EP0643644A1

EP0643644A1 - Paper-based profiled bodies and process for producing the same

Info

Publication number: EP0643644A1
Application number: EP93911745A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter H. Meier
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1992-05-14
Filing date: 1993-05-14
Publication date: 1995-03-22
Also published as: WO1993023240A2; WO1993023240A3; DE4236447A1; AU5173093A

Abstract

Profiled bodies are characterized by being made of a single or multiple layer paper material, possibly reinforced by a less rigid reinforcing layer. The individual layers have a maximum weight of 150 g/cm2. The profiled bodies have one or several cavities with at least 1.5 mm free height. The cavities are produced by stamping by means of a male mould and a corresponding die (female mould). Also disclosed are a process for producing said profiled bodies and a fibre-reinforced material which is particularly suitable for producing said profiled bodies.

Description

Paper-based profile body and method for producing the same

The invention relates to thin-walled profile bodies made of a paper-based material according to the preamble of claim 1, a fiber-reinforced material for producing the same and a method for producing the same.

The profile bodies of interest here, which are made of relatively thin-walled material, are particularly common in the packaging sector. Therefore, the invention is to be explained below primarily on the basis of this example, without being restricted thereto.

Previously known shaped packaging or packaging parts, which have relatively thin-walled deep-drawn parts or other shaped cavities for receiving the objects to be packaged, often consist either of plastics that are easy to deep-draw or can be shaped in some other way (for example packaging parts with one or more recesses for Inclusion of small objects such as buttons, thumbtacks, hair clips and the like, which are often provided with a cover made of cardboard or cardboard, packaging inlays. Within a further packaging for accommodating, for example, foods, such as cookies, chocolate, chocolates, packaging parts, the lower parts of packaging with cover sheets made of metal, such as the lower parts of blister packs for taking medication, or packaging in the form of tubes), or made of metal foils (eg tubes for semi-liquid foodstuffs etc. and packaging trays for foodstuffs) or from combinations of these two materials with each other or with third materials such as paper or cardboard (e.g. plastic-coated metal foils, blister packaging for medication and the packaging listed above made from a combination of plastic and paper or cardboard).

Such packaging and packaging parts are associated with considerable disadvantages from an environmental point of view. Plastics are made from mineral oil derivatives, the raw material of which comes from dry sources. Furthermore, packaging in which plastic, metal and / or paper form a unit is a problem when disposed of as waste, since the individual materials are difficult or impossible to separate. Recycling is therefore very difficult, decomposition by natural means (composting) cannot be carried out either, and if metal is present, problematic metal oxide residues may arise during combustion.

Shaped packaging based on lignocellulose or another cellulose, which is to be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner, is currently almost exclusively made of relatively thick-walled material. An example of this are egg cartons, which are produced by forming the pulp on sieves and subsequent dewatering, see e.g. DE-A-38 37 647. This process provides a package whose surface is not very attractive and unsuitable for many purposes.

The deformation (embossing, pressing) of prefabricated cellulose-based materials (possibly in conjunction with hemicellulose and lignin) is for the production of relatively thick-walled relief bodies, for example packaging (in particular for accommodating foodstuffs) made of cardboard or a multilayer material which contains at least one cardboard box or contains another cellulose layer with a thickness of a few tenths of a millimeter. The packaging material is pressed with a (positive) stamp (male) into a (negative) counter-mold (female), embossed, deep-drawn, if necessary under the influence of moisture and / or heat (see, for example, EP-A-82 209, EP- A-156 000, DE-A-39 22 644 and DE-A-40 28 236).

The embossing of paper (including in this application a cellulose-based material (possibly in combination with hemicellulose and lignin) with a weight that is suitable for everyone Case is at most 150 g / cm 2, is understood) is known per se, but so far defined paper has not been embossed with a male and a corresponding female, but only with a female against a relatively soft counter surface such as rubber, cotton fabric or Paper. This process, which is used, for example, in bookbinding, for embossing wallpaper and hygienic paper, stresses the paper mechanically much less than the former would, since only the side facing the positive stamp is embossed smoothly and the other side is subjected to mechanical printing can evade that thicker and thinner layers with an uneven surface structure can form due to the positional flexibility of this side. For this very reason, however, embossed paper of this type cannot be used if a smooth surface on both sides and a relatively uniform layer thickness of the depressions are required, as is the case, for example, in the packaging sector.

An apparent exception are the so-called "capsules", usually made of glassine paper, for the individual packaging of chocolates and biscuits, which usually have a flat, often circular or elliptical base and angled side walls, which have a wave structure with wave peaks running from the bottom to the top and - Form valleys, (for the production of the capsules see, for example, Walter Hess, Die Papierverarbeitung, Technischer Verlag Herbert Cram, Berlin 1963, pages 81 - 84). On closer inspection, however, it emerges that here the void formation arises from a buckling process, namely the buckling of the side walls from the base part. The corrugation of the side walls serves to trap excess paper material and does not form a cavity in the usual sense, since the corrugation is open on one side. The tensile and compressive forces on the paper are thereby kept much lower than when a cavity is formed in the usual sense, which increases around its entire circumference from one in relation to its deepest part Edge is surrounded, would be the case by pressing.

The object of the invention is to provide a profile body of the aforementioned type, in particular in the form of packaging material, which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above, the basic material of which consists as far as possible of renewable raw materials and which can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner, and an economically advantageous process for its production .

This object is achieved by a profile body according to claim 1. The subclaims represent advantageous developments of the invention.

The He indation also relates to a method for producing the profile body.

The invention further relates to a fiber-reinforced paper-based material which is particularly suitable for processing with the method according to the invention.

