the post of Figure 1A;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a variant of the invention, where the barrel is inclined relative to the base;
  • Figure 3A is a sectional elevation along the planes IIIA-IIIA of Figure 3B, of another variant of the invention;
  • Figure 3B is a plan view of the variant of Figure 3A;
  • Figure 4 shows in elevation a post similar to that of Figures 1, with a sole interposed between the ground and the base.

Selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention choisi et représenté aux figures 1, un poteau 1 dans son ensemble est ancré sur le sol 2, pour supporter une barrière (non représentée) tendue sensiblement suivant une ligne de niveau pour arrêter des blocs de rochers ou pierres dévalant de l'amont, et protéger les régions d'aval. On observera que le sol 2 est représenté ici horizontal pour des raisons de commodités graphiques, mais qu'il est normalement en pente plus ou moins accusée.According to the embodiment of the invention chosen and shown in Figures 1, a post 1 as a whole is anchored to the ground 2, to support a barrier (not shown) stretched substantially along a level line to stop blocks of rocks or stones coming downstream, and protect the downstream regions. It will be observed that the ground 2 is shown here horizontal for reasons of graphic convenience, but that it is normally on a more or less steep slope.

L'ancrage, unique et exécuté à l'emplacement du poteau 1, a été exécuté par la technique dite de pieu explosé ; on a exécuté dans le sol 2, un forage cylindrique 3 sensiblement perpendiculaire à la surface du sol 2 suffisamment profond pour atteindre de la roche bien consistante. On a introduit dans le forage 3 une cartouche d'explosif convenablement dosée, que l'on a fait détonner au fond, en sorte d'obtenir une chambre 4, grossièrement sphérique. Puis on a introduit dans le forage 3 une tige d'attache 5, en acier à haute résistance, dont l'extrémité est conformée de façon appropriée à un scellement, et l'on remplit le forage 3 et la chambre 4 de béton. La tige d'attache 5 est filetée au moins à son extrémité 5a émergeant du sol, pour recevoir un écrou de blocage 14.The anchoring, unique and executed at the location of post 1, was executed by the technique known as exploded pile; was carried out in the soil 2, a cylindrical drilling 3 substantially perpendicular to the surface of the soil 2 deep enough to reach very consistent rock. A well-dosed explosive cartridge was introduced into borehole 3, which was detonated at the bottom, so as to obtain a chamber 4, roughly spherical. Then was introduced into the borehole 3 a fastening rod 5, of high strength steel, the end of which is suitably shaped to a seal, and the borehole 3 and the chamber 4 are filled with concrete. The attachment rod 5 is threaded at least at its end 5 has emerging from the ground, for receiving a locking nut 14.

Le poteau 1 comprend un fût 10, ici tubulaire, fixé à son extrémité de pied 10a à une embase 11, ici circulaire, et qui porte par sa périphérie 11a sur le sol 2. La tige d'attache 5 traverse l'embase 11 dans sa région centrale 11b, par un trou 12, dans l'axe du fût 10. Un ressort hélicoïdal 13 est enfilé sur la tige 5 pour porter sur la région centrale 11b de l'embase 11, et un écrou 14 est engagé sur la tige 5 par l'extrémité 5a, et vissé jusqu'à mettre le ressort 13 en compression, et la tige 5 en traction, de façon que la périphérie 11a de l'embase 11 soit sollicitée en appui sur le sol 2.The post 1 comprises a barrel 10, here tubular, fixed at its foot end 10 a to a base 11, here circular, and which carries by its periphery 11 a on the ground 2. The attachment rod 5 passes through the base 11 in its central region 11b , through a hole 12, in the axis of the barrel 10. A helical spring 13 is threaded on the rod 5 to bear on the central region 11b of the base 11, and a nut 14 is engaged on the rod 5 by the end 5 a , and screwed until putting the spring 13 in compression, and the rod 5 in tension, so that the periphery 11 a of the base 11 is biased in abutment on the ground 2.

Le fût 10 est maintenu perpendiculaire à l'embase 11 par quatre goussets 15 qui partent radialement de la zone de pied 10a du fût 10, où ils sont soudés, pour s'étendre jusqu'à la périphérie 11a de l'embase à laquelle ils sont soudés.The barrel 10 is held perpendicular to the base 11 by four gussets 15 which start radially from the base region 10 a of the barrel 10, where they are welded, to extend to the periphery 11 a of the base to which they are welded.

