EP0651223B1 - Army vehicle - Google Patents

Army vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0651223B1
EP0651223B1 EP94114005A EP94114005A EP0651223B1 EP 0651223 B1 EP0651223 B1 EP 0651223B1 EP 94114005 A EP94114005 A EP 94114005A EP 94114005 A EP94114005 A EP 94114005A EP 0651223 B1 EP0651223 B1 EP 0651223B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
opening
telescopic mast
mast
combat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94114005A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0651223A1 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Otto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz Aerospace AG filed Critical Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
Publication of EP0651223A1 publication Critical patent/EP0651223A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0651223B1 publication Critical patent/EP0651223B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A23/00Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles
    • F41A23/34Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles on wheeled or endless-track vehicles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A23/00Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles
    • F41A23/20Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles for disappearing guns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a military vehicle, in particular an armored combat vehicle, which is provided on its upper side with an opening, which can optionally be closed by a hatch and which has a telescopic mast which can be extended through this opening.
  • elevatable weapon platforms are increasingly required to enable the launching of a missile over obstacles that exceed the height of the combat vehicle, and to be able to use the combat vehicle from full cover for combat missions.
  • a vertically adjustable light combat platform on self-propelled gun is known, which is particularly suitable for combating ground and air targets, with a group of light defense weapons being lifted vertically and out of secure cover onto movable and fixed targets in order to combat this can be brought into the line of fire.
  • the lifting device for the combat platform is supported on the underside, ie the bottom group of the carriage.
  • FR-E-68 309 describes a launching device arranged on a vehicle, the launching tube being at an angle to the vertical both in the transport position and in the launching position.
  • the lower end of the launch tube is deflected at the rear end of the vehicle by a base that can be lowered via cables to be supported on the floor.
  • the launch tube itself is not provided with a platform, nor does it pass through an opening provided on the top of the vehicle and, since it also assumes an inclined position in the launch position, can only launch the projectile in one direction.
  • the object of the present invention is to design a military vehicle in such a way that its dimensions can be considerably reduced while maintaining its stability, so that the military vehicles provided with the telescopic masts can be air-loaded with the conventional transport aircraft or transport helicopters.
  • a military vehicle in particular an armored combat vehicle, which is provided on its upper side with an opening which may be closed by a hatch and which has a telescopic mast which can be extended through this opening
  • the vehicle is provided on its underside with an opening which is oriented perpendicular to the opening on the top and whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the lower part of the telescopic mast.
  • several hydraulic gripping and positioning systems are integrated in the vehicle for the telescopic mast, which are designed so that the mast base can be lowered through the opening at the bottom to the floor.
  • the lower end of the mast foot can be provided with a possibly rotatable floor mandrel and the upper end in a conventional manner with a weapon and / or gyro platform.
  • the extendable telescopic mast (or also an attachable tubular mast) can in the vertical direction the two mutually aligned, ie having a common vertical axis passing through the center, Make circular openings in the top and bottom of an armored combat vehicle.
  • the mast is positioned exactly in the vertical direction by the gripping and positioning systems arranged in the combat vehicle and lowered until the lower end of the telescopic mast reaches the bottom, the bottom mandrel provided at this end penetrating into the ground when the lower end is acted upon accordingly and anchored the mast there, so to speak.
  • the vehicle length for example of a vehicle with a horizontal mast rest, can be reduced to about a third, for example from the previously usual 12 m to 4 m with the same extendable height of the weapon platform of, for example, 9 m above ground.
  • 1 denotes a military vehicle, for example an armored combat vehicle, which is provided on its upper side in a conventional manner with an opening 11 which can be closed, for example, by a circular hatch (not shown).
  • This essentially circular opening is penetrated by an extendable telescopic mast (2 in Fig. 1, 13 in Fig. 2), on the upper end of which a weapon platform 3 is optionally provided with a gyro platform 14 for Launch of a missile 4 over an obstacle schematically indicated by 5.
  • the telescopic mast 2, 13 extends through a tubular shaft 15 in the combat vehicle to a second circular opening 8 provided on the underside 12 of the combat vehicle, which is aligned in the vertical direction to the upper circular opening 11, i.e. directly and is arranged and the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the lower part 16 of the telescopic mast 13.
  • the lower end of the lower part 16 of the telescopic mast can also be provided with a floor mandrel 6 in order to provide the telescopic mast with a better hold after being lowered through the two openings 8, 11 lying one above the other in the floor.
  • a number of gripping and positioning systems 9, 10, two of which are indicated in FIG. 2, are provided for gripping, positioning, extending, lowering and anchoring the telescopic mast 2, 13 in the interior of the combat vehicle. With 16 two floor brackets are also indicated, which can be provided to further increase the stability of the combat vehicle 1.
  • the telescopic mast is supported on the ground below the combat vehicle, the weight of the vehicle is considerably reduced and the center of gravity is lowered.
  • the combat vehicle 1 is only used for the vertical extension of the platforms 3, 14 and for the vertical fine adjustment of the telescopic mast 2, 13 and its subsequent anchoring via the ground mandrel 6 in the underground.
  • the opening 8 provided on the underside 12 is closed by a corresponding cover in order to protect the interior of the combat vehicle against the ingress of environmental influences.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein militärisches Fahrzeug, insbesondere ein gepanzertes Kampffahrzeug, das an seiner Oberseite mit einer Öffnung versehen ist, die ggf. durch eine Luke verschließbar ist und das einen Teleskopmast aufweist, der durch diese Öffnung ausfahrbar ist.The present invention relates to a military vehicle, in particular an armored combat vehicle, which is provided on its upper side with an opening, which can optionally be closed by a hatch and which has a telescopic mast which can be extended through this opening.

