EP0637412A1 - Procede de transmission et/ou de synchronisation d'au moins une composante d'un signal multiplex. - Google Patents
Procede de transmission et/ou de synchronisation d'au moins une composante d'un signal multiplex.Info
- Publication number
- EP0637412A1 EP0637412A1 EP93911809A EP93911809A EP0637412A1 EP 0637412 A1 EP0637412 A1 EP 0637412A1 EP 93911809 A EP93911809 A EP 93911809A EP 93911809 A EP93911809 A EP 93911809A EP 0637412 A1 EP0637412 A1 EP 0637412A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- additional channel
- rds
- digital information
- block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/65—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
- H04H20/67—Common-wave systems, i.e. using separate transmitters operating on substantially the same frequency
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/18—Arrangements for synchronising broadcast or distribution via plural systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/28—Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information
- H04H20/33—Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information by plural channels
- H04H20/34—Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information by plural channels using an out-of-band subcarrier signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H2201/00—Aspects of broadcast communication
- H04H2201/10—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the type of broadcast system
- H04H2201/13—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the type of broadcast system radio data system/radio broadcast data system [RDS/RBDS]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of transmission and / or synchronization of at least one component of a multiplex signal comprising at least one digital data channel.
- Certain modern broadcasting systems must have precise phase relationships between the multiplex signals broadcast from different points (synchronous FM, DAB digital broadcasting).
- Digital transport systems are also known which present information on the phasing of the signals transmitted from the synchronizations carried by the digital distribution system. However, this phasing information is not sufficient to allow the phasing of all the analog components of the broadcast multiplex signal.
- the present invention relates to a method making it possible to avoid these drawbacks.
- the invention thus relates to a method of transmission and / or synchronization of at least one analog component of a multiplex signal comprising at least one digital data channel characterized in that it comprises the steps of inserting into the transmission a canal additional likely to include digital information having a given bit rate, said additional channel comprising patterns at least some of which include a synchronization signal allowing the phasing of at least one analog component as well as said digital information.
- the method may include a step of synchronizing on reception, from said synchronization signal on the one hand, at least one said analog component, and on the other hand, the digital information of the additional channel.
- the digital data is advantageously that of digitized audio channels of an FM frequency modulation broadcast, the digital information of the additional channel being that of an FM multiplex.
- the digital information of the additional channel may be RDS information.
- the digital information of the additional channel is advantageously transmitted in NRZ-M, the precoding being such that the phase of the NRZ signal is changed each time the value of the RDS data to be transmitted is equal to 1, which makes it possible to remove the ambiguity of reception phase.
- the patterns of the additional channel advantageously have a duration multiple of the period of several analog components as well as the bit rate of the digital information.
- At least one said analog component may be a frequency signal characteristic of a transmission and the step of synchronization on reception may include a step of generating said characteristic frequency signal from a synchronized waveform generator. from said synchronization signal.
- Said waveform generator can be digital and comprise a first means of cyclic reading of a waveform memory and said synchronization of the waveform generator can consist in bringing the first cyclic reading means to a given state.
- the method may include a step of decoding at least some of said digital information to address sectors of a second waveform memory, each sector being able to be scanned by addressing by a second cyclic reading means.
- Said patterns can advantageously be part of blocks starting with said synchronization signal.
- the method can then include a step of memorizing the patterns of each block in a sequential shift memory, the synchronization signal of the (N + p) th block (with p integer greater than or equal to 1) being used to control the setting to a specified count of a cyclic counter, said specified count producing a read signal of the Nth block contained in the sequential shift memory.
- Said patterns can be arranged in frames.
- the digital information of the additional channel is inserted in the form of data blocks comprising a number of bits different from the nominal number of bits of an information block of the additional channel and the method comprises a step of setting implementation, on reception, of a sequential shift memory in which the received data packets are connected end to end so as to reconstruct the continuity of the information blocks.
- the duration of the data blocks is equal to n ⁇ 16 ms (with n integer), ie n ⁇ 19 bits RDS.
