EP0650017A1 - Grate for a furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

To releasably fix the grate bars (4) of a grate for refuse-incinerating plants, the edge bars of the fixed-bar rows (3), which are composed of grate bars arranged side by side and coupled in pairs in each case by a bolt (12) fastened to one grate bar (4) and projecting through a longitudinal slot (14) on the adjacent grade bar, are designed as fixed grate bars (4') and are fixed relative to the side wall by a swivel fixing, which with a bolt (12') corresponds to the coupling between adjacent grate bars and at the same time can be designed as a longitudinal fixing with clamping means which can be released from the area lying outside a side cheek (2) and put the bolt (12') under tension directed against the side wall, or also by a correspondingly releasable swivel and longitudinal fixing. In the case of a pure swivel fixing, an additional longitudinal fixing releasable from the area lying outside the side wall is provided, e.g. in the form of a retractable latch projecting into a bore in the fixed grate bar (4') and anchored to a side cheek (2). After the latch is released, the fixed grate bar (4') can be pushed forward and removed from the swivel fixing. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a grate for a combustion system according to the preamble of claim 1. Such grates are used for burning and at the same time further transport of fired goods and are mainly used in waste incineration plants.

Such a grate is known from DE-C-28 08 057, which has at the edge a holding device fastened to a side cheek, by means of which the lateral displaceability of an edge bar towards the center of the grate is limited. However, it leaves vertical margin for the edge bar, which is even unlimited upwards in one version.

Vertical clearance, particularly in the latter case, of course, can easily lead to a whole row of grate bars being gradually pivoted upwards around the grate bar holder, on which the grate bars rest in the area of their rear ends, when firing material penetrates under the front ends of the grate bars. This is a self-reinforcing process, which also leads to local reinforcement of the underwind and thus uneven combustion with locally elevated temperatures as well as to the burning of fuel in the underwind area and consequently to pollution of the same.

On the other hand, with limited vertical clearance, pivoting up and removing grate bars for maintenance purposes is only possible if the holding device is released. In the known version, however, this is only possible from the underwind area, which makes maintenance very difficult.

The invention is intended to remedy this. The invention, as characterized in the claims, creates a grate in which the rows of grate bars are reliably fixed in their angular position and thus preventing a whole row of grate bars from swinging up, while swiveling up rows of grate bars and removing grate bars for maintenance purposes is readily possible without having to enter the downwind area by maintenance personnel.

The advantages achieved by the invention can be seen above all in the fact that the reliability of the firing system is increased significantly during operation. Unwanted movements of grate bars cannot occur. They are so completely fixed that no undesired gaps, which negatively affect the combustion and allow diarrhea of fuel to fall into the underwind area, can form and the width of the air gaps between them, which is crucially important for an even combustion process, is always under control. At the same time, the maintenance effort is reduced, since removal of a grate bar does not require access to the underwind area immediately below the grate bars, but rather all the necessary measures from the side of the grate and possibly from the area below a central beam and on the surface of the grate can be. These advantages result in a significant reduction in operating costs.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Rostes,

Fig. 2

einen Ausschnitt aus einem jeweils zwischen zwei Roststäben verlaufenden Längsschnitt durch den Rost von Fig. 1 im mittleren Bereich,

Fig. 3

einen Ausschnitt aus einem entsprechenden, jeweils zwischen einem Randstab und dem nächsten Roststab verlaufenden Längsschnitt,

Fig. 4

einen unterbrochenen Querschnitt durch eine Feststabreihe und die Verbindungsmittel zwischen den Roststäben und Schwenkfixierungen oder Schwenk- und Längsfixierungen der Randstäbe,

Fig. 5

einen Querschnitt im Randbereich durch eine Schwenk- und Längsfixierung eines Randstabes gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Fig. 6

einen Längsschnitt durch den fixierten Randstab von Fig. 5,

Fig. 7

einen weiteren Längsschnitt durch den fixierten Randstab von Fig. 5,

Fig. 8

einen Querschnitt im Randbereich durch eine Schwenk- und Längsfixierung eines fixierten Randstabes gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Fig. 9

einen Längsschnitt durch den fixierten Randstab von Fig. 8,

Fig. 10

einen Querschnitt im Randbereich durch eine Längsfixierung eines fixierten Randstabes,

Fig. 10a

einen Ausschnitt aus dem Querschnitt gemäss Fig. 10 bei teilweise gelöster Längsfixierung,

