JP5087221B2 - Stoker-type combustor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a stalker-type combustion apparatus, and more particularly to a stalker-type combustion apparatus provided with a plurality of stalker units arranged side by side in the width direction of a furnace, and a boundary block arranged between these stalker units. is there. Moreover, this invention relates to the method of burning a processed material using this stoker type combustion apparatus.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a row reciprocating stoker type combustion apparatus in which a plurality of stoker units are arranged side by side in the width direction of a furnace and a boundary block is arranged between adjacent stoker units is known. In such a horizontal reciprocating stoker type combustion apparatus, the thermal expansion of the grate of the stoker unit is absorbed so that no gap is generated between the grate and the furnace wall and between the grate and the boundary block. There is a need to.

  When a fixed boundary block is used, the thermal expansion of the grate located on both sides thereof is often absorbed by securing a cold initial gap between the boundary block and the grate. In other words, when a fixed boundary block is used, the boundary block is arranged so that an initial gap is formed between the grate and the boundary block during the cold period when the incinerator is stopped. The thermal expansion of the lattice is absorbed.

  However, when such an initial gap is formed, foreign matter may be caught in the initial gap when the incinerator is started up, and the gap may be held even after the start-up is completed. In such a case, combustion air is partially blown out and combustion becomes non-uniform. In addition, if foreign matter is caught in the initial gap, the thermal expansion absorption amount assumed during the operation of the incinerator cannot be secured, and the grate is restrained to cause malfunction, or the grate and the boundary block Abnormal wear may occur on the contact surface.

  When the thermal expansion amount of the grate differs depending on the region in the furnace, it is necessary to change the size of the cold initial gap according to the thermal expansion amount for each region. For this reason, when the above-described fixed boundary block is used, it is necessary to prepare a grate having a different width for each region. In addition, even if a boundary block having a function of absorbing thermal expansion is used, if the thermal expansion absorption amount cannot be adjusted for each region, the side of the boundary block is large where the thermal expansion amount of the grate is large. Plate wear increases, and a gap is generated between the side plate and the grate where the amount of thermal expansion is small. For this reason, combustion will become non-uniform | heterogenous by partial blowing-out of combustion air.

  Further, since the above-described boundary block and the support beam that supports the boundary block are disposed between the adjacent stoker units, their installation location is a very narrow limited space. This is because the boundary block does not have a function of transporting garbage, so if a large area (or width) is taken in the boundary block, the garbage will stay in the boundary block area, or the boundary block area (or This is because it is necessary to make the width as narrow as possible. Therefore, unless the boundary block has a compact structure, it is difficult to add a cooling device thereto. Further, since the support beams of the boundary block are also heated by heat transfer in the furnace, it is necessary to cool them in order to maintain the strength of the support beams and reduce the generation of thermal stress on other components due to thermal expansion. Therefore, there is a need for a boundary block that can effectively cool the interior with a compact structure.

  Further, since the boundary block is provided at a position where the cooling effect by the primary combustion air is small, it is easily exposed to a high temperature, and the high temperature corrosion of the component proceeds in a short period of time, and the component must be replaced. Further, in the case of a boundary block having a function of absorbing thermal expansion, the inside of the boundary block also becomes high temperature, and it is difficult to maintain a function of absorbing thermal expansion for a long period of time. Furthermore, since the temperature differs depending on each region in the furnace, excessive or insufficient cooling occurs unless the distribution of the amount of cooling air jets that cool the boundary block is properly performed.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and effectively absorbs the thermal expansion of the grate of the stoker unit and can stably burn the processed material. It is a first object of the present invention to provide a method for combusting treated materials.