- the digital information of the additional channel can be organized in the form of data blocks and the method then comprises a signal. address associated with said synchronization signal, the address signal constituting a read address pointer of a storage element of a block of digital information of the additional channel.
- the duration of a block of data of the additional channel may then not be entirely related to the duration of a block of digital information of the additional channel, the address signal then being such that it makes it possible to catch the 'deviation due to the non-integer relationship between said durations.
- the duration of the blocks of the additional channel can be variable from one block to another.
- the address signal also makes it possible to make up for the difference due to variations in the duration of the blocks.
- the additional channel may have a bit rate, for example 2 kbit / s allowing the transport of RDS digital information blocks of the additional channel.
- the invention also relates to an application of the method as defined above in a synchronous network comprising a head end transmitter and a plurality of repeaters, characterized in that said additional channel is generated at the head of the network so that at least one analog component is synchronized in the same way in all repeaters.
- the digital information of the additional channel can be inserted downstream of the head transmitter of the network.
- - Figure 1 a block diagram illustrating the method according to the invention implemented in a broadcasting network implementing the AES / EBU standard; - Figures 2a and 2b, respectively the synchronization of a block, and the constitution of a block; - Figure 3 an example of extraction and dissemination of RDS type information;
- - Figure 6 a transmission using a compression system and audio data expansion
- - Figure 7 an example of a frame comprising a synchronization word constituting a time pointer
- FIG. 9a, 9b, 10a and 10b respectively a device for extracting RDS data from a signal according to the AES / EBU standard, the corresponding timing diagrams, a RDS waveform generation device, and the timing diagram correspondent;
- a device for implementing the method according to the invention in the variant has read pointers which are incorporated in a frame; - And Figure 12, an example of a retransmitter with a data insertion device.
- a digital transmission system has channels for transmitting audio signals and, associated with these channels, additional channels which are available to users.
- a block diagram of the transmission chain according to the invention is given in FIG. 1. The diagram is constructed around an AES / EBU type interface (technical document 3250 of the European Broadcasting Union and supplement No. 1 to this technical document).
- the transmission system used can transmit all the information of the interface or a only part of this information. First, it is assumed that the entirety of at least one user channel and the most significant bits of the audio signal are multiplexed in the digital transmission network.
- the digital audio information to be transmitted is provided to the AES / EBU standard.
- Additional data for example RDS data, is multiplexed in a user channel of the AES / EBU interface.
- This user channel is formatted according to the AES / EBU standard.
- This formatting is carried out according to the invention by a block synchronization generator SYBG and the data is inserted in packets by an insertion circuit INS known per se and corresponding to the insertion protocol provided for by the above-mentioned AES / EBU standard.
- the digital information to be transmitted INF is introduced at the input of a receiver REC and of a clock extractor CLE.
- the receiver supplies data D to the transmitter EM which transmits in standard AES / EBU in a broadcasting network RD.
- the clock extractor CLE supplies a clock signal H to the transmitter EM and a clock signal SF1 on the one hand to the block synchronization generator SYBG, on the other hand to the frequency generator of the data to be inserted G and finally to an INS inserter.
- a data generator for example according to the RDS standard ("Radio Data System") referenced SRDS receives from the generator G a frequency signal SF2 which generates for the INS inserter on the one hand DRDS data signals and on the other hand CLRDS clock signals.
- the INS inserter provides the EM transmitter with a SHDLC signal to be inserted which is in an HDLC frame (see the above-mentioned standard). It will be noted that the insertion techniques are known per se and are provided for by the aforementioned AES / EBU standard.
- the signals received from the network RD are of the AES / EBU standard and are introduced at an input of a reception circuit RE in which they are demultiplexed and in which a clock signal HREF is generated.
- the reception circuit RE supplies demultiplexed data signals DT to a microcontroller MC and to a SYNDET synchronization detector. It supplies the HREF reference clock signal on the one hand to the SYNDET synchronization detector circuit and on the other hand to the microcontroller MC.
