WO1996029196A1

WO1996029196A1 - Paper and cardboard shaping process and device

Info

Publication number: WO1996029196A1
Application number: PCT/DE1995/000372
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter H. Meier
Original assignee: Meier Peter H
Priority date: 1995-03-17
Filing date: 1995-03-17
Publication date: 1996-09-26
Also published as: AU2067095A

Abstract

A process and device are disclosed for producing a shaped body (100) from a single-ply or multiply paper or cardboard sheet (4) by forming at least one depression (102) in the paper or cardboard sheet (4). In order to achieve a faster and more economical shaping process and to allow the most different types of paper or cardboard to be used, the depression (102) is formed in two shaping steps or with two shaping tools (10, 16). The paper or cardboard sheet (4) is pre-shaped by the first shaping tool (10) in such a way that it presents a groove-like trough (25) in the area of the future depression or of part of the future depressions. The final depressions (102) are shaped by the second shaping tool (16) partially by crimping and partially by stretching.

Description

Method and device for deforming paper and cardboard

The invention relates to a method for producing a shaped body from a flat, single or multi-layer paper or cardboard material, in which at least one recess is formed in the paper or cardboard material. The invention further relates to a device for producing a shaped body from a flat, single- or multilayer paper or cardboard material, the shaped body having at least one molded-in depression.

Methods and devices of the type mentioned should, among other things. are used to produce previously made of plastic packaging or packaging parts, such as blister packs for medicines or inserts for boxes with sweets such as confectionery or biscuits from a paper or cardboard material, which in

Comparison with plastics can be recycled or disposed of more easily and plastics are therefore preferable from an environmental point of view.

Methods and devices have been known for a long time, by means of which shallow depressions are introduced into a paper material, for example in wallpapers, by embossing. However, these depressions are usually very shallow with a depth of less than 1 mm, so that the moldings which can be produced with the aid of these methods and devices are not suitable for the field of application mentioned. From WO 93/23240 by the applicant, a method and a device are also known, by means of which thin-walled shaped bodies can be produced by embossing a suitable paper material, which are basically suitable for the purpose specified above. However, the methods and devices described there in principle allow in particular deeper cavities or depressions and / or when using less stretchable paper types without a further configuration, only a relatively slow deformation of the paper material.

The embossing of cardboard (under which in this application a cellulose material with a basis weight between the

Basis weight of paper and a basis weight of 600 g / m 2 understood wi.rd) wi.rd used to a large extent, but also occur here especially when embossing

Moldings with more than one depression have difficulties.

Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to improve a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset such that a faster and thus more economical shaping and / or a broader use of the most varied of paper types are used in the production of moldings having one or more strongly embossed depressions. or cardboard types is possible.

With regard to the method, this object is achieved according to the invention in that the depression or the depressions is formed in two successive shaping steps and in a first shaping step the paper or cardboard material is preformed such that it is in the region of a later depression or part of the later depressions has a trough-shaped depression which extends at least on one side beyond the region of the later depression or depressions in a direction parallel to the surfaces of the paper or cardboard material. To produce a molded body with a plurality of depressions arranged next to one another, the paper or cardboard material is advantageously preformed in the first shaping step in such a way that it has a plurality of channel-shaped depressions which are parallel to one another. With regard to the types or types of paper used, their properties, such as rigidity, tear resistance, burst strength or deformability, a possible pretreatment of the paper, a structure of multilayer paper materials, the shape and design of the

The applicant's disclosure of WO 93/23240 is intended to form part of the present application in the form of depressions or cavities in the molded or profile body and the intended use. Glassine paper, parchment replacement paper or parchment paper is also preferably used in the method according to the invention. As far as applicable, the disclosure mentioned should also apply to cardboard within the scope of the present invention. In particular, the depressions can take any shape, i.e. the depressions can, for example, have a round, oval, polygonal, elongated outline, be provided with internal elevations in the direction of the original paper plane, be delimited by a circumferential edge with the same or changing height, or have a rounded or flat or flat bottom.

In the context of this invention, multilayered paper or cardboard material also means a material which comprises at least one paper or cardboard layer, the other layers consisting of other, preferably biodegradable materials, such as fabrics (eg wool, cotton, silk), gauze, Nonwoven, etc., can exist. For example, a multilayer cardboard material can also comprise at least one paper layer and / or fabric layer, and a multilayer paper material can, for example, further comprise at least one fabric layer and / or gauze layer. If the paper or cardboard material consists of several layers, these can be laminated or glued to one another but need not be, since the method of the present invention causes the layers in the end product to be held together, even if they are not laminated or glued. The invention is based on the finding that when a depression is embossed into a flat, flat paper or cardboard material by means of a single shaping step, the material in the area of the depression, starting from its lowest point, must be stretched in all directions to such an extent that this tears Paper or cardboard material leads, if the deformation is not carried out so slowly that enough paper or cardboard material can be drawn into the area of the subsequent depression. If, on the other hand, the paper or cardboard material is preformed in a first shaping step in such a way that in the second shaping step there is sufficient material in the area of the later depression or in the area of its edges, the risk of tearing during shaping can be significantly reduced, which allows the use of less stretchable types of paper or cardboard and / or a faster deformation. Excess paper material drawn in in regions beyond the required amount can be compressed and / or superimposed into folds which are either flattened out or retained in the form of crimped folds.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the flat paper or cardboard material is moved forward for shaping in a direction parallel to its broad side surfaces and is expediently pressed downward in part from the plane of the undeformed paper or cardboard material in the first shaping step to form the trough, so that the trough extends in the direction of movement. The paper or cardboard material is expediently fed continuously in web form, but can also be carried out discontinuously in the form of individual sheets. In this case, a single sheet may also be advanced and deformed in a direction that is not parallel to a broad side surface of the sheet. A very preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the paper or cardboard material is only bent during the first step of the process, preferably by being pulled or pushed between guides of a first molding tool in such a way that at least the bottom of the trough running in the direction of the paper movement is rounded Has profile. The cross-sectional shape of the trough essentially depends, like its width or depth, on the cross-sectional shape or the width or depth of the subsequent depression, the latter preferably being more than 5 mm. The same applies to the number of troughs, which essentially corresponds to the number of depressions arranged next to one another in the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material, although it is also possible to provide only one trough for two depressions arranged next to one another, for example if in the direction of movement a larger depression is arranged in front of or behind these two depressions.