It has surprisingly been found that paper can also be embossed to a much greater extent than is known in the prior art without tearing (bursting) by pressing with a male and female mold (without prior folding into a preform of the profile body or cutting the paper) or pressable (or, in analogy to the plastics sector, "thermoformable ¹¹ ) and that cavities formed in this way remain dimensionally stable, even if they are not fixed in position by bonding (eg gluing, gluing) to other bodies. The formation of such a thing is not known to date. This permits the production of profiles according to the invention with cavities which have a clear height of at least 1.5 mm at the lowest or highest point, which in particular means that Packaging is suitable for holding non-gaseous goods to be packaged, including molded and pourable solid materials, semi-solid or semi-liquid materials and liquids. It is surprising that the stiffness of the - of course appropriately chosen - starting material, especially in the area of the embossed cavities, is not impaired by the processing according to the invention, but on the contrary increases, sometimes even sharply, so that the profile bodies can have sufficient stiffness to to be able to be loaded and stored with goods to be packed without losing the shape of the packaging or the corresponding packaging part formed by embossing (pressing). It goes without saying that there are of course upper limits here, for example that the free-floating bottom part of a packaging insert according to the invention is not suitable for carrying a heavy object made of steel, for example. A generally applicable upper limit cannot be given, since it depends heavily on the properties of the material used, which is explained in more detail below, but it can be determined in individual cases by simple routine tests.

In this application, the term "paper" is understood to mean fibrous materials processed in the manner known for paper, the fibers of which are obtained in particular from wood, but also from other vegetable or animal fibrous materials (for example wool), the fiber content preferably being made from cellulose (if necessary in

Compound with hemicellulose and lignin), and which do not exceed a weight of 150 g / cm 2 (over 150 g / cm2 the range of cardboard begins; there is also paper in this weight range (generally up to 230 g / cm 2), but in

Connection with the invention is not of interest; Cardboard differs in the range from 150 to 230 g / cm 2 primarily by a lower specific weight and the associated greater thickness and rigidity of paper; please refer

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 4th edition, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1979, volume 17, pages 578 and 616).

Only fully compostable synthetic fibers can also form the fiber portion of paper as used in this invention, the one mentioned above

Weight limit also applies. Generally this is

Basis weight of the paper used according to the invention no more than 130 g / cm 2, more specifically no more than 100 g / cm 2 and ms particular no more than 80 g / cm 2. In the case of multi-layer materials used according to the invention, further preferred upper paper weight limits are dependent on the number of

Layers - the larger this number, the lighter the paper can be - and the type of one used if necessary

Reinforcement layer - the more tear resistance this gives the material, the easier it is to use it

Be paper - 60 g / cm 2, 40 g / cm2 and 20 g / cm2. The thickness of the

Paper layer or the added thickness of the paper layers, if several of them are used, generally does not exceed 300 μm, preferably 230 μm and in particular 180 μm.

The cavities of the profiled bodies according to the invention, which, as already noted above, are surrounded by a generally elevated margin in relation to their deepest part in accordance with the general understanding of cavities around their entire circumference, do not have a corrugated structure formed around the entire circumference of the hollow body (with Wave structure is a structure in which the processed material in its entire thickness rises or falls alternately above or below a middle level in the form of wave peaks or valleys, which can also taper to a point, with two side walls of the wave peaks or valleys there is a distance visible to the naked eye), but they can optionally have a ruffled or crinkled surface without the occurrence of a wave structure as defined above and formed around the entire circumference of the hollow body. The geometry of the cavities is wide Varyable, even cavities that expand downwards, for example "bottle-shaped", can be produced in principle, which is explained in more detail in the discussion of the method. In profile bodies according to the invention, which have only one embossed cavity and are preferably used for packaging purposes, this generally has at its deepest (highest) point a clear height of more than 0.5, more particularly 0.8 cm and in particular 1.5 cm and preferably a geometry in which the material base and one or more floors are arranged in parallel and the corresponding side walls are arranged at an angle to the material base of 90 to 115 ° (including the shape of a cylinder and a truncated cone), or the geometry of a spherical segment . Preferred profile bodies are also those which have more than 4 cavities and are used for packaging purposes; preferred geometries here are those mentioned above and shapes with a curved bottom, preferred clear heights at the deepest or highest point of the hollow body being at least 2.5 mm (for example for blister packs for medicines) and 5 mm (for example for the individual reception of small everyday objects such as buttons etc.) and 1.5 cm (e.g. for holding chocolates, pastries, etc.). Furthermore, cavities that are drawn over or over the plane of the paper over an area equal to or less than 5 cm 2, in particular also 1 cm 2, are particularly preferred. A preferred ratio of the smallest diameter of the void surface on the paper plane to the depth of the void is 1.5: 1 or less.

The significant advance in comparison to similar thin-walled profile bodies of the prior art is that they can be formed entirely or essentially from renewable raw materials and can therefore be largely or completely independent of dry raw material sources, and that their disposal is carried out in a much more environmentally friendly manner than that of previously known profile bodies can be (this is of paramount importance when considered as Packaging or packaging part are formed) and that their production is economical.

The prefabricated material from which the profiled bodies according to the invention are formed is made of one or more layers of paper and optionally one or more reinforcing layers of lower rigidity than that of the stiffest paper made of natural fibers used in the layer material, which can be glued (preferably glued) or unglued, and the material that connects these layers

(e.g. glue). A material is preferred which consists of a paper layer, a paper layer and a

Reinforcement layer, two layers of paper or two

Paper layers with an intermediate reinforcing layer is built up.

The main types of paper are packaging papers and special papers and beyond, especially with more than one paper layer, also graphic, especially printing papers. Papers that are more than 80% wood-free sulfite or sulfate pulp are preferred for many applications, especially when only one layer of paper is formed. In contrast, graphic paper with a relatively high wood content, when laminated with another layer of paper, is often used advantageously.

