EP0635088B1 - Panneaux de construction et batiments realises avec ceux-ci - Google Patents

Panneaux de construction et batiments realises avec ceux-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0635088B1
EP0635088B1 EP93908025A EP93908025A EP0635088B1 EP 0635088 B1 EP0635088 B1 EP 0635088B1 EP 93908025 A EP93908025 A EP 93908025A EP 93908025 A EP93908025 A EP 93908025A EP 0635088 B1 EP0635088 B1 EP 0635088B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
panels
building
face sheets
secured
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93908025A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0635088A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Leonard Bailey
George Michael Connolly
Donald Stanley Passey
Andrew Stephen Thomas Evans
Michael Steven Andrew Balla-Goddard
Andrew Francis Denny
Philip Godfrey Harrison
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
    • E04B1/4178—Masonry wall ties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
    • E04B1/6183—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with rotatable locking means co-operating with a recess

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to buildings and in particular to a building panel for use in constructing buildings.
  • WO-A-89/11573 describes a panel having a pair of face sheets and a sandwiched insulating material that is not rigid; this panel is unsuitable for use as a load-bearing wall.
  • US-A-4 712 352 describes a load-bearing composite panel having a pair of face sheets and a sandwiched insulating foam.
  • US-A-2 131 268 describes a building having a rigid structural framework, for example of steel studs, and prefabricated panels fixed between the studs to provide the walls of the building.
  • load-bearing panel means a panel capable of withstanding compressive forces between the top and the bottom surfaces of at least 5 kN/m and preferably at least 10 kN/m; generally we aim at providing a panel capable of withstanding a compressive force of about 20 to 30 kN/m.
  • the panel of the present invention is composite in nature, that is to say the face sheets adhere to, and therefore interact with, the insulating material to produce a panel having composite strength greater than that of the individual parts.
  • This is to be distinguished from known case concrete building panels that includes an internal layer of insulating material since there is no structural interaction between the insulating material and the concrete and so such a panel acts as a laminar body and not a composite body.
  • the parts of the panel of the present invention also interact; for example, the insulating material isolates the connecting member from the high temperature of the fire while the connecting member prevents the face sheet next to the fire from buckling under the effect of the fire, thereby isolating the insulating material from the fire and also maintaining the structural integrity of the panel.
  • the face sheets are rigid boards (for example particle boards, cement particle boards, glass fibre reinforced cement boards, cellulose reinforced gypsum boards, crushed slate boards and resin boards; suitable boards are available under the trade names SUPALUXTM, MONOLUXTM, PANELCRETETM, VIROCTM and PYROCTM); it is advantageous that the boards can take and retain fixings, for example nails, screws or staples; also the boards are preferably capable of being bonded to other panels or to other building elements or items by adhesive or foam injection.
  • the face sheets can be made of wood, plastics material or metal.
  • the face sheets are preferably thermally insulating and should not be made of readily combustible material.
  • the face sheets may be treated with a fire-retardant paint to enhance the fire resistance of the panel, or may have a fire-retardant added to its composition.
  • the insulating material may be a rigid organic or inorganic foam, for example a foamed polyurethane or FOAMGLASTM (which is a cellular inorganic material).
  • the panel is preferably made by foaming a polymer in situ between the face sheets and the materials used are advantageously such that the foam adheres directly to the board naturally so that no adhesive is required between the foam and the face sheets (as is the case of cement particle board and the polyurethane).
  • the insulating material and the face sheets may be joined e.g. by adhesive or mechanically for example using a Velcro-type fastening arrangement.
  • the connecting means is preferably heat- and fire-resistant and it is most preferably metallic, although other materials, e.g. steel carbon fibre, fibre glass, glass, plastics, impregnated board or laminated timber, may be used.
  • the connector must provide rigid connection between the face sheets that resists relative displacement of the face sheets both within the plane of the panel and our of the plane of the panel.
  • the connector means is preferably elongate and more preferably vertically disposed within the panel. More particularly, the connecting means may be a stud of an "I", "C” or "Z" shaped-section: it may be solid, hollow, or of box or honeycomb construction.
  • the connecting means plays an important function in maintaining the strength of the panel in the case of fire. It not only prevents the face-sheet delaminating from the insulating material and but also connects the two face sheets and so maintains the structural integrity of the panel which thus retains its composite structure and composite properties.
  • Each panel may include more than one connecting member, the number of members in each panel depending on the size and the shape of the members, and the size of the panel. When the connecting means is in the form of a stud, there would generally be one, two or three such members.