Fig. 11

einen Querschnitt im Randbereich durch eine Längsfixierung eines Randstabes gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Fig. 12

einen Ausschnitt aus einem Längsschnitt ähnlich Fig. 3, jedoch bei einer abgewandelten Ausführung mit einem Mittelbalken, wobei der Längsschnitt jeweils zwischen einem Randstab am Mittelbalken und dem nächstfolgenden Roststab verläuft, sowie durch eine Längsfixierung gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform und

Fig. 13

einen Querschnitt durch den Mittelbalken von Fig. 12 mit den beidseits anschliessenden Roststäben und der Längsfixierung.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures which only represent an exemplary embodiment. Show it

Fig. 1

2 shows a perspective illustration of a grate according to the invention,

Fig. 2

1 shows a section of a longitudinal section running between two grate bars through the grate of FIG. 1 in the central region,

Fig. 3

a section of a corresponding longitudinal section running between an edge bar and the next grate bar,

Fig. 4

an interrupted cross section through a row of fixed bars and the connecting means between the grate bars and swivel fixings or swivel and longitudinal fixings of the edge bars,

Fig. 5

2 shows a cross section in the edge area through a swivel and longitudinal fixation of an edge bar according to a further embodiment,

Fig. 6

6 shows a longitudinal section through the fixed edge bar from FIG. 5,

Fig. 7

5 shows a further longitudinal section through the fixed edge bar from FIG. 5,

Fig. 8

2 shows a cross section in the edge region through a swivel and longitudinal fixation of a fixed edge bar according to a further embodiment,

Fig. 9

6 shows a longitudinal section through the fixed edge bar from FIG. 8,

Fig. 10

a cross section in the edge area through a longitudinal fixation of a fixed edge bar,

Fig. 10a

10 shows a section of the cross section according to FIG. 10 with the longitudinal fixation partially released,

Fig. 11

3 shows a cross section in the edge region through a longitudinal fixation of an edge rod according to a further embodiment,

Fig. 12

a section of a longitudinal section similar to FIG. 3, but in a modified version with a central bar, the longitudinal section running between an edge bar on the central bar and the next grate bar, and by a longitudinal fixation according to a further embodiment and

Fig. 13

a cross section through the central bar of Fig. 12 with the grating bars adjoining on both sides and the longitudinal fixation.

1 shows an oblique top view of a grate according to the invention with a grate track 1 which is delimited on both sides by side walls with pressed-on side cheeks 2 which can be displaced to a limited extent. It can also have two or more grating tracks arranged side by side and separated by central beams.

The grating track 1 consists of rows of fixed bars 3 and moving bars 3 'alternating in the longitudinal direction, each of which is formed by grating bars 4 arranged next to one another. The rear ends of the grate bars 4 each rest (FIG. 2) on a grate bar support 5, which is designed here as a rod with a round cross-section, namely they include the same with a front limiting pin 6a and a rear limiting pin 6b, which project downward to show the longitudinal displaceability of the grate bar 4 against the grate bar support 5, namely the same in the transverse direction is alternately encompassed by the limiting pins 6a, b of the grate bars 4 in a semicircular shape or (not shown) semi-oval at a distance, ie giving the grate bar 4 some play in the longitudinal direction, so that adjacent grate bars in Are slightly displaceable in the longitudinal direction. In any case, the grate bars 4 are only placed on the grate bar support 5, that is to say they can be removed after lifting and moved laterally.

At the front end, a surface 7 of the grate bar 4 rising toward the front is bent downwards and forms a front surface 8 which is directed approximately perpendicular to the surface 7. The grate bars 4 of a grate bar row 3, 3 'each lie with the front end on the surface of a grate bar 4 of the next grate bar row 3'; 3 on, d. H. the grate bars of a fixed bar row 3 on those of a moving bar row 3 'and vice versa.

The moving rod rows 3 'are by the grate bar support 5, on which their grate bars rest and which are pivotally suspended and z. B. driven by piston 9 (Fig. 1, only one shown), in a reciprocating in the longitudinal direction cyclical movement, the movements of successive moving rod rows 3 'are each phase-shifted by 180 °. That means that e.g. B. every second moving rod row 3 'is advanced while at the same time the intervening moving rod rows 3' are withdrawn (in Figures 2, 3, 9, 12 the moving rod rows 3 'are each shown solid in one limit position and dash-dotted lines in the other limit position). These opposing movements stoke and advance the firing stock evenly and reliably.