  In addition, the present invention provides a stoker-type combustion apparatus and a method for combusting a treated product that can effectively cool a boundary block disposed between adjacent stoker units and stably burn a treated product for a long period of time. This is the second purpose.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stoker-type combustion apparatus that can effectively absorb the thermal expansion of a grate of a stoker unit and stably burn a processed product. This stoker-type combustion apparatus includes a plurality of stoker units arranged side by side in the width direction of the furnace, and a boundary block arranged between the adjacent stoker units, and burns the inputted processing object. The boundary block is opposed to the end face of the grate of the stoker unit and is divided along the conveying direction of the processing object, the side plates facing each other, the upper wall disposed on the upper side of the side plate, A pressing portion that is arranged surrounded by a side plate and the upper wall and elastically presses one of the opposing side plates against an end face of the grate, and the pressing portion is divided At least one side plate is provided for one of the side plates, and the divided side plates are independently pressed by the pressing portion.

According to one reference example of the present invention, there is provided a method for combusting a processed material that can effectively absorb thermal expansion of a grate of a stoker unit and stably combust the processed material. According to this method, a stoker-type combustion apparatus including a plurality of stoker units arranged side by side in the width direction of the furnace and a boundary block arranged between the adjacent stoker units is used. The processed material is burned while elastically pressing the side wall of the boundary block facing the end face of the lattice against the end face of the grate.

According to another reference example of the present invention, there is provided a stoker-type combustion apparatus that can effectively cool a boundary block disposed between adjacent stoker units and stably burn a processed object for a long period of time. The This stoker-type combustion apparatus includes a plurality of stoker units arranged side by side in the width direction of the furnace, and a boundary block arranged between the adjacent stoker units, and burns the inputted processing object. The stoker-type combustion apparatus includes a cooling flow path formed inside the boundary block, an air supply flow path for supplying cooling air to the cooling flow path, and discharges air that has passed through the cooling flow path to the outside. And an air discharge channel.

According to another reference example of the present invention, there is provided a method of burning a processed object that can effectively cool a boundary block disposed between adjacent stoker units and burn the processed object stably for a long period of time. Is done. According to this method, a stoker-type combustion apparatus including a plurality of stoker units arranged side by side in the width direction of the furnace and a boundary block arranged between the adjacent stoker units is used. The air to be cooled is supplied to the cooling flow path formed to cool the boundary block and burn the processed material.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the thermal expansion of the grate of a stoker unit can be absorbed effectively, and a processed material can be burned stably. Moreover, the boundary block arrange | positioned between adjacent stoker units can be cooled effectively, and a processed material can be burned stably for a long period of time.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a stoker type combustion apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6, the same or corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of a stoker-type combustion apparatus (incinerator) in one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the stoker type combustion apparatus (incinerator) includes a furnace side wall 1 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 1) provided on both sides of the incinerator and a width direction between these furnace side walls 1. And three stoker units 2 arranged in parallel.

  FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, each stalker unit 2 is fixed to the stalker frame 3 and includes a plurality of movable grate 4 and fixed grate 5. The movable grate 4 and the fixed grate 5 are alternately arranged in a staircase pattern along the flow direction of the workpiece (garbage) W to be charged.

  A hydraulic cylinder 6 is installed below the movable grate 4 and the fixed grate 5, and when the hydraulic cylinder 6 operates, the movable grate 4 reciprocates in the flow direction of the waste W. Yes. As the movable grate 4 reciprocates, the waste W introduced from the waste hopper (not shown) is burned in the furnace while being stirred and sequentially sent downstream.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a seal block 7 capable of absorbing the thermal expansion of the movable grate 4 and the fixed grate 5 is installed between the stoker unit 2 and the furnace side wall 1. As the structure of such a seal block 7, for example, a structure disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-173920 can be used. Further, a boundary block 10 capable of absorbing the thermal expansion of the movable grate 4 and the fixed grate 5 is installed between the adjacent stoker units 2.