In particular, if the shaped body in the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material is to have a plurality of identically shaped depressions arranged in a row one behind the other, the depth and width of the associated depression suitably correspond essentially to the depth and width of the depressions, the cross-sectional shape of the depression being more rounded can be to facilitate the shaping. Experiments have shown that a semi-cylindrical trough profile is just as well suited for producing hemispherical depressions as for example for producing depressions with a frustoconical or substantially rectangular cross section.

To complete the depression, this is then, according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, in a second mold in the paper or Cardboard material is embossed or molded by pressing partial areas or the bottom of the trough upward in an area in the longitudinal direction of the trough on both sides adjacent to the later depression and thereby bringing it into a shape between a die and a male of a second molding tool which these partial areas form that part of the boundary of the depression which is arranged essentially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the trough. To form uniformly high boundaries surrounding the depressions, the paper or cardboard material can preferably be pushed back up to the level of the paper or cardboard material strip arranged on the side of the trough, while it is pushed back correspondingly to different degrees to form irregularly high boundaries.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the preformed paper or cardboard material provided with one or more trough-shaped troughs is in each case stretched, compressed and superimposed into folds in the second shaping step, with compression and wrinkling being able to overlap. Through the first shaping step, however, so much material is made available everywhere that the stretching

Never exceeds the tear limit. Increased wrinkling is accepted and can even help to improve the visual appearance of the shaped body.

The formation of folds during the second shaping step is preferably carried out in such a way that as few folds as possible form within the depressions. If the depressions have a flat bottom, this should be largely free of wrinkles. The folds are preferably arranged in the region of the edges, which delimit the depressions, where they adjoin the later depression in a longitudinal direction of the channel-shaped depression Area predominantly run in the longitudinal direction of the trough-shaped trough, while in a region transverse to the longitudinal direction of the trough-shaped trough adjacent to the later depression, they predominantly run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the trough.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the two partial areas of the trough are deformed one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the trough in front of and behind the depression, so that additional paper or cardboard material is fed or drawn in as required in the longitudinal direction of the trough during the molding of the depression can be, ie before excessive stretching of the paper or cardboard material, the tensile stress in it leads to further material being drawn from behind, which then folds over one another in other areas where it is not required. As a result, the length of a sheet of paper or cardboard that has undergone the second shaping step is less than its original length. The gradual deformation of the paper material in its direction of movement is made possible, for example, by the fact that the second shaping step is carried out by passing the paper or cardboard material between rotating rollers.

In the aforementioned case of producing shaped bodies with depressions arranged one behind the other in the direction of movement, a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that during the second shaping step they are formed at a location which is arranged in an extension of the associated depression. In contrast, in the case of shaped bodies with depressions offset in the direction of movement, those depressions which are first formed are expediently arranged in the extension of the depressions.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the According to the invention, the suppleness of the paper or cardboard material in the second shaping step can be increased by heating it at the same time. This can be done, for example, by heating with an infrared radiator.

Furthermore, it is often advantageous to moisten the paper or cardboard material in a manner known per se before or during the first shaping step.

When using multilayer paper or cardboard material, which preferably consists of individual layers that have a basis weight of at most 150 g / cm *, the layers lying one above the other can be glued together, but in some cases the two are sufficient

Shaping steps, in particular the folding of individual sub-areas in the second shaping step in order to connect the individual layers in a durable manner.