  • the connecting members may include openings either in the members themselves (by providing holes in the members) or between the members and the face sheets (for example by making the sides of the members abutting the face sheets as a castellated configuration) to assist the even distribution of foam to the panel.
  • the connecting means may themselves provide secondary load-bearing capacity, i.e. when the load-bearing capacity of a composite panel as a whole is somehow impaired, e.g. through fire.
  • the connecting means can extend vertically from the top to the bottom of the panel but may be in some other structural configuration.
  • the profiled shape of the opposed sides will generally be of complementary male/female shape, thus the profiles may be of intermeshing toothed shape (e.g. rectangular or triangular teeth), wavy shape or tongue-and-groove shape.
  • the profile may include an intumescent material, e.g. the tongue and/or the groove in a tongue-and-groove profile may be made of intumescent material, to provide additional sealing action in the case of fire.
  • the opposed sides may be made of or include resilient material to provide an air-tight seal when adjacent panels are joined together.
  • the means of securing panels together should not only connect the adjacent panels together but also draw them together to make an air-tight seal.
  • the securing means is preferably a lock fitted in the side of one panel that can engage a corresponding member in an adjacent panel to secure the two panels together.
  • Particularly preferred are cam-action locks which are customarily used for securing together cladding panels used on the outside of buildings. These locks not only engage adjacent members but also pull them together when appropriately fitted.
  • Such locks are known in the building industry, for example type 1172 or 1175 panel fasteners manufactured by Kason Hardware (UK) Limited of Bilston, West Midlands. United Kingdom.
  • the lock may be any other type of fixing, such as a tapered bolt or a screw connector, that draws the panels together to form an airtight seal between adjacent panels.
  • the main benefit of the building panel of the present invention is that it can be used to construct a building cheaply and simply without having to provide a structural frame.
  • a building comprising a foundation, a plurality of walls enclosing a space within the building, the walls being formed partly or wholly from panels as defined above whose opposed sides are secured together, means secured to the foundation for holding the bases of the panels, means for holding the tops of the panels and a roof structure supported on the walls, wherein the walls made of the said panels form the, or part of the, structural frame of the building.
  • the joints between adjacent panels are the parts most prone to damage by fire. They are preferably protected in use by a layer of fire-resistant material, e.g. plasterboard.
  • a plasterboard cladding over the whole of the inner face of a wall made out of panels of the present invention also improves the decorative finish of the room.
  • a vapour barrier may be included between the plasterboard and the panel that, in the case of fire, assists in keeping water vapour within the room where it assists in damping the fire.
  • the panels may also be connected together to form other building elements, for example floors and ceilings and roofing panels. In the latter case, the panels could be supported by trusses and/or purlins and would avoid the need to provide rafters. When used as a roof, the panels should have a weatherproof outer surface, e.g. a covering of tiles or roofing felt.
  • the building can be single-storey or multi-storey and in the latter case, each storey is preferably formed by a row of panels as described above.
  • the building panels can be incorporated into a building in which a number of different materials are used to form, not only the roof and the floors, but also the walls of the building.
  • a number of different materials are used to form, not only the roof and the floors, but also the walls of the building.
  • only one skin of the outer wall of the building may be made of the above-described building panels, the other skin being made of traditional materials such as brick, breeze-blocks, etc.; in such a construction, the panels will form at least part of the load-bearing part of the wall.
  • These floors can be a variety of different materials such as timber in cassette form, precast concrete or lightweight in situ concrete poured into a pressed metal form, or a pressed metal deck and pressed metal beams.
  • the means for holding the bases and the tops of the panels are each preferably of channel shape, the channel fitting onto the bottom or top (respectively) of the panels.
  • the channels may extend merely over the joint between adjacent panels but are more preferably of greater length extending over at least two (and preferably more) panels.
  • a damaged panel can be replaced relatively simply by stripping off any internal fire-resistant material to reveal the damaged panel, undoing the securing means and cutting out or lifting out the damaged panel.
  • One or more new panel(s) may then be inserted into the wall in its place; the channeling holding the top and bottom of the original damaged panel will often have to be replaced too.
  • One advantage of the present invention is that it is possible to provide a complete building in kit form that can be readily transported to a site and erected quickly; this has obvious applications in disaster relief but it also finds general application in the provision of cheap housing of good quality.
  • kits for forming a building as defined above comprising a plurality of panels as defined above, that can be secured together to form walls, means (e.g. foot plates) for securing to the foundation of a building for holding the bases of the panels, means (e.g. head plates) for holding the tops of the panels and a roof structure.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a partly constructed building using panels of the present invention.
