EP0641972B1 - Static dynamic device for gaseous fluid removal - Google Patents

Static dynamic device for gaseous fluid removal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0641972B1
EP0641972B1 EP94401888A EP94401888A EP0641972B1 EP 0641972 B1 EP0641972 B1 EP 0641972B1 EP 94401888 A EP94401888 A EP 94401888A EP 94401888 A EP94401888 A EP 94401888A EP 0641972 B1 EP0641972 B1 EP 0641972B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base
truncated cone
cap
cavity
blades
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP94401888A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0641972A1 (en
Inventor
André Amphoux
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Monterey Services
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/02—Roof ventilation
    • F24F7/025—Roof ventilation with forced air circulation by means of a built-in ventilator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/34—Blade mountings
    • F04D29/36—Blade mountings adjustable
    • F04D29/362—Blade mountings adjustable during rotation
    • F04D29/366—Adjustment by interaction of inertion and lift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/005—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues using fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/02—Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/08—Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues with coaxial cones or louvres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for evacuating gaseous fluid, in particular rejected gases or smoke.
  • Static devices are already known for the discharge of gaseous fluids, intended to be mounted on buildings. Such devices are for example of the type comprising a lower element, an upper element, spacers for rigidly holding the two coaxial elements spaced from one another so as to define between them a passage, and a conduit passing through the element lower and opening into the passage.
  • the lower and upper elements are limited by conical or frustoconical side walls, so that said passage has, in axial section, a general shape of venturi or convergent / divergent, along a radial direction orthogonal to the general axis of the device. This axis is generally at least substantially vertical.
  • Such a device is generally mounted above the roof of the building for which it is intended.
  • the conduit makes it possible to capture and channel the gases or fumes, which exit from this conduit through its upper end situated generally at the upper limit of the lower element, at the very place of the passage in the form of a venturi.
  • the gas or smoke fluid is then diverted and entrained in this passage towards the outside of the device and the outside atmosphere. The presence of wind accelerates this process.
  • Such a device is described, for example, in the document FR-A-1 403 955.
  • Such a static device is generally arranged at a height and is therefore liable to undergo ascending winds or plunging winds or horizontal winds.
  • one solution consists in using a mixed motorized system.
  • the motor can be activated by a programmed clock or pressure, hygrometric or other probe systems.
  • US-A-4,462,305 and EP-A-0 416 999 relate to static devices as described above, further comprising a centrifugal turbine having a motor disposed in the upper element and at least one blade arranged in space free between the upper and lower element.
  • Such dynamic devices make it possible to substantially improve the evacuation of gases or fumes discharged by rotation of the blade in the generally convergent / divergent or venturi shaped space.
  • the disadvantage of such static / dynamic devices lies in the fact that if the engine is stopped voluntarily or by a malfunction, the performance of the device is seriously impaired by the presence of immobile blades in the converging / diverging or shaped of venturi.
  • Static / dynamic devices for the discharge of gases or smoke are classified according to quality standards which are a function of their ability to evacuate the gases or smoke discharged regardless of the wind or operating conditions.
  • the invention aims to propose a device of the general type described in document EP-A-0 416 999 and whose qualities of evacuation of the gases or fumes discharged are appreciably improved when the centrifugal turbine is stopped, and what whatever the wind conditions.
  • a static / dynamic device for the evacuation of gaseous fluid, in particular of rejected gases or smoke comprising an upper element and a lower element, superimposed, coaxial, rigidly fixed to one another by spacers.
  • the lower element comprises a lower bottom and a lower cap each of generally frustoconical shape, crossed coaxially by a pipe of given diameter opening at one of its ends, on the lower cap side, in the space between the two elements, the other end being fixed to the arrival of gaseous fluids.
  • the lower bottom and the lower cap are rigidly fixed to each other by their large common base.
  • the lower cap is provided with an annular lip, adjoining the large common base, directed downward from the large base and in line with the surface of the lower cap.
  • the upper element includes an upper cap and an upper bottom. They are rigidly fixed to each other by their large common base.
  • the upper cap is provided with an annular lip, adjoining the large common base, directed downward from the large base and in line with the surface of the upper hat.
  • the device further comprises a centrifugal turbine having a motor located inside the upper element and comprising at least one blade.
  • the upper bottom has an axial cavity open towards the space, between elements, housing the blades, the latter having a lower radial edge flush with the lower base of the axial cavity.
  • the small base of the lower cap comprises an annular projection of axial direction having a given height h.
  • the device has dimensional ratios depending on the diameter of the pipe capable of optimizing the aerodynamic qualities of the device.
  • An advantage of the device according to the invention makes it possible to obtain appreciable improvements in the evacuation of gases and fumes, in particular in the case of ascending winds such that the device has an incidence between 30 and 90 ° relative to the direction of the wind. .
  • Another advantage of the device according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a space between the two upper and lower elements free of any blade at least when one is in inactive centrifugal turbine mode.
  • the invention relates to a static / dynamic device for discharging gases or fumes.
  • Such devices are intended in particular to be mounted on gaseous fluid discharge chimneys arranged on buildings for residential, or commercial, or industrial use.
  • Such a device generally has an axis 100 which, when the device is mounted on the chimney, is most often vertical or close to vertical.
  • axis 100 which, when the device is mounted on the chimney, is most often vertical or close to vertical.
  • the axis 100 is preferably an axis of revolution. It is in this variant that the following description is made. However, in other embodiments, the axis 100 is only of symmetry or even only defines the general direction of the device 1.
  • the device comprises a lower element 3, an upper element 2; the organs 4 of association of the lower 3 and upper 2 elements so that they are spaced coaxially and facing one another which provides between them a free passage 8 for gases or fumes.
  • the free passage 8 in axial cross section has a general convergent / divergent shape.
  • the device further comprises a conduit 7 for the gases or fumes passing through the lower element 3 and emerging through its downstream opening 15 in the passage 8 (the qualifier "downstream" means with respect to the normal direction of circulation of the gases or fumes when rejected by the device).
  • the duct 7 has a certain axial length. It is intended to be connected to the chimney by means of flanges or the like.
  • the device finally comprises a centrifugal turbine (30) with radial blades.
  • the lower element 3 comprises a lower bottom 5 and a lower cap 6, each of generally frustoconical shape.
  • the lower bottom 5 and the lower cap 6 are crossed coaxially by the pipe 7 having a given diameter d.
  • the pipe 7 opens at one of its ends 15, on the lower cap side 6, into the space 8 between the two elements 2, 3.
  • the other end of the pipe 7 is fixed to the arrival of the gaseous fluid, namely the chimney .
  • the pipe 7 has at its space-side end 8 a radial annular projection 21 on which the small base of the lower cap 6 abuts in abutment.
  • the lower bottom 5 and the lower cap 6 are rigidly fixed to each other.
  • the lower cap 6 is provided with an annular lip 10, adjoining a large common base 9, directed downward from said large base 9 and in line with the surface of the lower cap 6.
  • the lower bottom comprises a peripheral crown 17c parallel to the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6.
  • the annular lip 10 comes in direct extension of the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6 and of the fact that the connecting spacers 4 rest on the frustoconical surface of the cap higher 6.
  • each of the spacers 4 may, for example, be provided, at its lower end, with a lower connecting lug 18 in a service position of the spacer, this lower tab 18 is parallel to, and in contact with and integral with the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6 and extends in a tangential direction.
  • the lower connecting tab 18 can be in one piece with the spacer, in another embodiment of the invention the lower tab 18 can be attached to the end of the spacer 4.
  • the lower cap 6 comprises in its frustoconical surface axial peripheral bosses intended to receive the end of the lower element side 3 of the spacers 4.
