EP0649716A1 - Fraise pour former joints de diaphragme - Google Patents

Fraise pour former joints de diaphragme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0649716A1
EP0649716A1 EP94114293A EP94114293A EP0649716A1 EP 0649716 A1 EP0649716 A1 EP 0649716A1 EP 94114293 A EP94114293 A EP 94114293A EP 94114293 A EP94114293 A EP 94114293A EP 0649716 A1 EP0649716 A1 EP 0649716A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutter
assembly
trench
thrust
panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP94114293A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sergio Casagrande
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Casagrande SpA
Original Assignee
Casagrande SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Casagrande SpA filed Critical Casagrande SpA
Publication of EP0649716A1 publication Critical patent/EP0649716A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
    • B28D1/045—Sawing grooves in walls; sawing stones from rocks; sawing machines movable on the stones to be cut
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels
    • E02F3/205—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels with a pair of digging wheels, e.g. slotting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/22—Component parts
    • E02F3/26—Safety or control devices

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a cutter to form diaphragm joints, as set forth in the main claim.
  • the cutter to form diaphragm joints according to the invention is applied to the field of constructions and in particular to the making of diaphragms consisting of a plurality of concrete panels cast in position in the excavations or trenches made in the ground, these panels being suitably joined together.
  • the cutter to form diaphragm joints according to the invention is employed in particular for the trimming and re-working of the terminal transverse wall of the cast panel and creates at the same time a joint profile suitable for connection to the adjacent panel to be cast.
  • the state of the art arranges to cast a panel in the trench made after a determined number of adjacent excavations.
  • supporting equipment of a determined shape is caused to cooperate with the initial and final transverse walls of the excavation and has the purpose of creating a profile of a joint in the respective transverse walls of the panel which is cast in the trench.
  • This joint profile has the purpose of ensuring a strong seal-engagement connection with the adjacent panel which will be cast thereafter.
  • the problem is to form a joint between one panel and the adjacent panel, the joint being such as will ensure a proper seal engagement of the joint and a continuous nature of the diaphragm thus cast.
  • the supporting equipment of the state of the art used for this purpose consists of abutment tubes or sheet piles, which are also called "organ-pipe tubes”.
  • abutment tubes may be of a cylindrical type or may have a different profile, depending on requirements.
  • the abutment tubes are inserted into the excavation with one face in contact with the initial or terminal transverse wall of the trench and with their other face facing towards the trench to be filled.
  • the abutment tubes In view of the different depths of the trenches the abutment tubes have to be coupled together as they are inserted into the ground until they reach the length necessary to cover the whole depth of the trench.
  • the abutment tube When the panel has been cast in position, the abutment tube is withdrawn from the ground and the terminal transverse wall of the panel has a profile that mates with the abutment tube, and this terminal transverse wall forms the joint with which the adjacent panel to be cast cooperates.
  • This technique besides being costly and burdensome, entails long production times and requires a set of auxiliary equipment for the handling, installation, insertion, extraction and dismantling of the elements forming the abutment tubes.
  • the abutment tube elements comprise quick-coupling connecting joints which have the purpose of connecting together axially the abutment tube elements.
  • Deep excavations require the use of a great number of the abutment tube elements, and the work involved in connecting, inserting and withdrawing these abutment tube elements is long and burdensome.
  • the method for use of sheet piles is like that of the abutment tubes and, although it enables joints to be made with a more complex profile, it does not overcome the problems of the long times and high costs involved in the use of the abutment tubes.
  • the purpose of this invention is to provide a cutter for diaphragm joints which is employed to create the profile of the joints in the terminal transverse wall of the panels used for foundations and cast in position so as to form a diaphragm.
  • the cutter according to the invention makes possible the formation, in the terminal transverse wall of the cast panels, a joint profile which ensures a proper seal-engagement of the joint and a continuous diaphragm.
  • the cutter according to the invention enables the times of production of the diaphragms to be reduced considerably and eliminates the auxiliary equipment employed at present in producing the joint profiles in the panels cast.