Ainsi toute force qui sera appliquée au poteau 1 avec une composante transversale, et notamment les forces transmises à la zone de tête 10b du fût 10 par la barrière lors de l'impact de blocs de pierre provoquent un couple de renversement du poteau 1, auquel s'opposera un couple résistant avec un bras constitué par un rayon de l'embase 11 entre sa périphérie 11a et sa zone centrale 11b, les forces appliquées au bras étant constituées pour la région centrale 11b, de la force de compression du ressort 13, et pour la périphérie 11a, de la réaction du sol 2.Thus any force which will be applied to the post 1 with a transverse component, and in particular the forces transmitted to the head zone 10b of the barrel 10 by the barrier during the impact of blocks of stone cause a reversal torque of the post 1, which will resist a resistant couple with an arm constituted by a radius of the base 11 between its periphery 11 a and its central zone 11 b , the forces applied to the arm being constituted for the central region 11 b , of the compression force of the spring 13, and for the periphery 11 a , of the reaction of the soil 2.

Si le couple est modéré, la force appliquée à la zone centrale 11b étant inférieure à la force de précontrainte de la tige 5 due au ressort 13, le poteau restera immobile, sauf éventuellement une pénétration un peu supérieure de la périphérie 11a dans le sol 2 dans la région sollicitée par le couple de renversement, et une diminution résultante de la précontrainte. Si le couple de renversement est plus élevé, il y aura soulèvement momentané de l'embase pivotant autour d'une tangente à sa périphérie dans une direction perpendiculaire à la force de renversement appliquée en tête 10b du fût, la zone centrale de l'embase sollicitant en compression au-delà de la valeur de précontrainte le ressort 13. Puis la détente du ressort 13 appliquera à nouveau l'embase sur le sol.If the torque is moderate, the force applied to the central zone 11 b being less than the prestressing force of the rod 5 due to the spring 13, the post will remain stationary, except possibly a slightly greater penetration of the periphery 11 a in the sol 2 in the region stressed by the overturning torque, and a resulting reduction in prestressing. If the overturning torque is higher, there will be momentary lifting of the swivel base around a tangent at its periphery in a direction perpendicular to the overturning force applied at the top 10 b of the barrel, the central area of the base requesting in compression beyond the prestressing value the spring 13. Then the relaxation of the spring 13 will again apply the base to the ground.

On observera qu'en toute hypothèse, la sollicitation de la tige 5 sera axiale, et les contraintes d'ancrage seront reportées sur la paroi supérieure de la chambre 4, en roche relativement consistante, sans réaction latérale sur les parois de forage 3, en terrain moins consistant. Quand bien même la masse de béton emplissant la chambre 4 prendrait, après des chocs violents dans la barrière, un peu de jeu par rapport aux parois de cette chambre 4, cette masse resterait en appui contre la paroi supérieure de la chambre 4 en raison de la précontrainte. On conçoit que l'entretien de la barrière comporte une surveillance de la précontrainte avec un réglage éventuel.It will be observed that, in any event, the stress of the rod 5 will be axial, and the anchoring stresses will be transferred to the upper wall of the chamber 4, in relatively consistent rock, without lateral reaction on the drilling walls 3, in less consistent ground. Even if the mass of concrete filling the chamber 4 would take, after violent shocks in the barrier, a little play compared to the walls of this chamber 4, this mass would remain in abutment against the upper wall of the chamber 4 due to prestressing. It is understood that the maintenance of the barrier includes a monitoring of the prestressing with a possible adjustment.

Le poteau 1' représenté à la figure 2 s'écarte de la structure du poteau précédent essentiellement en ce que le fût 20 est incliné par rapport à la perpendiculaire à l'embase 21, de façon que la région de tête 20b du fût puisse être, malgré la pente du sol 2 et sans préparation d'un appui d'embase, en surplomb par rapport à la région de pied 20a du côté de l'amont et permettre la suspension d'une barrière en filet lâche verticalement en avant du poteau 1' par rapport à la direction d'arrivée des blocs dévalants. Le fût 20 et l'embase 21 sont solidarisés par des goussets appropriés 25.The post 1 'shown in Figure 2 departs from the structure of the previous post essentially in that the barrel 20 is inclined relative to the perpendicular to the base 21, so that the head region 20 b of the barrel can be, despite the slope of the floor 2, and without preparing a support base, overhanging relative to the root region 20 to the side of the upstream and enable the suspension of a loose mesh barrier vertically forward of the post 1 'relative to the direction of arrival of the downward blocks. The barrel 20 and the base 21 are secured by appropriate gussets 25.

