EP0649973A2 - Hydraulic excavator for shield tunneling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve operation efficiency in a tunnel by equipping a console that is suspended on a support stand rotatably with a swing arm, a control cylinder, a jib, and the like, and fitting an attachment that operates differently. CONSTITUTION: A console 16 that is suspended on an upper support stand 12 rotatably is equipped with a control cylinder 20 for tilting a rock arm 18 and a jib 21, a pivoting cylinder 25 of an attachment, and the like. Then, an excavating tool 26 with a drill and a shovel is fitted to the tip of a device, and each hydraulic cylinder is operated for excavation and raking. Also, depending on the details of operation, the excavating tool 26 is removed and exchanged with an excavating shovel 48 for excavation. Also, by installing the upper support stand 12 on a driving vehicle, the entire device can be moved, thus performing operation efficiently even if space in the tunnel or the like is narrow.

Description

The invention relates to a hydraulically driven excavator for an underground driving device according to the preamble of claim 1.

The magazine "Bauplanung-Bautechnik" 1984, S 226-228, shows a tubular sign for underground tunneling during the construction of traffic facilities or drainage and supply routes. A boom is connected to an upper supporting part of the shield shell by means of a pivot bearing, which can be pivoted horizontally around the pivot bearing and vertically over the entire shield cross section by means of a hydraulic cylinder and also serves as a loading aid to feed the demolition masses to a longitudinal conveyor system on the shield bottom. The boom carries a drawbar that can be swiveled by means of another hydraulic cylinder. As soon as an area of the excavation line lying in front of the sign has been excavated with the aid of the tool and the demolition goods have been removed via the longitudinal conveyor system, the tunnel sign is driven a certain length by means of pressing devices supported in the already dismantled tunnel.

The object of the invention is to provide a mining excavator of the type described above, which has a low-wear and easy-to-manufacture construction with a large range and which also ensures the unobstructed use of any mining tools and secure removal of the demolition material even in small tunnel cross-sections.

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

The proposed suspension of the boom by means of a steering system starting from a console plate of the upper pivot bearing offers the possibility of advantageously carrying out large propulsion movements with the removal tool attached directly or indirectly to the front end of the boom. By changing the length of the hydraulic cylinder parallel to the swing arm, the front end of the boom can be adjusted over the entire cross-section of the shield or tunnel. The handlebar system with its dirt-insensitive, low-wear bearing points forms an advantageously simple longitudinal adjustment device that avoids problematic straight tool guides. If the handlebar system is inclined forwards or backwards, the boom approaches the tunnel ridge, which creates sufficient space above the longitudinal conveyor system for the removal of larger clumps of material. In addition, the longitudinal conveyor remains freely accessible and can be cleaned from both sides in the event of a blockage. Even with smaller dimensions of the jacking device, relatively large tools can be used.

Preferably, rocker links, each with a rocker adjusting cylinder, are provided on the bracket at a lateral distance from one another as a rocker. Equally, two hydraulic cylinders arranged next to one another with a lateral spacing can be provided for adjusting the boom inclination and can be set as parallel links to the swing arm or to the swing arm parts. In one embodiment of the invention, the rocker arm length is dimensioned such that in the rocker end position pivoted forwards or backwards, the horizontally adjusted boom is located approximately at half the tunnel height.

An embodiment in which the removal tool is connected directly to the front end of the boom provides that a tool carrier body provided with a spoon and a hydraulic hammer or other tools is mounted in a front fork of the boom and can be pivoted by means of one or more hydraulic cylinders. The boom fork enables a compact design with a stable mounting of the tool carrier body, which in the case of using a bucket is swiveled in the sense of normal bucket movements in order to dig off soft material or detach rock broken up and hammer away and feed it to the longitudinal conveyor system.

At least one additional boom link (e.g. dipper stick and / or one or more intermediate booms) can be connected in an articulated manner between the front end of the boom and a tool carrier body or any dismantling tool in order to gain a corresponding range in the case of larger tunnel cross sections.

According to a variant, the propulsion device consists of a crawler vehicle with a roof plate supported thereon, to which the rotary bearing is attached. In order to support the vehicle against the longitudinal forces that occur during tunneling work, punches that can be extended sideways or through the roof plate are clamped between the tunnel ceiling and sole. The inclination of the longitudinal conveyor system can be kept adjustable between the supporting walls supporting the roof panel on the chassis.