  • the cutter according to the invention enables panels to be cast in position, after the excavation has been made, without having recourse to the insertion of means, such as abutment tubes or sheet piles, to support the initial or terminal transverse wall of the excavated trench.
  • the cutter according to the invention can be employed on a specially designed supporting and operating structure or else on the same structure used, for instance, to move the bucket employed for the excavation, whether that latter structure be a kelly, the arm of a crane or another known supporting and operating structure.
  • the cutter according to the invention makes possible the creation, in the terminal transverse wall of the foundation panel cast in position, a joint profile of a desired form with a substantially vertical axis.
  • the employment of the cutter according to the invention provides for the excavation of a trench adjacent to the terminal part of the panel already cast, to which terminal part the next panel has to be connected.
  • the cutter according to the invention comprises a supporting frame to which are fitted, on one side, a cutting assembly, and, on the longitudinally opposite side, a thrust and guide assembly.
  • the thrust and guide assembly performs the task of positioning the cutter correctly in the longitudinal direction and of guiding the cutter during its descent into the trench excavated in the ground.
  • the thrust and guide assembly ensures that the cutting assembly is always correctly positioned and makes a substantially vertical joint profile.
  • the thrust and guide assembly is actuated automatically to ensure the vertical position of the terminal transverse wall of the panel and therefore of the joint profile which is created in that wall by the cutting assembly.
  • the thrust and guide assembly comprises a horizontally movable shield, which is caused to cooperate with the bare transverse earth wall of the trench.
  • the cutter according to the invention is inserted into the trench with the cutting assembly facing the terminal transverse wall of the panel already cast and with the thrust and guide assembly facing the longitudinally opposite bare terminal transverse earth wall of the trench.
  • the cutting assembly which includes cutting sprockets and toothed chains driven, for instance, by a hydraulic motor, is positioned in contact with the terminal transverse wall of the panel in which the profile of the joint has to be formed.
  • the cutting sprockets and toothed chains advantageously include teeth of a replaceable type and may have an arrangement and conformation of the teeth suitable to form a desired profile of the joint.
  • the thrust and guide assembly cooperates, as we said before, by means of its shield with the bare terminal transverse earth wall of the trench so as to keep the cutting assembly in contact with the terminal transverse wall of the panel in which the joint profile has to be made.
  • the cutter according to the invention can be rotated about its axis on the frame which is attached to the supporting and operating means.
  • the cutter can be rotated about its axis by hand.
  • actuation means which for instance are of the type of a jack.
  • the rotation of the cutter about its axis can be performed continuously or in steps, depending on the type of actuation means employed.
  • the latter includes rotary attachments for the hoses of the fluid used for the drive of the cutting assembly and of the thrust and guide assembly.
  • the cutter includes two attachments for the hoses of the drive fluid; these attachments are positioned on opposite sides of the cutter and are connected alternatively to the means that feeds the drive fluid under pressure according to the orientation of the cutting assembly and thrust and guide assembly.
  • This rotation system makes possible, on the one hand, a considerable reduction in the times of corrective action where work is being done on opposite walls of one excavation and, on the other hand, makes possible the avoidance of work to displace and re-position the supporting means, whether of a stationary or movable type, of the cutter, for these operations are always long and complicated and lead to possible accidents.
  • the adjustment of the horizontal position of the shield of the thrust and guide assembly on the supporting frame is such as to be adapted to the irregularities in the bare transverse earth wall of the trench.
  • This situation ensures the correct vertical positioning of the descending cutter according to the invention in the trench so as to produce a vertical terminal transverse wall of the panel and to form in that wall the desired profile of the joint.
  • the actuation and adjustment of the thrust and guide assembly can be controlled by an inclinometer associated with the cutter according to the invention.
  • the inclinometer During descent of the cutter according to the invention in the trench the inclinometer records the deflections of the cutter from the vertical and actuates the thrust and guide assembly in such a way as to compensate these deflections, thus ensuring always a vertical position of the transverse wall of the joint and of the joint profile created in that wall.
  • the thrust and guide assembly may include auxiliary distancing elements which are caused to cooperate with the shield.
  • the correction of the trim of the cutter according to the invention during its descent may be continuous and automatic or intermittent.