  • each boss includes a transverse base opposite a transverse flat of the peripheral crown 17c of the lower base 5. They together define a transverse base for mounting and securing the end of the lower element side 3 of a spacer 4 on the element lower 3.
  • the upper element 2 comprises an upper cap and an upper base 11. They are rigidly fixed to each other by a large common base.
  • the upper bottom 11 and the upper cap 12 each comprise a transverse peripheral crown 17a, 17b opposite.
  • These transverse peripheral rings 17a, 17b define a transverse strip for mounting and securing the end of the upper element side 2 of the spacers 4 on the element upper 2.
  • each spacer 4 may, for example, include an upper connecting tab, parallel to the transverse strip and extending in a tangential direction.
  • the two embodiments cited for the lower tab 18 are also applicable for the upper tab.
  • the upper cap 12 further comprises an annular lip 14, extending from the peripheral crown 17a of the upper cap 12 and overlapping the peripheral crown 17b of the upper base 11.
  • the upper bottom 11 has an axial cavity 32 open towards the space 8 housing the blades 31 of the centrifugal turbine 30. Still according to a characteristic of the present invention, the blades 31 have a lower radial edge 34 flush with the lower base 35 of the axial cavity 32.
  • the motor 33 of the centrifugal turbine 30 is located inside the upper element, in the space defined between the upper bottom 11 and upper cap 12.
  • the upper cap 12 comprises a conical cap 40 extended by its large base and coaxially by a first truncated cone 41 having its small base common with the large base of the cap 40
  • the first truncated cone 41 is itself extended coaxially by a second truncated cone 42 having its small base common with the large base of the first truncated cone 41.
  • the upper base 11 comprises a first truncated cone 43 coaxial with the upper cap 12 of small base 17 on the space side 8.
  • the small base 17 is adapted to accommodate the cavity or an element of cavity 32 intended to house the blades 31.
  • the cavity element 32 has a frustoconical shape coaxial with the upper cap 12 and comprises a large base 35 on the space side 8 and a small base 36 closed on the upper cap side 12.
  • the cavity element 32 projects in part from the small base 17 of the first truncated cone 43 from the upper bottom 11 towards the space 8.
  • the cavity or the cavity element 32 can advantageously be provided with an annular lip 50 adjoining the base 35 peripheral to this base and directed upwards.
  • a space is provided between the two transverse peripheral rings 17a, 17b in such a way that an annular peripheral access connecting the outside and the inside is produced. of the upper element 2 and thus allowing the cooling of the motor 33.
  • the space could be provided between the conical cap 40 and the first truncated cone 41 of the upper cap 12.
  • the small base of the lower cap comprises an annular projection 16 of axial direction and of height h.
  • this axial annular projection 16 can be produced by the end 15 of the pipe 7 projecting from the small base of the lower cap 6 towards the space 8.
  • the device according to the invention is such that the maximum diameter D of the upper element 2 is substantially equal to the maximum diameter of the lower element 3.
  • the dimensional ratio D / d is advantageously between 1.5 and 3.
  • the dimensional ratio D / d is preferably substantially equal to 2.25.
  • the dimensional ratio h / d (h being the height of the annular projection 16) is advantageously between 0.01 and 0.04.
  • the dimensional ratio h / d is preferably substantially equal to 0.0125.
  • H be the minimum distance separating the two upper and lower elements (namely in the embodiment shown in the figures, the distance separating the end 15 of the large base 35 from the cavity element 32), the dimensional ratio H / d is advantageously between 0.25 and 0.80 The dimensional ratio H / d is preferably substantially equal to 0.5.
  • the angle ⁇ is advantageously between 15 ° and 45 ° and preferably substantially equal to 30 °.
  • angles ⁇ and ⁇ are advantageously between 0 ° and 30 ° and preferably equal to 22 °.
  • the angle ⁇ be advantageously between 0 ° and 30 ° and preferably substantially equal to 22 °.
  • d 2 be the diameter of the small closed base 36 of the cavity element 32
  • the dimensional ratio d 2 / d is advantageously between 0.8 and 2 and preferably substantially equal to 1.12.
  • d 3 be the diameter of the large open base 35 of the cavity element 32
  • the dimensional ratio d 3 / d is advantageously between 1 and 2.25 and preferably substantially equal to 1.31.
  • d4 be the axial height of the axial cavity 32
  • the dimensional ratio d 4 / d is advantageously between 0.2 and 0.5 and preferably substantially equal to 0.28.
  • the cavity element 32 projects from the small base 17 of the first truncated cone 43 of the upper bottom 11 between half and all of its axial height d 4 .
  • the projecting part of the cavity element 32 is substantially equal to 0.18 x d.
  • the angle ⁇ is advantageously between 45 ° and 90 ° and preferably substantially equal to 75 °.
  • the frustoconical surface of the first truncated cone 41 of the upper cap 12 makes an angle of the order of 60 ° plus or minus 10 ° with its large base.
  • the frustoconical surface of the conical cap 40 of the upper cap 12 advantageously forms an angle of the order of 12 ° plus or minus 5 ° with its large base.
  • the distance separating the small closed base 36 of the cavity element 32 from the top of the conical cap 40 is advantageously and preferably of the order of 0.8 x d.
  • the annular lip 50 adjoining the base 35 makes an angle of about 22 ° plus or minus 10 ° with the base 35 and a width of about 0.1 x d.
  • the device comprises three connecting struts 4 arranged every 120 ° at its periphery.
  • the spacers 4 are flat in shape with rounded edges, of radial length t 3 and of width e 3 .
  • the dimensional ratio t 3 / d is advantageously between 0.04 and 0.07 and preferably substantially equal to 0.05.
  • the dimensional ratio e 3 / t 3 is advantageously between 0.2 and 0.5.
  • the angle ⁇ is advantageously between 45 ° and 70 ° and preferably substantially equal to 45 °.
  • transverse peripheral rings 17a, 17d defining the transverse mounting and joining band of the end of the upper element side 2 of the spacers on the upper element 2 have a radial width substantially equal to the radial length t 3 of said spacers 4.
  • the device according to the invention may further comprise a mesh element (not shown), of cylindrical shape coaxial with, and extending between the upper 2 and lower elements 3.
  • This mesh element of cylindrical shape has a diameter at least greater than the diameter d 3 of the large open base 36 of the cavity 32 increased by the annular crown 50.
  • this mesh element comprises meshes of 20 mm x 20 mm to more or less 2mm.
  • the motor 33 is located in the space 51 defined by the upper cap 12 and the upper base 11 and has a motor axis 52 coaxial with the axis 100 of the device, emerging in the axial cavity 32 and on which the blades 31 are mounted by means of a means 53.
  • the distal 54 and upper radial 55 edges of the blades 31 can advantageously match the surface of the cavity 32.
  • the lower radial edges 34 of the blades 31 are extended by blade elements 56 articulated in rotation around said radial edges 34. This rotation is ensured by one or more hinges 58. These elements blades 56 are articulated in rotation between a first position at rest where the blade elements 56 are substantially perpendicular to the blades 31 when the motor 33 is not activated, and a second active position where each blade element 56 is substantially in the same plane as the associated blade 31 when the motor 33 is activated.
  • the blade elements 56 are forced into the rest position by an elastic element 57.
  • the transition from the rest position to the active position when the engine is in operation is due to the inertial and centrifugal forces induced by the rotation printed by the motor 33 on the blades 31 and on the blade elements 56.
  • the device according to the invention comprises two large blades 31 intersecting on the axis 100 so as to create four half -blades.
  • the two blades 31 intersect at right angles.
  • each half-blade 31a comprises a blade element 56 in a quarter of a circle.
  • the blade elements 56 are perpendicular to the half-blades 31a and in combination form a cover closing the lower base 35 of the cavity 32.
  • the performance of the device is not disturbed by the presence of the blades 31, these being masked by the blade elements 56.
  • the number of blades or half-blades may vary.
  • the shape and number of elements of blades may also vary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a mixed, static dynamic device for gaseous fluid removal, comprising on the one hand an upper element (2) and a lower element (3), which are superposed, coaxial and rigidly fixed to one another by connection braces (4), the lower element comprising a lower bottom (5) and a lower cover (6), passed through coaxially by a pipe (7) of given diameter d, the lower cover (6) being provided with a peripheral annular lip (10), the upper element (2) comprising an upper bottom (11) and an upper cover (12), the upper cover (12) being provided with a peripheral annular lip (14), and on the other hand a centrifugal turbine (30), having a motor (33) located inside the upper element (2) comprising at least one blade (31); according to the invention the upper bottom (11) has an axial cavity (32) open towards the space (8) protecting the blades (31), said blades (31) having a lower radial edge (34) flush with the lower base (35) of the axial cavity (32). <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour l'évacuation de fluide gazeux, notamment de gaz rejetés ou de fumée.The invention relates to a device for evacuating gaseous fluid, in particular rejected gases or smoke.