On remarquera que le trou 22 pour le passage de la tige d'attache 5 et le pied 20a du fût 20 sont tous deux dans la zone centrale 21b de l'embase 21, mais décalés latéralement de façon que la tige 5 et le ressort 13 soient à l'extérieur du fût 20, et accessibles.It will be noted that the hole 22 for the passage of the attachment rod 5 and the foot 20 a of the barrel 20 are both in the central zone 21 b of the base 21, but offset laterally so that the rod 5 and the spring 13 are outside the barrel 20, and accessible.

Le poteau 1'' représenté aux figures 3A et 3B présente la particularité que le fût 30 n'est pas fixé d'origine à l'embase 31, et que cette dernière est constituée de trois bras 31a, 31b et 31c rayonnant depuis un moyeu 31d en forme de douille dans laquelle peut s'engager le pied 30a du fût 30, et disposés à 120° les uns des autres.The post 1 '' shown in Figures 3A and 3B has the particularity that the barrel 30 is not originally fixed to the base 31, and that the latter consists of three arms 31 a , 31 b and 31 c radiating from a hub 31 d in the form of a socket in which the foot 30 can engage has a barrel 30, and arranged at 120 ° from each other.

Après ancrage de l'embase 31 sur la tige d'attache 5 avec interposition du ressort 13 entre l'embase 31 et l'écrou 14, le pied 10a du fût 10 est engagé dans la douille de moyeu 31d, et trois haubans 35 sont tendus entre la région de tête 30b du fût 30 et l'extrémité périphérique des trois bras respectifs 31a, 31b, 31c. Cette disposition présente l'avantage de diviser le poids des fardeaux à apporter sur le site, et faciliter le montage des poteaux. En revanche, les haubans sont plus exposés que les goussets à des atteintes directes de blocs.After anchoring of the base 31 on the attachment rod 5 with interposition of the spring 13 between the base 31 and the nut 14, the foot 10 a of the barrel 10 is engaged in the hub bush 31 d , and three shrouds 35 are tensioned between the head region 30 b of the drum 30 and the peripheral end of the three respective arms 31 a, 31 b, 31 c. This arrangement has the advantage of dividing the weight of the burdens to be brought to the site, and facilitating the mounting of the posts. On the other hand, the shrouds are more exposed than the gussets to direct block attacks.

Par ailleurs, la surface convexe qui s'inscrit sur la périphérie de l'embase, et dont les tangentes définissent les axes de pivotement en renversement de l'embase, est un triangle équilatéral. La résistance au renversement est donc différente suivant les directions d'effort de renversement. Il sera avantageux d'en tenir compte lors de l'installation de la barrière, soit pour limiter les efforts sur le fût, soit pour favoriser la résistance de la barrière à des emplacements déterminés, par exemple intermédiaires entre deux poteaux.Furthermore, the convex surface which is inscribed on the periphery of the base, and whose tangents define the pivot axes in inversion of the base, is an equilateral triangle. The resistance to overturning is therefore different depending on the force directions of overturning. It will be advantageous to take this into account during the installation of the barrier, either to limit the forces on the barrel, or to promote the resistance of the barrier at determined locations, for example intermediate between two posts.

Le poteau 1''' représenté à la figure 4 est semblable dans sa structure au poteau 1 représenté figure 1A. Toutefois l'embase 11 ne repose pas directement par sa périphérie 11a sur le sol 2, mais porte sur une semelle 40, analogue à l'embase 11 sans fût ni goussets et de diamètre un peu supérieur à celui de l'embase 11.The post 1 '''shown in Figure 4 is similar in structure to the post 1 shown in Figure 1A. However, the base 11 does not rest directly by its periphery 11 a on the ground 2, but bears on a sole 40, similar to the base 11 without barrel or gussets and with a diameter slightly greater than that of the base 11.

La semelle 40 est maintenue en appui sur le sol par un écrou 41 vissé sur la tige 5, et en outre par la poussée de l'embase 11 sollicitée par le ressort 13.The sole 40 is held in abutment on the ground by a nut 41 screwed onto the rod 5, and in addition by the thrust of the base 11 urged by the spring 13.