• Fig. 1 und 2 einen am First eines Vortriebsschildes angebrachten Abbaubagger in rückwärtiger bzw. vorderer Schwenkstellung des Lenkersysstems,
• Fig. 3 und 4 einen Abbaubagger wie in Fig. 1 und 2, bei dem der Werkzeugträgerkörper durch einen Löffelstiel mit Grablöffel ersetzt ist,
• Fig. 5 und 6 einen Abbaubagger wie in Fig. 1 und 2, bei dem an einem verkürzten Grundausleger ein Zwischenausleger und ein Löffelstiel mit Grablöffel gelenkig angeschlossen sind,
• Fig. 7 und 8 eine Vortriebseinrichtung in Form eines Fahrzeuges mit daran angebrachtem Abbaubagger in den Fig. 1 bzw. 2 entsprechenden Arbeitsstellungen,
• Fig. 9 eine Frontansicht des Abbaubaggers ähnlich Fig. 7, 8.

Embodiments of the excavator according to the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It shows, each schematically,

• 1 and 2 a mining excavator attached to the ridge of a jacking plate in the rear or front pivot position of the handlebar system,
• 3 and 4 a mining excavator as in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which the tool carrier body is replaced by a dipper stick with a digging bucket is
• 5 and 6 a mining excavator as in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which an intermediate boom and a dipper stick with digging bucket are articulated to a shortened basic boom,
• 7 and 8 a propulsion device in the form of a vehicle with a mining excavator attached to it in FIGS. 1 and 2 corresponding working positions,
• 9 is a front view of the excavator similar to FIG. 7, 8th

In a tunnel to be driven to the left in FIGS. 1 and 2 there is a cylindrical tunneling shield 10 in the form of a stiffened pipe section of a few meters in length with a front shield cutting edge 11. After exposing an additional tunnel length, the tunneling shield 10 is moved backwards with the help of its not shown The end of the pressing means pressed forward into the excavated space so that it can be further dismantled from the new position and the space behind the tunnel shield can be stiffened in sections by a supporting tunnel lining made of concrete, steel or masonry. On the curved shield ridge there is a flat stiffened intermediate wall as the supporting part 12, on the underside of which a rotary bearing 15 is fastened, which consists of a rotating ring with a vertical axis of rotation, but can also be designed as a universal joint with several degrees of freedom. Part of the pivot bearing 15 is a lower bracket plate 16, which can be rotated about the vertical pivot bearing axis with the aid of a drive motor 17 which engages in a ring gear, for example via a pinion.

A swivel bearing with a horizontal axis for the upper end of a rocker arm 18 is provided on the lower lugs of the console plate 16, which is connected by a rocker cylinder 19 mounted between a rocker arm 19 in FIG shown rear end position and a front end position shown in Fig. 2 is pivotable. The swing pivot angle achievable by changing the length of the swing cylinder 19 is approximately 120 °; if necessary, it can be enlarged by interposing a deflection linkage actuated by the cylinder.

At the front distance from the rocker 18, a link cylinder 20 is mounted at the base of the bracket 16, the lower end of which engages on a bracket 21 at a point which connects the same distance from the rear end of a bracket 21 and the lower end of the rocker 18 Has hinge axis. 1 and 2, the boom 21 is set approximately horizontally, which is achieved by an approximately medium stroke or extension length of the link cylinder 20, so that the link cylinder 20 runs parallel to the swing arm 18, that is to say the same length as the swing arm and with this forms a parallelogram of the handlebar, under the effect of which the boom 21 remains parallel to itself between the rocker end positions. The inclined longitudinal axes of the boom 21 shown in broken lines in FIG. 2, which extend from its articulated axis on the rocker 18, are intended to indicate that the boom 21 can be pivoted upwards and downwards by about 30 in each case.

1, 2, the boom 21 consists of a rear narrower portion 22 which is bifurcated or open at the top, so that between the side boom walls, the lower end of the link cylinder 20 can be found when the boom 21 reaches its upward inclined end position . The boom has a wide front fork section 23, between whose side fork walls a tool carrier 26 is pivotally mounted. The narrow and wide boom sections 22 and 23 are connected by means of a welded cross tube 24, which can be replaced or supplemented by other or additional cross stiffeners.

The tool carrier 26 contains a hydraulic hammer 27 which is fastened between two side plates 28 which can be seen in their contours. According to FIG. 2, a spoon 29 which can be adjusted about a horizontal axis is mounted on the underside of the side plates 28 and, with the aid of a cylinder 30 indicated at 30, between the opened working position ( Fig. 1) and pivoted to the tool carrier 26 rest position (Fig. 2). In the working position of the spoon 29, its teeth protrude from the chisel tip of the hammer 27, so that the hammer chisel remains covered and protected against transverse forces and damage when excavating material or when loosening rock.