On connaît déjà des dispositifs statiques pour le rejet de fluides gazeux, destinés à être montés sur des bâtiments. De tels dispositifs sont par exemple du type comportant un élément inférieur, un élément supérieur, des entretoises pour maintenir rigidement les deux éléments coaxiaux espacés l'un de l'autre de manière à définir entre eux un passage, et un conduit traversant l'élément inférieur et débouchant dans le passage.Static devices are already known for the discharge of gaseous fluids, intended to be mounted on buildings. Such devices are for example of the type comprising a lower element, an upper element, spacers for rigidly holding the two coaxial elements spaced from one another so as to define between them a passage, and a conduit passing through the element lower and opening into the passage.

Les éléments inférieur et supérieur sont limités par des parois latérales coniques ou tronconiques, de manière que ledit passage ait, en section axiale, une forme générale de venturi ou de convergent/divergent, le long d'une direction radiale orthogonale à l'axe général du dispositif. Cet axe est généralement au moins sensiblement vertical. Un tel dispositif est généralement monté au dessus du toit du bâtiment auquel il est destiné. Le conduit permet de capter et de canaliser les gaz ou fumées, lesquels sortent de ce conduit par son extrémité supérieure située généralement à la limite supérieure de l'élément inférieur, à l'endroit même du passage en forme de venturi. Le fluide de gaz ou fumée est alors dévié et entraîné dans ce passage vers l'extérieur du dispositif et l'atmosphère extérieure. La présence du vent accélère ce processus. Un tel dispositif est décrit, par exemple, dans le document FR-A-1 403 955.The lower and upper elements are limited by conical or frustoconical side walls, so that said passage has, in axial section, a general shape of venturi or convergent / divergent, along a radial direction orthogonal to the general axis of the device. This axis is generally at least substantially vertical. Such a device is generally mounted above the roof of the building for which it is intended. The conduit makes it possible to capture and channel the gases or fumes, which exit from this conduit through its upper end situated generally at the upper limit of the lower element, at the very place of the passage in the form of a venturi. The gas or smoke fluid is then diverted and entrained in this passage towards the outside of the device and the outside atmosphere. The presence of wind accelerates this process. Such a device is described, for example, in the document FR-A-1 403 955.

Un tel dispositif statique est disposé en général en hauteur et est donc susceptible de subir des vents ascendants ou des vents plongeants ou des vents horizontaux. En absence de vent, seul le tirage thermique résiduel, basé sur le phénomène physique s'instaurant dans tout conduit vertical, reste le seul moteur ascensionnel. Ce tirage thermique résiduel est calculé par la formule Dp= 0,046 H (Dt) où Dp est la dépression en Pascals créée dans le conduit, H est la hauteur de la cheminée, et Dt est la différence entre la température extérieure et intérieure. De fait en période de température extérieure se rapprochant de la température intérieure, l'effet moteur ascensionnel en l'absence de vent sera quasiment nul.Such a static device is generally arranged at a height and is therefore liable to undergo ascending winds or plunging winds or horizontal winds. In the absence of wind, only the residual thermal draft, based on the physical phenomenon taking place in any vertical duct, remains the only upward motor. This residual thermal draft is calculated by the formula Dp = 0.046 H (Dt) where Dp is the depression in Pascals created in the flue, H is the height of the chimney, and Dt is the difference between the outside and inside temperature. In fact, when the outside temperature is approaching the indoor temperature, the upward motor effect in the absence of wind will be almost zero.

Pour pallier ces inconvénients une solution consiste à utiliser un système mixte motorisé. Le moteur pouvant être activé par une horloge programmée ou des système de sonde de pression, hygrométrique, ou autre.To overcome these drawbacks, one solution consists in using a mixed motorized system. The motor can be activated by a programmed clock or pressure, hygrometric or other probe systems.

US-A-4 462 305 et EP-A-0 416 999 concernent les dispositifs statiques tels que décrits ci-dessus comprenant en outre une turbine centrifuge ayant un moteur disposé dans l'élément supérieur et au moins une pale disposée dans l'espace libre entre l'élément supérieur et inférieur. De tels dispositifs dynamiques permettent d'améliorer sensiblement l'évacuation des gaz ou des fumées rejetés par rotation de la pale dans l'espace de forme générale convergent/divergent ou venturi. L'inconvénient de tels dispositifs statiques/dynamiques repose sur le fait que si le moteur est arrêté volontairement ou par un défaut de fonctionnement, les performances du dispositif sont sérieusement altérées par la présence des pales immobiles dans l'espace convergent/divergent ou en forme de venturi.US-A-4,462,305 and EP-A-0 416 999 relate to static devices as described above, further comprising a centrifugal turbine having a motor disposed in the upper element and at least one blade arranged in space free between the upper and lower element. Such dynamic devices make it possible to substantially improve the evacuation of gases or fumes discharged by rotation of the blade in the generally convergent / divergent or venturi shaped space. The disadvantage of such static / dynamic devices lies in the fact that if the engine is stopped voluntarily or by a malfunction, the performance of the device is seriously impaired by the presence of immobile blades in the converging / diverging or shaped of venturi.

Les dispositifs statiques/dynamiques pour le rejet de gaz ou de fumée sont classés suivant des normes de qualité qui sont fonction de leurs facultés à évacuer les gaz ou les fumées rejetés quelles que soient les conditions de vent ou de fonctionnement.Static / dynamic devices for the discharge of gases or smoke are classified according to quality standards which are a function of their ability to evacuate the gases or smoke discharged regardless of the wind or operating conditions.

L'invention vise à proposer un dispositif du type général décrit dans le document EP-A-0 416 999 et dont les qualités d'évacuation des gaz ou fumées rejetés sont sensiblement améliorées lorsque la turbine centrifuge est à l'arrêt, et cela quelles que soient les conditions de vent.The invention aims to propose a device of the general type described in document EP-A-0 416 999 and whose qualities of evacuation of the gases or fumes discharged are appreciably improved when the centrifugal turbine is stopped, and what whatever the wind conditions.

A cet effet, un dispositif statique/dynamique pour l'évacuation de fluide gazeux, notamment de gaz rejetés ou de fumée, comprenant un élément supérieur et un élément inférieur, superposés, coaxiaux, rigidement fixés l'un à l'autre par des entretoises de liaison est proposé. L'élément inférieur comprend un fond inférieur et un chapeau inférieur chacun de forme générale tronconique, traversés coaxialement par un tuyau de diamètre donné d débouchant à une de ses extrémités, côté chapeau inférieur, dans l'espace compris entre les deux éléments, l'autre extrémité étant fixée à l'arrivée des fluides gazeux. Le fond inférieur et le chapeau inférieur sont rigidement fixés l'un à l'autre par leur grande base commune. Le chapeau inférieur est pourvu d'une lèvre annulaire, attenante à la grande base commune, dirigée vers le bas à partir de la grande base et dans le prolongement de la surface du chapeau inférieur. L'élément supérieur comprend un chapeau supérieur et un fond supérieur. Ils sont rigidement fixés l'un à l'autre par leur grande base commune. Le chapeau supérieur est pourvu d'une lèvre annulaire, attenante à la grande base commune, dirigée vers le bas à partir de la grande base et dans le prolongement de la surface du chapeau supérieur. Le dispositif comprend en outre une turbine centrifuge ayant un moteur localisé à l'intérieur de l'élément supérieur et comportant au moins une pale.For this purpose, a static / dynamic device for the evacuation of gaseous fluid, in particular of rejected gases or smoke, comprising an upper element and a lower element, superimposed, coaxial, rigidly fixed to one another by spacers is proposed. The lower element comprises a lower bottom and a lower cap each of generally frustoconical shape, crossed coaxially by a pipe of given diameter opening at one of its ends, on the lower cap side, in the space between the two elements, the other end being fixed to the arrival of gaseous fluids. The lower bottom and the lower cap are rigidly fixed to each other by their large common base. The lower cap is provided with an annular lip, adjoining the large common base, directed downward from the large base and in line with the surface of the lower cap. The upper element includes an upper cap and an upper bottom. They are rigidly fixed to each other by their large common base. The upper cap is provided with an annular lip, adjoining the large common base, directed downward from the large base and in line with the surface of the upper hat. The device further comprises a centrifugal turbine having a motor located inside the upper element and comprising at least one blade.

Selon l'invention, le fond supérieur présente une cavité axiale ouverte vers l'espace, entre éléments, abritant les pales, ces dernières ayant un bord radial inférieur affleurant la base inférieure de la cavité axiale.According to the invention, the upper bottom has an axial cavity open towards the space, between elements, housing the blades, the latter having a lower radial edge flush with the lower base of the axial cavity.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, la petite base du chapeau inférieur comprend une saillie annulaire de direction axiale ayant une hauteur h donnée.According to another aspect of the invention, the small base of the lower cap comprises an annular projection of axial direction having a given height h.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le dispositif présente des rapports dimensionnels fonction du diamètre du tuyau aptes à optimiser les qualités aérodynamiques du dispositif.According to another aspect of the invention, the device has dimensional ratios depending on the diameter of the pipe capable of optimizing the aerodynamic qualities of the device.

Un avantage du dispositif selon l'invention permet d'obtenir des améliorations sensibles de l'évacuation des gaz et fumées, notamment dans le cas de vents ascendants tels que le dispositif ait une incidence entre 30 et 90° par rapport à la direction du vent.An advantage of the device according to the invention makes it possible to obtain appreciable improvements in the evacuation of gases and fumes, in particular in the case of ascending winds such that the device has an incidence between 30 and 90 ° relative to the direction of the wind. .

Un autre avantage du dispositif selon l'invention permet d'obtenir un espace entre les deux éléments supérieur et inférieur libre de toute pale au moins lorsque l'on est en mode turbine centrifuge inactive.Another advantage of the device according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a space between the two upper and lower elements free of any blade at least when one is in inactive centrifugal turbine mode.