The grate bars 4 are connected on both sides to their closest neighbors by couplings. Each grate bar 4 has two side ribs 10 projecting downward at the side edges. In every second grate bar 4 of a row of fixed bars 3, a bore 11 (FIG. 4) is provided in each of the side ribs 10, into which a pin 12 directed transversely to the longitudinal direction is inserted and held by means of a nut 13. The intermediate grate bars 4 have longitudinal slots 14 open at the back at the same height, through which the bolt 12, which is inserted through the bore 11 on the neighboring grate bar and which carries a head 15 at the end, projects. The bolt 12 prevents, apart from little play, mutual Swiveling adjacent grate bars around the grate bar support 5, at the same time the head 15 and the nut 13 act as crossbars which overlap the edges of the bore 11 and the longitudinal slot 14 and limit the lateral distance between adjacent grate bars. The fact that each bolt 12 on one of the two grate bars 4, which it connects, projects through a longitudinal slot 14 which is open at the rear, does not hinder a slight relative movement of adjacent grate bars in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the connection between adjacent grate bars can in principle be released by pulling forward the grate bar provided with longitudinal slots 14 until the bolt 12 disengages. In operation, however, this is prevented by the rear limiting pin 6b. Likewise, pivoting of adjacent grate bars around the pin 12 is possible in principle.

The grate bars 4 of the moving bar rows 3 'are connected in the same way. In contrast to the moving rod rows 3 ', in the fixed bar rows 3 the edge bar adjoining a wear plate 16 on the side cheek 2 (FIGS. 3, 4) is constructed similarly to the other grate bars 4 and is provided with longitudinal slots 14 in the side ribs 10 Group belongs, a fixed grate bar 4 ', which is connected to the side cheek 2 by a swivel fixation, which is designed in the same way as the coupling which acts between adjacent grate bars. It consists of a bolt designed as a bolt 12 'which protrudes through a bore 11' which penetrates the wear plate 16 and the side cheek 2 and is fastened to the side cheek 2 by means of a nut 13 'screwed onto its outer end. The somewhat thicker inner end carries a head 15 'located within the side rib 10, so that it not only, cooperating with the lower edge of the longitudinal slot 14 as a stop surface, prevents the edge bar 4' from pivoting about the grate bar support 5, but also its removal limited by the wear plate 16 in that the head 15 'as a cross bar forms a stop with the inside of the side rib 10 facing away from the side wall. With the fixed grate bar 4 'and the likewise - in the same or different way - fixed opposite edge bar but because of the connections between adjacent grate bars described above, the other grate bars 4 of the same fixed bar row 3 lying between them are also secured against pivoting.

In contrast to the other grate bars 4, the fixed grate bars 4 'of the fixed bar rows 3 are not provided with rear limiting pins 6b. So that they cannot move away from their position during operation, a longitudinal fixation is provided, which prevents a displacement in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal fixation is designed such that it can be operated from the area lying to the side of the grating track 1.

In the simplest case, the swivel fixation is designed so that it can also be used as a longitudinal fixation. In the described embodiment, the bolt 12 'is pulled outwards by firmly tightening the nut 13', so that the fixed grate bar 4 'is clamped between its head 15' and the wear plate 16 and is immovably fixed. If the nut 13 'is loosened, the longitudinal fixation is indeed removed, but not the swivel fixation, which only loosens when the grate bar 4' is advanced. Instead of the nut 13 'other clamping means, for. B. an eccentric clamp can be used.

In another embodiment of a swivel fixation, which also acts as a longitudinal fixation, there is (Fig. 5-7) a bar directed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the grate track 1 from a cam sleeve 18 and a rotating mandrel 19 surrounded by the same with two symmetrically arranged locking cams 20 at its end who have a crossbar form, which does not protrude radially from the cam sleeve 18. The said cam sleeve 18, which is fixed by a nut 21 in a bore 22 in the side cheek 2, which also penetrates the wear plate 16, extends up to a closed, enlarged slot 23 in the side rib 10 of the fixed grate bar 4 ', but points laterally two fixing cams 24, which protrude into the slot 23 and fill its end regions, while the rotary mandrel 19, which is held in the cam sleeve 18 by a locking nut 25, projects through the slot 23 and the locking cams 20 laterally overlap its edge on the inside of the side rib 10.

