EP0639138B1 - Plastic barrel - Google Patents
Plastic barrel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0639138B1 EP0639138B1 EP93909971A EP93909971A EP0639138B1 EP 0639138 B1 EP0639138 B1 EP 0639138B1 EP 93909971 A EP93909971 A EP 93909971A EP 93909971 A EP93909971 A EP 93909971A EP 0639138 B1 EP0639138 B1 EP 0639138B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- barrel
- closure
- plastics
- horizontal plane
- approximately
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/12—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums
- B65D1/20—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums characterised by location or arrangement of filling or discharge apertures
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plastic barrel with a substantially cylindrical barrel wall, a flat disk-shaped barrel bottom and a corresponding barrel top, in which a closable bunghole opening is optionally arranged, and with a circumferential carrying and transport ring arranged in the vicinity of the barrel top on the barrel outer wall bottom-facing horizontal and inward-facing vertical contact surface for the gripper claws of a drum gripper.
- Such a plastic barrel is such.
- bung barrels with usual bunghole openings can only be used for the storage and transport of liquids; Because of the small bunghole opening (2 inches), bung barrels are unsuitable for viscous or particulate contents. The usually for the storage and transportation of tough or solid contents such.
- B. bitumen, paint, fruit concentrates, granules, bulk goods or similar used lid barrels are comparatively expensive because of the required accessories (large lid and clamping ring closure), especially for simple applications such.
- the barrel should be inexpensive to manufacture and also be handled with conventional barrel gripper tools. This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
- the diameter of the bunghole is approximately 150 mm.
- the diameter of the bunghole connector is approximately 225 mm. It is advantageous to use only these diameter sizes equally for all different barrel sizes (eg 120 l, 220 l).
- the L-ring barrel according to the invention with the screw cap arranged in the center is less expensive to produce than a conventional standard lid barrel and, in contrast, has better falling properties.
- the screw caps are also much cheaper to produce than the large drum caps (since they are only available in two sizes), and there is no need for an additional clamping ring.
- the barrel is blown in one piece.
- the barrel can of course also be welded together from an upper bottom (and possibly also underbody) separately prefabricated by injection molding with an extruded cylindrical barrel body blank made of two (or three) parts.
- the barrel according to the invention can also be equipped with a circumferential stable floor rolling ring on the lower barrel edge in the transition region from the outer barrel wall and flat barrel bottom.
- the same dimensions of the two preferred sizes of the screw cap always remain.
- the smaller version of the screw cap has an outer diameter of approximately 180 mm, while the outer diameter of the larger screw cap is approximately 270 mm.
- the bung has an external thread for the screw cap according to the invention, which is equipped with an internal thread; the usual small 2-inch bunghole spigots of normal bung barrels, on the other hand, always have an internal thread and the associated bung plug has a corresponding external thread.
- the level of the screw cap screwed onto the bunghole connector is arranged at the same height or almost flush with the top of the barrel or below the top of the barrel.
- the screw cap which is sunk in the middle of the top of the barrel in a bung, is optimally protected in the event of a barrel crash and in no case comes into direct contact with the floor in the event of a floor impact.
- reference number 10 denotes a plastic barrel (HOT barrel) according to the invention, which has a cylindrical barrel wall 12, a disk-shaped barrel bottom 14 and a corresponding barrel top 16.
- a circumferential carrying and transport ring 22 is formed with a downward-facing horizontal contact surface 24 and with an inward-facing vertical contact surface 26 for the gripper claws of a drum gripper that is customary for steel drums.
- a recessed bung housing 28 is formed with one from the flat bung housing bottom 40 upstanding or protruding bunghole connector 30 formed with an external thread.
- the inside diameter of the bunghole connector 30 or the bunghole opening 20 (18) is at least 100 mm or more (larger) and is closed in a gas-tight and liquid-tight manner by means of a screw-on screw cap 34 (32) with a corresponding internal thread at the flange edge.
- the smallest inside diameter of the bunghole should not be less than 100 mm, since the opening should be at least large enough that you can reach in with your hand. Of course, this minimum opening width is also very advantageous for a complete interior cleaning of the barrel with multiple use.
- the bunghole opening should not be significantly larger than half the barrel diameter; then on the one hand the cost advantage is lost and on the other hand the drop resistance can possibly be reduced because, for example, a strong elastic bulge in the top surface could possibly cause a leak on the screw cap.
- FIG. 2 shows the upper barrel section with the larger bunghole opening 18 with an inside diameter of the bung 30 of approximately 225 mm.
- the diameter of the sheet pile housing measured in the height plane of the top of the barrel is between 300 mm and 400 mm, preferably approximately 330 mm, and the diameter of the flat sheet pile housing base is between 250 mm and 330 mm, preferably approximately 270 mm.
- the larger screw cap 32 with an outer diameter of approx. 270 mm can be provided on its surface with projecting ring web pieces for attaching a key tool.
- the other preferred embodiment with the smaller bunghole 20 having an inner diameter of The spigot 30 of approximately 150 mm is shown in FIG. 3 .
- the diameter of the sheet pile housing measured in the height plane of the barrel top, is between 200 mm and 300 mm, preferably approximately 230 mm, and the diameter of the flat sheet pile base is between 180 mm and 250 mm, preferably approximately 190 mm.
- the smaller screw cap 34 with an outer diameter of approximately 180 mm is preferably provided with a flat surface.
- the flat, disc-shaped surface of the screw cap is adjoined by a flange edge that protrudes at a right angle and has a height of approx. 40 mm.
- the flange edge has an internal thread and the bunghole connector 30 has a corresponding external thread.
- a second, somewhat shorter flange ring also protruding at right angles is formed on the inside of the screw cap.