L'invention sera décrite plus en détail en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique, en coupe verticale diamétrale d'un dispositif selon la présente invention.
  • la figure 2 est la même vue schématique que la figure 1 présentant des références dimensionnelles.
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique, en coupe horizontale selon la ligne III-III du dispositif représenté sur la figure 1.
  • la figure 4 est une vue de détail d'une partie du dispositif avec éléments de pales mobiles selon l'invention.
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view, in diametrical vertical section of a device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is the same schematic view as Figure 1 showing dimensional references.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view, in horizontal section along line III-III of the device shown in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 4 is a detail view of a part of the device with movable blade elements according to the invention.

L'invention concerne un dispositif statique/dynamique pour le rejet des gaz ou des fumées. De tels dispositifs sont destinés notamment à être montés sur des cheminées d'évacuation de fluide gazeux disposés sur des bâtiments à usage d'habitation, ou de commerce, ou industriels.The invention relates to a static / dynamic device for discharging gases or fumes. Such devices are intended in particular to be mounted on gaseous fluid discharge chimneys arranged on buildings for residential, or commercial, or industrial use.

Un tel dispositif présente généralement un axe 100 qui, lorsque le dispositif est monté sur la cheminée, est le plus souvent vertical ou proche de la verticale. Par convention et pour des raisons de simplification et de meilleure compréhension, la description est plus particulièrement faite en relation avec les positions montées qui correspondent à celles présentées sur les figures 1, 2 et 3. Les qualificatifs de supérieur, inférieur, etc doivent être compris en relation avec cette position montée. De même, les qualificatifs axial, transversal, etc doivent être compris en relation avec l'axe 100.Such a device generally has an axis 100 which, when the device is mounted on the chimney, is most often vertical or close to vertical. By convention and for reasons of simplification and better understanding, the description is more particularly made in relation to the mounted positions which correspond to those presented in Figures 1, 2 and 3. The qualifiers of upper, lower, etc. must be understood related to this mounted position. Similarly, the qualifiers axial, transverse, etc. must be understood in relation to axis 100.

L'axe 100 est préférentiellement un axe de révolution. C'est dans cette variante qu'est faite la description qui suit. Cependant, dans d'autres formes de réalisation, l'axe 100 est seulement de symétrie ou même ne définit que la direction générale du dispositif 1.The axis 100 is preferably an axis of revolution. It is in this variant that the following description is made. However, in other embodiments, the axis 100 is only of symmetry or even only defines the general direction of the device 1.

Le dispositif comprend un élément inférieur 3, un élément supérieur 2 ; les organes 4 d'association des éléments inférieur 3 et supérieur 2 de façon qu'ils soient espacés coaxialement et en regard l'un de l'autre ce qui ménage entre eux un passage libre 8 pour les gaz ou fumées.The device comprises a lower element 3, an upper element 2; the organs 4 of association of the lower 3 and upper 2 elements so that they are spaced coaxially and facing one another which provides between them a free passage 8 for gases or fumes.

Le passage libre 8 en section droite axiale a une forme générale en convergent/divergent. Le dispositif comporte en outre un conduit 7 pour les gaz ou fumées traversant l'élément inférieur 3 et débouchant par son ouverture aval 15 dans le passage 8 (le qualificatif "aval" s'entend par rapport au sens normal de circulation des gaz ou fumées lors de leur rejet par le dispositif).The free passage 8 in axial cross section has a general convergent / divergent shape. The device further comprises a conduit 7 for the gases or fumes passing through the lower element 3 and emerging through its downstream opening 15 in the passage 8 (the qualifier "downstream" means with respect to the normal direction of circulation of the gases or fumes when rejected by the device).

Le conduit 7 a une certaine longueur axiale. Il est destiné à être branché sur la cheminée au moyen de brides ou autres.The duct 7 has a certain axial length. It is intended to be connected to the chimney by means of flanges or the like.

Le dispositif comporte enfin une turbine centrifuge (30) à pales radiales.The device finally comprises a centrifugal turbine (30) with radial blades.

Dans une forme typique, l'élément inférieur 3 comprend un fond 5 inférieur et un chapeau 6 inférieur, chacun de forme générale tronconique. Le fond inférieur 5 et le chapeau inférieur 6 sont traversés coaxialement par le tuyau 7 ayant un diamètre d donné. Le tuyau 7 débouche à une de ses extrémités 15, côté chapeau inférieur 6, dans l'espace 8 compris entre les deux éléments 2, 3. L'autre extrémité du tuyau 7 est fixée à l'arrivée du fluide gazeux à savoir la cheminée. Dans la forme de réalisation représentée sur les figures le tuyau 7 présente à son extrémité coté espace 8 une saillie annulaire radiale 21 sur laquelle vient se bloquer en buté la petite base du chapeau inférieur 6.In a typical form, the lower element 3 comprises a lower bottom 5 and a lower cap 6, each of generally frustoconical shape. The lower bottom 5 and the lower cap 6 are crossed coaxially by the pipe 7 having a given diameter d. The pipe 7 opens at one of its ends 15, on the lower cap side 6, into the space 8 between the two elements 2, 3. The other end of the pipe 7 is fixed to the arrival of the gaseous fluid, namely the chimney . In the embodiment shown in the figures, the pipe 7 has at its space-side end 8 a radial annular projection 21 on which the small base of the lower cap 6 abuts in abutment.

Le fond inférieur 5 et le chapeau inférieur 6 sont rigidement fixés l'un à l'autre. Le chapeau inférieur 6 est pourvu d'une lèvre 10 annulaire, attenante à une grande base commune 9, dirigée vers le bas à partir de ladite grande base 9 et dans le prolongement de la surface du chapeau 6 inférieur. Le fond inférieur comprend une couronne périphérique 17c parallèle à la surface tronconique du chapeau inférieur 6. La lèvre 10 annulaire vient en prolongement directe de la surface tronconique du chapeau inférieur 6 et du fait que les entretoises 4 de liaison reposent sur la surface tronconique du chapeau supérieur 6.The lower bottom 5 and the lower cap 6 are rigidly fixed to each other. The lower cap 6 is provided with an annular lip 10, adjoining a large common base 9, directed downward from said large base 9 and in line with the surface of the lower cap 6. The lower bottom comprises a peripheral crown 17c parallel to the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6. The annular lip 10 comes in direct extension of the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6 and of the fact that the connecting spacers 4 rest on the frustoconical surface of the cap higher 6.

Afin de faire reposer les entretoises 4 sur la surface tronconique du chapeau inférieur 6, Chacune des entretoises 4 peut, par exemple, être pourvue, à son extrémité inférieure, d'une patte de liaison inférieure de liaison 18. Dans une position de service de l'entretoise, cette patte inférieure 18 est parallèle à, et au contact et solidaire de la surface tronconique du chapeau inférieur 6 et s'étend dans une direction tangentielle.In order to rest the spacers 4 on the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6, each of the spacers 4 may, for example, be provided, at its lower end, with a lower connecting lug 18 in a service position of the spacer, this lower tab 18 is parallel to, and in contact with and integral with the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6 and extends in a tangential direction.

Dans une forme de réalisation de l'invention la patte inférieure de liaison 18 peut être d'une pièce avec l'entretoise, dans une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention la patte inférieure 18 peut être rapportée à l'extrémité de l'entretoise 4.In one embodiment of the invention the lower connecting tab 18 can be in one piece with the spacer, in another embodiment of the invention the lower tab 18 can be attached to the end of the spacer 4.

Une autre solution non représentée consiste à faire émerger les entretoises 4 de la surface tronconique du chapeau inférieur 6.Another solution, not shown, consists in making the spacers 4 emerge from the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6.

Afin de réaliser l'émergence des entretoises 4 de la surface tronconique du chapeau inférieur 6, le chapeau inférieur 6 comprend dans sa surface tronconique des bossages périphériques axiaux destinés à accueillir l'extrémité côté élément inférieur 3 des entretoises 4. A cet effet, chaque bossage comprend une base transversale en regard d'un méplat transversal de la couronne périphérique 17c du fond inférieur 5. Ils définissent ensemble une base transversale de montage et de solidarisation de l'extrémité côté élément inférieur 3 d'une entretoise 4 sur l'élément inférieur 3. Ainsi l'extrémité inférieure des entretoises est en quelque sorte immergée dans la surface tronconique du chapeau inférieur 6 de sorte qu'extérieurement, l'entretoise paraît émergée de ladite surface tronconique.In order to achieve the emergence of the spacers 4 of the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6, the lower cap 6 comprises in its frustoconical surface axial peripheral bosses intended to receive the end of the lower element side 3 of the spacers 4. For this purpose, each boss includes a transverse base opposite a transverse flat of the peripheral crown 17c of the lower base 5. They together define a transverse base for mounting and securing the end of the lower element side 3 of a spacer 4 on the element lower 3. Thus the lower end of the spacers is somehow immersed in the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6 so that externally, the spacer appears emerged from said frustoconical surface.