Cette disposition convient particulièrement bien lorsque la consistance du sol 2 à proximité de sa surface manque de fermeté. La semelle 40 répartit les forces d'appui sur l'ensemble de la surface du sol qu'elle couvre et offre un bon appui à l'embase pour ses réactions au renversement.This arrangement is particularly suitable when the consistency of the soil 2 near its surface lacks firmness. The sole 40 distributes the support forces over the entire surface of the ground which it covers and provides good support for the base for its reactions to overturning.

On appréciera que les poteaux selon l'invention sont de structure rustique, et qu'ils ne nécessitent qu'un minimum de points d'ancrage. Ils apparaissent de ce fait particulièrement adaptés à l'exécution de barrières économiques, dans des sites où les blocs dévalants possèdent une énergie cinétique limitée, soit en raison de leur masse, soit en raison de la pente. Ils seront donc souvent associés à des filets relativement légers, de type grillage en une ou deux nappes, notamment grillages à mailles hexagonales et double torsion.It will be appreciated that the posts according to the invention are of rustic structure, and that they require only a minimum of anchor points. They therefore appear particularly suitable for the execution of economic barriers, in sites where the downward blocks have a limited kinetic energy, either because of their mass, or because of the slope. They will therefore often be associated with relatively light nets, of the mesh type in one or two layers, in particular hexagonal mesh and double twist mesh.

Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits, mais en embrasse toutes les variantes d'exécution, dans le cadre des revendications.Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples described, but embraces all of the variant embodiments thereof, within the scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

  1. A support post (1) for a guard barrier such as a check barrier for blocks moving down a slope, comprising a shaft (10, 20, 30) bearing at its foot against the ground (2) and held erect by attachment means (5) connected to anchoring points (3, 4) laid in the ground (2) characterised in that the shaft (10, 20, 30) is fixed at its foot on a base (11, 21, 31) which bears against the ground (2) at least by way of its periphery (11a), the attachment means being formed by a single rod (5) which penetrates substantially perpendicularly into the ground (2) to a buried bedding portion (4) forming the anchoring point and passing through a central zone of the base (11b, 21b, 31d) to urge same into contact against the ground by way of spring means (13) which are in a prestressed condition in the direction of the rod (5), the rod being under a tensile load.
  2. A post according to claim 1 characterised in that the spring means are formed by a coil spring (13) fitted on the rod above the base (11, 21, 31) and held in compression against the base by a nut (14) screwed on the end of the rod (5a).
  3. A post according to one of claims 1 and 2 characterised in that the periphery of the base (11, 21, 31) is inscribed in a convex surface, within which is disposed the central zone (11b, 21b, 31d) through which the attachment rod (5) passes.
  4. A post according to claim 3 characterised in that the base (11, 21) is substantially circular.
  5. A post according to claim 3 characterised in that the base (31) is formed by at least three arms (31a, 31b, 31c) extending radially from the central zone (31d) through which the attachment rod (5) passes.
  6. A post according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the shaft (10, 20, 30) is connected to the base by securing means (15, 25, 35).
  7. A post according to claim 6 characterised in that the securing means comprise stay plates (15, 25) extending radially from the shaft (10, 20) in the region of the foot (10a, 20a) towards the periphery (11a, 21a) of the base.
  8. A post according to claim 6 characterised in that the securing means comprise bracing wires (35) disposed between the head region (30b) of the shaft (30) and the periphery of the base (31).
  9. A post according to any one of claims 1 to 8 characterised in that it further comprises a base plate (40) interposed between the periphery of the base (11) and the ground (2).
EP94402534A 1993-11-10 1994-11-09 Support post for barrier for stopping falling rocks, with single ground anchor Expired - Lifetime EP0652326B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9313429 1993-11-10
FR9313429A FR2712334B1 (en) 1993-11-10 1993-11-10 Support post for stop barrier for drop-down blocks, with single anchorage.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0652326A1 EP0652326A1 (en) 1995-05-10
EP0652326B1 true EP0652326B1 (en) 1997-02-05

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EP94402534A Expired - Lifetime EP0652326B1 (en) 1993-11-10 1994-11-09 Support post for barrier for stopping falling rocks, with single ground anchor

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EP (1) EP0652326B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE148754T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69401696T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2097621T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2712334B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10201585B4 (en) * 2002-01-17 2011-06-16 Lohrmann Schlosserei Und Konstruktionstechnik Gmbh guard posts
DE202014102878U1 (en) 2014-06-24 2014-10-27 Ms-Anlagenbau (Vertreten Durch Die Gesellschafterin: Sonja Meier, 78269 Volkertshausen) guard posts