Useful embodiments of the invention are described below, which individually or in any combination further develop the invention. Accordingly, the paper or cardboard material (4) in the first shaping step in the region of the trough-shaped trough (25) from a plane of the undeformed paper or

Cardboard material (4) are guided downwards. Furthermore, the trough-shaped trough (25) can run in a direction of movement thereof parallel to the broad side surfaces of the undeformed paper or cardboard material (4). At least one bottom of the trough-shaped trough (25) can have a rounded cross-sectional profile. The paper or cardboard material (4) is preferably bent in the first shaping step. A width and depth of the trough (25) can essentially correspond to a width and depth of the subsequent depression (102). The paper or cardboard material (4) is preferably stretched, compressed and / or in some areas in a second shaping step superimposed with wrinkles. In the second shaping step, the preformed paper or cardboard material (4) can also be stretched predominantly transversely to a fiber direction of the paper or cardboard material (4). During the second shaping step, the preformed paper or cardboard material (4) can be partially superimposed into folds (108) in a region (104) adjacent to the later recess (102) in the longitudinal direction of the trough-shaped depression (25), which folds in the longitudinal direction of the trough-shaped depression (25) run. Furthermore, in the second shaping step, the preformed paper or cardboard material (4) can be partially overlaid to form folds (108) in a region (106) adjacent to the later depression (102) transversely to the longitudinal direction of the trough-shaped depression (25), said folds being transverse to the longitudinal direction the trough-shaped trough (25). Furthermore, in the second shaping step, two partial regions of the trough-shaped depression (25) are expediently deformed, which are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the depression (25) on opposite sides of the later depression (102), one

Bottom and side wall parts of the trough (25) are pushed up. The two partial areas of the trough-shaped trough (25) in front of and behind the subsequent depression (102) can be pressed up to the level of the lateral edges of the trough (25). Furthermore, two sub-areas of the trough-shaped trough (25) can be successively deformed in the direction of movement in front of and behind the later recess (102). Flat edges of the shaped body (100), which delimit the depression or depressions (102) on two opposite sides of the shaped body (100), can be formed by a strip of the paper or cardboard material (4) which is in one plane by a first molding tool (10, 10 ') for the first molding step and by at least a part (12) of a second molding tool (16) for the second molding step. Expediently, in the molded body (100) in the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material (4) depressions (102) arranged one behind the other are formed at a point which is essentially arranged in the extension of a depression (25). A further embodiment is characterized in that of a plurality of depressions (102) arranged offset in the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material (4) in the shaped body, in each case those depressions (102) are arranged essentially in the extension of a trough (25) which is in the second Shaping step to be completed first. Furthermore, the method of the invention can be carried out in such a way that a distance between two lateral edges of the paper or cardboard material (4) is reduced in the first shaping step and remains essentially unchanged in the second shaping step. The paper or cardboard material (4) can with the second

Forming step are heated. Furthermore, the paper or cardboard material (4) can be moistened in one of the shaping steps, preferably in the first. The paper or cardboard material (4) often consists of individual layers which have a weight per unit area of at most 150 g / cm ² . Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the depression (102) has a depth of more than 5 mm. The paper or cardboard material (4) also consists, in a preferred embodiment, at least in part of parchment paper, parchment replacement paper, parchment paper or wax-coated or impregnated paper.

With regard to the device, the object on which the invention is based is achieved in that a first and a second molding tool are provided, the paper or cardboard material in the first molding tool being pre-formable such that it is in the region of the later recess or part of the later recesses has a trough-shaped depression, and wherein the trough-shaped depression can be further deformed into one or more depressions in the second molding tool. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first shaping tool comprises means for bending the paper or cardboard material fed as a web or sheet in a direction parallel to the broad side surfaces to form the trough-shaped trough transversely to its direction of movement. The devices preferably comprise a feed table supporting the paper or cardboard material and means arranged above the paper or cardboard material in order to press the paper or cardboard material downward in regions, forming the trough-shaped depressions, from the plane of the undeformed material.

As an alternative to this, however, the arrangement can also be upside down, that is to say, instead of troughs, elongated elevations are pressed upwards and are formed into protruding projections in the second molding tool.

The feed table and the means which push the paper or board material down towards the feed table form guides which guide the paper or

Guide cardboard material to the second molding tool and pre-shape it so that it has the desired cross-sectional profile. The feed table can support the paper or cardboard material over its entire broad side surface or can have individual webs or swords running in the direction of movement of the paper, which support the paper or cardboard material while it is pressed down between the webs or swords. For this purpose, rollers arranged between the webs or swords are particularly well suited, the height of which, like the spacing of the webs or swords, can preferably be adjusted in order to change the cross-sectional profile of the paper or cardboard material emerging from the first molding tool quickly and inexpensively if necessary. Alternatively, a cover covering the feed table can also be provided, with a gap between the feed table and the feed table having a thickness of at least some areas deforming paper or cardboard material corresponding or slightly larger, essentially constant gap width remains free.

A device for moistening the paper or cardboard material with water or water vapor can expediently be provided in the region of the first molding tool or in front of the same, in order to make it more flexible and flexible in the second molding step.

The cross-sectional profile of the paper or cardboard material produced by means of the first molding tool is preferably adapted by appropriate design of the feed table and the cover or corresponding arrangement of the webs and rollers so that it is in terms of the number, the width and the depth of the channel-shaped troughs essentially corresponds to a cross-sectional profile of the molded body, which, in the case of a plurality of the same type of depressions arranged one behind the other and next to one another (FIG. 15), runs approximately through the middle of a row of adjacent depressions, and which in the case of a plurality of differently shaped or mutually offset depressions (FIGS. 13 and 14 ) runs approximately through the middle of the first series of wells.