Dans une forme également typique, l'élément supérieur 2 comprend un chapeau supérieur et un fond supérieur 11. Ils sont rigidement fixés l'un à l'autre par une grande base commune. Le fond supérieur 11 et le chapeau supérieur 12 comprennent chacun une couronne périphérique transversale 17a, 17b en regard. Ces couronnes périphériques transversales 17a, 17b définissent une bande transversale de montage et de solidarisation de l'extrémité côté élément supérieur 2 des entretoises 4 sur l'élément supérieur 2. A cet effet chaque entretoise 4 peut, par exemple, comporter une patte supérieure de liaison, parallèle à la bande transversale et s'étendant dans une direction tangentielle. Les deux formes de réalisation citées pour la patte inférieure 18 sont aussi applicables pour la patte supérieure.In an equally typical form, the upper element 2 comprises an upper cap and an upper base 11. They are rigidly fixed to each other by a large common base. The upper bottom 11 and the upper cap 12 each comprise a transverse peripheral crown 17a, 17b opposite. These transverse peripheral rings 17a, 17b define a transverse strip for mounting and securing the end of the upper element side 2 of the spacers 4 on the element upper 2. For this purpose each spacer 4 may, for example, include an upper connecting tab, parallel to the transverse strip and extending in a tangential direction. The two embodiments cited for the lower tab 18 are also applicable for the upper tab.

Le chapeau supérieur 12 comporte en outre une lèvre 14 annulaire, venant en prolongement de la couronne périphérique 17a du chapeau supérieur 12 et en recouvrement de la couronne périphérique 17b du fond supérieur 11.The upper cap 12 further comprises an annular lip 14, extending from the peripheral crown 17a of the upper cap 12 and overlapping the peripheral crown 17b of the upper base 11.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée sur les figures, et selon une caractéristique de la présente invention, le fond supérieur 11 présente une cavité 32 axiale ouverte vers l'espace 8 abritant les pales 31 de la turbine centrifuge 30. Toujours selon une caractéristique de la présente invention, les pales 31 ont un bord radial 34 inférieur affleurant la base 35 inférieure de la cavité axiale 32. Le moteur 33 de la turbine centrifuge 30 est localisé à l'intérieur de l'élément supérieur, dans l'espace défini entre le fond supérieur 11 et le chapeau supérieur 12.In the embodiment shown in the figures, and according to a characteristic of the present invention, the upper bottom 11 has an axial cavity 32 open towards the space 8 housing the blades 31 of the centrifugal turbine 30. Still according to a characteristic of the present invention, the blades 31 have a lower radial edge 34 flush with the lower base 35 of the axial cavity 32. The motor 33 of the centrifugal turbine 30 is located inside the upper element, in the space defined between the upper bottom 11 and upper cap 12.

Dans la forme de réalisation particulière représentée sur la figure 1, le chapeau supérieur 12 comprend une calotte conique 40 prolongée par sa grande base et de façon coaxiale par un premier tronc de cône 41 ayant sa petite base commune avec la grande base de la calotte 40. Le premier tronc de cône 41 est lui-même prolongé coaxialement par un deuxième tronc de cône 42 ayant sa petite base commune avec la grande base du premier tronc de cône 41.In the particular embodiment shown in Figure 1, the upper cap 12 comprises a conical cap 40 extended by its large base and coaxially by a first truncated cone 41 having its small base common with the large base of the cap 40 The first truncated cone 41 is itself extended coaxially by a second truncated cone 42 having its small base common with the large base of the first truncated cone 41.

Toujours selon la forme de réalisation représentée sur la figure 1, le fond supérieur 11 comprend un premier tronc de cône 43 coaxial au chapeau supérieur 12 de petite base 17 côté espace 8. La petite base 17 est adaptée pour accueillir la cavité ou un élément de cavité 32 destiné à abriter les pales 31.Still according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the upper base 11 comprises a first truncated cone 43 coaxial with the upper cap 12 of small base 17 on the space side 8. The small base 17 is adapted to accommodate the cavity or an element of cavity 32 intended to house the blades 31.

Avantageusement, l'élément de cavité 32 a une forme tronconique coaxiale au chapeau supérieur 12 et comprend une grande base 35 côté espace 8 et une petite base 36 fermée côté chapeau supérieur 12.Advantageously, the cavity element 32 has a frustoconical shape coaxial with the upper cap 12 and comprises a large base 35 on the space side 8 and a small base 36 closed on the upper cap side 12.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée sur les figures, l'élément de cavité 32 saille en partie de la petite base 17 du premier tronc de cône 43 du fond supérieur 11 vers l'espace 8.In the embodiment shown in the figures, the cavity element 32 projects in part from the small base 17 of the first truncated cone 43 from the upper bottom 11 towards the space 8.

Enfin, toujours dans le but d'améliorer les performances du dispositif, la cavité ou l'élément de cavité 32 peut être avantageusement pourvue d'une lèvre annulaire 50 attenante à la base 35 périphérique à cette base et dirigée vers le haut.Finally, still with the aim of improving the performance of the device, the cavity or the cavity element 32 can advantageously be provided with an annular lip 50 adjoining the base 35 peripheral to this base and directed upwards.

Du fait de la disposition interne du moteur 33 de la turbine centrifuge 30, il est nécessaire de réaliser des entrées d'air permettant de mettre le moteur 30 en contact avec l'air extérieur afin de permettre un refroidissement efficace dudit moteur.Due to the internal arrangement of the motor 33 of the centrifugal turbine 30, it is necessary to produce air inlets making it possible to bring the motor 30 into contact with the outside air in order to allow efficient cooling of said motor.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée sur les figures mais de façon non limitative, il est ménagé un espace entre les deux couronnes périphériques transversales 17a, 17b de telle manière qu'il soit réalisé un accès périphérique annulaire reliant l'extérieur et l'intérieur de l'élément supérieur 2 et permettant ainsi le refroidissement du moteur 33.In the embodiment shown in the figures but without limitation, a space is provided between the two transverse peripheral rings 17a, 17b in such a way that an annular peripheral access connecting the outside and the inside is produced. of the upper element 2 and thus allowing the cooling of the motor 33.

Dans une variante de réalisation non représentée, l'espace pourrait être ménagé entre la calotte conique 40 et le premier tronc de cône 41 du chapeau supérieur 12.In an alternative embodiment not shown, the space could be provided between the conical cap 40 and the first truncated cone 41 of the upper cap 12.

Une autre caractéristique du dispositif selon l'invention, repose sur le fait que la petite base du chapeau inférieur comprend une saillie annulaire 16 de direction axiale et de hauteur h. Dans une forme de réalisation selon l'invention, cette saillie annulaire axiale 16 peut être réalisée par l'extrémité 15 du tuyau 7 dépassant de la petite base du chapeau inférieur 6 vers l'espace 8.Another characteristic of the device according to the invention is based on the fact that the small base of the lower cap comprises an annular projection 16 of axial direction and of height h. In an embodiment according to the invention, this axial annular projection 16 can be produced by the end 15 of the pipe 7 projecting from the small base of the lower cap 6 towards the space 8.

Dans la description qui va suivre, il sera fait état des caractéristiques dimensionnelles des éléments constitutifs du dispositif selon la forme de réalisation représentée sur les figures et donnée à titre d'exemple. Ces caractéristiques dimensionnelles seront généralement rapportées au diamètre d du tuyau 7. Ces caractéristiques dimensionnelles sont importantes dans la mesure où elles permettent de réaliser un dispositif selon l'invention améliorant considérablement les qualités d'évacuation de fluide gazeux quelle que soit la direction du vent et le mode de fonctionnement. On trouvera à la fin de la présente description un tableau récapitulatif desdites caractéristiques dimensionnelles.In the description which follows, it will be mentioned the dimensional characteristics of the constituent elements of the device according to the embodiment shown in the figures and given by way of example. These dimensional characteristics will generally be related to the diameter d of the pipe 7. These dimensional characteristics are important insofar as they make it possible to produce a device according to the invention considerably improving the evacuation qualities of gaseous fluid whatever the direction of the wind and operating mode. A summary table of said dimensional characteristics will be found at the end of this description.

Avantageusement le dispositif selon l'invention est tel que le diamètre maximal D de l'élément supérieur 2 est sensiblement égal au diamètre maximal de l'élément inférieur 3.Advantageously, the device according to the invention is such that the maximum diameter D of the upper element 2 is substantially equal to the maximum diameter of the lower element 3.

Le rapport dimensionnel D/d est avantageusement compris entre 1,5 et 3. Le rapport dimensionnel D/d est préférentiellement sensiblement égal à 2,25.The dimensional ratio D / d is advantageously between 1.5 and 3. The dimensional ratio D / d is preferably substantially equal to 2.25.