- a SYNDET synchronization detector circuit supplies a SYN block synchronization signal to the microcontroller MC.
- a WG waveform generator receives WDT signals from the microcontroller MC corresponding to the waveforms to be generated.
- the waveform generator WG produces a read signal RD introduced into the microcontroller MC.
- the WG waveform generator produces signals (pilot frequency, carrier sounds, RDS signals) which, thus reconstructed and precisely synchronized, can be directly used with the SYN block synchronization signal to perform, for example, a large FM broadcast broadcast.
- the user channels of the AES / EBU interface are independent of the other transmission channels contained in this interface (digital audio channel, signaling channel).
- a user bit is associated with each audio frequency sample.
- the sampling frequency is Fe
- the blocking of this bit rate is achieved according to the invention so as to restore all the frequencies necessary for the synchronization of the subcarriers useful for the reconstruction, for example of an FM multiplex.
- the RD transport network For a synchronous frequency modulation broadcast, the RD transport network must make it possible to synthesize with precise phase relationships the pilot frequency at 19 kHz, the subcarrier at 38 kHz, and if necessary the RDS subcarrier at 57 kHz as well as RDS information transitions which have a speed of 19/16 kbit / s.
- the user channel On transmission, the user channel is divided into blocks which start with block synchronization ( Figures 2a, 2b and 3).
- This block synchronization makes it possible to easily identify a precise instant in the bit rate which is used to drive the WG waveform generators.
- the pilot frequency at 19 kHz and the two aforementioned subcarriers (38 and 57 kHz) have an integer number of periods every 1/19 ms.
- the RDS information presents an integer number of bits (19) every 16 ms.
- Synchronization is used to identify a precise instant of each of the sinusoidal signals of the pilot frequency and of the subcarriers, and for RDS information to identify a particular bit in 19 x nx bit packets in the 19/16 kbit / bit stream. s.
- the duration of the blocks is chosen such that it is a common multiple of 1/19 ms (pilot and subcarriers) and 16 ms (RDS).
- a length which is particularly suitable for the characteristics of the overall system is 64 ms.
- Such a block is shown in Figure 2a.
- the sampling frequency is 32 kHz
- the block contains 2048 bits.
- Information can be multiplexed in accordance with the standard.
- the beginning of the blocks is identified (SB) by detecting at least 7 successive ones followed by a zero. This start of the block makes it possible to synchronize the waveform generators and constitute identical multiplex signals at all points of the transmission network. This start of the block also makes it possible to synchronize the RDS data.
- the duration chosen above of 64 ms corresponds to 76 RDS bits, which makes it possible to introduce into the first block the first 76 bits of a first RDS frame of 104 bits (26 x 4), in the block following the 28 remaining bits of the first RDS frame and the first 48 bits of the second RDS frame and so on.
- the duration of a block is n x 16 ms which corresponds to n x 19 RDS bits.
- one or more PI, P2 etc data packets are inserted which contain n x 19 bits.
- RDS data is provided by the SRDS data source mentioned above.
- the DTEX data extractor makes it possible to demultiplex the digital data inserted in each of the blocks and to store them in the memory of the MC microcontroller.
- the WG sine wave generators are phase locked on the SB block synchronization.
- the SRDS waveform generator must code with the same phase, the same bit, at the different broadcast points, the time reference being the distributed bit rate.
- the RDS bits received in a block N are broadcast for the duration of the next block N + 1.
- the RDS bits referenced PNRDS of the previous block N are available in a memory of the FIFO first in / first out type and arranged in order.
- the FIFO memory can have a size corresponding to the RDS bits of p successive blocks.
- the RDS bits referenced PNRDS of block N are available at the start of the block (N + p).
- Block synchronization makes it possible to precisely identify the output instant of the first bit received in the preceding block N and to transmit it at a precise instant relative to block synchronization, namely at the end of the block synchronization signal.
- the first bit of the RDS packet contained in block N is used by the waveform generator WG from the start of the block
- the RDS information which is used by the RDS block generator is the same throughout the network relative to the block synchronization of the user channel.