  3 is a perspective view showing a part of the boundary block 10 in the stoker type combustion apparatus of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing the boundary block 10 of FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view. As shown in FIG. 3, the boundary block 10 is composed of a plurality of block units 100 divided along the conveyance direction of the waste W.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, each block unit 100 is disposed on two side plates 11 as side walls facing the end faces of the grate 4, 5 of the stoker unit 2, and on the upper side of the side plate 11. An upper plate 12 as an upper wall and a pressing portion 13 that elastically presses the side plate 11 against the end faces of the grate 4 and 5 of the stoker unit 2. A support beam 15 to which a reinforcing plate 14 is fixed by welding is disposed below the boundary block 10. The boundary block 10 is supported by the support beam 15 via the reinforcing plate 14. The support beam 15 is fixed to the stoker frame 3 (see FIG. 2).

  As shown in FIG. 4, the side plate 11 has an upper protrusion 21 that protrudes inward from the upper end and a lower protrusion 22 that protrudes inward from the lower end. A groove 23 into which the upper protrusion 21 of the side plate 11 is fitted is formed in the lower portion of the upper plate 12. Since the upper protrusion 21 of the side plate 11 and the groove 23 of the upper plate 12 are fitted in this way, the upper plate 12 has a structure that does not come off upward. The upper plate 12 is configured to be slidable in the longitudinal direction of the stalker unit 2 (the direction in which the waste W is conveyed), and can absorb the thermal expansion of the upper plate 12 itself. In addition, the boundary block 10 needs to be regularly inspected and maintained in a short period of time, but the method of fixing with bolts or the like requires time for inspection and maintenance. By sequentially sliding from the upper plate 12 of the block unit 100, these can be easily removed.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a long hole 31 extending in the width direction of the furnace is formed in the lower protruding portion 22 of the side plate 11, and a stud bolt 32 is inserted into the long hole 31. As shown in FIG. 4, the stud bolt 32 is attached to the reinforcing plate 14 on the support beam 15, and the side plate 11 is attached to the support beam 15 by fitting a nut 33 to the stud bolt 32. Here, the nut 33 is tightened loosely enough that the side plate 11 can slide in the width direction of the furnace through the long hole 31. Thereby, the side plate 11 slides easily in the width direction of the furnace according to the thermal expansion of the grate 4, 5 of the stoker unit 2.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the pressing portion 13 includes a pressing plate 41 that presses the side plate 11 against the end faces of the grate 4 and 5 of the stoker unit 2, and a coil spring 42 as an elastic body that biases the pressing plate 41. The tube portion 43 through which the coil spring 42 is inserted, the fixing member 44 to which the tube portion 43 is attached, and the support plate 45 that supports the end portion of the coil spring 42 are included. The fixing member 44 is positioned and fixed with respect to the support beam 15. With such a configuration, the side plate 11 is elastically pressed against the end faces of the grate 4 and 5 of the stoker unit 2 via the coil spring 42.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the support plate 45 is attached to the fixing member 44 via two adjustment bolts 46, and the support plate 45 is rotated by rotating these adjustment bolts 46 with a tool such as a spanner. And the fixing member 44 can be adjusted. Thereby, the pressing force of the side plate 11 with respect to the grate 4 and 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the urging force of the coil spring 42.

  With such a configuration, even when the incinerator is stopped (during cold), the side plate 11 of the boundary block 10 is moved to the grate 4, 5 of the stoker unit 2 by the coil spring 42 compressed by the adjusting bolt 46. It will be in close contact with the end face. Therefore, it is possible to prevent foreign matter from getting caught during cold and furnace startup, and to provide a uniform and stable supply of combustion air without any blow-through, and to realize stable combustion in a stoker type combustion apparatus. it can. Further, since the thermal expansion of the grate 4, 5 of the stoker unit 2 can be reliably absorbed, the operation of the grate 4, 5 due to the thermal stress in the width direction accompanying the thermal expansion or the grate 4, 5 and the side plate 11 This eliminates the problem of abnormal wear, enables stable operation over a long period of time, and extends the replacement cycle of worn parts.