- a circumferential U-shaped groove is formed between the outer flange edge and the inner flange ring, into which a seal is inserted, which seals the screw cap against the upper end edge of the bunghole connector 30.
- the level of the screw cap screwed onto the bunghole connector ends between the level of the top of the barrel and the level of the upper end edge of the carrying and transport ring 22.
- the level of the top of the barrel is arranged above the level of the front edge of the carrying and transport ring. This is advantageous when stacking similar barrels on top of each other in the stacked barrel a supporting internal pressure is built up before the stack load is introduced into the carrying and transport ring.
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment according to the invention in a partial sectional view, in which a second small closable bunghole opening 38 is provided in the top 16 of the barrel in addition to the screw lid opening (18, 20) with a large diameter for emptying the contents of the barrel completely.
- this bunghole opening 38 initially remains closed at the bottom (inside) during the blow molding process. Only if necessary, can lateral holes be drilled into the threaded connector or the disk-shaped base piece of the threaded connector is cut out.
- the bunghole opening 38 can be closed with a corresponding conventional bung plug.
- the level of the top 16 of the barrel is arranged below the level of the front edge 36 of the carrying and transport ring 22, while the screw cap 34 projects slightly above the top 16 of the barrel.
- a central support and a circumferential support of an over-stacked barrel of the same type take place.
- the end edge 36 of the carrying and transport ring 22, the barrel top 16 and the screw cap 32, 34 screwed onto the bunghole connector 30 can be arranged essentially at the same height level.
- FIG. 5 shows a top view of the barrel design according to FIG. 4.
- the additional bunghole opening 38 can, but does not necessarily have to be formed, for example, when used for granular filling goods.
- At least one radially running water drainage channel 42 is formed in the barrel top 16, which opens on the inside into the bung housing 28 and on the outside into the engaging groove 44 running behind the carrying and transport ring 22 in the circumferential direction.
- the rainwater that collects can flow through the gutter 42 out of the bung housing 28 into the deeper engaging groove 44 behind the carrying and transport ring 22.
- At least one point, preferably at several points, through the connecting web of the carrying and transport ring, corresponding water drainage holes opening into the bottom of the engaging groove 44 are arranged, so that no rainwater can collect at all in the engaging groove 44.
- FIG. 4 Another feature according to the invention is realized in FIG .
- the barrel top 16 is inclined slightly at an overall angle, namely - viewed in the normal position of the barrel - on the side of the additional residual emptying bunghole 38 between 2 mm and 12 mm, preferably about 8 mm, higher than on the side opposite the smaller bung hole 38.
- the height difference of approximately 8 mm is also indicated in FIG. 4 by the dashed line of contour of the low barrel top area and the spacing arrows attached at right angles to it.
- attachment elements 46 can be arranged on the surface of the barrel top, as shown in FIG .
- the attachment elements 46 are each flush with the carrying and transport ring 22.
- eight web-shaped attachment elements 46 are provided which are evenly spaced from one another.
- the attachment elements can of course also have a different, for example rectangular or square shape and be formed immediately during the blow molding of the barrel or later glued or welded on as separately prefabricated injection molded parts. It is even easier to design the top of the barrel overall with a carrying and transport ring, bung neck and attachment elements in the injection molding process, after which the top of the barrel is welded onto the barrel body blank.
- the screw cap barrel according to the invention is thus excellently suitable for particulate and liquid filling goods.
- the large container opening is also advantageous for the use of an agitator (agitator), for example, in the case of fillings that tend to separate (eg zinc oxide paint), which have to be mixed and homogenized before the contents are removed.
- agitator e.g zinc oxide paint
- the barrel is also suitable for multiple use, as it can be cleaned from the inside, in contrast to conventional sheet drums. And thanks to the large container opening, the problem-free use of a corresponding thin-walled plastic liner for the first time for a closed L-ring barrel is made possible.
- the screw cover 32 itself is equipped with a bung plug 50 having a degassing device 48, as indicated in FIG. 8, which prevents overpressure inside the barrel.
- the screw cap L-ring barrel according to the invention can also be equipped with a bottom rolling ring running around the bottom.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betriffl ein Kunststoff-Faß mit im wesentlichen zylindrischer Faßwandung, einem flachen scheibenförmigen Faßunterboden und einem entsprechenden Faßoberboden, in dem gegebenenfalls eine verschließbare Spundlochöffnung angeordnet ist, und mit einem im Nahbereich des Faßoberbodens an der Faßaußenwandung angeordneten, umlaufenden Trage- und Transportring mit nach unten weisender horizontaler und nach innen weisender vertikaler Anlagefläche für die Greiferklauen eines Faßgreifers.The invention relates to a plastic barrel with a substantially cylindrical barrel wall, a flat disk-shaped barrel bottom and a corresponding barrel top, in which a closable bunghole opening is optionally arranged, and with a circumferential carrying and transport ring arranged in the vicinity of the barrel top on the barrel outer wall bottom-facing horizontal and inward-facing vertical contact surface for the gripper claws of a drum gripper.
Ein derartiges Kunststoff-Faß ist z. B. aus der WO-A-9 112 179 bekannt.Such a plastic barrel is such. B. from WO-A-9 112 179 known.
Übliche Spundfässer mit üblichen Spundlochöffnungen sind ausschließlich für die Lagerung und den Transport von Flüssigkeiten brauchbar; für zähfließende oder partikelförmige Füllgüter sind Spundfässer aufgrund der kleinen Spundlochöffnung ( 2 Zoll ) ungeeignet.