The tool carrier 26 is pivotably mounted approximately in its longitudinal center about a transverse axis 40, which define two lateral axis bolts at the front end of the arm 21. Two swivel cylinders 25 engage on the side plates 28, the rear ends of which are articulated on the lugs of the rear boom section 22. In the extended end position of the swivel cylinder 25 according to FIG. 1, the tool carrier 26 extends approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the arm 21, so that the spoon 29 can feed material to a lower longitudinal conveyor 44 via a push-on ramp 42. 2, the tool carrier 26 is set so that the Mei ßel of the hydraulic hammer 27 in its main working direction and the longitudinal axis of the boom 21 are aligned. Preferably, the length of the rocker 18 is dimensioned such that in the front and rear rocker end position the horizontally adjusted boom 21 is located approximately halfway up the tunnel. The tool carrier 26 can be pivoted further upward over the main working direction of the hydraulic hammer 27 shown in FIG. 2, in order to work obliquely upwards against the tunnel top with the hammer or another tool. When the bucket 29 is in use, the tool carrier 26 is pivoted up to at least 120 about the transverse axis 40 with the aid of the swivel cylinders 25 to carry out conventional bucket movements.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the first described example primarily in that at the front end of the boom 21, which is of equal width over its entire length, a dipper arm 46 is articulated, which is pivoted by a stick cylinder 25 supported on the top of the boom becomes. At the front end of the dipper arm 46 there is a digging bucket 48 which can be operated by any other tool, e.g. can also be replaced by a hydraulic hammer or a tool carrier 26 (FIG. 2) and pivoted with the aid of a spoon cylinder 50 supported on the dipper stick. Due to the greater reach achieved with the dipper stick, the pivot bearing 15 and also the lower longitudinal conveyor system 44 can be arranged at a greater distance from the cutting edge, so that a larger free space for intermediate storage of loosened debris material is created and the tool is used for long periods only to propel the Tunnels or can only be used to transfer the intermediate storage material to the conveyor system.

Two rocker links 18 with associated rocker cylinders 19 and two cylinders 20 belonging to the steering system and changing the boom inclination, which engage on both sides of the boom 21, are articulated to lower lugs of the console plate 16 which are arranged at a lateral distance from one another. Such a link system consisting of four links can also be used in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1, 2, although only a single cylinder 20 and a single wide link arm or a link arm 18 consisting of two link members is shown. In the case of two rocker links, two rocker cylinders 19 can also be provided.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 5, 6, an intermediate boom 52 is articulated at the front end of a relatively short boom 21 and can be pivoted with the aid of the cylinder 25 supported on the top of the boom. At the front end of the intermediate boom 52, the rear end of a dipper arm 46 is articulated, which carries a digging bucket 48 or any other digging tool as before. Two "inner" arm cylinders 54 articulated on both sides of the intermediate arm 52 serve to pivot the dipper arm 46, and the spoon cylinder 50 supported on the dipper arm 46 acts on a lever linkage 56, 58 articulated on the dipper arm and on the digging spoon in order to achieve a wide pivoting range.

As an application example for this three-part boom assembly 21, 52, 46, FIGS. 5, 6 show a tunneling shield 10 of larger diameter when crossing a mining section consisting of free-flowing material. In order to prevent the loose overburden from forming too large accumulations on the bottom of the tunneling shield 10 or falling lumps of material / rock from damaging the longitudinal conveyor system 44, one or more horizontal retaining blades 11 are arranged at intermediate levels of the tunneling shield, which can be conveniently removed with the help of the three-part boom assembly bypass above or below. 5 shows with broken lines the digging bucket 48 when working below the retaining blade 11. From the indicated digging position, the bucket 48 can be moved further forward if the boom 21 is inclined downwards and it is moved forward with the steering system. - Likewise, according to FIG. 6, the digging tool working above the retaining blade 11 can be advanced further by bringing the handlebar system to its front end position and approximating the direction of the intermediate boom 52 to that of the boom 21. Taking into account a large diameter of the tunneling shield 10 and the intermediate boom 52, which can be pivoted upward mainly on the boom 21, the rotary bearing 15 is fastened to a higher support part 12a or closer to the longitudinal center of the tunneling shield as shown in FIGS. 5, 6. Here, too, the horizontally set arm 21 is located approximately at half the height of the shield.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 to 9, the pivot bearing 15 of the excavator consisting of comparable components as in the previously described embodiments is fastened to the underside of a stable and stiffened roof plate 35 which is supported on side parts 33 extending from the chassis frame 31 of a track-driven propulsion device 32. The side parts 33 have a sufficient lateral distance from one another for the movements of the handlebar system, can also be cranked outwards via the height of the rocker 18 and are recessed at the front or set back as far as that the handlebar system mounted on the console 16 can carry out its rotary movements necessary for work across the tunnel width without hindrance. In order to support the mobile propulsion device against the longitudinal forces occurring during excavation work, it can be clamped between the tunnel ceiling and sole by means of extendable plungers 34 (not shown) which are inclined upwards or laterally upwards (not shown). For the vertical stamp 34 33 guides and stamp cylinder, not shown, are provided on the side parts.