The types of paper that are suitable for a paper layer of the profile bodies according to the invention, in particular if they are designed as packaging or packaging parts, are selected primarily with regard to the required properties. In addition to wrapping papers, special papers for special purposes (for example water vapor and gas impermeability), but also, for example, graphic papers, for example for the outer paper layer of a multilayer material to be printed, can be used as _ = material for the profile bodies according to the invention. If possible, preference is given to paper types that have no or at least have no non-compostable plastic parts. For example, plastic-free parchment paper is suitable as an inner layer for packaging heavily greasy or water-containing goods, and parchment and parchment replacement paper are suitable as an inner layer for packaging less greasy or moist foods. However, the presence of plastics in the papers for the profile bodies according to the invention cannot be avoided in every application, for example very water-vapor or gas-tight papers can to date be produced practically only with the use of plastics. If such papers are used, those with compostable plastic parts are preferred. Transparent paper is preferred for many packaging purposes, since the goods can then be seen inside the packaging; however, the transparency of paper never reaches that which can be achieved with plastics. Of course, colored papers and papers provided with conventional paper auxiliaries and coatings or impregnations can also be used, if this is appropriate. Here too, discolorations and additives that can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner are particularly preferred.

The stiffness of the profile body, which is desired for a specific purpose, is of course influenced by the thickness of the selected paper layer (s), since the stiffness is known to depend in third power on the thickness of the paper. However, a surprising increase in stiffness, particularly in the area of the embossed cavities, can often be observed through the processing of the paper according to the invention, which may be in connection with a reinforcement layer, so that after successful embossing, a profile body according to the invention made of a flexible starting material has a stiffness which corresponds to that of an unprocessed material of much greater thickness.

The tensile strength (ISO 1924, 1981) and burst strength (ISO 2758, 1983) that are desired are experimentally determined properties and can be found out by the manufacturer or by the DIN catalog listed above.

Another criterion for paper selection is the deformability of the same. Not all papers can be embossed equally well (pressable, "deep-drawable"). In general, the formability due to embossing increases with increasing tensile strength or burst strength, whereby papers with a large ratio of fiber length to fiber thickness (e.g. 100: 1) are usually particularly easy to process. The deformability is generally also increased by increasing the number of layers with a constant total weight of the paper and by a reinforcing material which may be used.

Of course, several layers of paper can be made up of several types of paper. Often the purpose of packaging is to have the outer layer of paper printable.

It is not possible at this point to list all types of paper that can be used advantageously or all types of paper that can be used less advantageously, since, for example, the number of paper types offered in Germany is estimated at around 3000. It goes without saying that papers such as carbonless paper, facsimile paper or even many hygiene papers will find little or no use in the present invention. Paper types specified and standardized by various test methods can be found annually in the DIN catalog, subject groups 6390 and 6395, Beuth, Berlin. In Europa-BIRKNER: Handbook for the Production and Processing of Pulp, Paper and Cardboard, Birkner & Co. Verlag, Hamburg 1977, about 700 different types are listed. For more recent environmentally friendly paper developments, see for example EP-A-487497 and DE-A-41 08 170. The following types of paper are currently used with particular preference either for a paper layer which is in contact with the goods to be packaged or, if there are several paper layers, for all of them: parchment, parchment replacement, parchment, oil or with Wax coated or impregnated paper, tracing paper, wood-containing graphic paper and tissue paper, if it is processed together with a reinforcement layer, whereby corrugated forms of the listed paper types can also be used.

If the profile bodies according to the invention are constructed from more than one paper layer, these paper layers can be connected to one another, for example at the edges of the finished profile body, e.g. glued, be. However, the paper layers are preferably laminated over the entire surface, i.e. glued together. The lamination can be carried out using the lamination processes customary for paper, e.g. Wet lamination and wax lamination (see e.g. Peter Lorch and Horst Bergner, eds., Kaschiertechnik (Technological Publication Series 2), 2nd edition, Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1976); For reasons of environmental compatibility, preference is given to wet lamination with laminating adhesives made from natural constituents, such as, for example, vegetable glues, e.g. Starch glue and animal glues, e.g. Bone and skin glue.

To improve the mechanical strength of the profile body according to the invention and to increase the deformability of the raw material, a reinforcement layer with a lower stiffness than that of the stiffest paper layer made of a natural fiber material of plant or animal origin, such as materials made of animal hair, cotton, hemp, linen or cellulose, can be formed in it of knitted fabrics, braids, fine and coarse-mesh fabrics, felts, random fleeces, fiber tapes or individual fibers, which are not covered and only on the Packaging edges can be glued or laminated with the adjacent layer (s), whereby the above-mentioned lamination processes can be used. In principle, such materials have been known for a long time (see, for example, DE-A-16 35 609 and DE-A-20 23 854). Cellulose fibers, for example bandage gauze (not glued) and bookbinding gauze (glued), and linen are particularly preferred as the reinforcing layer.

It has surprisingly been found that

Paper materials, for example one of the latter

Verse reinforcement layers concealed, particularly deep

(for example more than 5 cm deep) to a durable, stiff

Cavity can be pressed. Despite their fixed position, the reinforcing fibers are flexible and / or elastic within certain limits, so that they adapt well during embossing and can give the material an overall higher tensile strength or burst strength.

Linen in combination with a layer of a special

₂ types of tissue paper with a weight of 20 g / cm, as

"Hansa linen" commercially available is a preferred one

Material with reinforcing layer for the invention

Profile body.

A material with two laminated layers of parchment, parchment or parchment replacement paper is also particularly preferred, into which an intermediate layer of glued or unglued gauze is inserted (fiber-reinforced paper-based material). This material is very malleable (in tests, embossing depths of more than 5 cm were achieved), mechanically stable, of good rigidity after processing and very environmentally friendly. It can comprise a paper layer as a second, if appropriate also as a further paper layer, but also a well printable paper layer. This material is new and was specially developed for the purpose according to the invention. For its manufacture paper layers of at most 80 g / cm 2 are preferably used. The lamination is carried out as mentioned above, wet lamination with the above-mentioned natural lamination adhesives, in particular wheat starch glue (wallpaper paste), being particularly preferred.