By means of the fixing cams 24, the fixed grate bar 4 'is secured against pivoting about the grate bar support 5 and against longitudinal displacement, while the locking cams 20 limit the distance thereof from the wear plate 16.

To release the fixation, the locking nut 25 is first loosened and the turning mandrel 19 rotated by 90 °, so that the locking cams 20 come to coincide with the slot 23. The nut 21 is then also loosened and the entire bolt is withdrawn. The swivel and longitudinal fixation is activated accordingly.

In a further embodiment (FIGS. 8, 9), the bolt is designed as a turning mandrel 19 that can be fixed by a locking nut 25, but which is mounted directly in a bore 22 penetrating the side wall 2 below the wear plate 16 and with its end located outside the side wall 2 a rotary lever 26 and at the opposite end, which protrudes through a recess 27 at the lower edge of the side rib 10 of the fixed grate bar 4 ', is provided with a single locking cam 20 as a cross bar. Since the locking nut 25 exerts an outward pull on the mandrel 19, is by the locking cam 20 which on the The inner surface of the side rib 10 engages over the front edge of the recess 27, the fixed grate bar 4 'is pressed against the wear plate 16 and thus clamped. To solve this swivel and longitudinal fixation, the locking nut 25 is loosened and then the turning mandrel 19 is rotated (FIG. 9) until the side rib 10 is free of the locking cam 20.

In other embodiments, the longitudinal fixation is separated from the swivel fixation, which can correspond to the first embodiment (FIG. 4), with a bolt 12 ', which is secured by the nut 13' but is not exposed to any tension which causes the fixed edge rod 4 'to be clamped . Thus, (Fig. 3, 10, 10a), the side ribs 10 of the fixed grate bar 4 'have somewhat congruent bores 28, which are made slightly in front of the rear end and through which a bar 29, which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction, projects. It also penetrates a bore 30 lying in line with the bores 28 in a tab 31 which projects between the side ribs 10 of the fixed grate bar 4 'and is attached to the grate bar support 5 of the corresponding fixed row 3. which is however limited by the swivel fixation. Otherwise, it defines the position of the same with respect to the corresponding (fixed) grate bar support 5 and thus also the other fixed parts of the grate.

The bolt 29 protrudes through an air opening 32 of the side cheek 2 into a securing tube 34 which is closed at the outer end by a cover 33 and which is screwed into an opening 35 on the outside of the side cheek 2. It can be unscrewed after opening a revision door 36 by means of a wrench which engages on a hexagon 37 fastened to the outside on the cover 33 (FIG. 10a), after which the bolt 29 is pulled out using a pair of pliers and the longitudinal fixation can thus be released.

Of course, many variants of such a longitudinal fixation are possible, in particular other structural solutions can be selected instead of the bores 28, 30, it is crucial that the bolt interacts with a rear-facing holding surface on the grate bar support and with a forward-facing locking surface on the edge bar, which in the present case are formed by the front and rear side walls of the bores 30 and 28, respectively.

However, there are also solutions that differ further from the one described. So (Fig. 11) the longitudinal fixation of the fixed grate bar 4 'directly with respect to the side wall 2 instead of the grate bar support 5, z. B. by means of a bolt 29 screwed into a threaded bore 38 in the side cheek 2 and secured by a locking nut 39.

A separation of the swivel fixation and the longitudinal fixation, as shown in the last two examples, enables constructively particularly simple constructive solutions that are also very reliable under the difficult conditions that exist in the area of a grate.

In a further constructive solution to the longitudinal fixation (FIGS. 12, 13), which is particularly suitable for the fixation of the edge bars 4 'to the central beam 40 of a grate with two grate tracks, since their space requirement, especially also transversely to the longitudinal direction, is very small , the edge bar has at the rear end an upwardly open cut 41 running transversely to the longitudinal direction, the rear boundary of which represents a forwardly facing locking surface 42. A bolt 43, a crossbeam of a T-shaped hold-down 45 fastened by means of a nut 44 to the central beam 40, which is provided at its lower end with a rotary lever 46, engages on both sides of the central beam 40 through openings 47 in side plates 48 of the central beam 40, which the Row of grate bars form side walls that delimit in the incision 41 of the respective edge bar 4 ', presses the rear end against the grate bar support 5 and fixes it by this clamping against longitudinal displacement. The longitudinal position of the edge bar 4 'is also secured by the locking surface 42. After loosening the nut 44, however, the hold-down device 45 can be raised until the locking surface 42 is free of the bolt 43. The swivel lock is designed the same as on the outer edge.