- the PNRDS data packet constituting the first packet inserted in block N is read at a rate such that the 76 bits which it comprises occupy the entire duration (64 ms) of the block (N + 1), thus restoring the continuity of the RDS frames.
- the data signal broadcast according to the RDS standard uses a marked two-phase code which includes a transition in the middle of the bit cell when "1" is transmitted. This system therefore has a phase ambiguity.
- Pre-coding is performed on transmission. It consists in transmitting RDS information to NRZ-M, the precoding being such that the phase of the NRZ signal is changed each time the RDS data value to be transmitted is equal to 1.
- the RDS clock signal H at 19/16 kHz is synchronized from the block synchronizations mentioned above, and the modulating RDS signal is the result of an exclusive signal between the NRZ-M signal and the clock signal H .
- digital audio channels are transported in other multiplexes which are used for example for reduced flow systems. This may involve, as shown in FIG. 6, in a manner known per se, an AUDCOMP compression of the audio and UICOMP information of the user channels before sending, with other signals, in an ST transmission system, for example in a system 2 Mbit / s transport such as G 704 from the French Post and Telecommunications Administration.
- the signal undergoes, in a manner known per se, an expansion at AUDEXP, and an expansion of the user channels UIEXP.
- the digital data stream is divided into frames which contain audio information INF and user bits UI, the start of the frame being identified by a frame alignment word VT.
- a frame contains a constant number of bits n, for example, 6400 bits ( Figure 7).
- the information field INF inside this frame thus contains audio information and user information UI. This set of information can be multiplexed with other data.
- the frame locking word VT and the bit clock allow the information contained in the frame to be demultiplexed simply (FIG. 5).
- the user bits UI are organized into an independent channel and managed in the same way as the user channels of the AES / EBU interface, but with a lower bit rate (2 kbit / s for example). This implies in particular in the audio system that the RDS signal contained in the frames transmits only the modifications of the RDS signal to be broadcast, resulting in a significant reduction in the bit rate, the RDS data being, by nature, very repetitive.
- the synchronization of the blocks is chosen to fulfill the same conditions as in the previous case when possible. This duration is chosen such that the start of the blocks makes it possible to enslave in phase all the remarkable frequency signals to be found (pilot frequency, subcarriers, RDS frequency) so that the first bit of each block is always found in the same place in the frames of the transport system.
- This duration is chosen such that the start of the blocks makes it possible to enslave in phase all the remarkable frequency signals to be found (pilot frequency, subcarriers, RDS frequency) so that the first bit of each block is always found in the same place in the frames of the transport system.
- pilot frequency, subcarriers, RDS frequency pilot frequency, subcarriers, RDS frequency
- the synchronization word can thus serve as a reference for synchronizing the waveform generators for the sinusoids at 19, 38 and 57 kHz which are synthesized from a read-only memory which contains the value of the different samples necessary for the creation of these sinusoids.
- the synchronization word serves as read-only memory pointer at the start of the next synchronization word.
- RDS information is repetitive. They are organized into four 26-bit frames that can repeat every 104 bits. These 104 bits are considered a complex waveform which is read into memory at the appropriate rate.
- the synchronization words serve as previously as a memory read pointer.
- the change of RDS information can be done at a slower rate and is activated at the start of 104-bit blocks when the new RDS block has been created. These changes are made in 26-bit frames. There is indeed a cyclic redundancy check signal CRC per 26-bit frame. The bit rate on the distribution network is thus reduced by transmitting only the RDS information which changes. According to FIGS.
- the clock extractor CLE receives the signal INF according to the AES / EBU standard and produces a signal SF1 of frequency 32 kHz introduced into the generator G of data frequency as well as into a frequency divider by 2048 DIV constituting the aforementioned SYBG circuit.
- the frequency generator G generates a signal SF2 at 19 kHz which is introduced into the RDS data generator SRDS.
- the signal SF1 is also introduced into a microcontroller MCI (for example 8044 from the company INTEL) which constitutes the inserter INS.