  At least one pressing portion 13 is provided for one side plate 11, and two or more pressing portions are provided in total for the two side plates 11 of the block unit 100. . These pressing portions are alternately arranged along the conveyance direction of the waste W. By adjusting the tightening amount of the adjusting bolt 46 in each pressing portion 13, a uniform pressing force can be realized for the two side plates 11. Further, it is preferable that the number of pressing portions is two for one side plate 11. As described above, since the boundary block 10 is composed of a plurality of block units 100, the inside of the furnace is divided into a plurality of regions (for example, a dry region, a combustion region, a post-combustion region, etc.), and each region is divided. In addition, the pressing force of the side plate 11 can be adjusted. That is, since the thermal expansion amount of the grate 4, 5 is different in each region in the furnace, the biasing force of the coil spring 42 is adjusted to match the thermal expansion amount of the grate 4, 5 for each region. Thus, the problem of partial blowout of combustion air due to abnormal wear of the side plate 11 and a gap between the side plate 11 and the grate 4, 5 can be solved.

  Here, if the boundary block 10 does not have a structure capable of absorbing the thermal expansion absorbing operation of the side plate 11 described above, the operation of the side plate 11 is restricted and abnormal wear may occur. For this reason, in the present embodiment, a horizontal gap 24 is formed between the upper protruding portion 21 of the side plate 11 of the boundary block 10 and the upper plate 12. The gap 24 is set in consideration of the thermal expansion absorption amount of the side plate 11, and the upper plate 12 does not restrain the thermal expansion absorption operation of the side plate 11 by the gap 24.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the cross-sectional shape of the support beam 15 that supports the boundary block 10 is a hollow rectangular shape, and a flow path (air supply flow path) 50 that circulates cooling air inside the support beam 15. Is formed. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of vent holes 34 communicating with the air supply flow path 50 inside the support beam 15 are formed at the bottom of the boundary block 10. A space formed by the side plate 11 and the upper plate 12 of the boundary block 10 serves as a cooling flow path 51 through which cooling air supplied from the air supply flow path 50 through the vent hole 34 flows. The dimensions of the vent holes 34 are designed according to the amount of cooling air required. In the present embodiment, the cooling air is introduced into the cooling flow path 51 from the bottom of the boundary block 10, but is not limited to this. For example, the cooling air is introduced into the cooling flow path 51 from the upper part of the boundary block 10. Also good.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of cooling air in the stoker type combustion apparatus. As shown in FIG. 6, the stoker type combustion apparatus sends the cooling air to the external air supply flow path 52 connected to the air supply flow path 50 inside the support beam 15 and the external air supply flow path 52 described above. An air discharge through which the air flowing through the blower 53, the air volume adjusting damper 54 for adjusting the amount of air supplied to the air supply flow path 50, and the cooling flow path 51 formed inside the boundary block 10 described above is discharged. A flow path 55 and an external air discharge flow path 56 connected to the air discharge flow path 55 are provided.

  The cooling air is sucked in by the blower 53, the air volume is adjusted by the air volume adjusting damper 54, and then introduced into the air supply flow path 50 inside the support beam 15 through the external air supply flow path 52. The cooling air in the air supply channel 50 is discharged from the vent hole 34 of each block unit 100 to the cooling channel 51 inside the boundary block 10. This cooling air is guided to the air discharge flow channel 55 while flowing through the cooling flow channel 51 inside the boundary block 10 and cooling the coil spring 42 and the pipe portion 43 inside the boundary block 10. The air introduced into the air discharge passage 55 is guided to the suction side of a blower for combustion air (not shown) through the external air discharge passage 56 and used as combustion air.