Von modernen Abwehrsystemen für die Zukunft, z. B. zur Tiefflugabwehr, zur Panzerabwehr und auch zur Aufklärung werden verstärkt elevierbare Waffenplattformen verlangt, um den Abschuß eines Flugkörpers über Hindernisse hinweg, die die Höhe des Kampffahrzeuges übersteigen, zu ermöglichen und um das Kampffahrzeug aus voller Deckung heraus zu Kampfeinsätzen verwenden zu können.Of modern defense systems for the future, e.g. B. for anti-aircraft defense, anti-tank and also for reconnaissance, elevatable weapon platforms are increasingly required to enable the launching of a missile over obstacles that exceed the height of the combat vehicle, and to be able to use the combat vehicle from full cover for combat missions.

Aus der DE-A-2 205 826 ist eine vertikal verstellbare leichte Kampfplattform auf Selbstfahrlafette bekannt, die besonders geeignet zur Bekämpfung von Boden- aber auch Luftzielen ist, wobei eine Gruppe leichter Abwehrwaffen vertikal gehoben und aus einer sicheren Deckung heraus auf bewegliche und feste Ziele zwecks Bekämpfung dieser in Abschußlinie gebracht werden kann. Die Hebeeinrichtung für die Kampfplattform stützt sich dabei auf der Unterseite, d. h. der Bodengruppe der Fahrlafette ab.From DE-A-2 205 826 a vertically adjustable light combat platform on self-propelled gun is known, which is particularly suitable for combating ground and air targets, with a group of light defense weapons being lifted vertically and out of secure cover onto movable and fixed targets in order to combat this can be brought into the line of fire. The lifting device for the combat platform is supported on the underside, ie the bottom group of the carriage.

Eine derartige Konfiguration ist mit großen Vorteilen im Hinblick auf Taktik, Deckung, Überlebungsfähigkeit und Besatzungssicherheit verbunden. Es wurde deshalb bereits vorgeschlagen, Waffen- und/oder Kreiselplattformen auf einem elevierbaren Scherenmast anzuordnen oder auch auf einem Teleskopmast zu befestigen, die aus einer entsprechenden oberen Öffnung des Kampffahrzeuges ausgefahren werden können und die in Ruhestellung entweder im Kampffahrzeug verstaut oder auf diesem in waagrechter Lage abgelegt werden.Such a configuration is associated with great advantages in terms of tactics, coverage, survivability and crew security. It has therefore already been proposed to arrange weapon and / or gyroscopic platforms on an elevatable scissor mast or also to attach them to a telescopic mast, which can be extended from a corresponding upper opening of the combat vehicle and which are either stowed in the combat vehicle in the rest position or on this in a horizontal position be filed.