If both the swivel fixation and the longitudinal fixation are activated, the edge rods 4 'of the fixed rod rows 3 are fixed in such a way that they have little play with regard to pivoting about the grate rod carrier 5 and with regard to lateral displacement. The same applies to the couplings which are respectively effective between adjacent grate bars, so that by fixing the two edge bars 4 'an entire row of fixed bars 3 is fixed with respect to pivoting about their grate bar support 5.

The moving rod rows 3 'have some play in this regard, but this is limited in each case by the overlapping fixed rod row 3 lying immediately behind them. They cannot be swung up far enough to open dangerous gaps in the grate surface.

Since the side cheeks 2 are slightly displaceable laterally and are pressed with elastic force against the rows of grate bars, they can compensate for fluctuations in the width of the grate bars 4 and thus the rows of grate bars triggered by temperature fluctuations. If the grate bars 4 contract when the temperature drops, the couplings between adjacent grate bars with their crossbars also ensure that the lateral distance remains small and no wide gaps form between adjacent grate bars.

If it is now necessary to replace or check a specific grate bar 4, in the case of a grate with two grate tracks separated by a central beam and separate longitudinal fixation according to FIGS. 10, 10a - with only one grate track, the procedure is analogous - in the The next two or three rows of fixed bars 3 lying behind the row of grate bars, which contains the grate bar 4 to be replaced, loosen the longitudinal fixations on the side cheek 2 by, as already described, the bolt 29 being removed. The edge rod 4 'is then advanced on the side cheek 2 by means of a slightly curved rod inserted through the air opening 32, so that its front end can be gripped on the grate surface by means of a hook or the like, and it can be pulled out and removed, the swivel fixation and the coupling being included the neighboring grate bar loosen by loosening the engagement of the longitudinal slots 14 with the bolts 12 ', 12. Analogously, the longitudinal fixation on the central beam 40 is released and the edge bar 4 'is pushed forward by the bolt 43, in that the hold-down device 45 is rotated accordingly by means of the rotary lever 46.

In the case of swivel and longitudinal fixings, which are released simultaneously with respect to both degrees of freedom (designs according to FIGS. 5-7 and 8, 9), the fixed grate bar 4 ′ can then be lifted directly by means of a hook or lever.

Finally, the loosened fixed bar rows 3 and unfixed moving bar rows 3 ', starting with the rearmost one, are pivoted up using their limited play. Up to the grate bar row in which the grate bar 4 to be replaced is located, the games of the grate bar rows behind it add up, so that the grate bar 4 in question can be raised to such an extent that the rear limiting pin 6b is lifted over the grate bar support 5 and the grate bar 4 is pulled out towards the front become can. If it belongs to the group of grate bars equipped with longitudinal slots 14 which are open at the rear, it can be removed on its own, otherwise together with its two neighboring grate bars.

A new or the repaired or even only checked grate bar 4 is inserted in a corresponding manner. The whole operation does not require penetration into the downwind area. The longitudinal fixations can be operated from outside the side wall 2 and from the area lying under the central beam 40. The removal of the grate bar 4 to be replaced and the insertion of the same or a corresponding grate bar 4 take place from the grate surface.

Claims (26)