- the DIV frequency divider divides the signal SF1 by 2048 to produce a recurring SYN synchronization signal every 64 ms.
- the RDS data generator SRDS produces DRDS data signals and a CLRDS clock signal at 19 kHz to allow the MCI microcontroller to produce the SHDLC signal according to an HDLC frame to be inserted into the signals of the EM transmitter according to the AES standard. / EBU.
- a standard HDLC frame comprises a flag at the start of frame DR, an address AD, a control byte CO, an information field INF, cyclic redundancy check bits CRC and an end frame flag DR '.
- the synchronization signal SYN is present at the head of the block in the form of a pattern comprising at least seven successive "1s", followed by a "0", each block possibly comprising a plurality of frames.
- the rate of the SYN signal makes it possible to transmit blocks of 2048 bits at a bit rate of 32 kbit / s.
- the CLRDS signal allows for the same duration the accumulation of 76 RDS bits.
- the RDS frame can be located at the start of the SHDLC signal block, and it is inserted according to the AES / EBU protocol.
- the reception synchronization is carried out as follows.
- the AES / EBU formatted signals supplied by the distribution network from the signals transmitted at the head of the network in the EM transmitter are introduced on the one hand to the input of the receiver circuit RE.
- the receiver circuit RE supplies a data signal DT and a reference clock signal HREF which are both introduced, on the one hand at inputs of the synchronization detection circuit SYNDET and on the other hand at inputs of a serial interface circuit SIU associated with a central unit CPU of a microcontroller MC2 (for example 8044 from the company "INTEL").
- the central processing unit CPU also receives the synchronization signal SYN generated by the SYNDET circuit.
- the microcontroller MC2 generates for a memory of the sequential shift type FIFOl on the one hand a reset signal RS and on the other hand a write signal WR.
- the FIFOl memory makes it possible to avoid the microcontroller having to manage each bit of the RDS signals.
- Signals corresponding to the RDS user channel are supplied by the microcontroller MC2 to the memory FIFO1 via a bus BUS1.
- the FIFOl memory receives a read signal RD and generates DRDS signals of RDS data as well as a signal EF to indicate to the microcontroller MC2 that the FIFOl memory is empty.
- the signal EF indicates that the operation of reading the preceding block by the memory is complete.
- the microcontroller MC2 then generates a reset signal RS from the memory FIFO1, then a write signal WR.
- the microcontroller MC2 verifies that the signals SYN and EF arrive at the same time, and if not it forces the reset to zero RS of the memory FIFO1.
- a decoder DEC of the RDS data receives from the microcontroller MC2 a DRDS signal from RDS data. It generates a read signal CLRDS RD for the memory FIFOl.
- the decoder DEC supplies data and addresses to a signal processor DSP via a bus BUS2.
- the signal processor DSP receives from the SYNDET circuit the synchronization signal SYN and from the receiver RE a signal of sampling frequency FECH (for example a multiple of HREF in particular 256 kHz for HREF at 32 kHz).
- the signal processor DSP delivers on a bus BUS3 the digital signals corresponding to the RDS data.
- the decoder DEC also includes a programmable memory PROM in which waveforms are stored and the operation of which will now be described with regard to the generation of RDS waves.
- the DSP signal processor (for example a 56001 microcontroller from MOTOROLA) is programmed to generate addresses cyclically, for example according to a twelve-bit code A0 ... Ail to cyclically address the twelve least significant address bits PROM programmable memory. When the highest address is obtained, the account is reset.
- the SYN synchronization signal also resets the aforementioned count to zero. As long as the synchronization is correct, the two abovementioned resets are concomitant.
- the Ail bit When resetting, the Ail bit changes value. Its detection therefore makes it possible to generate a relevant synchronization signal SY even if the SYN signal is not present at each period.
- the Garlic bit also changes value when the counter reaches half the maximum count.
- the signal SY therefore has a frequency equal to that of the signal RDS (timing diagram of FIG. 10b).