Die FR-E-68 309 beschreibt eine auf einem Fahrzeug angeordnete Abschußvorrichtung, wobei das Abschußrohr sowohl in Transportstellung als auch in der Abschußstellung einen Winkel zur Senkrechten einnimmt. Das untere Ende des Abschußrohres ist am hinteren Ende des Fahrzeugs an einem Sockel abgelenkt, der über Kabel absenkbar ist, um sich auf dem Boden abzustützen. Das Abschußrohr selbst ist weder mit einer Plattform versehen noch durchsetzt es eine an der Oberseite des Fahrzeugs vorgesehene Öffnung und kann, da es auch in der Abschußstellung eine geneigte Stellung einnimmt, das Geschoß immer nur in einer Richtung abschießen.FR-E-68 309 describes a launching device arranged on a vehicle, the launching tube being at an angle to the vertical both in the transport position and in the launching position. The lower end of the launch tube is deflected at the rear end of the vehicle by a base that can be lowered via cables to be supported on the floor. The launch tube itself is not provided with a platform, nor does it pass through an opening provided on the top of the vehicle and, since it also assumes an inclined position in the launch position, can only launch the projectile in one direction.

Mit zunehmender Auszugslänge dieser Masten muß das Gewicht und auch die Länge des Kampffahrzeugs zunehmen, um zu gewährleisten, daß das Kampffahrzeug bei ausgefahrenem Mast und daran befestigter Plattform eine ausreichende Standfestigkeit aufweist und auch bei Schräglage keine Kipptendenz zeigt und um im Ruhezustand des Mastes, d. h. eingefahren, diesen z. B. waagrecht abzulegen bzw. transportieren zu können. Dies bedeutet wiederum, daß derartige Waffensysteme mit ihren zwangsläufig großen Abmessungen nicht lufttransportfähig sind, aufgrund der zu geringen Abmessungen und Ladekapazitäten der herkömmlichen Transportflugzeuge bzw. Transporthubschrauber.With increasing extension length of these masts, the weight and also the length of the combat vehicle must increase in order to ensure that the combat vehicle has sufficient stability when the mast is extended and the platform attached to it and does not show any tendency to tilt even when tilted, and in order to keep the mast at rest, ie retracted , this z. B. horizontal or to be able to transport. This in turn means that such weapon systems, with their inevitably large dimensions, are not capable of being transported by air because of the insufficient dimensions and loading capacities of the conventional transport aircraft or transport helicopter.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein militärisches Fahrzeug derart auszugestalten, daß bei gleichbleibender Standfestigkeit dessen Abmessungen erheblich verkleinert werden können, so daß die mit den Teleskopmasten versehenen militärischen Fahrzeuge mit den herkömmlichen Transportflugzeugen bzw. Transporthubschraubern luftverlastbar sind.The object of the present invention is to design a military vehicle in such a way that its dimensions can be considerably reduced while maintaining its stability, so that the military vehicles provided with the telescopic masts can be air-loaded with the conventional transport aircraft or transport helicopters.

Ausgehend von einem militärischen Fahrzeug, insbesondere einem gepanzerten Kampffahrzeug, das an seiner Oberseite mit einer Öffnung versehen ist, die ggf. durch eine Luke verschließbar ist und das einen Teleskopmast aufweist, der durch diese Öffnung ausfahrbar ist, wird zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe vorgeschlagen, daß das Fahrzeug an seiner Unterseite mit einer Öffnung versehen ist, die in senkrechter Richtung zur Öffnung an der Oberseite ausgerichtet ist und deren Durchmesser etwas größer als der Durchmesser des unteren Teils des Teleskopmastes ist.Starting from a military vehicle, in particular an armored combat vehicle, which is provided on its upper side with an opening which may be closed by a hatch and which has a telescopic mast which can be extended through this opening, it is proposed to solve this problem that the vehicle is provided on its underside with an opening which is oriented perpendicular to the opening on the top and whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the lower part of the telescopic mast.

Vorzugsweise sind in dem Fahrzeug mehrere hydraulische Greif- und Positioniersystemene integriert für den Teleskopmast, die so ausgelegt sind, daß der Mastfuß durch die Öffnung an der Unterseite bis zum Boden absenkbar ist.Preferably, several hydraulic gripping and positioning systems are integrated in the vehicle for the telescopic mast, which are designed so that the mast base can be lowered through the opening at the bottom to the floor.

Das untere Ende des Mastfußes kann mit einem ggf. drehbaren Bodendorn versehen sein und das obere Ende in herkömmlicher Weise mit einer Waffen- und/oder Kreiselplattform.The lower end of the mast foot can be provided with a possibly rotatable floor mandrel and the upper end in a conventional manner with a weapon and / or gyro platform.