Preferred profile bodies in the form of packaging or packaging parts are listed below. These are package inserts which are arranged in a further packaging envelope. The paper layer facing the object to be packaged is preferably a grease-repellent, food-compatible paper of the particularly preferred types of paper listed above. More preferred are packaging parts that are fixed or loose with a non-embossed part (cover part) covering the recesses, which also consists of a material other than paper, such as e.g. Cardboard or cardboard can consist of, are provided or can be provided. This also includes bowl and cup shapes. Packaging with embossed upper parts, possibly mirror-symmetrical to the lower part for packaging round objects, is also within the scope of the invention, wherein the upper part can partially form a unit with the lower part. Packaging, the lower and upper parts of which are at least firmly bonded to the surroundings at all joints, preferably sealed (bonded airtight and water vapor-tight), can be used for sensitive goods. In particular, blister packs for the absorption of solid, semi-solid or liquid medicinal products should be mentioned. Another preferred profile body according to the invention is the embossed, in the opened state, mirror-symmetrical body of a tube, which has a hole for receiving a closure into which any suitable closures can be inserted.

More than two profile bodies according to the invention can also be connected to form a superordinate structure (for example a container) by either loosely joining them together or folded or firmly connected, for example by stapling, more preferably by gluing or optionally sealing gluing. Such superordinate structures can optionally be produced from a blank and connected via fold lines.

The profile bodies according to the invention can, if necessary, be connected to all materials which can be connected to paper in any way.

In principle, the pressing (embossing) according to the invention is carried out as in the known methods for embossing cardboard (newer methods can be found, for example, in EP-A-82 209 and US-A-4 143 587) by means of a positive stamp (male) and one corresponding, somewhat larger negative counterform (matrix) carried out. Suitable materials for male and female are all materials which are not deformable under the process conditions, for example iron, steel, but also wood or non-deformable rubber, metal being currently preferred.

In the simplest case, a flat layer of material used according to the invention is placed between the male and female molds and is formed by pressing the material through the male mold into the female mold until it stops.

The counter form (die) should be slightly larger than the positive form (male), whereby the optimal clearance between male and female primarily depends on the thickness of the material and the size of the surface of the cavities to be shaped. For example, when embossing cavities with a die formed as a hemisphere

20 mm in diameter and the use of a paper material made of two layers of laminated parchment paper, each with a surface weight of 40 g / cm 2, the Martize advantageously has a diameter which is 1 mm larger, for example when embossing a recess in the form of an inverted, truncated cone an upper diameter of approximately 80 mm, a lower diameter of approximately 65 mm and a height of approximately 50 mm in a three-layer material made of glassine paper gauze

Pargamin paper (basis weight of the paper layers: 40 g / cm 2 in each case) the diameter of the matrix advantageously 2-3 mm larger than that of the patrix. Even with many very small recesses, a larger scope is advantageous.

When embossing (deep-drawing) paper, in contrast to deep-drawing in the case of thermoplastic plastics, at least some material is always drawn into the gap between the male part and the male part from the vicinity of the paper surface section, which initially lies above the opening of the female part. It is therefore advantageous, particularly when embossing larger cavities, to allow the patrix to engage in the counter-shape in such a way that the paper can be fed. This can be accomplished, for example, by letting the patrix perform a slight reciprocating movement while engaging in the patrix, or by initially obliquely, particularly in the case of embossing cavities that are relatively large in relation to the depth, i.e. rotated around a horizontal axis, can intervene and then brings them into the final embossing position. When embossing larger voids, the paper can also be embossed by a device such as e.g. in DE-A-33 19 391 is first drawn into the trough of the die in order to provide enough material for the formation of the recess.

When several depressions are pressed in, it is preferable that not all depressions are embossed at the same time, since otherwise there may be an increased risk of tearing for the paper due to the occurrence of increased tension (such processes are known for thicker cellulose materials, see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,514,353 and DE-A-40 38 023). A device which is suitable for embossing many small depressions in which the risk of tearing is particularly great (and which is not possible with cardboard) is shown in FIG. 11. Several identical patrices (positive dies) or matrices (corresponding negative forms) are arranged along the circumference of a cylinder. A blank or a material web is conveyed between the cylinders for embossing, the cylinders moving in the opposite direction. The male or female can be single-row, but there can also be several next to each other on one cylinder. In the case of particularly sensitive materials, several cylinders with single-row male and female dies, which are, for example, offset in a V-shape with respect to the conveying direction of the paper material, can be used, so that, for example, first a depression in the middle and then two more depressions on both sides of the depression offset cylinder, etc.

Another device for embossing many, often smaller

Wells that are known in principle from cardboard embossing

(see the patents cited above) is shown in FIG. Here the material stays over an entire

Embossing process stationary over a die with many recesses. The patrix consists of a correspondingly large number of shapes which can be moved individually in the inverted direction, each of which is pressed one by one into a recess in the die by means of a suitable control mechanism. It is particularly favorable if the embossing process is started in the middle of the die and then continued towards the outside, since then there is always enough material available for pressing into the recesses of parts that have not yet been recessed. An embossing of many recesses with stationary material can also be done by a cylindrical male part, as described in the last paragraph, and a flat female part with several correspondingly arranged recesses, on which the web or the blank is placed, by rolling the cylindrical male part over the material on the female part.

Undercut cavities that have an inside diameter parallel to the exit plane that is larger than the corresponding diameter of the cavity on this exit plane, for example a cavity that is bottle-shaped, can also be embossed. A male that can expand is used for this purpose, for example a male made of inflatable rubber. In the unexpanded state, it is first pressed into the die, then expanded and, at the end of the pressing process, pulled back out of the cavity to its unexpanded state. In order to remove the pressed material, the die must be correspondingly evident, as is known from plastics technology.