The second mold is advantageously arranged immediately behind the first mold, so that the troughs formed do not deform significantly before the paper or cardboard material enters the second mold. This preferably comprises at least one pair of rollers, the respective interacting rollers of a pair of rollers being provided on their cylindrical circumferential surfaces with one or more interlocking male or female dies, which can be shaped and arranged as desired. The arrangement and shape of the patrices and matrices and their number depends on the arrangement and shape the depressions of the molded body. Theoretically, they result from bending a cast of the upper or lower side of the desired shaped body to form a cylinder jacket or part of a cylinder jacket and thus attaching it to opposite rolls of a pair of rolls in such a way that associated male and female dies mesh smoothly. One or more molded bodies, one behind the other and / or next to one another, can thus be produced per revolution of the roller, depending on the number of castings which are accommodated on a roller.

The first pair of rollers of the second molding tool is preferably aligned with respect to the first molding tool such that the paper or cardboard material, which is located laterally next to the male or female molds between cylindrical

Circumferential surfaces of the cooperating rollers is passed through and forms flat lateral edges in the finished molded body, continues in one plane through the first molding tool, so that the paper material provided with the troughs is not kinked or bent between the first and second molding tools in the direction of movement. Cross to the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material, i.e. in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rollers, the mutual alignment of the first mold and the first pair of rollers of the second mold is preferably selected so that the webs or swords of the feed table are substantially aligned with those edges or webs of the molded body which the first completed recesses in the direction of movement limit paper or card stock.

In order to explain this, for example, the first pair of rollers for producing a shaped body has a plurality of depressions arranged one behind the other and side by side and separated from one another by webs, each having a plurality of crosswise to the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material side by side and in the circumferential direction matrices or matrices arranged one behind the other. In such a case, the first pair of rollers is arranged behind the first molding tool in such a way that the trough-shaped depressions formed in the first shaping step are arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction

Patrices and matrices are aligned. The plane of the undeformed paper or cardboard material from which the channel-shaped depressions are pressed down in the first molding tool corresponds to the plane of a gap in which the paper or cardboard material is between the cylindrical ones

Circumferential surfaces of the two rollers is passed through to the side of the dies and dies, i.e. thus also that plane which is formed in the finished molded body by a horizontal edge arranged to the side of the depressions.

In order to enable a change in shape of the molded bodies produced, even without complete dismantling of the rolls, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, these have a jacket which consists of removable parts, preferably two removable half-shells, into which either one or more dies are incorporated or survive the one or more patrices. In the case of matrices with a flat bottom, this can be formed separately from the side walls thereof. The removable parts or half-shells can be made of metal or wood, for example, but advantageously also at least partly of a ceramic or porcelain material.

In order to improve the appearance of the finished shaped body, two or more pairs of rollers can be arranged one behind the other. The pair of rollers, the pairs of rollers or individual rollers can be heated from the inside, for example by means of heating coils, in order to facilitate the deformation of the paper or cardboard material during the second shaping step. However, a heating device can also be provided that heats one or more rollers from the outside, for example one Infrared heater, which is aimed at the surface of one or more rollers. Furthermore, one or more moistening devices can be provided in front of or between the roller pair (s).

The device according to the invention can be usefully developed by the following features, taken on their own or in any combination. The first shaping tool (10) can have devices for bending the paper or cardboard material (4) to form the trough-shaped depression (25). These devices can be designed as guides in order to bend the paper or cardboard material (4) fed as a web or sheet in a direction parallel to the broad side surfaces transverse to the direction of movement. The devices can also include a feed table (6, 6 ') which supports the paper or cardboard material (4) at least in regions from below. The devices can also have means arranged above the feed table (6, 6 ') in order to press the paper or cardboard material (4) down. These means can comprise at least one pressure roller (21). These means can further comprise a cover (8) which at least partially covers the feed table (6). A cross-sectional profile of the paper or cardboard material (4) can have a cross-sectional profile of the molded body (100) transverse to the direction of movement at an outlet end of the first molding tool (10) with regard to the number, the width and / or the depth of the channel-shaped troughs (25) in each case essentially correspond to at least one depression (102) which is completed as the first. A device for moistening the paper or cardboard material (4) arranged in the region of the first molding tool (10) can also be present in the device according to the invention. The second molding tool (16) can expediently have at least one male (44) and a female (48) interacting with it. The male part (44) and the female part (48) are preferably on a pair (12, 14) of co-operating rollers (40,46) arranged. Furthermore, the second molding tool (16) can have at least two pairs of rollers (12, 14). At least one roller (40, 46) can also be heated. A jacket of the rollers (40, 46) containing the matrices (48) or supporting the matrices (44) can also consist of several segments (47). A flat bottom of the dies (48) can optionally be formed separately from their side walls. Furthermore, at least some of the dies (48) and dies (44) can be aligned in the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material (4) with the recesses (25) formed in the first molding tool (10, 10 ').