  As described above, a gap 24 is formed between the upper projecting portion 21 of the side plate 11 of the boundary block 10 and the upper plate 12 to absorb the thermal expansion of the grate 4, 5. If there is a gap 24, it is conceivable that the cooling air in the cooling channel 51 leaks into the furnace and the temperature in the furnace decreases. Further, since the boundary block 10 is provided at a position in contact with the dust and the incineration ash, the dust and the incineration ash enter the inside of the boundary block 10 to inhibit the thermal expansion absorption operation of the side plate 11, and the air hole 34. It is also conceivable that a serious problem such as blocking the cooling flow path 51 occurs. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the seal member 25 is disposed in the gap 24 between the upper protruding portion 21 of the side plate 11 and the upper plate 12, and the cooling flow path 51 of the boundary block 10 is surely provided. This prevents the cooling air from leaking into the furnace and the incineration ash from entering the boundary block 10. For this reason, the operation | movement with respect to the thermal expansion of the side plate 11 can be lubricated, the obstruction | occlusion of a vent hole or the cooling flow path 51 etc. can be prevented, and the stable function can be maintained over a long term. Further, the cooling air can be reliably brought into contact with the components of the boundary block 10 to enhance the cooling effect, and the durability of the components of the boundary block 10 can be enhanced.

  Here, if the air after the cooling of the boundary block 10 is supplied to the furnace as it is, the place where the air is supplied into the furnace is limited to the periphery of the boundary block 10 and can contribute to combustion as primary combustion air. The amount is reduced. Therefore, in addition to cooling the inside of the furnace as excess air, there is an adverse effect of increasing the amount of gas. For this reason, in this embodiment, the cooling air is guided from the cooling flow path 51 of the boundary block 10 to the outside of the furnace through the air discharge flow path 55 to reduce the air leaking from the inside of the boundary block 10 into the furnace. Yes. As a result, it is possible to prevent adverse effects such as cooling in the furnace due to excess air and an increase in the amount of gas, and it is possible to maintain stable combustion over a long period of time without affecting the control of the amount of combustion air.

  In the present embodiment, since the inside of the support beam 15 is used as the air supply flow path 50, a limited space in the stoker-type combustion apparatus can be used effectively, and the support beam 15 can be cooled. Can also be done. Furthermore, since the cooling air is supplied to the cooling flow path 51 inside the boundary block 10, the coil spring 42 and other components in the boundary block 10 can be reliably cooled. Further, for each of a plurality of regions in the furnace having different temperatures, the size (diameter) of the vent hole of the boundary block 10 is set according to the temperature and the cooling air is appropriately distributed, so that the coil in the boundary block 10 is distributed. The spring 42 can be effectively cooled to ensure its function over a long period of time, and the durability of the components of the boundary block 10 can be enhanced.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the side plate 11 of the boundary block 10 is elastically pressed against the end faces of the grate 4 and 5 of the stalker unit 2 by the pressing force of the coil spring 42 as an elastic body. Therefore, the sealing performance between the end faces of the grate 4 and 5 and the side plate 11 of the boundary block 10 is improved, and the above-described partial blow-off of combustion air and the intrusion of incombustibles can be prevented. Therefore, stable combustion air can be supplied over a long period of time. In addition, the thermal expansion of the grate 4, 5 can be reliably absorbed, and the driving resistance due to the thermal expansion of the grate 4, 5 can be reduced. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the driving force, improve the mechanical stability of the grate 4, 5, reduce the load on the stoker frame 3, reduce the wear on the grate 4, 5, and the side plate 11. The service life of the device can be greatly extended.

  Moreover, since cooling air is distribute | circulated through the cooling flow path 51 inside the boundary block 10, the boundary block 10 can be cooled reliably. Further, since the seal member 25 is disposed in the gap 24 between the upper protruding portion 21 of the side plate 11 and the upper plate 12, the leakage of the cooling air into the furnace is prevented, and the cooling air is primarily or It can be reused (circulated) as secondary air. Therefore, more stable combustion control can be performed as compared with the conventional stoker-type combustion apparatus, and partial high-load combustion and overheating are avoided, and the progress of high-temperature corrosion in the grate 4 and 5 and the side plate 11 is suppressed. Can do.

  Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described so far, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may be implemented in various forms within the scope of the technical idea.

1 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of a stoker-type combustion apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention. It is the elements on larger scale of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows a part of boundary block in the stoker type combustion apparatus of FIG. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing the boundary block of FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view showing the boundary block of FIG. 3. It is a schematic diagram which shows the flow of the cooling air in the stoker type combustion apparatus of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

W garbage (processed matter)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Furnace side wall 2 Stoker unit 4 Movable grate 5 Fixed grate 10 Boundary block 11 Side plate 12 Upper plate 13 Press part 14 Reinforcement plate 15 Support beam 21 Upper protrusion part 22 Lower protrusion part 23 Groove 24 Gap 25 Seal member 31 Long hole 32 Stud Bolt 33 Nut 34 Ventilation Hole 41 Press Plate 42 Coil Spring 43 Pipe Part 44 Fixing Member 45 Support Plate 46 Adjustment Bolt 50 Air Supply Channel 51 Cooling Channel 52 External Air Supply Channel 53 Blower 54 Air Volume Adjustment Damper 55 Air Exhaust Flow path 56 External air discharge flow path

Claims (10)

A stoker-type combustion apparatus comprising a plurality of stoker units arranged side by side in the width direction of the furnace, and a boundary block arranged between the adjacent stoker units, and combusting an input processed product,
The boundary block is
Side plates facing each other, which are opposed to the end face of the grate of the stoker unit and are divided along the conveying direction of the processed material,
An upper wall disposed on top of the side plate;
A pressure portion that is arranged surrounded by the side plate and the upper wall and elastically presses one of the opposing side plates against the end face of the grate,
At least one pressing portion is provided for one of the divided one side plates ,
The stoker-type combustion apparatus, wherein the divided side plates are independently pressed by the pressing portion . The side plate is
An upper protrusion protruding inward from the upper end;
A lower protrusion protruding inward from the lower end,
The upper wall has a groove in which the upper protrusion of the side plate is fitted in the lower part,
The stoker-type combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a gap between the upper projecting portion and the upper wall is formed in the groove.   The stoker-type combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the upper wall is divided along a conveyance direction of the processed material.   4. The stoker-type combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressing portion further includes an adjustment bolt that adjusts an urging force that presses the side plate against an end face of the grate. 5. The pressing portion includes a first pressing portion that presses one of the opposing side plates, and a second pressing portion that presses the other of the opposing side plates,
5. The stoker-type combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first pressing portion and the second pressing portion are alternately provided along a conveyance direction of the processed product. . In the boundary block provided in the stoker-type combustion apparatus that burns the input processed material,
The boundary block is disposed adjacently between a plurality of stalker units arranged side by side in the width direction of the furnace,
The boundary block is
Side plates facing each other, which are opposed to the end face of the grate of the stoker unit and are divided along the conveying direction of the processed material,
An upper wall disposed on top of the side plate;
A pressure portion that is arranged surrounded by the side plate and the upper wall and elastically presses one of the opposing side plates against the end face of the grate,
At least one pressing portion is provided for one of the divided one side plates ,
The boundary block, wherein the divided side plates are independently pressed by the pressing portion . The side plate is
An upper protrusion protruding inward from the upper end;
A lower protrusion protruding inward from the lower end,
The upper wall has a groove in which the upper protrusion of the side plate is fitted in the lower part,
The boundary block according to claim 6, wherein a gap between the upper protruding portion and the upper wall is formed in the groove.   The boundary block according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the upper wall is divided along a conveyance direction of the processed material.   The boundary block according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the pressing portion further includes an adjustment bolt that adjusts an urging force that presses the side plate against an end surface of the grate. The pressing portion includes a first pressing portion that presses one of the opposing side plates, and a second pressing portion that presses the other of the opposing side plates,
The boundary block according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the first pressing portion and the second pressing portion are alternately provided along a conveyance direction of the processed object.

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