As in the case of cardboard, embossing can be carried out either at ambient temperature or with heating to a temperature which is still tolerated by the material (generally approximately 220 ° C., preferably 200 ° C.). When working with heating, either (preferably) the male or female or both embossing tools are advantageously heated by appropriate devices.

Furthermore, as in the case of cardboard, the material can be moistened before or during the embossing process for better processability. This is preferably done with water or water vapor, but other hydrophilic, hydrogen-bonding liquids, such as, for example, methanol, ethanol or glycol, can also be used. Freshly laminated material that still contains moisture from the laminating adhesive is also preferably processed. Processed material containing increased moisture may, under certain circumstances, cause a slight crimp during the subsequent drying process, especially on the pressed surfaces. train what is not undesirable for certain applications, for example in the food sector, since this ensures a certain air supply. If moistened material is embossed with heating, it is advantageous if one or both of the embossing tools have perforations to allow steam to escape, as is known from the cathode embossing technique.

The material used according to the invention can be embossed as a blank or in the form of strip material, with transport devices known per se being used in each case.

The appropriate selection of the above-mentioned working conditions for a certain material can be made with a few routine attempts. In general, thicker material requires higher deformation temperatures and more moisture than similar thinner material, and, as mentioned above, single-layer material generally requires more stringent conditions than multilayer material of the same weight and type.

The method according to the invention delivers relatively uniform

Wall thicknesses and attractive, predominantly smooth surfaces

(apart from slight crimps, which can occur especially when cold stamping with moistening) on both sides of the stamped cavity, so that it can be used, for example, for packaging purposes. Under certain circumstances, the material base surface can experience a slight crimp, in particular at the edge of the cavities, which, if undesirable, can in most cases be eliminated by pressing the material base surface flat.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a cross section through a thin-walled profile body, which is formed as a packaging insert from a paper layer with embossed (pressed, "deep-drawn") depressions.

2 shows a plan view of the same packaging insert;

3 shows a cross section through a thin-walled profile body which is designed as a blister pack for medicines;

4 shows a plan view of the lower part of the same blister pack, with the cover sheet removed;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a thin-walled

Profile body, the tube body with

Reinforcing insert in which a closure is inserted (together forming a tube) is formed;

6 shows a plan view of the opened inside of the tube body with a punched-in hole for receiving the closure;

7 is a plan view of the same inside after the closure has been inserted;

8 shows a cross section through one half of the tube body;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the outside of a

Tube body with inserted cap without cap before folding (solid and dashed

Lines) and after folding (only solid lines);

Fig. 10 is a partial perspective view of the tube body. Fig. 11 is a schematic cross section through an arrangement of positive dies (male) and corresponding negative shapes (dies) on cylinders, which can be used for embossing (pressing) a plurality of cavities in a material web conveyed through the arrangement.

Fig. 12 is a schematic cross section through a

Arrangement of male and female dies used to emboss multiple cavities in one stationary

Material web can be used.

1 shows in cross section an embossed profile body 10 made of a paper-based material, which can be used as a packaging insert, with a material base 13, embossed cavities (depressions) 12 for receiving objects, a folded edge 11 and a standing surface 14 bent from this edge The embossed depressions 12 are shown with the geometry of a spherical segment, but they can also have any other suitable shape, for example assume that of a cuboid, an inverted obtuse cone, etc.; the side walls of these depressions (cavities) 12 can also be undercut, i.e. form an angle of less than 90 ° with the material base 13. Fig. 2 shows the same profile body in plan view. In one embodiment, the profile body consists of grease-resistant parchment paper, which makes it particularly suitable for absorbing fatty foods, e.g. Chocolate, chocolates, cookies, is suitable.

Such a packaging part can also be constructed from a plurality of paper layers with or without a reinforcement layer made of one of the above-mentioned materials.

Another embodiment of a deep-drawn profile body with or without a reinforcing layer has only one depression on (not shown). Furthermore, in the above-mentioned embodiments, the base 14 and the folded edge

11 are missing. The walls of the recess (s) 12 can also contain steps. In addition, the material base 13 can also be completely removed or at the upper edge of the depression

12 pulled down (e.g. pressed) or deformed into a bead, whereby, for example, a cup or bowl shape is formed.

Furthermore, the above packaging parts can be supplemented by a cover part to complete packaging. The cover part can be constructed from one or more layers of paper, which can also have depressions (e.g. for receiving round objects) or can also be flat. The cover part can be loosely on the lower part, but it can be firmly connected to it, e.g. by stapling or by gluing, and it can form a unit with the lower part via a foldable line which forms an edge of the packaging after folding.

As a packaging part, the above embodiments can e.g. can also be connected to other cover materials via the edges of the base surface 13, e.g. with cardboard, as is the case with many packages in which the deep-drawn part was previously made of plastic.

3 shows the cross section through a blister pack 20 for medication, which is formed by sealing a cover sheet 21 and a lower part 27 by means of an adhesive layer 23a, optionally 23b. Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the lower part 27 with the cover sheet removed. The lower part 27 is composed of three layers: an innermost paper layer 22 which can be selected as required (for example, glassine paper in the case of solid medicaments, parchment paper in the case of medicaments in an aqueous solution can be used), a reinforcing layer 24 preferably made of dressing material -Gauze and an outer 22

Paper layer 26, which may be of the same type as the innermost, for example, but also, if necessary, a gas and water vapor impermeable, plastic-containing paper layer. Recesses 25 for holding solid, semi-solid (e.g. suppositories), semi-liquid (e.g. sterile creams) or liquid medications (e.g. eye drops) are stamped into the material base surface 29 (pressed in). The geometry of these depressions does not have to be that shown in the form of a spherical segment, but can take on any suitable geometry. The base, apart from the reinforcing fibers, can be transparent, e.g. when using glassine paper, but it can also be opaque, which is necessary in the case of photosensitive medication, either due to the natural nature of the paper or by appropriate coloring of the same.

Embodiments with only one or two paper layers without a reinforcement layer are also possible.