Grate for a furnace with at least one grate track (1) with several rows of fixed bars (3) and rows of moving bars (3 ') which alternate in the longitudinal direction and are delimited on both sides by side walls and which are made up of grate bars (4) arranged next to each other, each pivotable and laterally displaceable in the area of their rear end connected to a fixed or movable grate bar support (5), but can only be displaced to a limited extent in the longitudinal direction and rest with its front end on a grate bar (4) of the next row of grate bars (3 '; 3), the grate bars (4) of a row of grate bars (3, 3 ') are each connected by connecting means arranged below the surface (7) of the same in such a way that adjacent grate bars (4) can be displaced laterally to a limited extent and at most only slightly pivotable with respect to the grate bar support (5), characterized in that in each row of fixed bars (3 ) at least one fixed grate bar (4 ') is provided, which is fixed by holding means engaging below the surface of the row of fixed rods (3) in such a way that it can neither be displaced in the longitudinal direction nor pivoted upwards, the holding means being detachable at least with respect to the displaceability in the longitudinal direction from the region lying outside a side wall. Grate according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one fixed grate bar (4 ') is in each case an edge bar. Grate according to claim 2, characterized in that the two edge bars of a fixed bar row (3) are fixed. Grate according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the holding means each limit the distance of the fixed grate bar (4 ') from the adjacent side wall. Grate according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the holding means each comprise a releasable swivel fixation with at least one latch which is anchored approximately transversely to the longitudinal direction and is anchored in a side wall and which projects over an upwardly directed stop surface on the fixed grate bar (4 ') . Grate according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the bar comprises a cross bar which engages over a surface facing away from the side wall on the fixed grate bar (4 '). Grate according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the bolt protrudes through a longitudinal slot (14) which is open at the rear on the fixed grate bar (4 '). Grate according to claim 7, characterized in that the bolt is designed as a bolt (12 ') and the crossbar is disc-shaped. Grate according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the swivel fixation has releasable clamping means from the area lying outside the side wall, which exert a pull directed against the side wall on the crossbar. Grate according to claim 6 or 9, characterized in that the cross bar is seated on a rotating mandrel (19) anchored in the side wall and its engagement with the fixed edge bar (4 ') is releasable by twisting the rotating mandrel (19). Grate according to claim 10, characterized in that the rotating mandrel (19) projects through a closed slot (23) on the fixed grate bar (4 '). Grate according to claim 11, characterized in that the bolt comprises a cam sleeve (18) which surrounds the rotating mandrel (19) and projects into the slot (23) with two fixing cams (24) so that it fills it in the longitudinal direction. Grate according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the holding means comprise a longitudinal fixation which is separate from the swivel fixation and is releasable from the area outside a side wall and which prevents the fixed grate bar (4 ') from being displaced longitudinally relative to the grate bar support (5), while it can be advanced in the longitudinal direction after loosening the longitudinal fixation and the swivel fixation can thereby be released. Grate according to claim 13, characterized in that the longitudinal fixation comprises a bolt (29; 43) which is directed at least approximately transversely to the longitudinal direction and interacts with a forwardly facing locking surface on the fixed grate bar (4 '). Grate according to claim 14, characterized in that the bolt (29) can be retracted through the side wall to release the longitudinal fixation. Grate according to claims 14 and 15, characterized in that the fixed grate bar (4 ') has at least one bore (28) into which the bolt (29) protrudes. Grate according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the bolt (29) with an after rear-facing holding surface on the grate bar support (5) interacts. Grate according to claims 16 and 17, characterized in that with the at least one hole (28) in the fixed grate bar (4 ') a hole (30) in a tab (31) on the grate bar support (5) lies in a line in which the latch (29) also protrudes. Grate according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the wall-side end of the bolt (28) slidably projects through an opening in the side wall and is held there in the fixing position by a removable barrier. Grate according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the bolt (29) is screwed into a threaded bore (38) in the side wall. Grate according to claim 14, characterized in that the bolt (43) engages in an upwardly open cut (41) on the fixed grate bar (4 ') and can be raised to release the longitudinal fixation. Grate according to claim 21, characterized in that the bolt (43) is designed as a crossbar of a T-shaped hold-down device (45) which, after the bolt (43) has been raised, can be rotated about a vertical axis such that the bolt (43) advances the fixed grate bar (4 '). Grate according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the grate bars (4) are each only placed on the grate bar holder (5), their longitudinal displaceability in each case by a front limiting pin (6a) projecting downward in front of the grate bar holder (5) , except possibly for the fixed grate bars (4 '), one behind the The grate bar holder is limited according to (5) below the rear limiting pin (6b). Grate according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the connecting means for connecting the grate bars (4) to one another are designed in such a way that they allow pivoted grate bars (4) to pivot relative to one another about a transverse axis running in front of the grate bar support (5) and through Longitudinal displacement of the grate bars (4) can be released relative to one another. Grate according to claim 24, characterized in that the connecting means consist of individual couplings which each connect two adjacent grate bars (4). Grate according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the coupling is designed in each case as a bolt (12) directed transversely to the longitudinal direction, which through at least one bore (11) on at least one grate bar (4) and through at least one longitudinal slot open at the rear ) protrudes from at least one further grate bar (4) and carries cross bolts at the ends.

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