- the three most significant address bits A12, A13, A14 of the PROM memory are addressed using the RDS data so as to reconstruct the RDS analog signals completely and with the right phase.
- the decoder DEC is clocked by clock signals CLK at a frequency which is a multiple of 19 kHz and which corresponds to the reading clock frequency of the programmable memory PROM which contains waveforms sampled and prerecorded in digital form .
- a D D flip-flop B10 receives the most significant bit Ail of the aforementioned counter constituting the signal SY and the signal CLRDS is obtained from the inverting output of the flip-flop BIO (exclusive OR gate 30, one input of which is grounded). This signal is used to control the reading RD of the memory FIFOl.
- the FIFOl memory delivers the DRDS signals of RDS data to the data input D of a flip-flop B0 of type D whose data output Q (point A) is connected to the data input D of a flip-flop Bl cascaded in the same way by its Q output (point B) with a flip-flop B2 whose Q output delivers a phase signal (0) to the address input A14 of the PROM memory (most significant bit).
- the signals present at points A and B are introduced at the inputs of an exclusive OR gate 10 whose output (point C) attacks the input D of a flip-flop B3 cascaded by its output (point E) with a flip-flop B4 whose output Q (point F) is connected to input A13 (weight bit immediately below bit A14).
- the non-inverting output Q of the flip-flop D3 (point E) is connected to the address input A12 (bit of weight immediately lower than bit A13 of the PROM memory.
- FIG. 10b The timing of the signals at points A, B, C, E and F and of the phase signal (0) is represented in FIG. 10b.
- the phase signal (0) makes it possible precisely to discriminate the phase in the NRZ-M code mentioned in FIG.
- the outputs D0 ... D7 of the PROM memory thus provide the samples corresponding to the reconstituted curve of RDS data represented by way of example at the bottom of FIG. 10b in correspondence with the timing diagrams of the signals.
- the program of the DSP processor forces the counter d onnant addresses A0 ... Garlic to a given account, for example a 0 account when the signal SYN synchronization indicates the start time of a synchronization.
- the detection of the bit Ail (signal SY) and the subsequent generation of the signal CLRDS initializes if necessary is the reading of the memory FIFO1 and therefore synchronizes perfectly in time, without phase ambiguity, the signal RDS.
- a synchronization is shown in the substantially complicated case of an RDS signal comprising data for which an address decoding is necessary to address different pages or different sub-blocks of the programmable memory PROM.
- the same principle is applicable without such decoding for the generations of signals of pilot frequencies and of subcarriers for which it suffices to implement a cyclic counter as mentioned above which is managed directly by the DSP processor and which is reset to zero (or to a given account) when the SYN synchronization signal indicates the moment of synchronization for these signals.
- the cyclic counter can be reset to a variable account, which makes it possible to obtain other frequencies.
- the SYN signal is followed by an address signal indicating to which account the cyclic counter must be delivered.
- the DSP processor cyclically addresses a plurality of PROM memories (or a larger PROM memory capacity) with synchronization by the SYN signal so as to initialize for example at zero level and with the same phase all the signals (pilot frequency, subcarriers, and possibly RDS signals) at the time of synchronization.
- the SYNDET circuit is a shift register with eight outputs, the first seven outputs as well as the eighth inverted output attacking a multiple inverting AND gate 20.
- the functional link between the memory FIFO1 and the decoder DEC is the same as previously, on the other hand the RDS data which is decoded to address the programmable memory PROM (FIG. 10a) is taken from a memory MEM (which can be the RAM RAM of the microcontroller MC2) updated each time that the RDS data (104 bits) is modified, and which is read by a cyclic counter generated by the microcontroller MC2).
- the SYN synchronization signal corresponds for example to a count 0 of the cyclic counter, for the next block, the count must be different because 608 is not divisible by 104 (corresponding to the 104 bits of information RDS stored in MEM memory). The remainder of the division of 608 by 104 is 88.
- the synchronization signal SYN therefore corresponds to the count 88 of the cyclic counter for the block which follows it, 72 and so on.