Le rapport dimensionnel h/d (h étant la hauteur de la saillie annulaire 16) est avantageusement compris entre 0,01 et 0,04. Le rapport dimensionnel h/d est préférentiellement sensiblement égal à 0,0125.The dimensional ratio h / d (h being the height of the annular projection 16) is advantageously between 0.01 and 0.04. The dimensional ratio h / d is preferably substantially equal to 0.0125.

Soit H la distance minimale séparant les deux éléments supérieur et inférieur (à savoir dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures, la distance séparant l'extrémité 15 de la grande base 35 de l'élément de cavité 32, le rapport dimensionnel H/d est avantageusement compris entre 0,25 et 0,80. Le rapport dimensionnel H/d est préférentiellement sensiblement égal à 0,5.Let H be the minimum distance separating the two upper and lower elements (namely in the embodiment shown in the figures, the distance separating the end 15 of the large base 35 from the cavity element 32, the dimensional ratio H / d is advantageously between 0.25 and 0.80 The dimensional ratio H / d is preferably substantially equal to 0.5.

Soit l'angle α que fait la surface tronconique du chapeau inférieur 6 avec la grande base 9, l'angle α est avantageusement compris entre 15° et 45° et préférentiellement sensiblement égal à 30°.Or the angle α made by the frustoconical surface of the lower cap 6 with the large base 9, the angle α is advantageously between 15 ° and 45 ° and preferably substantially equal to 30 °.

Soit l'angle β que fait la surface tronconique du fond inférieur 5 avec la grande base 9 et l'angle γ que fait la surface tronconique du deuxième tronc de cône (42) du chapeau supérieur 12 avec leur grande base, les angles β et γ sont avantageusement compris entre 0° et 30° et préférentiellement égaux à 22°.Let the angle β made by the frustoconical surface of the lower bottom 5 with the large base 9 and the angle γ made by the frustoconical surface of the second truncated cone (42) of the upper cap 12 with their large base, the angles β and γ are advantageously between 0 ° and 30 ° and preferably equal to 22 °.

Soit l'angle δ que fait la surface du fond supérieur 11 avec la grande base 13, l'angle δ est avantageusement compris entre 0° et 30° et préférentiellement sensiblement égal à 22°.Let the angle δ made by the surface of the upper bottom 11 with the large base 13, the angle δ be advantageously between 0 ° and 30 ° and preferably substantially equal to 22 °.

Soit d2 le diamètre de la petite base fermée 36 de l'élément de cavité 32, le rapport dimensionnel d2/d est avantageusement compris entre 0,8 et 2 et préférentiellement sensiblement égal à 1,12.Let d 2 be the diameter of the small closed base 36 of the cavity element 32, the dimensional ratio d 2 / d is advantageously between 0.8 and 2 and preferably substantially equal to 1.12.

Soit d3 le diamètre de la grande base ouverte 35 de l'élément de cavité 32, le rapport dimensionnel d3/d est avantageusement compris entre 1 et 2,25 et préférentiellement sensiblement égal à 1,31.Let d 3 be the diameter of the large open base 35 of the cavity element 32, the dimensional ratio d 3 / d is advantageously between 1 and 2.25 and preferably substantially equal to 1.31.

Soit d4 la hauteur axiale de la cavité axiale 32, le rapport dimensionnel d4/d est avantageusement compris entre 0,2 et 0,5 et préférentiellement sensiblement égal à 0,28.Let d4 be the axial height of the axial cavity 32, the dimensional ratio d 4 / d is advantageously between 0.2 and 0.5 and preferably substantially equal to 0.28.

L'élément de cavité 32 saille de la petite base 17 du premier tronc de cône 43 du fond supérieur 11 entre la moitié et la totalité de sa hauteur axiale d4.The cavity element 32 projects from the small base 17 of the first truncated cone 43 of the upper bottom 11 between half and all of its axial height d 4 .

Préférentiellement, la partie saillante de l'élément de cavité 32 est sensiblement égal à 0,18 x d.Preferably, the projecting part of the cavity element 32 is substantially equal to 0.18 x d.

Soit l'angle µ que fait la surface tronconique de la cavité 32 avec sa grande base 35, l'angle µ est avantageusement compris entre 45° et 90° et préférentiellement sensiblement égale à 75°.Either the angle µ made by the frustoconical surface of the cavity 32 with its large base 35, the angle µ is advantageously between 45 ° and 90 ° and preferably substantially equal to 75 °.

La surface tronconique du premier tronc de cône 41 du chapeau supérieur 12 fait un angle de l'ordre de 60° plus ou moins 10° avec sa grande base.The frustoconical surface of the first truncated cone 41 of the upper cap 12 makes an angle of the order of 60 ° plus or minus 10 ° with its large base.

La surface tronconique de la calotte conique 40 du chapeau supérieur 12 fait avantageusement un angle de l'ordre de 12° plus ou moins 5° avec sa grande base.The frustoconical surface of the conical cap 40 of the upper cap 12 advantageously forms an angle of the order of 12 ° plus or minus 5 ° with its large base.

La distance séparant la petite base 36 fermée de l'élément de cavité 32 du sommet de la calotte conique 40 est avantageusement et préférentiellement de l'ordre de 0,8 x d.The distance separating the small closed base 36 of the cavity element 32 from the top of the conical cap 40 is advantageously and preferably of the order of 0.8 x d.

La lèvre annulaire 50 attenante à la base 35 fait un angle de l'ordre de 22° plus ou moins 10° avec la base 35 et à une largeur de l'ordre de 0,1 x d.The annular lip 50 adjoining the base 35 makes an angle of about 22 ° plus or minus 10 ° with the base 35 and a width of about 0.1 x d.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures, le dispositif comprend trois entretoises 4 de liaison disposées tous les 120° à sa périphérie. les entretoises 4 sont de forme plate avec des bords arrondis, de longueur radiale t3 et de largeur e3. Le rapport dimensionnel t3/d est avantageusement compris entre 0,04 et 0,07 et préférentiellement sensiblement égal à 0,05. Le rapport dimensionnel e3/t3 est avantageusement compris entre 0,2 et 0,5.In the embodiment shown in the figures, the device comprises three connecting struts 4 arranged every 120 ° at its periphery. the spacers 4 are flat in shape with rounded edges, of radial length t 3 and of width e 3 . The dimensional ratio t 3 / d is advantageously between 0.04 and 0.07 and preferably substantially equal to 0.05. The dimensional ratio e 3 / t 3 is advantageously between 0.2 and 0.5.

Soit l'angle λ que font les lèvres annulaires 10,14 avec respectivement les grandes bases 9, 13, l'angle λ est avantageusement compris entre 45° et 70° et préférentiellement sensiblement égal à 45°.Let the angle λ made by the annular lips 10,14 with the large bases 9, 13 respectively, the angle λ is advantageously between 45 ° and 70 ° and preferably substantially equal to 45 °.

Les couronnes périphériques transversales 17a, 17d définissant la bande transversale de montage et de solidarisation de l'extrémité côté élément supérieur 2 des entretoises sur l'élément supérieur 2 ont une largeur radiale sensiblement égale a la longueur radiale t3 desdites entretoises 4.The transverse peripheral rings 17a, 17d defining the transverse mounting and joining band of the end of the upper element side 2 of the spacers on the upper element 2 have a radial width substantially equal to the radial length t 3 of said spacers 4.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut comprendre en outre un élément en grillage (non représenté), de forme cylindrique coaxiale avec, et s'étendant entre les éléments supérieur 2 et inférieur 3. Cet élément en grillage de forme cylindrique a un diamètre au moins supérieur au diamètre d3 de la grande base ouverte 36 de la cavité 32 augmentée de la couronne annulaire 50. Préférentiellement, cet élément de grillage comprend des mailles de 20 mm x 20 mm à plus ou moins 2mm.The device according to the invention may further comprise a mesh element (not shown), of cylindrical shape coaxial with, and extending between the upper 2 and lower elements 3. This mesh element of cylindrical shape has a diameter at least greater than the diameter d 3 of the large open base 36 of the cavity 32 increased by the annular crown 50. Preferably, this mesh element comprises meshes of 20 mm x 20 mm to more or less 2mm.

Dans une forme de réalisation particulière de l'invention, le moteur 33 est localisé dans l'espace 51 défini par le chapeau supérieur 12 et le fond supérieur 11 et présente un axe moteur 52 coaxial avec l'axe 100 du dispositif, émergeant dans la cavité axiale 32 et sur lequel sont montées les pales 31 par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen 53.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the motor 33 is located in the space 51 defined by the upper cap 12 and the upper base 11 and has a motor axis 52 coaxial with the axis 100 of the device, emerging in the axial cavity 32 and on which the blades 31 are mounted by means of a means 53.