  • the cutting assembly During descent of the cutter according to the invention into the excavation the cutting assembly generates debris both by the flattening of the transverse wall and by the creation of the joint profile. This debris accumulating in the bottom of the excavation can be removed, for instance, with the bucket excavator itself after the cutter according to the invention has been withdrawn from the excavation.
  • the cutter according to the invention includes means to remove the debris which comprise, for instance, aspiration means associated with a discharge duct to withdraw directly the debris due to the action of the cutter while such debris forms.
  • the cutting sprockets can rotate in two directions, one of which is the working direction, while the other makes possible a possible disengagement of the cutting sprockets where there are obstacles.
  • the cutter according to the invention makes possible a considerable reduction in the production times and therefore in the costs of the diaphragms for foundations.
  • the number 10 in the attached figures denotes generally a cutter for diaphragm joints according to the invention.
  • the cutter 10 according to the invention is employed in the production of a diaphragm 15 consisting of a plurality of adjacent concrete panels 14, which are cast one by one in sequence and are suitably joined together to form one single structure.
  • the cutter 10 is employed to form a joint profile 12 on the terminal transverse wall 13 of a panel 14a in such a way as to produce a joint with a seal engagement together with an adjacent panel 14b which still has to be cast.
  • the cutter 10 includes a frame 16 on which are installed, on one side, a cutting assembly 17, and, on the longitudinally opposite side, a thrust and guide assembly 18.
  • the frame 16 includes attachment means 19 for connection to a supporting and operating structure such as a crane, a kelly or another like structure for vertical operation of the frame within a trench 11 excavated in the ground 30.
  • a supporting and operating structure such as a crane, a kelly or another like structure for vertical operation of the frame within a trench 11 excavated in the ground 30.
  • the cutting assembly 17 is of a known type and comprises cutting sprockets 20 with toothed chains 21, the cutting sprockets being driven by an appropriate motor 22, which is advantageously, but not only, of a hydraulic type.
  • the cutting sprockets 20 and chains 21 can advantageously be positioned reciprocally to suit the transverse size of the excavation 11.
  • the cutting sprockets 20 and chains 21 advantageously include teeth of a replaceable type, which can be replaced with other teeth of a different shape and size so as to create a joint profile 12 of a desired form.
  • the cutting assembly 17 is positioned in the lower part of the frame, 16 and cooperates with the terminal transverse wall 13 of the panel 14 so as to trim any imperfections and to re-work that wall 13 so as to create a joint profile 12 of a desired form.
  • the frame 16 includes above the cutting assembly 17 a sidewall 23 for sliding and guiding, which cooperates with the re-worked segment 13a of the terminal transverse wall 13 of the panel 14 after the cutting assembly 17 has passed therealong.
  • the thrust and guide assembly 18 in this case includes a shield 24, the outer face of which is caused to cooperate with the bare transverse earth wall 25 that defines the trench 11 at its rear side.
  • the shield 24 is driven in the longitudinal direction defined by the trench 11 and therefore perpendicular to the direction of descent of the cutter 10 according to the invention in such a way that it keeps the cutting assembly 17 in contact with the terminal transverse wall 13 of the panel 14.
  • the shield 24 is fitted to a plurality of oscillatory arms 26 and is moved by hydraulic actuators 27 pivoted on the frame 16.
  • the actuation of the actuators 27 has the purpose of taking up any irregularities 28 in the bare transverse earth wall 25 of the trench 11 and thus ensures that the cutter 10 according to the invention descends correctly in a vertical direction within the trench 11, thus producing a joint profile 12 with a vertical axis on the vertical terminal transverse wall 13 of the panel 14.
  • the actuators 27 are associated advantageously with an inclinometer 29 fitted to the frame 16; the inclinometer 29 monitors the deflections of the cutter 10 during descent of the latter and corrects its inclination by acting on the actuators 27. This adjustment can be carried out continuously or intermittently.
  • the debris produced by the cutting assembly 17 during descent of the cutter 10 while creating the joint profile 12 and accumulating on the bottom of the excavation 11 can be removed, for instance, by the excavator bucket after the cutter 10 according to the invention has been withdrawn from the trench 11.