Die üblicherweise für die Lagerung und den Transport von zähen oder festen Füllgütern wie z. B. Bitumen, Farbe, Fruchtkonzentrate, Granulate, Schüttgüter oder ähnlichem verwendeten Deckelfässer sind wegen der benötigten Zubehörteile (großer Deckel und Spannringverschluß) vergleichsweise teuer, insbesondere für einfache Anwendungsfälle wie z. B. den Transport von griesförmigen Produkten wie Kunststoffgranulat ( z. B. EPS = Expandible Polystyren) und weisen schlechtere Falleigenschaften als geschlossene Deckelfässer auf.Usual bung barrels with usual bunghole openings can only be used for the storage and transport of liquids; Because of the small bunghole opening (2 inches), bung barrels are unsuitable for viscous or particulate contents.
The usually for the storage and transportation of tough or solid contents such. B. bitumen, paint, fruit concentrates, granules, bulk goods or similar used lid barrels are comparatively expensive because of the required accessories (large lid and clamping ring closure), especially for simple applications such. B. the transport of gritty products such as plastic granules (e.g. EPS = Expandable Polystyrene) and have worse falling properties than closed lid drums.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Kunststoff-Faß anzugeben, das insbesondere für den Transport von zähflüssigen oder griesförmigen Produkten geeignet ist.It is an object of the present invention to provide a plastic drum that is particularly suitable for the transport of viscous or gritty products.
Das Faß soll kostengünstig herstellbar und zudem mit üblichen Faßgreiferwerkzeugen handhabbar sein.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß der Durchmesser des Spundlochstutzens ca. 150 mm beträgt. In einer anderen besonderen Ausführungsform beträgt der Durchmesser des Spundlochstutzens ca. 225 mm. Es ist vorteilhaft, nur diese Durchmessergrößen für alle verschiedenen Faßgrößen (z.B. 120 l, 220 l) gleichermaßen zu verwenden. Das erfindungsgemäße L-Ring-Faß mit dem zentralmittig angeordneten Schraubdeckel ist im Vergleich zu einem üblichen Standard-Deckelfaß kostengünstiger herzustellen und weist demgegenüber bessere Falleigenschaften auf. Die Schraubdeckel sind im Vergleich zu dem großen Faßdeckel ebenfalls wesentlich preisgünstiger herzustellen (da sie auch nur in zwei Größen angeboten werden), und es entfallen auch die Kosten für einen zusätzlichen Spannring. Damit ist die Möglichkeit gegeben, preisgünstige Schraubdeckelfässer anzubieten, sowohl für den bereits zuvor erwähnten Anwendungsfall für griesförmige Produkte, bzw. Granulate wie auch z.B. für die Abfüllung von stückigen Lebensmitteln oder zähfließenden Fruchtkonzentraten mit ganzen Fruchtstücken. Gegenüber Deckelfässern ergeben sich weiterhin zusätzliche Vorteile, weil die erfindungsgemässen Schraubdeckelfässer mit dem oberen Trage- und Transportring (Mauser L-Ring) mit den gleichen Faßgreiferwerkzeugen wie für übliche Stahl- oder Kunststoff-Spundfässer manipuliert bzw. gehandhabt werden können.The barrel should be inexpensive to manufacture and also be handled with conventional barrel gripper tools.
This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the diameter of the bunghole is approximately 150 mm. In another special embodiment, the diameter of the bunghole connector is approximately 225 mm. It is advantageous to use only these diameter sizes equally for all different barrel sizes (eg 120 l, 220 l). The L-ring barrel according to the invention with the screw cap arranged in the center is less expensive to produce than a conventional standard lid barrel and, in contrast, has better falling properties. The screw caps are also much cheaper to produce than the large drum caps (since they are only available in two sizes), and there is no need for an additional clamping ring. This provides the opportunity to offer inexpensive screw-top drums, both for the aforementioned application for gritty products or granules, and for example for filling lumpy foods or viscous fruit concentrates with whole pieces of fruit. Compared to lid drums there are further advantages because the screw lid drums according to the invention with the upper carrying and transport ring (Mauser L-ring) can be manipulated or handled with the same drum gripper tools as for conventional steel or plastic sheet drums.
In bevorzugter Ausführungsform ist das Faß vollständig einteilig geblasen. Das Faß kann natürlich auch aus einem im Spritzgußverfahren separat vorgefertigten Oberboden (und ggf. auch Unterboden) mit einem extrudierten zylindrischen Faßkörperrohling aus zwei (oder drei) Teilen zusammengeschweißt werden.
Weiterhin kann das erfindungsgemäße Faß am unteren Faßrand im Übergangsbereich von äußerer Faßwandung und flachem Faßunterboden auch mit einem umlaufenden stabilen Boden-Rollring ausgestattet sein.In a preferred embodiment, the barrel is blown in one piece. The barrel can of course also be welded together from an upper bottom (and possibly also underbody) separately prefabricated by injection molding with an extruded cylindrical barrel body blank made of two (or three) parts.
Furthermore, the barrel according to the invention can also be equipped with a circumferential stable floor rolling ring on the lower barrel edge in the transition region from the outer barrel wall and flat barrel bottom.
Ein wichtiges Merkmal der Erfindung besteht darin, daß unabhängig vom Fassungsvermögen der L-Ring-Fässer (z.B. 60 l, 120 l, 150 l, 160 l oder gar 220 l) immer gleiche Abmessungen der zwei bevorzugten Größen des Schraubdeckels bestehen bleiben. Die kleinere Ausführung des Schraubdeckels weist einen Außendurchmesser von ca. 180 mm auf, während der Außendurchmesser des größeren Schraubdeckels ca. 270 mm beträgt.