Les bords distaux 54 et radiaux supérieurs 55 des pales 31 peuvent avantageusement épouser la surface de la cavité 32.The distal 54 and upper radial 55 edges of the blades 31 can advantageously match the surface of the cavity 32.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, les bords radiaux inférieurs 34 des pales 31 sont prolongés par des éléments de pales 56 articulés en rotation autour desdits bords radiaux 34. Cette rotation est assurée par une ou plusieurs charnières 58. Ces éléments de pales 56 sont articulés en rotation entre une première position au repos où les éléments de pales 56 sont sensiblement perpendiculaires aux pales 31 lorsque le moteur 33 n'est pas activé, et une deuxième position active où chaque élément de pale 56 est sensiblement dans le même plan que la pale 31 associée lorsque le moteur 33 est activé.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower radial edges 34 of the blades 31 are extended by blade elements 56 articulated in rotation around said radial edges 34. This rotation is ensured by one or more hinges 58. These elements blades 56 are articulated in rotation between a first position at rest where the blade elements 56 are substantially perpendicular to the blades 31 when the motor 33 is not activated, and a second active position where each blade element 56 is substantially in the same plane as the associated blade 31 when the motor 33 is activated.

Avantageusement, les éléments de pales 56 sont forcés dans la position de repos par un élément élastique 57. Le passage de la position de repos à la position active lorsque le moteur est en action est du aux forces d'inertie et centrifuge induite par la rotation imprimée par le moteur 33 aux pales 31 et aux éléments de pales 56. Dans la forme de réalisation particulière représentée sur les figures, le dispositif selon l'invention comporte deux grandes pales 31 se croisant sur l'axe 100 de manière à créer quatre demi-pales. En outre, les deux pales 31 se coupent à angle droit.Advantageously, the blade elements 56 are forced into the rest position by an elastic element 57. The transition from the rest position to the active position when the engine is in operation is due to the inertial and centrifugal forces induced by the rotation printed by the motor 33 on the blades 31 and on the blade elements 56. In the particular embodiment shown in the figures, the device according to the invention comprises two large blades 31 intersecting on the axis 100 so as to create four half -blades. In addition, the two blades 31 intersect at right angles.

Dans la représentation de la figure 4, chaque demi-pale 31a comprend un élément de pale 56 en quart de cercle. De cette façon, en position de repos, les éléments de pales 56 sont perpendiculaires aux demi-pales 31a et forment en combinaison un couvercle fermant la base inférieure 35 de la cavité 32. De cette manière, en position de repos, c'est-à-dire lorsque le moteur n'est pas activé, les performances du dispositif ne sont pas perturbées par la présence des pales 31, celles-ci étant masquées par les éléments de pales 56.In the representation of FIG. 4, each half-blade 31a comprises a blade element 56 in a quarter of a circle. In this way, in the rest position, the blade elements 56 are perpendicular to the half-blades 31a and in combination form a cover closing the lower base 35 of the cavity 32. In this way, in the rest position, that is to say when the engine is not activated, the performance of the device is not disturbed by the presence of the blades 31, these being masked by the blade elements 56.

Le nombre de pales ou de demi-pales peut varier. La forme et le nombre d'éléments de pales peuvent eux aussi varier. TABLEAU RECAPITULATIF FOURCHETTE VALEUR PREFEREE D/d 1,5 - 3 2,25 h/d 0,01 - 0,04 0,0125 H/d 0,25 - 0,8 0,5 d2/d 1 - 2,25 1 d3/d 1 - 1,8 1,31 d4/d 0,2 - 0,5 0,28 t3/d 0,04 - 0,07 0,05 e3/t3 0,2 - 0,5 / α 15° - 45° 30° β 0° - 30° 22° γ 0° - 30° 22° δ 0° - 30° 22° λ 45° - 70° 60° µ 45° - 90° 75° The number of blades or half-blades may vary. The shape and number of elements of blades may also vary. SUMMARY TABLE FORK PREFERRED VALUE D / d 1.5 - 3 2.25 m / d 0.01 - 0.04 0.0125 M / d 0.25 - 0.8 0.5 d 2 / d 1 - 2.25 1 d3 / d 1 - 1.8 1.31 d4 / d 0.2 - 0.5 0.28 t 3 / d 0.04 - 0.07 0.05 e 3 / t 3 0.2 - 0.5 / α 15 ° - 45 ° 30 ° β 0 ° - 30 ° 22 ° γ 0 ° - 30 ° 22 ° δ 0 ° - 30 ° 22 ° λ 45 ° - 70 ° 60 ° µ 45 ° - 90 ° 75 °

Claims (30)

  1. A mixed, static/dynamic device for removing gaseous fluid, particularly reject or smoke gas, comprising in the one hand an upper element (2) and a lower element (3), overlapping, coaxial, rigidly mounted one to the other by connecting ties (4), the lower element comprising a lower bottom (5) and a lower cap (6) each in the general shape of a truncated cone, crossed coaxially by a pipe (7) of a given diameter d discharging at one of the ends (15), on the lower cap (6) side, in the space (8) between the two elements (2, 3), the other end of the pipe (7) to be fixed to the conduit for the gaseous fluid to be removed, said lower bottom (5) and said lower cap (6) being rigidly mounted one to the other by their large common base (9), the lower cap (6) being fitted with a ring-shaped lip (10), adjoining the large common base (9), facing downwards from the large base (9) and in extension to the surface of the lower cap (6); the upper element (2) consisting of an upper bottom (11) and an upper cap (12), the upper cap (12) being fitted with a ring-shaped lip (14), peripherally facing downwards from the large base (13) and in extension to the surface of the upper cap (12); and in the other hand a centrifugal impeller (30), with a motor (33) located within the upper element (2), and including at least one blade (31),
       characterised in that the upper bottom (11) has an axial cavity element (32) opening towards the space (8) protecting the blade or blades (31), said blade or blades (31) having a lower radial edge (34) flush with the lower base (35) of the axial cavity element (32).
  2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the upper cap (12) comprises a conical dome (40), the large base of the conical dome (40) being extended coaxially by a first truncated cone (41), with a small base common with the large base of the dome (40), the first truncated cone (41) being itself extended coaxially by a second truncated cone (42) with a small base common with the large base of the first truncated cone (41).
  3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the upper bottom (11) comprises a first truncated cone (43) coaxial to the upper cap (12) with the small base (17) on the space (8) side, said small base (17) being adapted to receive a cavity (32) element to house the blades (31).
  4. A device according to claim 3, characterised in that the cavity (32) element has a truncated cone shape and is coaxial to the upper cap (12) with the large base (35) on the space (8) side, and with the small base (36) closed.
  5. A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the cavity (32) element partly projects from the small base (17) toward the space (8).
  6. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the upper bottom (11) and the upper cap (12) each comprises a facing transverse peripheral crown (17a, 17b), defining a transverse assembly band for integration with the end at the upper element (2) side of the ties (4) on said upper element (2), the ring-shaped lip (14) coming as an extension to the peripheral crown (17b) of the upper cap (12) and covering the peripheral crown (17b) of the upper end (11), the facing transverse peripheral crowns (17a, 17b) coming respectively as an extension to the large base of the first truncated cone (43) of the upper bottom (11) and as an extension to the large base of the second truncated cone (42) of the upper cap.
  7. A device according to claim 6 characterised in that there is a space provided between the two transverse peripheral crowns (17a, 17b), giving access to the inside of the upper element (2) thus enabling cooling of the motor (33).
  8. A device according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterised in that there is a space provided between the conical dome (40) and the first truncated cone (41) of the upper cap (12), giving access to the inside of the upper element (2) in order to cool the motor (33).
  9. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the lower bottom (5) comprises a peripheral crown (17c) parallel to the truncated cone surface of the lower cap (6).
  10. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that each of the ties (4) in a service position comprises at its lower end a lower connection lug (18) parallel to, in contact and integral with the truncated cone surface of the lower cap, and extending in a direction tangential to the axis (100) of the device.
  11. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the small base (15) of the lower cap (6) comprises a ring-shaped projection (16) in an axial direction with a height h, the dimensional ratio of h/d being between 0.01 and 0.04 and preferably substantially equal to 0.0125 and/or in that the angle λ made by the ring-shaped lips (10, 14) with large bases (9, 13) is between 45° and 70° and preferably substantially equal to 60°.
  12. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the maximum diameter D of the upper element (2) is substantially equal to the maximum diameter of the lower element (3), and in that the dimensional ratio D/d is between 1.5 and 3 and preferably substantially equal to 2.25.
  13. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that H being the minimum distance separating these two upper and lower elements, the dimensional ratio H/d is between 0.25 and 0.8 and preferably substantially equal to 0.5.
  14. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the angle α made by the truncated cone surface of the lower cap (6) with its large base (9) is between 15° and 45° and preferably substantially equal to 30°.
  15. A device according to any one of claims 2 to 14, characterised in that the angle β and/or the angle γ and/or the angle δ which respectively make up the truncated cone surface of the lower bottom (5), the truncated cone surface of the second truncated cone (42), the surface of the first truncated cone (43) of the upper bottom (11) with their respective large base is/are between 0° and 30° and preferably substantially equal to 22°.
  16. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 15, characterised in that d2 being the diameter of the small closed base (36) of the cavity element (32), the dimensional ratio d2/d is between 0.8 and 2 and preferably substantially equal to 1.12.
  17. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that d3 being the diameter of the large open base (35) of the cavity element (32), the dimensional ratio d3/d is between 1 and 2.25 and preferably substantially equal to 1.31.
  18. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that d4 being the axial height of the axial cavity (32), the dimensional ratio d4/d is between 0.2 and 0.5 and preferably substantially equal to 0.28.
  19. A device according to any one of claims 5 to 18, characterised in that the cavity element (32) projects from the small base (17) towards the space (8) between half of and the whole of its axial height and preferably projects to a distance substantially equal to 0.18 x d, and in that the angle µ made by the truncated cone surface of the cavity (32) with its large base (35) is between 45° and 90° and preferably substantially equal to 75°.
  20. A device according to any one of claims 2 to 16, characterised in that the truncated cone surface of the first truncated cone (41) of the upper cap (12) forms an angle of about 60° plus or minus 10° with its large base, and/or in that the conical surface of the conical dome (40) forms an angle of about 12° plus or minus 5° with its large base.
  21. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 20, characterised in that the distance separating the small closed base (36) of the cavity element (32) from the summit of the conical dome (40) is of about 0.8 x d.
  22. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterised in that the axial cavity (32) is fitted with a ring-shaped lip (50) adjoining the base (35), peripherally and facing upwards forming an angle of about 22° plus or minus 10° with the base (35) and with a width of about 0.1 d.
  23. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterised in that it further comprises a meshed element of coaxial cylindrical shape which extends between the upper (2) and lower (3) elements and surrounds the cavity (32).
  24. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterised in that it comprises at least two ties (4) placed on the periphery of the device.
  25. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterised in that the ties (4) being flat in shape with rounded edges, with a radial length t3 and a thickness e3, the dimensional ratio t3/d is between 0.04 and 0.07 and preferably substantially equal to 0.05, and the dimensional ratio e3/t3 is between 0.2 and 0.5.
  26. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterised in that the motor (33), being located in the space defined (51) by the upper cap (12) and the upper bottom (11), has a motor axis (52) coaxial with the device axis (100), emerging in said axial cavity (32) and on which the blades (31) are mounted.
  27. A device according to claim 26, characterised in that a hub (53) is mounted on the emergent part of the motor axis (52), said blades (31) being mounted on said hub (53), the distal (54) and upper radial (55) edges of the blades (31) tightly fitting the surface of the cavity (32).
  28. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterised in that the lower radial edges (34) of the blades (31) are extended by blade elements (56) articulated in rotation around said radial edges (34) between an initial rest position where the blade elements (56) are substantially perpendicular to the blades (31) when the motor (33) is not on, and a second active position where each blade element (56) is substantially on the same plane as the combined blade (31) when the motor (33) is in action.
  29. A device according to claim 28, characterised in that the blade elements are forced into the rest position by an elastic element (57), passage from the rest position to the active position being due to inertia and centrifugal forces induced by the rotation transmitted by the motor (33) to the blades (31) and to the blade elements (56).
  30. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 29, characterised in that it includes two large blades (31) which intersect on axis (100) in such a way as to create four half-blades (31a), and in that the two blades (31) cutting across each other at right angles, each half-blade (31a) comprises a quarter circle blade element (56), in such a way that in the rest position, the blade elements (56) together combine to form a cover closing the lower base (35) of the cavity (32).
EP94401888A 1993-09-03 1994-08-24 Static dynamic device for gaseous fluid removal Expired - Lifetime EP0641972B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9310517A FR2709534B1 (en) 1993-09-03 1993-09-03 Static / dynamic device for evacuating gaseous fluid.
FR9310517 1993-09-03

