EP0645781B2 - Câble d'énergie à rigidité diélectrique améliorée - Google Patents

Câble d'énergie à rigidité diélectrique améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0645781B2
EP0645781B2 EP94402053A EP94402053A EP0645781B2 EP 0645781 B2 EP0645781 B2 EP 0645781B2 EP 94402053 A EP94402053 A EP 94402053A EP 94402053 A EP94402053 A EP 94402053A EP 0645781 B2 EP0645781 B2 EP 0645781B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polymer
dielectric layer
cable
doped
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94402053A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0645781A1 (fr
EP0645781B1 (fr
Inventor
Hakim Janah
José Bezille
Jean Becker
Jean-Claude Assier
Bernard Aladenize
Alain Le Mehaute
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexans France SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Cable SA
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Publication date
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Priority claimed from FR9311117A external-priority patent/FR2710184B1/fr
Application filed by Alcatel Cable SA filed Critical Alcatel Cable SA
Publication of EP0645781A1 publication Critical patent/EP0645781A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0645781B1 publication Critical patent/EP0645781B1/fr
Publication of EP0645781B2 publication Critical patent/EP0645781B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
    • H01B9/027—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients composed of semi-conducting layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to power cables in high voltage and direct or alternating current. She wears more particularly on such a rigidity power cable improved dielectric.
  • This power cable has a polymeric insulation of preferably extruded.
  • the insulation covers a screen internal semiconductor, covering the core itself conductive of the cable, and is covered with a screen external semiconductor.
  • This polymeric insulation has high intrinsic dielectric strength. Its rigidity practical dielectric, obtained on the cable, is lower to its intrinsic rigidity. This difference is due essentially the presence of impurities or cavities, which were introduced or formed before and / or during the setting using insulation on the cable, give rise to local electric field concentrations in the insulation and are the source of possible electrical faults through cable insulation.
  • Document JP-A-2-18811 describes a power cable to polymeric insulation containing 0.2 to 1.5% by mass of black of carbon.
  • the insulation thus modified can be used directly on the conductive core of the cable.
  • the weak amount of carbon black it contains reduces risk of electrical faults which may be due to peripheral irregularities of the core and impurities or internal cavities of the insulation, improving homogeneity distribution of the electric field and therefore the reliability of the cable. It gives the insulation a slight conductivity electric, as such weak but not zero.
  • This conductivity is constant and directly related to the intrinsic electrical conductivity of carbon black, typically from 10 to 100 S / cm, contained in the insulation. She promotes leakage currents in the insulation and increases its dielectric losses. It decreases the rigidity intrinsic dielectric of the insulation thus modified and by there its practical dielectric strength on the cable, this regardless of whether there are irregularities or internal cavities.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce a cable energy whose polymeric insulation is stiff high dielectric, which only adapts locally to possible impurities or cavities.
  • a direct current energy cable with improved dielectric strength comprising an electrical core and a first polymeric dielectric layer for insulating said core, characterized in that said first dielectric layer is constituted by an insulating polymer matrix containing at least one conductive polymer, which is incorporated into said polymer matrix with a mass rate such that the electrical conductivity resulting from said first dielectric layer is less than 10 -14 S / cm and which makes said electrical conductivity resulting from said first layer self-adapting locally in the presence of faults, by increasing as a function of the electric field due to the fault at a given point.
  • the cable shown in Figure 1 has a core conductive 1, formed by a conductive strand but capable as well be formed by a single conductor, which is surrounded by an internal semiconductor screen 2, itself surrounded by a dielectric layer of insulation 3, in turn surrounded by an external semiconductor screen 4.