Der Spundstutzen weist im vorliegenden Fall ein Außengewinde für den erfindungsgemäßen mit Innengewinde ausgestatteten Schraubdeckel auf; die üblichen kleinen 2 Zoll-Spundlochstutzen von normalen Spundfässern weisen dagegen immer ein Innengewinde und der zugehörige Spundstopfen ein entsprechendes Außengewinde auf.An important feature of the invention is that regardless of the capacity of the L-ring drums (eg 60 l, 120 l, 150 l, 160 l or even 220 l), the same dimensions of the two preferred sizes of the screw cap always remain. The smaller version of the screw cap has an outer diameter of approximately 180 mm, while the outer diameter of the larger screw cap is approximately 270 mm.
In the present case, the bung has an external thread for the screw cap according to the invention, which is equipped with an internal thread; the usual small 2-inch bunghole spigots of normal bung barrels, on the other hand, always have an internal thread and the associated bung plug has a corresponding external thread.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Höhenebene des auf den Spundlochstutzen aufgeschraubten Schraubdeckels in gleicher Höhe bzw. nahezu bündig mit dem Faßoberboden oder unterhalb des Faßoberbodens angeordnet ist.
Der zentralmittig im Faßoberboden in einer Spundmulde versenkt angeordnete Schraubdeckel ist so bei einem Faßabsturz optimal geschützt und kommt bei einem Bodenaufprall in keinem Fall direkt mit dem Boden in Kontakt.In an embodiment of the invention it is provided that the level of the screw cap screwed onto the bunghole connector is arranged at the same height or almost flush with the top of the barrel or below the top of the barrel.
The screw cap, which is sunk in the middle of the top of the barrel in a bung, is optimally protected in the event of a barrel crash and in no case comes into direct contact with the floor in the event of a floor impact.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert und beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- ein erfindungsgemäßes Schraubdeckel-Faß in Seitenansicht mit Teilschnittdarstellung,
- Figur 2
- den oberen Randbereich eines Fasses mit größerem Schraubdeckel,
- Figur 3
- den oberen Randbereich eines Fasses mit kleinerem Schraubdeckel,
- Figur 4
- den oberen Randbereich eines Fasses mit kleinerem Schraubdeckel und zusätzlichem Restentleerungs-Spundloch,
- Figur 5
- eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Schraubdeckel-Faß,
- Figur 6
- eine perspektivische Ansicht eines weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Schraubdeckel-Fasses,
- Figur 7
- eine Schnittdarstellung des Faß-Kopfes aus Fig. 6 und
- Figur 8
- die Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Schraubdeckelfasses.
- Figure 1
- an inventive screw cap barrel in side view with partial sectional view,
- Figure 2
- the upper edge of a barrel with a larger screw cap,
- Figure 3
- the upper edge of a barrel with a smaller screw cap,
- Figure 4
- the upper edge area of a barrel with a smaller screw cap and additional drain hole,
- Figure 5
- a plan view of a screw cap barrel according to the invention,
- Figure 6
- 2 shows a perspective view of a further screw cap barrel according to the invention,
- Figure 7
- a sectional view of the barrel head of Fig. 6 and
- Figure 8
- the top view of another embodiment of a screw cap barrel.
In Figur 1 ist mit der Bezugsziffer 10 ein erfindungsgemäßes Kunststoff-Faß (HOT-Faß) bezeichnet, das eine zylinderförmige Faßwandung 12, einen scheibenförmigen Faßunterboden 14 und einen entsprechenden Faßoberboden 16 aufweist. Im äußeren Übergangsbereich des Faßoberbodens 16 zur Faßaußenwandung 12 ist ein umlaufender Trage- und Transportring 22 mit nach unten weisender horizontaler Anlagefläche 24 und mit nach innen weisender vertikaler Anlagefläche 26 für die Greiferklauen eines für Stahlfässer üblichen Faßgreifers ausgebildet.
Zentralmittig im Faßoberboden 16 ist ein eingesenktes Spundgehäuse 28 mit einem vom ebenen Spundgehäuseboden 40 hochstehenden bzw. hervorstehenden Spundlochstutzen 30 mit Außengewinde ausgebildet.
Der Innendurchmesser des Spundlochstutzens 30 bzw. der Spundlochöffnung 20 (18) beträgt wenigstens 100 mm oder darüber (größer) und ist mittels eines aufgeschraubten Schraubdeckels 34 (32) mit entsprechendem Innengewinde am Flanschrand gas- und flüssigkeitsdicht verschlossen.In FIG. 1 ,
In the center of the top of the
The inside diameter of the
Als kleinster Innendurchmesser des Spundlochstutzens sollten 100 mm nicht unterschritten werden, da die Öffnung wenigstens so groß sein sollte, daß man mit der Hand hineingreifen kann. Diese Mindestöffnungsweite ist natürlich auch für eine vollständige Innenreinigung des Fasses bei Mehrfachverwendung sehr vorteilhaft.
Andererseits sollte die Spundlochöffnung aber auch nicht wesentlich größer als der halbe Faßdurchmesser sein; dann geht zum einen der Kostenvorteil verloren und zum anderen kann ggf. die Fallfestigkeit vermindert werden, weil z.B. durch eine starke elastische Ausbeulung des Oberbodens möglicherweise eine Undichtigkeit am Schraubdeckel auftreten könnte.
In Figur 2 ist der obere Faßabschnitt mit der größeren Spundlochöffnung 18 mit einem Innendurchmesser des Spundstutzens 30 von ca. 225 mm dargestellt. Hierbei beträgt der Durchmesser des Spundgehäuses gemessen in der Höhenebene des Faßoberbodens zwischen 300 mm und 400 mm, vorzugsweise ca. 330 mm, und der Durchmesser des ebenen Spundgehäusebodens zwischen 250 mm und 330 mm, vorzugsweise ca. 270 mm.