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing. Show it

1: a simplified side view of a device according to the invention with a first and second molding tool;

Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the first mold of Fig. 1;

3 shows a partial plan view of a feed table of the first molding tool from FIG. 2;

4 shows a partially sectioned side view of the feed table from FIG. 2 transversely to the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material;

5 shows a schematic perspective view of a further exemplary embodiment of the first molding tool;

FIG. 6: a simplified side view of a pair of embossing rollers of the second molding tool of FIG. 1;

Fig. 7: a more detailed side view of the Embossing roller pairs from FIG. 1;

8 shows a section through the lower embossing roller provided with dies in FIG. 7;

9 is a side view of a male part mounted on a peripheral surface of the upper embossing roller of FIG. 7;

10: a top view of the male part of FIG. 9;

FIGS. 11a to f: a sequence of movements when the embossing rollers of FIG. 7, shown in simplified form, interact;

12: an exploded perspective view of a further pair of embossing rollers;

13a: a top view of a half-shell of an embossing roller shell which is unwound in one plane and which has irregularly shaped and arranged dies;

13b: a section through the developed half-shell along the line 13b-13b of FIG. 13a;

13c: a section through an associated first molding tool;

14a: a top view of another half-shell of an embossing roller shell which is unwound in one plane and which likewise has irregularly shaped and arranged dies;

14b: a section through the developed half-shell along the line 14b-14b of FIG. 14a;

14c: a section through the associated first molding tool; 15: a plan view of a molded body according to the invention, designed as an insert for a confectionery box, which can be produced with the device shown in FIGS. 1 to 9;

16: a section through the molded body from FIG. 16 along the line 16-16.

The device shown in the drawing for the production of moldings from one or more layers

Glassine paper, parchment paper or parchment replacement paper essentially consists of a supply roll 2 for the web-shaped paper material 4, a first molding tool 10, a second molding tool 16 consisting of two pairs of rollers 12, 14, and between the

Supply roll 2 and the first molding tool 10 arranged guide and guide rollers 18,20,22.

The molded bodies 100 produced with this device, for example as an insert for a confectionery box and shown by way of example in FIGS. 15 and 16, each have a plurality of depressions 102 arranged next to and / or one behind the other, which can serve to receive confectionery pieces, the depressions 102 are separated from one another by webs or edges 104, 106 arranged between them.

A feed table 6 of the first molding tool 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has an upper side 23 provided with a profile, which consists of two wider flat edge strips 24, three channel-shaped sections 28 with a semi-cylindrical cross section, and two sections 28 aligned with the edge strips separating web surfaces 26 is formed. The edge strips 24, the sections 28 and the web surfaces 26 each run parallel to one another in the direction of movement of the paper web 3. The cross-sectional radius Rv of the sections 28 corresponds essentially to the radius of curvature Rk of the depressions 102 and is approximately 30 mm in the production of the shaped body 100 shown in FIG. 15. The width b of the web surfaces 26 essentially corresponds to the width of the top of the edges or webs 106 running in the longitudinal direction of the molded body 100 at the point where this is smallest due to the round outline of the individual depressions 102. In the present case, it is approximately 3 to 4 mm. In this case, the cross-sectional shape of the feed table 6 essentially corresponds to a cross-section through the molded body 100 transverse to its longitudinal direction and through the center points of a row of three depressions 102 arranged next to one another.

The underside 30 of a cover plate 8, which can be removed from the feed table 6 for inserting the paper material 4, has a profile adapted to the profile of the feed table 6 with three semi-cylindrical projections 34, which run parallel to the sections 28 and down over one of two lateral edge strips 36 and the groove base 37 protrude between the plane formed between the projections 34. The dimensions of the top 23 of the feed table 6 and the underside 30 of the cover plate 8 are chosen so that after a merging of the feed table 6 and cover plate 8, a narrow, uniformly thick gap 33 between the

The feed table 6 and the cover plate 8 remain free, the thickness of which is 0.5 to 1 mm in the production of the shaped bodies 100, which is somewhat greater than the thickness of the paper material 4 (0.2 mm).

The feed table 6 and the cover plate 8 are each concavely rounded or beveled at their end facing the second mold 16, so that they can be brought as far as possible to the first pair of rollers 12 of the second mold 16, thereby preventing it from bending paper material 4 preformed transversely to the direction of movement as a result of its inner Elasticity between the two molds 10 and 16 deformed back.

In contrast, a feed table 6 'of the first molding tool 10' shown in FIG. 5 consists of a plurality of webs or swords 11 which are arranged parallel to one another in the direction of movement of the paper web 3 and which support the paper web 3 resting on its upper end. The distance between the swords 11 can be adjusted with the aid of a plurality of threaded rods 13, which are passed through the swords 11 transversely to the direction of movement of the paper web 3, with screwed adjusting nuts 15, as can the distance between two outer longitudinal beams 17, on the top of which the edge of the paper web 3 rests . For receiving the threaded rods 13, the swords 11 have vertically aligned elongated holes 19, so that each sword 11 can be adjusted in height independently of the other swords 11. Above the feed table 6 'there are several rows of pressure rollers 21 arranged one behind the other between the swords 11, only one row of which is shown in FIG. 5. The pressure rollers 21 serve to press the paper web 3 down between the swords 11, so that it obtains an undulating cross-sectional profile which is formed by a plurality of parallel trough-shaped troughs 25 running in the direction of movement of the paper web 3. The pressure rollers 21 are each longitudinally displaceably attached to arms 27, which in turn are attached to a bracket 29 designed as a threaded rod, so that the distance between adjacent pressure rollers 21 can be adjusted by adjusting adjusting nuts 31 so that the pressure rollers 21 can be located in the middle between two adjacent swords 11 are located. Since the paper web 3 in this first forming tool 10 'is openly accessible both downwards and upwards, spraying with water or supplying water vapor is facilitated by pipes (not shown) provided with nozzles above and / or below the paper web 3, which in addition contributes to make the paper material 4 more supple and stretchable.