The cover sheet 21 preferably consists of a printable paper so that the medication name etc. can be printed on. Again, this can be a transparent printable paper such as Glassine paper, or, a non-transparent paper as in the case of the lower part.

Preferably, the cover sheet, as shown, consists of only one paper slide so that the medication in the recesses 25 can be pressed through the paper layer by pressure on the bottom 28 thereof. However, if the removal of particularly highly effective medications is to be made more difficult, for example in order to make them childproof, the cover sheet can also be constructed from more than one layer of paper. For special security, it is also conceivable that a reinforcement layer, as described above, is provided in the cover sheet, an instrument for opening it may then have to be supplied with the medication packaging. The lower part and the cover sheet are glued to one another at least on the outer edges 30a, 30b by the adhesive layer 23a, preferably sealed (glued airtight and moisture-tight). Optionally, an adhesive layer 23b can be applied around each recess 25 or on substantially the entire material base surface 29 in order to lead to an even more secure shielding of the recesses 25 from the surroundings.

5 to 10 show views or partial views of a tube 41, the tube body 42 of which is made up of a paper inner layer 43, a reinforcing layer 44 and a further paper layer 45, which is preferably printable. The material for the inner layer should be a grease-repellent and / or waterproof paper, e.g. Parchment paper. Fig. 6 shows the unfolded inside of the tube body 42 before attaching the two-part closure 47 (prefabricated part made of plastic), which consists of a screw socket with mounting flange 46 and a threaded cap. However, all closures that can be used for tubes (e.g. stopper closures), also made of other materials that can be connected to paper (e.g. metal), can be used. The punched hole 48 is used to receive the threaded part of the plastic disc with thread 46 or another closure. The adhesive tabs 49 form the base of the

Tube body 42. The

Grooves 51, 52 and optional 52a, then the

Depressions 50 shaped in the form of a circular section,

(Other geometries are also possible), with only the adhesive tabs 49 remaining around the entire recesses 50 in the original paper plane. The embossing of the depressions 50 ends at the circular-arc-shaped grooves 52 (which, however, can also take on other geometries, for example a trapezoidal shape), which touch the grooves 51 on the mirror plane fold 54 of the unfolded tube body 42 and completely surround the punched-out hole 48. The upper part 53 of the lying between the grooves 52 and the punched hole 48 24

Tubehkδrpers is thereby arched in the direction of the depressions 50. In Fig. 7, the screw socket with the fastening flange 46 is guided through the hole (and, not shown, the fastening flange is glued to the upper part 53 of the tube body). The outside view of the tube at this stage of manufacture is shown in Fig. 9 (solid and broken lines). The solid lines in FIG. 9 show the tube in the next production stage, in which the tube is folded together at the mirror plane fold 54. If the tube is filled with the fastening flange 46 via the screw connection, all the adhesive tabs 49 can be glued (sealed) (not shown). Alternatively, to fill the tube, the lower adhesive tabs 49a initially remain unglued (unsealed) and may only be filled by the tube after they have been filled, possibly. when the cap is on, glued (sealed). The upper part 53 of the tube body 42 is pressed inwards (erected) before or after filling; see Fig. 10, in which the closure 47 of the tube is not shown for the sake of clarity.

11 shows a schematic cross section through an arrangement of (positive) embossing dies (patrices) 58 and the corresponding negative forms (dies) 59 each on the circumference of cylinders 56, 57. With this arrangement, many cavities can be successively cut into a material web (or Material cut) 55 can be embossed. During the embossing process, the cylinders move in the opposite direction, as a result of which 55 cavities 60 are embossed into a material web or blank that is passed between the cylinders. The material web (or material blank) 55 is conveyed either by the counter-rotating movement of the cylinders 56, 57 itself and / or by an additional transport device (not shown). The male or female can be single-row, but there can also be several next to each other on one cylinder. In the case of particularly sensitive materials, multiple cylinders are used with single-row male and female dies, for example V-shaped against one another are offset, so that, for example, first a recess in the middle and then two further recesses on both sides of the hole are embossed by the offset cylinders, etc. (not shown), whereby if an embossing is being carried out in adjacent pairs of cylinders, the middle pairs of cylinders 56, 57 are preferably in a position in which the embossing process has largely ended or in which no embossing takes place, ie no male part 58 engages in a counter-mold 59, etc. This can be achieved by suitable spaces between male parts or male parts and a suitable relative rotational position of the cylinders can be controlled at the beginning of the embossing process.

Fig. 12 shows a cross section through a pressing device with which several depressions can be embossed in a stationary material in a staggered manner. The lower tool 62 has a heatable plate 66a with a plurality of depressions 65, which serve as matrices. A material 63 to be deformed is placed over the entire lower tool as a blank or strip material. The upper tool 61, which can be raised (not shown) and lowered, is constructed from a heatable plate 66b with cylindrical recesses 69. In the cylindrical recesses 69 there are individually liftable and lowerable cylindrical head parts 67 by means of a suitable mechanism, into which positive stamps are located

(Patrices) 64 in the form of a ball are embedded up to the equator of the ball. By staggered, individual

Lowering the positive stamp 64, preferably from the center of the

Starting with the tool and progressing outwards, the material can be embossed without excessive tensile forces which could cause the material 63 to rupture.

example 1

Production of a fiber-reinforced paper material with glassine paper-bookbinding gauze-glassine paper layers

Glassine paper with a basis weight of 40 g / cm 2 Spread evenly with wheat starch glue (wallpaper paste). Then a layer of bookbinding gauze and another layer of glassine paper (basis weight also

40 g / cm 2) placed on the coated surface. The material is covered with wooden boards, which are weighted with bricks, for smooth pressing.

The fiber-reinforced material is preferably used for embossing after approx. 30 minutes, since it then has a moisture content which is very suitable for these processes. Alternatively, it can be dried for approx. 24 hours under the load mentioned above and then moistened again before embossing.