Der größere Schraubdeckel 32 mit einem Außendurchmesser von ca. 270 mm kann auf seiner Oberfläche mit hervorstehenden Ringstegstücken zum Ansetzen eines Schlüsselwerkzeuges versehen sein.The smallest inside diameter of the bunghole should not be less than 100 mm, since the opening should be at least large enough that you can reach in with your hand. Of course, this minimum opening width is also very advantageous for a complete interior cleaning of the barrel with multiple use.
On the other hand, the bunghole opening should not be significantly larger than half the barrel diameter; then on the one hand the cost advantage is lost and on the other hand the drop resistance can possibly be reduced because, for example, a strong elastic bulge in the top surface could possibly cause a leak on the screw cap.
FIG. 2 shows the upper barrel section with the larger bunghole opening 18 with an inside diameter of the
The
Die andere bevorzugte Ausführungsform mit der kleineren Spundlochöffnung 20 mit einem Innendurchmesser des Spundstutzens 30 von ca. 150 mm ist in Figur 3 dargestellt. Hierbei beträgt der Durchmesser des Spundgehäuses gemessen in der Höhenebene des Faßoberbodens zwischen 200 mm und 300 mm, vorzugsweise ca. 230 mm, und der Durchmesser des ebenen Spundgehäusebodens zwischen 180 mm und 250 mm, vorzugsweise ca. 190 mm.
Der kleinere Schraubdeckel 34 mit einem Außendurchmesser von ca. 180 mm ist vorzugsweise mit einer flachen Oberfläche versehen. An die flache scheibenförmige Oberfläche der Schraubdeckel schließt sich ein rechtwinkelig abstehender Flanschrand mit einer Höhe von ca. 40 mm an. Außenseitig sind am Flanschrand einige stegartige Noppen bzw. Riffelvorsprünge zum besseren manuellen Greifen beim Verschrauben des Deckels ausgebildet. Der Flanschrand weist ein Innengewinde und der Spundlochstutzen 30 ein entsprechendes Außengewinde auf. Mit geringem Abstand zum Flanschrand ist innenseitig am Schraubdeckel ein zweiter, etwas kürzerer gleichfalls rechtwinkelig abstehender Flanschring ausgebildet. Zwischen dem äußeren Flanschrand und dem inneren Flanschring ist eine umlaufende U-förmige Nut ausgebildet, in welche eine Dichtung eingesetzt ist, die den Schraubdeckel gegen die obere Stirnkante des Spundlochstutzens 30 abdichtet.
Bei dieser Ausführungsform endet die Höhenebene des auf den Spundlochstutzen aufgeschraubten Schraubdeckels zwischen der Höhenebene des Faßoberbodens und der Höhenebene der oberen Stirnkante des Trage- und Transportringes 22.The other preferred embodiment with the
The
In this embodiment, the level of the screw cap screwed onto the bunghole connector ends between the level of the top of the barrel and the level of the upper end edge of the carrying and
In einer zeichnerisch nicht näher dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Höhenebene des Faßoberbodens oberhalb der Höhenebene der Stirnkante des Trage- und Transportringes angeordnet.
Hierbei wird auf vorteilhafte Weise bei Übereinanderstapelung gleichartiger Fässer im untergestapelten Faß ein stützender Innendruck aufgebaut bevor die Stapellast in den Trage-und Transportring eingeleitet wird.In an embodiment not shown in the drawing, the level of the top of the barrel is arranged above the level of the front edge of the carrying and transport ring.
This is advantageous when stacking similar barrels on top of each other in the stacked barrel a supporting internal pressure is built up before the stack load is introduced into the carrying and transport ring.
In Figur 4 ist eine weitere erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform in Teilschnittansicht dargestellt, bei welcher im Faßoberboden 16 zusätzlich seitlich neben der Schraubdeckelöffnung (18,20) mit großem Durchmesser eine zweite kleine verschließbare Spundlochöffnung 38 zur Restentleerung des Faßinhaltes vorgesehen ist. Zweckmäßigerweise bleibt diese Spundlochöffnung 38 beim Blasformverfahren zunächst unten (innen) geschlossen ausgebildet. Erst im Bedarfsfall können dann seitliche Bohrungen in den Gewindestutzen eingebracht werden oder es wird das scheibenförmige Bodenstück des Gewindestutzens herausgeschnitten. Die Spundlochöffnung 38 ist mit einem entsprechenden üblichen Spundstopfen verschließbar. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Höhenebene des Faßoberbodens 16 unterhalb der Höhenebene der Stirnkante 36 des Trage- und Transportringes 22 angeordnet, während der Schraubdeckel 34 den Faßoberboden 16 geringfügig überragt.
Bei dieser Ausführungsform erfolgt eine Zentralabstützung und eine Umfangsabstützung eines übergestapelten gleichartigen Fasses.
In abgewandelter Ausführungsform können aber auch die Stirnkante 36 des Trage- und Transportringes 22, der Faßoberboden 16 und der auf den Spundlochstutzen 30 aufgeschraubte Schraubdeckel 32,34 im wesentlichen in gleicher Höhenebene angeordnet sein.
In Figur 5 ist eine Draufsicht auf die Faßausführung gemäß Fig. 4 dargestellt. Die zusätzliche Spundlochöffnung 38 kann, muß aber z.B. bei einer Verwendung für granulatförmige Füllgüter nicht unbedingt ausgebildet sein. FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment according to the invention in a partial sectional view, in which a second small
In this embodiment, a central support and a circumferential support of an over-stacked barrel of the same type take place.
In a modified embodiment, however, the
FIG. 5 shows a top view of the barrel design according to FIG. 4. The additional bunghole opening 38 can, but does not necessarily have to be formed, for example, when used for granular filling goods.