Der auseinanderziehbare Teleskopmast (oder auch ein aufsteckbarer Rohrmast) kann in vertikaler Richtung die beiden zueinander ausgerichteten, d.h. eine gemeinsame den Mittelpunkt durchsetzende senkrechte Achse aufweisende, kreisförmige Öffnungen in der Oberseite und Unterseite eines gepanzerten Kampffahrzeuges durchsetzen. Der Mast wird dabei durch die im Kampffahrzeug angeordneten Greif- und Positioniersysteme in senkrechter Richtung exakt positioniert und so weit abgesenkt, bis das untere Ende des Teleskopmastes den Grund erreicht, wobei der an diesem Ende vorgesehene Bodendorn bei entsprechender Beaufschlagung des unteren Endes in den Boden eindringt und den Mast dort gewissermaßen verankert. Dies bedeutet, daß der Mast mit der zugehörigen Waffen- und/oder Kreiselplattform sich selbst trägt, d.h. sein Gewicht nicht mehr ausschließlich auf das Kampffahrzeug überträgt, sondern auf den Boden. Dadurch kann die Fahrzeuglänge z.B. eines Fahrzeugs mit waagrechter Mastablage, auf etwa ein Drittel reduziert werden, z.B. von den bisher üblichen 12 m auf 4 m bei gleicher ausfahrbarer Höhe der Waffenplattform von z.B. 9 m über Grund.The extendable telescopic mast (or also an attachable tubular mast) can in the vertical direction the two mutually aligned, ie having a common vertical axis passing through the center, Make circular openings in the top and bottom of an armored combat vehicle. The mast is positioned exactly in the vertical direction by the gripping and positioning systems arranged in the combat vehicle and lowered until the lower end of the telescopic mast reaches the bottom, the bottom mandrel provided at this end penetrating into the ground when the lower end is acted upon accordingly and anchored the mast there, so to speak. This means that the mast with the associated weapon and / or gyro platform carries itself, that is, it no longer transfers its weight exclusively to the combat vehicle, but to the ground. As a result, the vehicle length, for example of a vehicle with a horizontal mast rest, can be reduced to about a third, for example from the previously usual 12 m to 4 m with the same extendable height of the weapon platform of, for example, 9 m above ground.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, in der ein vorteilhaftes Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt ist. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Kampffahrzeugs mit ausgefahrenem zweiteiligen Teleskopmast und
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch das Kampffahrzeug mit ausgefahrenem vierteiligen Teleskopmast.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which an advantageous exemplary embodiment is shown. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a combat vehicle according to the invention with an extended two-part telescopic mast and
  • Fig. 2 shows a section through the combat vehicle with the four-part telescopic mast extended.

In den Zeichnungen, in denen gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind, bedeutet 1 ein militärisches Fahrzeug, beispielsweise ein gepanzertes Kampffahrzeug, das an seiner Oberseite in herkömmlicher Weise mit einer Öffnung 11 versehen ist, die beispielsweise durch eine nicht dargestellte kreisförmige Luke verschließbar ist. Diese im wesentlichen kreisförmige Öffnung wird durch einen ausfahrbaren Teleskopmast (2 in Fig. 1, 13 in Fig. 2) durchsetzt, auf dessen oberen Ende eine Waffenplattform 3 gegebenenfalls mit Kreiselplattform 14 vorgesehen ist, zum Abschuß eines Flugkörpers 4 über ein mit 5 schematisch angedeutetes Hindernis hinweg.In the drawings, in which the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals, 1 denotes a military vehicle, for example an armored combat vehicle, which is provided on its upper side in a conventional manner with an opening 11 which can be closed, for example, by a circular hatch (not shown). This essentially circular opening is penetrated by an extendable telescopic mast (2 in Fig. 1, 13 in Fig. 2), on the upper end of which a weapon platform 3 is optionally provided with a gyro platform 14 for Launch of a missile 4 over an obstacle schematically indicated by 5.