  • the cutter 10 includes an assembly (not shown here), which removes the debris and comprises aspiration means associated with a discharge duct for direct discharge of the debris due to the action of the cutter 10.
  • the cutter 10 according to the invention can be rotated about its own longitudinal axis in such a way as to cause the cutting assembly 17 and thrust and guide assembly 18 to face alternatively the terminal transverse wall 13 of the trench without having to displace the supporting and operating structure on which the cutter 10 is suspended by means of the attachment means 19.
  • the cutting assembly 17 and thrust and guide assembly 18 are associated by means of a rotary joint 31 with the frame 16 which comprises at its upper end the attachment means 19.
  • the rotary joint 31 can be operated by hand to position the the cutting assembly 17 so as to face one wall 13 of the trench or the opposite wall 13.
  • the cutter 10 includes an actuation assembly 32 to perform rotation of the cutting assembly 17 and the thrust and guide assembly 18 in relation to the frame 16.
  • the actuation assembly 32 consists of jack means 33 pivoted on a pivot 34 associated with the frame 16.
  • the rotary joint 31 includes three eyelets 35, with which there cooperates momentarily the terminal portion of the jack means 33 with the assistance of a pin 36.
  • the rotation of the rotary joint 31 by 180° is carried out in three successive steps, in which the jack means 33 cooperate with the first eyelet 35a to perform a rotation of 60°, and then with the second eyelet 35b and lastly with the third eyelet 35c.
  • Fig.5a shows the starting position, with the jack means 33 cooperating with the first eyelet 35a, whereas Fig.5b shows the position of the cutter 10 after a partial rotation of 60°.
  • the actuation assembly 32 consists of transmission-gear means or other known means to transmit rotary motion.
  • the cutter 10 of a rotary type advantageously includes attachments 32 for the hoses conveying the drive fluid, these attachments 37 being associated respectively with the cutting assembly 17 and with the thrust and guide assembly 18 and being positioned on the two opposite sides of the cutter 10 so that they can be connected to the means which feed the drive fluid under pressure when the cutter 10 is located in either of the two extreme rotary positions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
EP94114293A 1993-10-26 1994-09-12 Fraise pour former joints de diaphragme Ceased EP0649716A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUS930212 1993-10-26
ITUS930212 1993-10-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0649716A1 true EP0649716A1 (fr) 1995-04-26

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Family Applications (1)

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EP94114293A Ceased EP0649716A1 (fr) 1993-10-26 1994-09-12 Fraise pour former joints de diaphragme

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0649716A1 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2771429A1 (fr) * 1997-11-25 1999-05-28 Sol Comp Du Benne de forage a correction de verticalite
EP1111139A1 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-27 Juan Vicente Herrero Codina Benne preneuse pour murs de fondation et pieux rectangulaires, et excavatrice munie d'une telle benne
EP1847652A1 (fr) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-24 CASAGRANDE SpA Dispositif de déblai
EP1847653A1 (fr) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-24 CASAGRANDE SpA Appareil pour l'accessibilité au moyen de commande
EP1950353A1 (fr) * 2007-01-26 2008-07-30 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Dispositif d'excavation du sol
WO2009106449A1 (fr) 2008-02-25 2009-09-03 Aker Wirth Gmbh Dispositif et procédé pour réaliser des trous de forage dans la terre, trous de forage dont les coupes transversales se recoupent partiellement
WO2009106448A1 (fr) 2008-02-25 2009-09-03 Aker Wirth Gmbh Dispositif et procédé pour réaliser dans la terre des forages dont les coupes transversales se recoupent partiellement
CN102561403A (zh) * 2011-12-26 2012-07-11 上海远方基础工程有限公司 用于地下连续墙的刷壁方法