The two pairs of rollers 12, 14 of the second molding tool 16 shown in FIG. 6 each have an upper roller 40, which is provided on its cylindrical circumferential surface 42 with three adjacent rows of eight hemispherical male parts 44 distributed in the circumferential direction over the circumferential surface 42. In contrast, each of the two lower rollers 46 has three rows of eight hemispherical recesses 48, which are distributed in the circumferential direction over the circumferential surface 42 and serve as matrices, into which the male parts 44 of the upper rollers 40 move the preformed paper material 4 between the rollers 40 , 46 intervene.

While the distances between the opposing cylindrical circumferential surfaces 42 of the upper and lower rollers 46 are approximately 2 mm in the first pair of rollers 12 in the direction of movement of the paper material 4, they are considerably smaller with 1 mm in the second pair of rollers 14, but larger than the thickness of the Paper material 4. As a result of this arrangement, the paper material 4 in the second molding tool can form small folds one above the other in the region of the webs 106 between the depressions 102 in the shape between the male parts 44 and female parts 48, without being prevented by the rollers 40, 46. The dimensions of the male part 44 and the male part 48 are chosen such that a male part 44 engages in an associated one at the points of greatest engagement

Die 48 remains a substantially constant gap with a thickness of 0.5 to 1 mm between the opposite male and female surfaces of the two rollers 40,46, which in turn is slightly larger than the thickness of the glassine paper 4 of 0.2 mm. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 to 11, the matrices 48 have an exactly hemispherical shape Cross section with a radius of 15 mm, while the male part 44 in the side view (FIG. 8) consists of a hemisphere with a radius Rp of 14.8 mm and an adjoining cylindrical section 49 with a height h of 3 mm. The surface of the dies 48 and dies 44 is polished.

While the dies 48 in this exemplary embodiment are formed, for example by milling, directly into the material of the jacket 47 of the embossing rollers 46 (FIG. 7), the matrices 44 can be screwed onto the embossing rollers 40 or attached to them in some other way. For receiving the cylindrical section 49 of the male parts 44, e.g. made by milling flat recesses with a circular outline. The flat recesses have blind bores in their center for receiving a threaded bolt 51, which is formed on the male part 44 on the lower side 53 of the cylindrical section 49 facing the roller 40.

The two rollers 40, 46, one above the other, of each roller pair 12, 14 are mounted in end mounts 43 in such a way that the distance between their cylindrical peripheral surfaces 42 can be optimally adapted to the thickness of the supplied glassine paper 4 by adjusting the height of a roller.

The distances between the adjacent rows of male 44 and female 48 in the axial direction of the rollers 40,46 are selected so that the male and female rows each with the sections 28 of the first mold 10 or with the use of the mold 10 'with the spaces between the swords 11. As can be seen more clearly from FIG. 7, two groups of 5 matrices 48 each with the same angular spacings α are provided on the peripheral surfaces 42, the two Groups are separated from each other by larger angular distances ß. The two groups of dies 48 on the roller 46 and of dies 44 on the correspondingly designed roller 40 each serve to form a shaped body 100, the shaped bodies 100 arranged one behind the other on the paper web 3 being separated by spaces as a result of the greater distances between the two groups are in the middle of which they can be cut after shaping in order to obtain a multiplicity of identical shaped bodies 100.

In the case of the roller pair 12 shown in FIG. 12, the jacket of each roller 40, 46 is divided into two and consists of two half-shells 47 (only one shown in each case), which are detachably on an inner drum 70 of the roller 40 or on the circumferential surface of end-side holding disks 49 Roller 46 are attached so that they can be easily replaced to produce another shaped body 100. The male parts 44 and the female parts 48 are here offset in the circumferential direction, just like in the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 13a and 14a, and have different shapes. The male parts 44 have partially cylindrical upper boundary surfaces 51, which cooperate with a likewise partially cylindrical bottom of the dies 48, so that a bottom 112 of depressions 102 of the molded bodies 100 produced therewith is flat. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the bottom of the dies 48 is formed by the outer peripheral surfaces 55 of a plurality of disks 57, each of which is adjustably mounted below the half-shells 47 on a shaft 59 connecting the retaining disks 49, so that they are located under the through openings 61 move, which form the walls 63 of the dies 48 in the half-shell 47.

The arrangement of the roller pairs 12, 14 in relation to the first molding tool 10 is selected such that the gap formed between the peripheral surfaces 42 of the upper and lower rollers 40, 46 is in one plane with that between the Lateral edge strips 24, 36 of the first molding tool 10 formed part of the gap 33 (Fig. 1) or in a plane with the top of the longitudinal beam 17 (Fig. 5), that is, where the lateral edge of the paper web 3 is guided becomes. This means that the troughs 25 formed in the first mold 10, 10 'are not bent or kinked in the longitudinal direction of the paper web 3.