  • a sheath of protection 5 surrounds the external semiconductor screen 4 and provides cable protection. She is particularly lead or lead alloy. It can be insulating and then preferably associated with a mass metal screen directly underlying.
  • the insulating dielectric layer 3 is constituted by an insulating polymer matrix in which is incorporated at least one conductive polymer, with a mass rate such that the electrical conductivity resulting from the dielectric layer 3 is lower. at 10 -14 S / cm in direct current, and at 10 -10 S / cm in alternating current.
  • the electrical conductivity or the constant dielectric of layer 3 in the cable according to the invention grows substantially locally, in the presence of a fault at any point, being variable from one point to another depending on the faults in these points.
  • Dielectric layer 3 is said to be accordingly self-adapting locally according to different faults that she presents. It thus makes it possible to homogenize the distribution of the electric field across it over the entire cable length, reducing the risk of breakdown due to to these faults.
  • the conductive polymer may for example be a undoped, dedoped or autodoped polymer.
  • an undoped conductive polymer is a polymer whose synthesis does not require introduction dopant, such as polyaniline obtained by reaction of polycondensation of aniline and quinone, or polyacetylene, the polymerization of which was initiated by of a Ziegler-Natta type catalyst.
  • a self-doping conductive polymer is a polymer obtained by grafting a dopant during its synthesis, such as by example polyaniline grafted by a sulfonic group on the cycle.
  • a dedoped conductive polymer is a polymer doped with during its synthesis, like the polyaniline treated with hydrochloric acid, then dedoped by elimination of this acid by an appropriate means.
  • its mass rate in the dielectric layer 3 is at most of about 2% by mass, both for use in direct current than alternating current.
  • its mass rate in layer 3 will preferably be at most equal to 5% by mass approx, both for current use continuous than alternative.
  • One or each of the internal semiconductor screens 2 and external 4 is advantageously of the type described in document EP-A-0507676, which consists of a insulating polymer matrix and at least one polymer conductive, the latter being chosen from polymers not doped and doped then dedoped polymers, and being incorporated into the polymer matrix with a rate of 5 to 70% by mass, and preferably 20 to 30%, to obtain a conductivity of semiconductor screens less than or equal at 1 S / cm.
  • one or each of these semiconductor screens consists of a matrix insulating polymer and at least one conductive polymer self-doped in particular of the type described in the document EP-A-0512926, which is incorporated with a rate mass greater than 5% by mass, and preferably included between 10 and 40% by mass in the polymer matrix.
  • the polymer matrix of the dielectric layer 3 includes, like that of semiconductor screens 2 and 4, at minus one thermoplastic polymer, chosen from resins acrylic, styrenic, vinyl and cellulosic, polyolefins, fluoropolymers, polyethers, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, silicones, their copolymers, and mixtures between homopolymers and between homopolymers and copolymers.
  • thermoplastic polymer chosen from resins acrylic, styrenic, vinyl and cellulosic, polyolefins, fluoropolymers, polyethers, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, silicones, their copolymers, and mixtures between homopolymers and between homopolymers and copolymers.
  • thermoplastic polymer is chosen among polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-proprylene-diene-monomer (EPDM), fluorinated polyvinylidene (PVDF), ethylene-butylacrylate (EBA), alone or in mixture.
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • EVA ethylene-proprylene-diene-monomer
  • PVDF fluorinated polyvinylidene
  • EBA ethylene-butylacrylate
  • the polymer matrix comprises at least a thermosetting polymer chosen from polyesters, epoxy resins and phenolic resins.
  • the undoped or doped polymer (s) and then Doped of the dielectric layer 3, like that or those semiconductor screens 2 and 4 are possible, are chosen in the group comprising polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyalkylthiophenes, their derivatives and mixtures.
  • undoped and dedoped polymers do not contain ionic groups. Their intrinsic electrical conductivity, measured in direct current, is very low and of the order of 10 -10 to 10 -9 S / cm.
  • the conductivity of the dielectric layer 3, containing at most 5% of the undoped or dedoped polymer, is of the order and even less than 10 -14 S / cm for use in direct current and at low electric fields, and less than 10 -10 S / cm for use in alternating current and at low electric fields, that is to say in the absence of faults or in the presence of negligible faults, which does not degrade the high dielectric strength of this layer .