Durch einen rohrförmigen Schacht 15 im Kampffahrzeug hindurch erstreckt sich der Teleskopmast 2, 13 bis zu einer an der Unterseite 12 des Kampffahrzeuges vorgesehenen zweiten kreisförmigen Öffnung 8, die in vertikaler Richtung zur oberen kreisförmigen Öffnung 11 ausgerichtet ist, d.h. direkt und ihr angeordnet ist und deren Durchmesser geringfügig größer als der Durchmesser des unteren Teils 16 des Teleskopmastes 13 ist. Das untere Ende des unteren Teils 16 des Teleskopmastes kann ferner mit einem Bodendorn 6 versehen sein, um dem Teleskopmast einen besseren Halt nach Absenkung durch die beiden übereinanderliegenden Öffnungen 8, 11 im Boden zu verschaffen. Zum Ergreifen, Positionieren, Ausfahren, Absenken und Verankern des Teleskopmastes 2, 13 dienen mehrere im Inneren des Kampffahrzeugs vorgesehene Greif- und Positioniersysteme 9, 10, von denen zwei in Fig. 2 angedeutet sind. Mit 16 sind ferner zwei Bodenausleger angedeutet, die zur weiteren Erhöhung der Stabilität des Kampffahrzeuges 1 vorgesehen sein können.The telescopic mast 2, 13 extends through a tubular shaft 15 in the combat vehicle to a second circular opening 8 provided on the underside 12 of the combat vehicle, which is aligned in the vertical direction to the upper circular opening 11, i.e. directly and is arranged and the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the lower part 16 of the telescopic mast 13. The lower end of the lower part 16 of the telescopic mast can also be provided with a floor mandrel 6 in order to provide the telescopic mast with a better hold after being lowered through the two openings 8, 11 lying one above the other in the floor. A number of gripping and positioning systems 9, 10, two of which are indicated in FIG. 2, are provided for gripping, positioning, extending, lowering and anchoring the telescopic mast 2, 13 in the interior of the combat vehicle. With 16 two floor brackets are also indicated, which can be provided to further increase the stability of the combat vehicle 1.

Dadurch, daß der Teleskopmast auf dem Boden unterhalb des Kampffahrzeuges abgestützt wird, wird das Fahrzeug gewichtsmäßig erheblich entlastet und der Schwerpunkt tiefer gelegt. Das Kampffahrzeug 1 dient nur noch zum senkrechten Ausfahren der Plattformen 3, 14 sowie zur vertikalen Feinausrichtung des Teleskopmastes 2, 13 und dessen anschließender Verankerung über den Bodendorn 6 im Untergrund. Nach dem Einfahren und Ablegen des Teleskopmastes wird die an der Unterseite 12 vorgesehene Öffnung 8 durch einen entsprechenden Deckel verschlossen, um das Innere des Kampffahrzeugs gegen das Eindringen von Umwelteinflüssen zu schützen.Because the telescopic mast is supported on the ground below the combat vehicle, the weight of the vehicle is considerably reduced and the center of gravity is lowered. The combat vehicle 1 is only used for the vertical extension of the platforms 3, 14 and for the vertical fine adjustment of the telescopic mast 2, 13 and its subsequent anchoring via the ground mandrel 6 in the underground. After the telescopic mast has been retracted and put down, the opening 8 provided on the underside 12 is closed by a corresponding cover in order to protect the interior of the combat vehicle against the ingress of environmental influences.

Claims (4)

  1. Military vehicle (1), especially an armoured combat vehicle, provided with an opening (11) in its top surface closable by a hatch, and having a telescopic mast (13, 2) extendable through that opening, characterised in that it is provided with an opening (8) in its bottom surface (12) vertically aligned with the opening in the top surface and whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the lower end (16) of the telescopic mast.
  2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that it has a plurality of hydraulic gripping and positioning systems (9, 10) for the telescopic mast, which are so arranged that the lower end of the telescopic mast can be lowered to the ground through the opening in the bottom surface.
  3. Vehicle according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the telescopic mast is provided at its lower end (16) with a ground spike (if appropriate, screwable into the ground).
  4. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the upper end of the mast is provided with a gyroscopic and/or weapons platform (14).
EP94114005A 1993-10-28 1994-09-07 Army vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0651223B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4336843 1993-10-28
DE4336843A DE4336843A1 (en) 1993-10-28 1993-10-28 Military vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0651223A1 EP0651223A1 (en) 1995-05-03
EP0651223B1 true EP0651223B1 (en) 1997-07-30

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EP94114005A Expired - Lifetime EP0651223B1 (en) 1993-10-28 1994-09-07 Army vehicle

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011050537B3 (en) 2011-05-20 2012-10-25 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Gun and military vehicle

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH325501A (en) * 1954-11-26 1957-11-15 Ruf Walter Mortar
DE2205826A1 (en) * 1972-02-08 1973-08-16 Walter Geiss LIGHTWEIGHT MOVING COMBAT PLATFORM FOR FLOOR-FLOOR AND FLOOR-AIR DEPLOYMENT, MOUNTED ON SELF-PROPELLED FATS
DE3688584D1 (en) * 1985-10-14 1993-07-22 Lohr Ind VEHICLE WITH MORTAR STRUCTURE.

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DE59403545D1 (en) 1997-09-04
EP0651223A1 (en) 1995-05-03
DE4336843A1 (en) 1995-05-04

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