Example 2

Production of individual packaging for chocolates

Individual packagings were made from a cut of glassine paper (basis weight: 40 g / cm) for chocolates, which consist of an embossed lower part and an upper part, also embossed with this, connected by a fold line, whereby the overall cavity created by joining the lower part and upper part together Has the shape of a chocolate candy.

A negative casting mold (female) and then a positive casting mold (male) were produced from the lower and upper half of the praline from a model casting compound, the molds being allowed to dry for 24 hours to completely harden. The patrix was reduced by sanding on all sides to such an extent that its circumference was approx. 0.5 mm smaller than that of the matrix. The two matrices were anchored in a wooden frame by further pouring with the model construction pouring compound in such a way that the two depressions were opened in a suitable arrangement Chocolate casing knitted together along its edge along an edge of about 6 mm in length and a flat section was formed around the depressions. The wooden frame was clamped in a pressure embossing device. Then a blank of glassine paper, which extended about 1.5 cm beyond the edges of the matrices, was placed over the same. First, one of the positive casting compounds produced above, which served as patrices, was placed on the paper surface above the corresponding die, fixed with the help of the upper die of the pressure embossing press and pressed into the die over the course of 25 to 30 seconds; then this process was repeated with the second patrix. After 2 to 5 minutes, the male parts were removed from the female part. The section of paper protruding from the cavities was then pressed onto the flat section of the lower tool and embossed for 2 to 5 minutes using a flat steel mold using the pressure embossing press.

The molded packaging was removed from the dies and folded into a closed package, the flat flange portions of which were cut into an attractive shape. After inserting a praline, the upper and lower parts of the packaging were glued together with a food-compatible adhesive on the flange parts.

Example 2

Production of a cup made of fiber-reinforced paper material

A cup was made from the fiber reinforced paper material described in Example 1.

From a plastic cup with a lower diameter of approx. 65 mm, an upper diameter of approx. 77 mm and one

Similar to Example 2, a height of approx. 50 mm became first a positive and then a negative casting mold manufactured. The positive mold (male) was sanded until its diameter was 2 - 3 mm smaller than that of the negative mold (female). The negative mold was fixed in a wooden frame similar to Example 1 and clamped in a pressure embossing press.

A 20 cm x 20 cm blank of the still moist, fiber-reinforced glassine paper material freshly produced according to Example 1 was placed symmetrically on the die. The paper material was then slowly pressed into the die by hand with the patrix in the course of about 60 seconds. When it was no longer possible to move it by hand, the male part was pressed into the female part with the upper die of the pressure embossing press and left for 30 minutes. Then the press was opened and the patrix pulled out. The resulting cup-shaped profile body, which had an almost completely smooth floor and walls, was initially allowed to dry for 24 hours without removing the excess material. Now the excess material was cut off at the edge of the embossing, creating a stable cup.

Example 4

Production of a packaging insert from Hansa linen (linen

₂ laminated with tissue paper with a basis weight of 20 g / cm) with a recess for receiving a perfume bottle.

In this case, a finished deep-drawing mold from the bottle manufacturer was used as the die, which had a rectangular recess of the approximate dimensions of 94 mm x 60 mm (base surface) x 40 mm (height) with a smaller rectangular recess with a round bottom in the middle of the narrower edge of the rectangle (approx Dimensions 20 mm x 14 mm_x 32 mm (greatest clear height of the round bottom)) and was clamped in a pressure embossing press. One served as a patrix Perfume bottle that was intended to be inserted into the recess of the packaging insert.

Then a 25 cm x 25 cm piece of Hansa linen was moistened on the paper side by brushing twice with a squeezed-out sponge moistened with water. The blank was placed with the paper side towards the recess over the deep-drawing mold, and the Hansa linen was pressed into the female mold by hand over the course of about 30 seconds using the perfume bottle serving as a patrix, in such a way that the cap of the perfume bottle was initially inclined by one horizontal axis was pressed down and then the bottle body was pressed from the inclined position into the horizontal. A piece of wood was then clamped between the bottle and the upper die of the pressure embossing press and the latter was pressed down as far as it would go. The press was opened after about 4 minutes. The material protruding over the edge of the depression was flattened and pressed for about 5 minutes using a flat steel mold and the pressure embossing press.

Then the processed material was removed from the mold. The resulting embossed ("deep-drawn") packaging insert was so stiff that it retained its shape while standing on the bottom of the depression. The linen surface sometimes had a slight pleat at the flat portions around the corners of the recess, which in this case had an aesthetically pleasing effect.

Example 5

A packaging insert with 8 symmetrically arranged cylindrical depressions with a round bottom, the diameter of which was approximately 8 mm and the largest clear height of which was approximately 6 mm, was made from the material of Example 1 or from a material made from two layers of glassine paper with a surface weight of 40 g / cm 2 each. cht, the analog wi.e in Bei.spi.el 1 freshly laminated after 30 minutes of pressing, that is, still in a moist state.

8 steel balls with a diameter of 8 mm were used as patrices. A wooden plate was used as the die tool, into which 8 cylindrical depressions with a diameter of 9 mm and a depth of slightly more than 6 mm had been drilled. Using the material from Example 1, the pressure embossing press was heated to approximately 200 ° C. and the steel balls serving as patrices were brought to approximately the same temperature by heating on a hotplate. The tools were not heated when the two-layer glassine paper was used. A cut of the material was placed over the depressions of the wooden plate serving as a matrix, which was clamped into the printing embossing press. Now a single ball was placed on a place of the material that was above one of the middle holes, a wooden block was clamped between the ball and the upper tool of the embossing press by lowering the latter, the material using this device over the course of approx. 30 Pressed into the recess for seconds and then opened the press, but the ball remained in the recess. One after the other, proceeding from the inside out, all the depressions in the material were formed by successively pressing in individual balls. Finally, the flat sections of the packaging insert were pressed with a flat steel mold, heated in the case of the material from Example 1 to approximately 200 ° C., for 30 seconds using the embossing press.