Extending between the side parts 33 is a longitudinal conveyor 44 provided with a push-on ramp 42 at the front end, which is supported at an inclination angle that is favorable for receiving and transporting the digging material by a rear bearing 36 on the vehicle 32 and is raised by means of cylinders 38 articulated on the side parts or its inclination can be adjusted.

Fig. 9 as a front view of the mobile excavator in the state according to Fig. 4 shows a driver's stand 39 arranged laterally above the one caterpillar and below the roof plate 35 and a rocker arm 18 consisting of two rocker members arranged at a lateral distance from one another, which are at a lateral distance from the Console 16 is downwardly projecting approaches. Fig. 9 also shows the side plates 28 of the tool carrier 26, the hydraulic hammer 27 held in between and the fangs located at the outer end of the spoon 29, which are located above the belt conveyor 44, in front of which a e.g. Slide-open ramp 42 which can be widened in a fan shape.

A dredger vehicle according to Fig. 7-9 can also be used to drive through narrow tunnels, pipes or underground sewer channels, for example to cut off old brickwork, enlarge tunnel cross-sections or remove collapses. As for the arm of the shield, a separate electrical remote control can also be provided for the vehicle. An electrically operated hydraulic system can be pulled from the vehicle 32 onto a trailer, via which an additional conveyor belt transports the excavated material. Instead of on a crawler track, the jacking device can be arranged on another special undercarriage.

Claims (11)

1.Hydraulic excavator for an underground jacking device, with a boom to which at least one mining tool can be connected at one end and which can be pivoted at the other end about a pivot bearing attached to an upper support part of the jacking device, furthermore with at least one hydraulic cylinder for changing the boom inclination and at least one other hydraulic cylinder supported on the boom for actuating the removal tool, which can be pivoted about a transverse axis,
characterized,
that the boom (21) is suspended from a bracket (16) fixed to the pivot bearing (15) by means of a steering system consisting of a rocker arm (18) which can be pivoted by means of a hydraulic cylinder (19) and the hydraulic cylinder (20) for changing the boom inclination, which can be adjusted by changing the length as a parallel link to the swing arm (18). 2. Excavator according to claim 1, in which two rocker links, each with a rocker adjusting cylinder (19), are provided as a rocker (18) and are spaced apart from one another on the console. 3. excavator according to claim 1 or 2, in which two at a lateral distance from each other on the bracket (16) mounted hydraulic cylinder (20) are provided for changing the boom inclination and adjustable as a parallel link to the rocker (18). 4. excavator according to claim 1, wherein the rocker length is dimensioned such that the horizontally adjusted boom (21) is in the forward or backward pivoted rocker position about halfway up the tunnel or the jacking device. 5. excavator according to one of the preceding claims, in which the boom (21) from the longitudinal position achievable by parallelogram adjustment of its pivot cylinder (20) can be pivoted up and down by about 30 _{° in} each case. 6. excavator according to one of the preceding claims, in which the propulsion device has a lower longitudinal conveyor system (44) accessible by the mining tool. 7. excavator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the propulsion device consists of a crawler vehicle with a roof plate (36) to which the pivot bearing (15) is attached. 8. excavator according to claim 7, wherein the crawler track (32) by means of upwards through the roof plate (36) or sideways movable stamps (34) between the top and bottom of the tunnel can be determined. 9. excavator according to claim 7, wherein the roof plate (35) by lateral track walls (33) attached to the crawler track is supported, on which the longitudinal conveyor system (44) extending therebetween is held with adjustable inclination. 10. excavator according to one of the preceding claims, in which in a front fork (23) of the boom (21) with a spoon (hoe, ripper or the like) and a hydraulic hammer (milling cutter, drill or the like) provided with tool carrier body (26) an axis of rotation lying approximately in the center of its body and pivotable by means of the hydraulic cylinder (25). 11. excavator according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which between the front end of the boom (21) and the removal tool (48) at least one additional boom member (e.g. intermediate boom 52 and / or dipper arm 46) is articulately connected.

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