WO2013007968A2 (fr) 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Coupland John William Procédés et appareil pour parois moulées
JP2016166459A (ja) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 株式会社大林組 清掃装置
US10988911B2 (en) 2017-04-26 2021-04-27 Ccmj Systems Ltd Diaphragm walls
US11225769B2 (en) 2018-02-15 2022-01-18 Ccmj Systems Ltd Shear key former apparatus and method(s)
US11268260B2 (en) 2017-11-06 2022-03-08 Ccmj Systems Ltd Cutting assembly

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2128233A (en) * 1982-08-19 1984-04-26 Shimizu Construction Co Ltd Method of and apparatus for constructing a water-tight underground pile wall
JPS63125727A (ja) * 1986-11-17 1988-05-28 Shimizu Constr Co Ltd 地中連続壁垂直継手部ほぞ溝施工法及びその装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2128233A (en) * 1982-08-19 1984-04-26 Shimizu Construction Co Ltd Method of and apparatus for constructing a water-tight underground pile wall
JPS63125727A (ja) * 1986-11-17 1988-05-28 Shimizu Constr Co Ltd 地中連続壁垂直継手部ほぞ溝施工法及びその装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 374 (M - 749) 6 October 1988 (1988-10-06) *

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2771429A1 (fr) * 1997-11-25 1999-05-28 Sol Comp Du Benne de forage a correction de verticalite
EP0919669A2 (fr) * 1997-11-25 1999-06-02 Compagnie Du Sol Benne de forage à correction de verticalité
EP0919669A3 (fr) * 1997-11-25 1999-12-08 Compagnie Du Sol Benne de forage à correction de verticalité
EP1111139A1 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-27 Juan Vicente Herrero Codina Benne preneuse pour murs de fondation et pieux rectangulaires, et excavatrice munie d'une telle benne
ES2160081A1 (es) * 1999-12-16 2001-10-16 Codina Juan Vicente Herrero Cuchara para maquinas excavadoras de muros pantallas y pilotes rectangulares, y maquina dotada de dicha cuchara.
US6446364B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2002-09-10 Juan Vicente Herrero Codina Grab for excavators of foundation walls and rectangular piles, and an excavator provided with said grab
EP1847652A1 (fr) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-24 CASAGRANDE SpA Dispositif de déblai
EP1847653A1 (fr) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-24 CASAGRANDE SpA Appareil pour l'accessibilité au moyen de commande
EP1950353A1 (fr) * 2007-01-26 2008-07-30 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Dispositif d'excavation du sol
US7685749B2 (en) 2007-01-26 2010-03-30 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Soil stripping device
WO2009106448A1 (fr) 2008-02-25 2009-09-03 Aker Wirth Gmbh Dispositif et procédé pour réaliser dans la terre des forages dont les coupes transversales se recoupent partiellement
WO2009106449A1 (fr) 2008-02-25 2009-09-03 Aker Wirth Gmbh Dispositif et procédé pour réaliser des trous de forage dans la terre, trous de forage dont les coupes transversales se recoupent partiellement
US8505650B2 (en) 2008-02-25 2013-08-13 Aker Wirth Gmbh Apparatus and method for making boreholes in the ground, the cross sections of which boreholes partially intersect
US8662206B2 (en) 2008-02-25 2014-03-04 Aker Wirth Gmbh Apparatus and method for making boreholes in the ground, the cross sections of which boreholes partially intersect
WO2013007968A2 (fr) 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Coupland John William Procédés et appareil pour parois moulées
WO2013007968A3 (fr) * 2011-07-14 2013-09-26 Coupland John William Procédés et appareil pour parois moulées
US9371623B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2016-06-21 Ccmj Systems Ltd Diaphragm wall apparatus and methods
CN102561403A (zh) * 2011-12-26 2012-07-11 上海远方基础工程有限公司 用于地下连续墙的刷壁方法
CN102561403B (zh) * 2011-12-26 2014-04-02 上海远方基础工程有限公司 用于地下连续墙的刷壁方法
JP2016166459A (ja) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 株式会社大林組 清掃装置
US10988911B2 (en) 2017-04-26 2021-04-27 Ccmj Systems Ltd Diaphragm walls
US11268260B2 (en) 2017-11-06 2022-03-08 Ccmj Systems Ltd Cutting assembly
US11225769B2 (en) 2018-02-15 2022-01-18 Ccmj Systems Ltd Shear key former apparatus and method(s)

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