  • the layer's self-doped polymer (s) dielectric are chosen from polyanilines autodope with benzene or benzene nuclei and quinonics, which carry grafts made up for some by a hydrocarbon radical, containing from 2 to 8 atoms carbon and interrupted by at least one hetero atom, and for others by a strong acid function or one of its salts, said hetero atom being itself chosen from O and S and the strong acid function among the acid residues sulfonic, phosphonic and phosphoric or their salts.
  • the intrinsic electrical conductivity, measured in direct current, of these self-doped polymers is on the order of 10 -3 to 10 -2 S / cm on average. It is also adjustable as desired between 10 -5 and 1 S / cm, by varying the molecular ratio of the two types of grafts.
  • the electrical conductivity of the dielectric layer 3, consisting of the above polymer matrix to which is added at most 2% by mass of this self-doped polymer, is itself adjustable and of the order of or less than 10 -14 S / cm for use at low electric fields in direct current, and of the order or less than 10 -10 S / cm for use in alternating current at low electric fields. This dielectric strength decreases with the increase of the electric field.
  • the electrical conductivity and the dielectric constant of such a dielectric layer increase strongly with the electric field and then make it possible to support without problem a significant local concentration of space charges and to distribute these charges.
  • the aforementioned dielectric layer 3 surrounds directly the cable core and is directly covered by the protective sheath 5, the two semiconductor screens internal and external being deleted.
  • the cable shown in this figure 2 includes a internal dielectric layer 7, between the conductive core 1 and the dielectric layer 3, and an external dielectric layer 8, between the dielectric layer 3 and the protective sheath 5.
  • Each of these two dielectric layers 7 and 8 is consisting of at least one of the polymers in the matrix aforementioned insulating polymer and at least one polymer conductor incorporated into this matrix, with a rate of 5 to 20% by mass.
  • Its conductive polymer is at least one of three aforementioned conductive polymer types, but is preferably chosen from only undoped polymers or dedicated. It is added to the polymer matrix of the layer dielectric with a rate less than or equal to 20% by mass and greater than 5% by mass.
  • the resulting electrical conductivity of layers 7 and 8 is 10 -14 to 1 S / cm for use in direct current, and 10 -10 to 1 S / cm for use in alternating current.
  • the cable has two semiconductor screens as in the Figure 1, the internal screen being covered by the layer internal dielectric 7 and the external screen covering the external dielectric layer 8.
  • one or each of the layers dielectric internal 7 and external 8 is divided into several elementary layers, such as 7A and 7B and 8A and 8B, having a mass content of conductive polymer which remains between 5 and 20% but is different from a layer elementary to another.
  • This level of conductive polymer elementary layers of inner layer 7 is decreasing successively, from the innermost elementary layer 7A in contact with the soul. However, it is increasing in the outer layer 8, from the most elementary layer internal 8A in contact with the dielectric layer 3 up to the outermost elementary layer 8B in contact with the protective sheath 5.
  • the inner 7 and outer 8 dielectric layers or their possible elementary layers play the role internal and external semiconductor screens when are subjected to high electric fields, which are due to their internal faults and further to irregularities conductive core devices or faults in the protective shealth. They play the role of layer dielectric at low electric fields.
  • the electrical conductivity of layer 7A is between 10 -9 and 1 S / cm, that of layer 7B between 10 -14 and 10 -9 S / cm, that of layer 8A between 10 -14 and 10 -9 S / cm, and that of layer 8B between 10 -9 and 1 S / cm.
  • the electrical conductivity of layer 7A is between 10 -5 and 1 S / cm, that of layer 7B between 10 -10 and 10 -5 S / cm, that of layer 8A between 10 -10 and 10 -5 S / cm, and that of layer 8B between 10 -5 and 1 S / cm.
  • the cable according to the invention comprises semiconductor screens as such
  • these may consist of either the materials described more top, or classic materials used for screens semiconductors in prior art cables.
  • cables according to the invention can be made using conventional methods of manufacture of this type of cables.