- an ADR address packet is added to the SYN signal to obtain a pointer enabling the cyclic counter of the microcontroller MC2 to be managed.
- the microcontroller MC2 as soon as it receives the signal SYN, decodes in the data DT the address packet ADR which gives directly or indirectly the account to be entered in the cyclic counter for the start of the next block.
- the synchronization signal SYN and its associated address packet ADR need not be present at the start of each block. It is sufficient that it is present from time to time because its function is to verify that the synchronization is working properly.
- the presence of the pointer allows operation with blocks whose length can vary from one block to another.
- the pointer is particularly advantageous for the pointer to be added phase information, for example example to allow direct verification of the parity of a signal such as an RDS signal.
- FIG. 12 represents a re-transmitter presenting a receiver REC according to signals of the standard AES / EBU and a transmitter ' REM to re-transmit signals to the standard AES / EBU and a data inserter controlled by a clock CLR at 32 kHz to insert RDS signals.
- any RDS data can be carried out at the head of the network or downstream in a network retransmitter, as shown in Figure 12.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Reduction Or Emphasis Of Bandwidth Of Signals (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9204914A FR2690593B1 (fr) | 1992-04-22 | 1992-04-22 | Procede de synchronisation d'au moins une composante d'un signal multiplex. |
FR9204914 | 1992-04-22 | ||
PCT/FR1993/000390 WO1993021701A1 (fr) | 1992-04-22 | 1993-04-21 | Procede de transmission et/ou de synchronisation d'au moins une composante d'un signal multiplex |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0637412A1 true EP0637412A1 (fr) | 1995-02-08 |
EP0637412B1 EP0637412B1 (fr) | 1996-10-02 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93911809A Expired - Lifetime EP0637412B1 (fr) | 1992-04-22 | 1993-04-21 | Procede de transmission et/ou de synchronisation d'au moins une composante d'un signal multiplex |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0637412B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE143755T1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ283195B6 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69305161T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0637412T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2095055T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2690593B1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HU218537B (fr) |
PL (1) | PL171834B1 (fr) |
SK (1) | SK279753B6 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993021701A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2659181B1 (fr) * | 1990-03-02 | 1994-01-14 | France Telediffusion | Procede de synchronisation d'emetteurs dans un reseau de diffusion radiophonique. |
-
1992
- 1992-04-22 FR FR9204914A patent/FR2690593B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-04-21 DK DK93911809.7T patent/DK0637412T3/da active
- 1993-04-21 AT AT93911809T patent/ATE143755T1/de active
- 1993-04-21 ES ES93911809T patent/ES2095055T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-21 PL PL93305204A patent/PL171834B1/pl unknown
- 1993-04-21 HU HU9402954A patent/HU218537B/hu unknown
- 1993-04-21 CZ CZ942611A patent/CZ283195B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-21 DE DE69305161T patent/DE69305161T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-21 WO PCT/FR1993/000390 patent/WO1993021701A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1993-04-21 SK SK1280-94A patent/SK279753B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-21 EP EP93911809A patent/EP0637412B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9321701A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69305161D1 (de) | 1996-11-07 |
EP0637412B1 (fr) | 1996-10-02 |
DK0637412T3 (fr) | 1997-03-17 |
FR2690593A1 (fr) | 1993-10-29 |
FR2690593B1 (fr) | 1995-06-30 |
CZ261194A3 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
DE69305161T2 (de) | 1997-02-13 |
HU9402954D0 (en) | 1995-02-28 |
SK128094A3 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
CZ283195B6 (cs) | 1998-01-14 |
ATE143755T1 (de) | 1996-10-15 |
ES2095055T3 (es) | 1997-02-01 |
WO1993021701A1 (fr) | 1993-10-28 |
PL171834B1 (pl) | 1997-06-30 |
SK279753B6 (sk) | 1999-03-12 |
HUT68209A (en) | 1995-06-28 |
HU218537B (hu) | 2000-10-28 |
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