The paper material 4 is fed on the one hand by driving the deflecting rollers 18, 20 and on the other hand in that one of the rollers 40 or 46 of the two roller pairs 12, 14 is driven, the other roller 46 or 40 being driven by a gear is rotated synchronously. In principle, the pressure rollers 21 can also be driven in the first mold 10 '.

In order to facilitate the deformation of the paper material 4, at least one of the roller pairs 12, 14 can be heated to temperatures of approximately 200 ° C. Devices for moistening the paper material 4 (not shown) can also be provided.

To produce the molded article 100 from the paper material 4, this is placed on the feed table 6, 6 'after the cover plate 8 has been removed or the pressure rollers 21 have been raised by pivoting the holder 29, so that it protrudes somewhat above the latter in the direction of movement. Subsequently, the cover plate 8 is placed on or the pressure rollers 21 are lowered and adjusted so that the paper web 3 is preformed between the feed table 6 and the cover plate 8 or the pressure rollers 21 such that it is in the region of a part of the with the help of the second molding tool 16th Completed later recesses 102 has trough-shaped troughs 25 which extend in the direction of movement through the first mold 10, 10 'to the first pair of rollers 12 of the second mold 16. If the depressions 102 in the molded body 100 or the dies 48 and dies 44 on the jacket half-shells 47 of the rollers 40 are arranged offset with respect to one another in the direction of movement of the paper material 4, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the troughs 25 are preferably arranged where there are the depressions 102 of a front or first row of depressions 102 in the direction of movement of the paper web 3 (arrow B in FIGS. 13 and 14).

When entering between the rollers 40, 46 of the first pair of rollers 12, the regions of the trough 25 adjacent to the later recesses 102 of the molded body 100 in the direction of movement, i.e. the raised edges or webs 104 between two adjacent in the direction of movement

Recesses 102, pushed back upwards, possibly into the plane of the lateral edge strips 24, 36, as in the case of the molded body 100 shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, wherein folds 108 are formed in the region of these edges or webs 104, which in the direction of movement of the Paper material 4 extends over the edges or webs 104 and extends into the recesses 102, their width decreasing from the top of the edges or webs 104 to the bottom 112 of the recess 102. Excess paper material 4 is accommodated in the folds 108

Area of the edges or webs 104 is present, because there the cross-sectional profile of the molded body 100 is not wavy but essentially straight and thus has a shorter length than in a cross section through the center of the depressions 102.

The paper material 4 is not excessively stretched in the second shaping step 16 in the second shaping tool 16, since it already has a wave shape transversely to the direction of movement through the preformed troughs 25, ie a relatively large amount of paper material 4 is available, and since it is gradually deformed in the direction of movement, so that of at the back as required, ie with increasing tension in the paper web 3, further paper material 4 can be drawn in from behind between the rollers 40, 46 of the first pair of rollers 12.

The gradual deformation of the paper material 4 in the direction of its movement can also be seen in FIGS. 11a to f, the gap between the cylindrical circumferential surfaces 42 or between the intermeshing matrices and patrices of the rollers 40 and 46 permitting a drawing of paper material 4, so that a length compensation is not carried out solely by stretching but instead by forming folds in those partial areas whose length in the direction of movement is greater than the length of adjacent areas, that is to say in the shaped body shown in FIG. 16 that in the longitudinal direction of the shaped body 100, ie edges or webs 106 between the depressions 102 running in the direction of movement of the paper web 3. However, the paper or the cardboard 4 is also stretched to a limited extent, especially transversely to the fiber direction.

The finished molded body 100 shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, which was produced with the device from FIG. 1, has three rows of hemispherical depressions 102 arranged next to one another with a radius of curvature of approximately 15 mm, the depressions 102 in each case in the longitudinal direction by being arranged therebetween Edges or webs 104 and transversely thereto are separated by edges or webs 106, so that the depressions 102 have a circumferential boundary with the same height throughout. The paper material 4 is somewhat stretched in a gently rising area around the center of the bottom 112 of the depressions 102 and lies in an adjoining area which rises more steeply towards the edge 104 of the depressions 102 in a plurality of small folds 108 one above the other, irregularly around the circumference of the depressions 102 are distributed around, but concentrate where the edges or webs 104, 106 have the smallest width between adjacent depressions 102. In general, the folds 108 are formed so that their tapered end lies in the area which rises flat or steeply adjoining the bottom 112 of the depressions 102, from where the folds 108 extend to the top of the edge or web 104, 106 widen and taper again in the respective adjacent depression 102, which in turn ends in the steep or gently rising region of the depression 102. The folds 108 are relatively wide in the region of the substantially square partial regions arranged between four adjacent depressions 102. As a result of the deformation of the paper material 4, the subareas of the same 4 which lie one above the other and against one another in the area of the folds 108 are permanently held in position.

Claims

claims

1. A method for producing a shaped body from a flat single or multi-layer paper or cardboard material, in which at least one depression is formed in the paper or cardboard material, characterized in that the molding of the depression (102) or the depressions (102) takes place in two successive shaping steps, and that the paper or cardboard material (4) is preformed in a first shaping step in such a way that it has a trough-shaped depression (25) in the region of the later depression (102) or part of the later depressions (102) .