Bei einer weiterentwickelten Ausführungsform - dargestellt in Figur 6 - ist in den Faßoberboden 16 wenigstens eine radial verlaufende Wasserablauf-Rinne 42 eingeformt, die innenseitig in das Spundgehäuse 28 und außenseitig in die hinter dem Trage- und Transportring 22 in Umfangsrichtung verlaufende Eingreifnut 44 einmündet.
Hierdurch wird verhindert, daß sich z.B. größere Regenwassermengen in dem Spundgehäuse 28 ansammeln, wenn ein derartiges Faß im Freien gelagert wird. So kann das sich ansammelnde Regenwasser durch die Rinne 42 aus dem Spundgehäuse 28 in die tieferliegende Eingreifnut 44 hinter dem Trage- und Transportring 22 abfließen. An wenigstens einer Stelle, vorzugsweise an mehreren Stellen, sind durch den Verbindungssteg des Trage- und Transportringes hindurchgehende in den Boden der Eingreifnut 44 einmündende entsprechende Wasserablauf-Bohrungen angeordnet, so daß sich in der Eingreifnut 44 selbst überhaupt kein Regenwasser ansammeln kann.In a further developed embodiment - shown in FIG. 6 - at least one radially running
This prevents, for example, large amounts of rainwater from accumulating in the bung 28 when such a barrel is stored outdoors. Thus, the rainwater that collects can flow through the
In Figur 7 ist ein weiteres erfindungsgemäßes Merkmal realisiert. Um die Restentleerung des Fasses in einer 180° Inversions-Positionierung zu verbessern, ist hier der Faßoberboden 16 insgesamt leicht schräg geneigt, und zwar - in Normalpostition des Fasses betrachtet - auf der Seite der zusätzlichen Restentleerungs-Spundlochöffnung 38 zwischen 2 mm bis 12 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 8 mm, höher als auf der der kleineren Spundlochöffnung 38 gegenüberliegenden Seite ausgebildet.
Der Höhenunterschied von etwa 8 mm ist auch in Fig. 4 durch die gestrichelt eingezeichnete Höhenlinie des niedrigen Faßoberbodenbereiches und die rechtwinkelig daran angesetzten Abstandspfeile angedeutet. Bei der Übereinanderstapelung derartiger Fässer erfolgt eine Zentralabstützung über den Schraubdeckel 32 und eine Umfangsabstützung über den Trage- und Transportring 22 des untergestapelten Fasses.Another feature according to the invention is realized in FIG . In order to improve the residual emptying of the barrel in a 180 ° inversion position, here the
The height difference of approximately 8 mm is also indicated in FIG. 4 by the dashed line of contour of the low barrel top area and the spacing arrows attached at right angles to it. When such drums are stacked one on top of the other, central support is provided via the
Um auch eine Stapelabstützung im Bereich des dazwischenliegenden Faßoberbodens zu erreichen, können, wie in Figur 8 dargestellt ist, entsprechende Aufsatzelemente 46 auf der Oberfläche des Faßoberbodens angeordnet sein. Dabei schließen die Aufsatzelemente 46 jeweils bündig mit dem Trage- und Transportring 22 ab. Bei der in Fig. 8 dargestellten Ausführungsform sind acht gleichmäßig voneinander beabstandete stegförmige Aufsatzelemente 46 vorgesehen. Die Aufsatzelemente können natürlich auch eine andere, z.B. rechteckförmige oder quadratische Form aufweisen und gleich bei der Blasformgebung des Fasses ausgebildet oder später als separat vorgefertigte Spritzgußteile aufgeklebt oder aufgeschweißt werden. Noch einfacher ist die Ausbildung des Faßoberbodnes insgesamt mit Trage- und Transportring, Spundstutzen und Aufsatzelementen im Spritzgußverfahren, wonach der Faßoberboden auf den Faßkörperrohling aufgeschweißt wird.In order to achieve stack support in the area of the barrel top in between, corresponding
Das erfindungsgemäße Schraubdeckelfaß ist also ausgezeichnet für partikelförmige und flüssige Füllgüter geeignet. Die große Behälteröffnung ist ebenfalls vorteilhaft für den Einsatz eines Rührwerkes (Quirl) z.B. bei zu Entmischung neigenden Füllgütern (z.B. Zinkoxid-Farbe), die vor einer Füllgutentnahme aufgemischt und homogenisiert werden müssen. Das Faß ist auch für eine Mehrfachverwendung geeignet, da es im Gegensatz zu üblichen Spundfässern von innen gereinigt werden kann. Und weiterhin wird durch die große Behälteröffnung auch die problemlose Verwendung eines entsprechenden, dünnwandigen Kunststoff-Inliners erstmalig für ein geschlossenes L-Ring-Faß ermöglicht.
Um den Einsatzbereich des Schraubdeckel-L-Ring-Fasses schließlich auch für zur Entgasung neigende Füllstoffe zu erweitern, ist - wie in Fig. 8 angedeutet ist - der Schraubdeckel 32 selbst mit einem eine Entgasungseinrichtung 48 aufweisenden Spundstopfen 50 ausgestattet, wodurch eine Überdruckausbildung im Faßinneren verhindert wird.
Selbstverständlich kann das erfindungsgemäße Schraubdekkel-L-Ring-Faß auch mit einem unten umlaufenden Boden-Rollring ausgestattet sein.The screw cap barrel according to the invention is thus excellently suitable for particulate and liquid filling goods. The large container opening is also advantageous for the use of an agitator (agitator), for example, in the case of fillings that tend to separate (eg zinc oxide paint), which have to be mixed and homogenized before the contents are removed. The barrel is also suitable for multiple use, as it can be cleaned from the inside, in contrast to conventional sheet drums. And thanks to the large container opening, the problem-free use of a corresponding thin-walled plastic liner for the first time for a closed L-ring barrel is made possible.