After the pressing process, the wooden plate serving as a die was removed from the embossing press and turned over to remove the balls. Then the embossed packaging insert was lifted out of the wooden plate serving as a matrix. Although the cylindrical recesses in the wooden plate did not have a floor that was completely adapted to the patrices, the embossed recesses were, especially in the material processed under heating, from the inside and outside even, smooth appearance. However, the cold-embossed material in particular usually showed a slight ripple on the surface after drying. After processing, both materials were so stiff that they retained their shape while resting on the cavities.

Example 6

The lower part of a blister pack for medicaments with 12 cylindrical, rounded-off depressions with a maximum clear height of approximately 3 mm and a diameter of slightly more than 6 mm was produced from the material from Example 1.

Upholstery saws with a round head of approx. 6 mm diameter were inserted in three rows (distance between the rows: 15 mm) along a cylinder circumference at a distance of 15 mm into a dough corrugated wood (wooden cylinder) with a diameter of approx. 10 cm. This tool served as a patrix. In a flat wooden board, 30 cylindrical depressions with a diameter of about 9 mm and a depth of a little more than 3 mm were drilled in rows in a rectangle, which served as matrices. A cut of the material from Example 1 was placed over the wells. Then, beginning at an outer edge of the female part, a male row of the above wooden cylinder was carefully pushed into the corresponding female row by hand, and the cylinder was slowly rolled over the material on the female part over a period of about 5 minutes. The flat section of the blank was then pressed smooth as in Examples 2 to 5. The embossed blank was taken from the die part, cut to a completely rectangular shape and glued with a glassine cover sheet for demonstration purposes. The depressions were even on both sides and almost completely smooth.

Claims

1. Profile body, characterized in that it consists of single or multi-layer paper material, the individual layers have a weight per unit area of at most 150

₂ g / cm have that it has one or more cavities with a clear height of at least 1.5 mm and that the cavities by stamping by means of a male

(positive form) and a corresponding matrix (negative form) are produced.

2. Profile body according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed as a packaging or packaging part with one or more cavities for receiving non-gaseous goods.

3. Profile body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is formed from a single layer of paper.

4. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is formed from two layers of paper.

5. Profile body according to claim 4, characterized in that the paper layers are glued together flat (laminated).

6. Profile body according to claim 5, characterized in that the adhesive is a biological adhesive.

7. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the paper material is a reinforcing layer made of a knitted fabric, braid, fine and coarse-mesh fabric, felt, random fleece, fiber tapes or individual fibers of a natural fiber material of plant or animal origin, which has a lower rigidity than the stiffest layer of paper.

8. Profile body according to claim 7, characterized in that the reinforcing layer consists of linen or cellulose, preferably in the form of glued or unglued gauze.

9. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it consist consistently of naturally occurring materials.

10. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one paper layer is selected from the following group: parchment, parchment replacement, glassine, oil or wax coated or impregnated paper, transparent paper, and tissue paper, especially linen-laminated tissue paper (Hansa linen), whereby corrugated forms of the listed paper types can also be used.

11. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a paper layer is a gas and water vapor impermeable paper layer.

12. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that an outer layer of paper can be printed.

13. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least sections of the same are transparent.

14. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the cavity or the cavities are undercut.

15. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it has a material base (13), optionally a beveled edge (11) and a beveled footprint (14).

16. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it is provided fixedly or loosely with a flat cover part (21) covering the cavities.

17. Profile body according to claim 16, characterized in that the cover part consists of a material as defined in claims 1 and 3 to 13.

18. Profile body according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that it is tightly connected, preferably sealed, to the cover part at least on all edges (e.g. blister pack (20)).

19. Profile body according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it is connected to at least one further profile body of claims 1 to 15 to form a container.

20. Profile body according to claim 19, characterized in that it and the at least one further profile body are made from a single blank and are connected by fold lines.

21. Profile body according to claims 19 or 20, characterized in that it is tightly connected, preferably sealed, to the at least one further profile body at least at all edges.

22. Profile body according to claim 21, characterized in that it has a hole (48) for receiving a closure (47).

23. Profile body according to claim 22, characterized in that it has the shape of a tube (41) with an inserted into the hole closure (47).

24. A fiber-reinforced Papierma ^* TERIAL for producing a profiled body according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that it consists of two laminated layers of paper, parchment independently selected from,

Parchment replacement and glassine paper with a maximum weight of 150 g / cm 2, with a reinforcement layer arranged between them, made of glued or unglued gauze.

25. Fiber-reinforced paper material according to claim 24, characterized in that an outer, optionally further

Layer of a non-transparent, printable paper.

26. A method for producing a profile body according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the cavity or cavities is formed by embossing a blank or a strip material by means of one or more positive forms (patrices) and one or more corresponding negative forms (matrices) become.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the paper material is treated with a hydrophilic, hydrogen-bonding liquid, preferably water or steam, before or during embossing.

28. The method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the male (s) or the female (s) or both stamping tools are heated to a temperature above room temperature to 220 ° C.

29. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 28 for embossing a plurality of cavities, characterized in that the patrices (58) are on the circumference of a cylinder (56) which is rolled for embossing over a material lying on the dies.

30. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 28 for embossing a plurality of cavities, characterized in that the male (58) and female (59) are each on the circumference of cylinders (56, 57) which rotate in opposite directions, and through through the nip the paper material (55) is moved during the embossing process.

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that a plurality of the cylinders are used in a staggered V-shape for embossing in the conveying direction of the paper material.

31. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 28 for the gradual embossing of several cavities, characterized in that individually raised and lowered male parts (64) are used.

32. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 30, characterized in that undercut cavities, the walls of which enclose an angle of less than 90 ° with the material base, by expandable male parts, which are pressed into the die in an unexpanded state, then in it expanded and contracted to be pulled out again.