Publications (2)

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EP0641972A1 EP0641972A1 (en) 1995-03-08
EP0641972B1 true EP0641972B1 (en) 1997-01-22

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EP94401888A Expired - Lifetime EP0641972B1 (en) 1993-09-03 1994-08-24 Static dynamic device for gaseous fluid removal

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EP (1) EP0641972B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE148213T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69401553T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2101463T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2709534B1 (en)

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FR2740862B1 (en) * 1995-11-03 1998-01-23 Amphoux Andre DEVICE FOR SUCTION OF A GASEOUS FLUID THROUGH A CONDUIT TO REJECT IT OUTSIDE THE SAME
FR2749930B1 (en) 1996-06-18 1998-09-04 Amphoux Andre EXTRACTION MOUTH FOR VENTILATION OF A ROOM AND STATIC OR STATOMECHANICAL SYSTEM INCLUDING SUCH A MOUTH
FR2755505B1 (en) 1996-11-05 1999-01-15 Amphoux Andre AIR EXTRACTOR FOR VENTILATION
FR2763390B1 (en) 1997-05-13 1999-07-23 Andre Amphoux VENTILATION SYSTEM WITH ADDITIONAL AIR INJECTION FOR DRAFT ASSISTANCE
FR2763387B1 (en) 1997-05-13 1999-07-23 Andre Amphoux GAS INJECTION DEVICE FOR DRAFT ASSISTANCE IN A GAS FLUID TRANSPORT SYSTEM
JP2001519727A (en) * 1998-02-03 2001-10-23 ラング、ギュンター Cleaning equipment for working area of cutting machine
FR2775759B1 (en) 1998-03-04 2000-06-16 Michel Zaniewski INCORPORATED SECURITY SYSTEM FOR FUME EXTRACTOR
FR2781278B1 (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-09-29 Andre Amphoux MIXED, STATIC / DYNAMIC DEVICE FOR THE DISCHARGE OF GASEOUS FLUIDS
FR2782781B1 (en) 1998-09-02 2000-09-29 Andre Amphoux SAFETY DEVICE FOR GAS EVACUATION SYSTEMS
PT1120610E (en) * 2000-01-28 2006-11-30 Holland Heating Bv Assembly for a roof fan
FR2842586B1 (en) 2002-07-17 2005-05-20 Invent Or DEVICE FOR EXTRACTING GAS
FR2869976B1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2006-08-18 Andre Amphoux STATIC-TYPE AIR EXTRACTOR COMPRISING A SUPERIOR PART WHOSE EXTERNAL FACE IS INCLINED
PL368953A1 (en) * 2004-07-06 2006-01-09 Przedsiębiorstwo Usługowo-Produkcyjne i WdrażaniaPostępu Technicznego UNIWERSAL Sp.z o.o. Hybrid ventilation cap
RU2614421C1 (en) * 2016-02-18 2017-03-28 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственный центр газотурбостроения "Салют" (АО "НПЦ газотурбостроения "Салют") Birotating compressor
US10288082B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2019-05-14 Carnes Company, Inc. Centrifugal fan assembly including cooling vanes and a cooling plate
RU2653643C1 (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-05-11 Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский и конструкторский институт центробежных и роторных компрессоров им. В.Б. Шнеппа" Centrifugal multi-stage compressor unit
CN111197760B (en) * 2018-11-20 2021-08-20 宁波方太厨具有限公司 Anti-downdraft smoke pipe
EP4438984A1 (en) 2023-03-27 2024-10-02 Resitec AS Drying of fine silicon powder in ambient air by empirically establishing powder reactivity
NO348172B1 (en) 2023-03-27 2024-09-16 Resitec As Lightly oxidized and deagglomerated silicon kerf particles as anode or anode precursor material in Li-ion batteries

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FR2438795B2 (en) * 1978-10-13 1986-04-04 Amphoux Andre STATICO-DYNAMIC GAS FLUID VACUUM
FR2459424B1 (en) * 1979-06-18 1986-08-01 Zaniewski Michel DEVICE FOR VENTILATING PREMISES AND DRAWING CHIMNEYS
FR2514469B1 (en) * 1981-10-13 1986-04-04 Amphoux Andre STATIC, DYNAMIC AND MECHANICAL GAS FLUID VACUUM DEVICE
DE3431459A1 (en) * 1984-01-14 1985-07-18 Byung Eun Daegu Yoo Fan
FR2651563B1 (en) * 1989-09-06 1991-12-27 Amphoux Andre GAS SUCTION DEVICE.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE148213T1 (en) 1997-02-15
ES2101463T3 (en) 1997-07-01
EP0641972A1 (en) 1995-03-08
DE69401553D1 (en) 1997-03-06
FR2709534A1 (en) 1995-03-10
DE69401553T2 (en) 1997-09-25
FR2709534B1 (en) 1996-02-09

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