In order to finally expand the area of use of the screw-cover L-ring barrel for fillers that tend to degass, the
Of course, the screw cap L-ring barrel according to the invention can also be equipped with a bottom rolling ring running around the bottom.
Claims (15)
- A plastics barrel (10) with a substantially cylindrical barrel wall (12), a disk-shaped barrel floor (14) and a corresponding barrel top (16), in which a closable closure aperture is optionally arranged, and with a circumferential carrying and transporting ring (22), which is arranged on the outer barrel wall (12) in the vicinity of the barrel top (16) and comprises a downward facing horizontal and an inward facing vertical bearing surface (24, 26) for the grab claws of a barrel grab,
characterised in that a recessed closure housing (28) with a projecting closure socket (30) is arranged in the centre of the barrel top (16), the internal diameter of the closure socket (30) measuring at least 100 mm or more and this closure socket (30) being closable in a gas-tight and liquid-tight manner by means of a screw lid (32, 34) which can be screwed thereon. - A plastics barrel according to claim 1,
characterised in that the internal diameter of the closure socket (30) measures approximately 150 mm for a screw lid with an external diameter of approximately 180 mm. - A plastics barrel according to claim 1,
characterised in that the internal diameter of the closure socket (30) measures approximately 225 mm for a screw lid with an external diameter of approximately 270 mm. - A plastics barrel according to claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that, measured in the horizontal plane of the barrel top (16), the diameter of the closure housing (28) is between 200 mm and 300 mm, preferably approximately 230 mm, and the diameter of the flat closure housing floor (40) measures between 180 mm and 250 mm, preferably approximately 190 mm. - A plastics barrel according to claim 1 or 3,
characterised in that, measured in the horizontal plane of the barrel top (16), the diameter of the closure housing (28) is between 300 mm and 400 mm, preferably approximately 330 mm, and the diameter of the flat closure housing floor (40) measures between 250 mm and 330 mm, preferably approximately 270 mm. - A plastics barrel according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterised in that the horizontal plane of the screw lid (32) screwed onto the closure socket (30) is arranged at the same height as or approximately flush with the barrel top (16) or beneath the barrel top (16).
- A plastics barrel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the horizontal plane of the screw lid (12) screwed onto the closure socket (30) ends between the horizontal plane of the barrel top (16) and the horizontal plane of the upper edge (36) of the carrying and transporting ring (22).
- A plastics barrel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the horizontal plane of the barrel top (16) is arranged above the horizontal plane of the upper edge (36) of the carrying and transporting ring (22).
- A plastics barrel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the horizontal plane of the barrel top (16) is arranged beneath the horizontal plane of the upper edge (36) of the carrying and transporting ring (22).
- A plastics barrel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the upper edge (36) of the carrying and transporting ring (22), the barrel top (16) and the screw lid (32, 34) screwed onto the closure socket (30) are arranged in substantially the same horizontal plane.
- A plastics barrel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterised in that a second, small closure aperture (38) is additionally provided laterally in the barrel top (16) for emptying the residual barrel content.
- A plastics barrel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the barrel top (16) as a whole is slightly inclined, namely - viewed in the normal position of the barrel - is constructed so as to be between 2 mm and 12 mm, preferably approximately 8 mm, higher on the side comprising the additional residue emptying closure aperture (38) than on the side opposite the smaller closure aperture (38).
- A plastics barrel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterised in that at least one radially extending water drainage channel (42) is formed in the barrel top (16), which channel extends on the inside into the closure housing (28) and on the outside into the engagement groove (44) extending circumferentially behind the carrying and transporting ring (22).
- A plastics barrel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterised in that at least two or more uniformly spaced apart, preferably ridge-like stacking elements (46) are provided.
- A plastics barrel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 14, characterised in that a stable, circumferential floor-rolling ring is provided on the lower barrel edge in the transition region between the outer, cylindrical barrel wall (12) and the flat barrel floor (14).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96102333A EP0721892A1 (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1993-05-12 | Plastic drum |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE9206651 | 1992-05-15 | ||
DE9206651U | 1992-05-15 | ||
PCT/EP1993/001185 WO1993023293A1 (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1993-05-12 | Plastic barrel |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96102333.0 Division-Into | 1993-05-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0639138A1 EP0639138A1 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
EP0639138B1 true EP0639138B1 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
Family
ID=6879578
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93909971A Expired - Lifetime EP0639138B1 (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1993-05-12 | Plastic barrel |
EP96102333A Withdrawn EP0721892A1 (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1993-05-12 | Plastic drum |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96102333A Withdrawn EP0721892A1 (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1993-05-12 | Plastic drum |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5918757A (en) |
EP (2) | EP0639138B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH07506554A (en) |
KR (1) | KR950701587A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE141880T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU671996B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9306366A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2134879A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ266194A3 (en) |
DE (4) | DE4392096D2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0639138T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2092299T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3021575T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HU213465B (en) |
NO (1) | NO304016B1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK133594A3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993023293A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6182853B1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2001-02-06 | Gcc Drum, Inc. | Plastic drum |
US7144506B2 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2006-12-05 | Fralo Plastech Mfg., Llc | Blow molded septic tank and method of manufacture |
DE102004061677B4 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-05-10 | Schütz GmbH & Co. KGaA | bung barrel |