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2745841B1 (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-07-31 Mecelec Ind METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FIXING TO THE FLOOR OF AN URBAN FURNITURE ELEMENT AND TELEPHONE CABIN COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
FR2764618B1 (en) * 1997-06-13 1999-09-03 Tecnivalor METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FLOOR BASING OPPOSING SIDE EFFORTS AND SLIDING
DE19901510A1 (en) * 1999-01-16 2000-08-03 Lothar Stephan Foundation for upright tower above ground, esp. support for windpower plant for electricity production or transmission or receiving installations, has component to which lower end or foot of tower is fixed
FR2816335B1 (en) 2000-11-09 2003-08-15 Mecanroc PROTECTION BARRIER, ESPECIALLY FOR MOUNTAIN SITES
FR2837509B1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2004-10-22 Gtm MASSIVE STRUCTURE FOUNDATIONS SECURED TO THE GROUND BY ACTIVE ANCHORAGES
ITVI20070217A1 (en) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-04 Triveneto Rocciatori Consorzio MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR DETECTING STRESS ON A PROTECTION BARRIER AND PROTECTIVE BARRIER PROVIDED WITH THIS MEASUREMENT DEVICE.
ITBO20110244A1 (en) * 2011-05-03 2012-11-04 Consorzio Triveneto Rocciatori Soc Coop A R L PROTECTION BARRIER AGAINST IMPACTS, AND SUPPORT FOR SUCH A PROTECTION BARRIER
DE202013103524U1 (en) 2013-08-06 2013-08-29 Isofer Ag Posts for a rockfall net and rockfall net
DE202013103523U1 (en) * 2013-08-06 2014-11-07 Isofer Ag Posts for a rockfall net and rockfall net
CN107700476B (en) * 2016-02-24 2019-12-17 广州市卓爵建筑工程有限公司 building pile
CN110593098B (en) * 2019-10-09 2024-04-16 长江水利委员会长江科学院 Bell type anchorage structure of suspension bridge and construction method thereof
CN111720051B (en) * 2020-06-28 2021-07-27 浙大城市学院 Construction method of bored pile for complex inclined rock and boulder geology
CN111979937A (en) * 2020-08-31 2020-11-24 高菲菲 Mining rockfall protection warning device
CN111827915B (en) * 2020-09-08 2022-05-06 大庆市阳鑫石油机械设备制造有限公司 Oil development well head back pressure control device
CN112942178B (en) * 2021-04-26 2022-03-29 江苏华木空间结构有限公司 Steel construction stand and steel construction system that takes precautions against earthquakes

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US3289369A (en) * 1964-08-11 1966-12-06 Spring City Foundry Company Light standard base hold down
GB1242844A (en) * 1967-08-17 1971-08-11 Bernard Whitehead An improvement in or relating to road marker devices or the like
FR2070329A5 (en) * 1969-12-01 1971-09-10 Praet Michel Van
US3676965A (en) * 1970-10-15 1972-07-18 Robert F Deike Pole or post mounting for ground anchor
FR2177176A5 (en) * 1972-03-22 1973-11-02 Hurtado Jean
FR2622611B1 (en) * 1987-10-30 1990-02-23 Mecanroc BARRIER FOR BLOCKS AND DOWNSTREAM STONES
US4887691A (en) * 1988-11-04 1989-12-19 Rotondo/Penn-Cast Modular wall construction using posts and panels
DE9310808U1 (en) * 1993-07-20 1993-09-30 Stewing Andreas Pedestal

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10201585B4 (en) * 2002-01-17 2011-06-16 Lohrmann Schlosserei Und Konstruktionstechnik Gmbh guard posts
DE202014102878U1 (en) 2014-06-24 2014-10-27 Ms-Anlagenbau (Vertreten Durch Die Gesellschafterin: Sonja Meier, 78269 Volkertshausen) guard posts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2712334B1 (en) 1996-02-02
ES2097621T3 (en) 1997-04-01
FR2712334A1 (en) 1995-05-19
ATE148754T1 (en) 1997-02-15
DE69401696D1 (en) 1997-03-20
DE69401696T2 (en) 1997-07-24
EP0652326A1 (en) 1995-05-10

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