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  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP94402053A 1993-09-17 1994-09-14 Câble d'énergie à rigidité diélectrique améliorée Expired - Lifetime EP0645781B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9311117A FR2710184B1 (fr) 1993-09-17 1993-09-17 Câble d'énergie à rigidité diélectrique améliorée.
FR9311117 1993-09-17
FR9312227A FR2710183B3 (fr) 1993-09-17 1993-10-14 Câble d'énergie à rigidité diélectrique améliorée.
FR9312227 1993-10-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0645781A1 EP0645781A1 (fr) 1995-03-29
EP0645781B1 EP0645781B1 (fr) 1997-04-09
EP0645781B2 true EP0645781B2 (fr) 2000-06-07

Family

ID=26230605

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94402053A Expired - Lifetime EP0645781B2 (fr) 1993-09-17 1994-09-14 Câble d'énergie à rigidité diélectrique améliorée

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0645781B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP4040114B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR100323178B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN1124868A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU683076B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE69402494T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK0645781T4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2710183B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2779268B1 (fr) * 1998-05-27 2000-06-23 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Bobinage electrique, transformateur et moteur electrique comportant un tel bobinage
FR2827999B1 (fr) * 2001-07-25 2003-10-17 Nexans Ecran semi-conducteur pour cable d'energie
NO335342B1 (no) 2013-01-02 2014-11-24 Nexans Feltgraderingslag
FR3003993B1 (fr) * 2013-03-29 2016-08-19 Nexans Cable electrique comprenant une couche a gradient de propriete electrique
CA2964573A1 (en) 2014-10-17 2016-04-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Dielectric material with enhanced breakdown strength
CN104332220B (zh) * 2014-11-12 2017-07-21 远东电缆有限公司 一种柔软性抗核电磁脉冲智慧信息系统用电缆

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2091030A (en) † 1981-01-14 1982-07-21 Pirelli Cavi Spa High voltage dc electric cable
EP0112522A2 (de) † 1982-12-24 1984-07-04 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polymers
GB2165689A (en) † 1984-10-08 1986-04-16 Ass Elect Ind High voltage cables
EP0195257A2 (de) † 1985-03-14 1986-09-24 BROWN, BOVERI & CIE Aktiengesellschaft Kunststoffkabel
JPH0218811A (ja) † 1988-07-05 1990-01-23 Fujikura Ltd 直流電力ケーブル

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3666876A (en) * 1970-07-17 1972-05-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Novel compositions with controlled electrical properties
US3792192A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-02-12 Anaconda Co Electrical cable
WO1992017995A1 (fr) 1991-04-02 1992-10-15 Alcatel Cable Materiau pour ecran semi-conducteur
US5371182A (en) 1991-05-07 1994-12-06 Alcatel N.V. Self-doped conductive polyanilines, and method of preparing them

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2091030A (en) † 1981-01-14 1982-07-21 Pirelli Cavi Spa High voltage dc electric cable
EP0112522A2 (de) † 1982-12-24 1984-07-04 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polymers
GB2165689A (en) † 1984-10-08 1986-04-16 Ass Elect Ind High voltage cables
EP0195257A2 (de) † 1985-03-14 1986-09-24 BROWN, BOVERI & CIE Aktiengesellschaft Kunststoffkabel
JPH0218811A (ja) † 1988-07-05 1990-01-23 Fujikura Ltd 直流電力ケーブル

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Elektrisch leitende Kunststoffe", éds. H.J. Mair et S. Roth, Hansa Verlag, 1986, pages VII-IX, 16, 40, 41, 237-250, 253-262 et 347-359 †
"etz", vol. 109, no. 20, 1988, pages 946-951 †
"Kunststoffe", Vol. 79, No. 6, pages 510-514, 1989 †

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0645781A1 (fr) 1995-03-29
KR950009751A (ko) 1995-04-24
JPH07169339A (ja) 1995-07-04
JP4040114B2 (ja) 2008-01-30
DK0645781T4 (da) 2000-10-09
KR100323178B1 (ko) 2002-05-13
FR2710183B3 (fr) 1995-10-13
DE69402494D1 (de) 1997-05-15
DE69402494T3 (de) 2000-08-31
AU7296794A (en) 1995-03-30
FR2710183A1 (fr) 1995-03-24
DK0645781T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1997-05-05
AU683076B2 (en) 1997-10-30
DE69402494T2 (de) 1997-07-17
EP0645781B1 (fr) 1997-04-09
CN1124868A (zh) 1996-06-19

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