US8245847B2 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2012-08-21 | Warren Brent Davis | Reusable nesting and denesting plastic container |
US9486274B2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2016-11-08 | Ulthera, Inc. | Dissection handpiece and method for reducing the appearance of cellulite |
US8518069B2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2013-08-27 | Cabochon Aesthetics, Inc. | Dissection handpiece and method for reducing the appearance of cellulite |
US9358033B2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2016-06-07 | Ulthera, Inc. | Fluid-jet dissection system and method for reducing the appearance of cellulite |
US9011473B2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2015-04-21 | Ulthera, Inc. | Dissection handpiece and method for reducing the appearance of cellulite |
US10548659B2 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2020-02-04 | Ulthera, Inc. | High pressure pre-burst for improved fluid delivery |
US9248317B2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2016-02-02 | Ulthera, Inc. | Devices and methods for selectively lysing cells |
US7885793B2 (en) | 2007-05-22 | 2011-02-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for developing a conceptual model to facilitate generating a business-aligned information technology solution |
US8439940B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2013-05-14 | Cabochon Aesthetics, Inc. | Dissection handpiece with aspiration means for reducing the appearance of cellulite |
US20110024341A1 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-03 | Catt Lyon Design, Inc. | Rainwater Catchment System |
US9358064B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2016-06-07 | Ulthera, Inc. | Handpiece and methods for performing subcutaneous surgery |
US11096708B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2021-08-24 | Ulthera, Inc. | Devices and methods for performing subcutaneous surgery |
ES2628009T3 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2017-08-01 | Ulthera, Inc. | Dissection handpiece and method to reduce the appearance of cellulite |
EP2461758B1 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2017-06-07 | Ulthera, Inc. | Dissection handpiece for reducing the appearance of cellulite |
CN201607960U (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-10-13 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Casing with opening |
US9279237B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2016-03-08 | Catt Lyon Design, Inc. | Filter for rainwater harvesting |
US9186565B2 (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2015-11-17 | Doug English | Physical training apparatus |
DE102012006735A1 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-02 | Dietmar Przytulla | Thermoplastic lid for liquid-tight plastic containers e.g. inner container of pallet container, has seal portion that is axially connected to outer edge of rotationally symmetrical horizontal seal retaining edge in lid portion |
DE202012003379U1 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2012-06-04 | Dietmar Przytulla | Plastic lid |
USD782771S1 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2017-03-28 | Geo Plastics | Tight head drum |
BR112021005314A2 (en) | 2018-09-21 | 2021-06-15 | Mauser-Werke Gmbh | container made of thermoplastic material for storing and transporting liquid or free flowing contents |
DE102018007610A1 (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-03-26 | Mauser-Werke Gmbh | Plastic container |
USD922722S1 (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2021-06-15 | Just A Breath On Barrels | Barrel opening cover |
USD938128S1 (en) | 2020-01-06 | 2021-12-07 | Geo Plastics | Nestable drum |
USD1001413S1 (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2023-10-10 | Geo Plastics | Nestable drum |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3825145A (en) * | 1972-01-12 | 1974-07-23 | Huck Finn Inc | Beer keg |
DE2352408A1 (en) * | 1972-10-18 | 1974-05-02 | Huck Finn Inc | Spun plastics beer barrel - has tubular sleeve with two flanges firmly embedded in wall |
EP0041874B1 (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1984-08-22 | Rheem Blagden Limited | Barrel assembly |
DE8521677U1 (en) * | 1985-07-27 | 1985-09-12 | Mauser-Werke Gmbh, 5040 Bruehl | Bung barrel |
DE8705915U1 (en) * | 1987-04-23 | 1987-06-25 | Kautex Werke Reinold Hagen Ag, 5300 Bonn, De | |
DE4016600A1 (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1991-08-22 | Mauser Werke Gmbh | TANK |
-
1993
- 1993-05-12 DE DE4392096T patent/DE4392096D2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-05-12 SK SK1335-94A patent/SK133594A3/en unknown
- 1993-05-12 DK DK93909971.9T patent/DK0639138T3/en active
- 1993-05-12 BR BR9306366A patent/BR9306366A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-05-12 ES ES93909971T patent/ES2092299T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-12 CA CA002134879A patent/CA2134879A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-05-12 EP EP93909971A patent/EP0639138B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-12 JP JP5519881A patent/JPH07506554A/en active Pending
- 1993-05-12 AU AU40677/93A patent/AU671996B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-05-12 AT AT93909971T patent/ATE141880T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-12 DE DE59303587T patent/DE59303587D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-12 HU HU9403273A patent/HU213465B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-12 DE DE9321291U patent/DE9321291U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-12 KR KR1019940704010A patent/KR950701587A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-05-12 WO PCT/EP1993/001185 patent/WO1993023293A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-05-12 EP EP96102333A patent/EP0721892A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-05-12 CZ CZ942661A patent/CZ266194A3/en unknown
- 1993-05-12 DE DE9308460U patent/DE9308460U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-10-26 NO NO944063A patent/NO304016B1/en unknown
-
1996
- 1996-11-07 GR GR960402949T patent/GR3021575T3/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-12-03 US US08/984,078 patent/US5918757A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5918757A (en) | 1999-07-06 |
DE4392096D2 (en) | 1995-09-21 |
GR3021575T3 (en) | 1997-02-28 |
ATE141880T1 (en) | 1996-09-15 |
DK0639138T3 (en) | 1996-12-23 |
ES2092299T3 (en) | 1996-11-16 |
NO944063D0 (en) | 1994-10-26 |
DE59303587D1 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
KR950701587A (en) | 1995-04-28 |
DE9321291U1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
CZ266194A3 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
CA2134879A1 (en) | 1993-11-16 |
HU213465B (en) | 1997-06-30 |
AU671996B2 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
NO304016B1 (en) | 1998-10-12 |
NO944063L (en) | 1994-10-26 |
BR9306366A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
JPH07506554A (en) | 1995-07-20 |
AU4067793A (en) | 1993-12-13 |
WO1993023293A1 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
DE9308460U1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
SK133594A3 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
EP0639138A1 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
HUT68024A (en) | 1995-05-29 |
EP0721892A1 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
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