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the paper or cardboard material (4) in the first shaping step in the channel-shaped trough (25) out of a plane of the undeformed paper or cardboard material (4) is guided downwards.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the trough-shaped trough (25) in a parallel to the broad side surfaces of the undeformed paper or cardboard material (4) runs parallel to the same direction of movement.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one bottom of the trough-shaped trough (25) has a rounded cross-sectional profile.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the paper or cardboard material (4) is bent in the first shaping step.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in a width and depth of the trough (25) substantially a width and depth of the subsequent recess (102) corresponds.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the paper or cardboard material (4) is stretched in a second shaping step, compressed and / or superimposed to form folds.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the preformed paper or cardboard material (4) in the second shaping step is predominantly stretched transversely to a fiber direction of the paper or cardboard material (4).

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the preformed paper or

During the second shaping step, cardboard material (4) is partially overlaid in an area (104) adjacent to the later recess (102) in the longitudinal direction of the trough-shaped trough (25) to form folds (108) which run in the longitudinal direction of the trough-shaped trough (25).

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the preformed paper or cardboard material (4) in the second shaping step in a transverse to the longitudinal direction of the trough-shaped trough (25) to the later recess (102) adjacent region (106) is partially superimposed into folds (108) which run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the trough-shaped depression (25).

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the second shaping step two portions of the trough-shaped trough (25) are deformed, which are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the trough (25) on opposite sides of the later recess (102), wherein a bottom and side wall parts of the trough (25) are pressed upwards.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the two partial areas of the trough-shaped trough (25) in front of and behind the later recess (102) are pressed up into the plane of the lateral edges of the trough (25).

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the two partial regions of the trough-shaped trough (25) in the direction of movement in front of and behind the later recess (102) are successively deformed.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that flat edges of the shaped body (100), which delimit the depression or depressions (102) on two opposite sides of the shaped body (100), from a strip of paper or cardboard material (4), which is moved forward in one plane by a first molding tool (10, 10 ') for the first molding step and by at least a part (12) of a second molding tool (16) for the second molding step.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that in the molded body (100) in the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material (4) successively arranged depressions (102) are formed at a point which is essentially in the extension of a trough ( 25) is arranged.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that of several, in the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material (4) offset in the molded body arranged depressions (102) each have those depressions (102) substantially in extension of a trough (25th ) are arranged, the second

Shaping step to be completed first.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a distance between two lateral edges of the paper or cardboard material (4) is reduced in the first shaping step and remains essentially unchanged in the second shaping step.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the paper or cardboard material (4) is heated in the second shaping step.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the paper or cardboard material (4) is moistened in the first shaping step.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the paper or cardboard material (4) consists of individual layers which have a weight per unit area of at most 150 g / cm ² .

21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the recess (102) has a depth of more than 5 mm.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the paper or cardboard material (4) consists at least partially of glassine paper, parchment replacement paper, parchment paper or paper coated or impregnated with wax.

23. Device for producing a shaped body from a flat single or multilayer paper or cardboard material, the shaped body having at least one molded-in depression, characterized by a first molding tool (10, 10 ') in which the paper or cardboard material (4) can be preformed in such a way that it has a trough-shaped depression (25) in the region of the later recess (102) or part of the later recesses (102), and a second molding tool (16) in which the trough-shaped depression (25) can be further deformed to form one or more depressions (102).

24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that the first mold (10) has means for bending the paper or cardboard material (4) to form the trough-shaped trough (25).

25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the devices are designed as guides in order to bend the paper or cardboard material (4) supplied as a web or sheet in a direction parallel to the broad side surfaces transversely to the direction of movement.

26. The apparatus of claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the devices comprise a feed table (6,6 ') which supports the paper or cardboard material (4) at least in regions from below.

27. The device according to one of claims 23 to 26, characterized in that the means above the feed table (6,6 ') have arranged means for pressing the paper or cardboard material (4) down.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that the means comprise at least one pressure roller (21).

29. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that the means comprise a cover (8) at least partially covering the feed table (6).

30. Device according to one of claims 23 to 29, characterized in that a cross-sectional profile of the paper or cardboard material (4) at an outlet end of the first

Molding tool (10) in terms of the number, width and / or depth of the trough-shaped troughs (25) one Cross-sectional profile of the molded body (100) essentially corresponds to the direction of movement through at least one depression (102) that was completed first.

31. Device according to one of claims 23 to 30, characterized by a device arranged in the region of the first molding tool (10) for moistening the paper or cardboard material (4).

32. Device according to one of claims 23 to 31, characterized in that the second molding tool (16) has at least one male (44) and a die (48) cooperating therewith.

33. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the male (44) and the female (48) are arranged on a pair (12, 14) of cooperating rollers (40, 46).

34. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that the second molding tool (16) has at least two pairs of rollers (12, 14).

35. Apparatus according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that at least one roller (40,46) is heatable.

36. Device according to one of claims 32 to 35, characterized in that a jacket of the rollers (40, 46) containing the matrices (48) or the matrices (44) consists of several segments (47).

37. Device according to one of claims 32 to 36, characterized in that a flat bottom of the dies (48) is formed separately from the side walls.

38. Device according to one of claims 32 to 37, characterized in that at least part of the matrices (48) and male parts (44) are aligned in the direction of movement of the paper or cardboard material (4) with the one or more recesses (25) formed in the first molding tool (10, 10 ').