  • the building consists of foundations 10 to which are secured by means of bolts 12 (see Figure 2) foot plates in the form of lengths of galvanised steel channelling 14, the channelling extending along the whole length of the building.
  • Panels 16 are fitted into the channelling.
  • Adjacent panels are secured to one another by locks 18 which will be described in further detail below. Once the panels have been secured together by the locks, they are secured to the channelling by means of screws 20 (see Figure 2) and in this way a wall can be quickly and easily constructed from prefabricated panels.
  • head plate 22 in the form of a channel are placed over the panels and secured thereto by screws 24 (see Figure 3), passing through the sides of the channel 22 into the panels 16.
  • standard roofing trusses may be secured to the walls using standard building techniques and subsequently standard roofing felt and roofing materials are applied to finish the building.
  • Windows and doors may be formed by joining adjacent panels 26,28 by short, narrow, panel parts 30,32 that are joined to panels 26,28 by standard locks 18.
  • the panel parts 30,32 contain no connecting members.
  • a section of the two adjacent panels 26,28 is then cut out, as shown in Figure 1, and a length of plasterboard 33 secured around the perimeter of the widow opening except for the lower surface, where a sillboard is secured.
  • a window frame 34 may be then secured in the opening.
  • Doors may be constructed in a similar way but in this case, bottom panel 32 is omitted.
  • Figure 4 A detailed view of a window opening is shown in Figure 4, which is described below.
  • a cladding of bricks 36 may be provided, which is secured to the panels 16 by wall ties 39 (see Figure 9) slidable in channelling 38 that in turn is screwed to the outside of panels 16.
  • wall ties 39 see Figure 9
  • Other facings such a stone or wood may be used instead of the brick.
  • the outsides of the panels may be left unclad.
  • cement particle board in forming the panels of the present invention is that it is completely inert and water-proof and requires no further conditioning to prevent its deterioration from weather conditions or to render it water-proof.
  • a damp-proof course may not be required since the foot plate acts also as a damp-proof course. If a separate damp-proof course is required, this can be achieved by applying a liquid water-proofing product to a concrete base and a continuous membrane 11 (see Figure 2) being laid over this (a Hiload polymer d.p.c. is suitable for the membrane). If the base is made of brick, only a membrane is required.
  • An expanding self-adhesive cellular foam strip or mastic sealant can be applied to the front and rear sides of the channelling 14 to prevent water coming into contact with the base of the panel and to accommodate any irregularities in the surface of the concrete.
  • Water-proof jointing of the channel sections 14 is achieved using mastic sealants; also channel sections 14 are laid in such a way that the joints in the channel sections do not correspond with vertical panel joints so that moisture cannot enter the panels through a joint in the channel sections.
  • foot and head plate channels 14 and 22 extend over the width of several panels 16; this has the advantage that if the foundations are not exactly smooth or if they are not exactly level, the foot plate channels 14 can be placed on the foundations and, if necessary, packing may also be provided below the channels so that the channels are horizontal. In this way, a horizontal surface is provided for the panels 16.
  • the head plate channel 22 distributes the load of the roof or intermediate floors, if any, over several panels and thereby prevents one panel from becoming unduly stressed: this is particularly important when providing openings for doors and windows since the force exerted by the roof or the intermediate floor(s) on panel 30 above the window shown in Figure 1 is distributed over adjacent wall panels 26, 28.
  • the lintel being a further lintel channel section that overlies the top of the panel above the window or door opening and extends over the panel immediately adjacent to the opening by a distance of approximately 300mm on each side.
  • a sealant is applied to the exterior joints of the panels either where they are decorated as a stand alone product or where they form the internal skin of a cavity construction.
  • the nature of the sealant will depend on the environment in which the building is situated, the construction of the building and the decorative products used.
  • the building shown in Figure 1 is a single-storey building but the present invention is not limited to single-storey buildings and multi-storey buildings may be constructed, as shown in Figure 5, which is a broken-away view through a wall of a multi-storey building.
  • the ground floor of a multi-storey building is formed in the same way as described above in connection with Figure 1, except that, instead of the roof, a timber cassette floor or concrete floor (which may either be precast or cast in situ ) or pressed metal floor is laid on top of the ground floor panel.
  • a strip of cement particle board 49 is placed on the outside of the floor cavity above the ground floor panel and the floor includes timber joists 48 supported on the panel of the ground floor; the ends of the joists abut the strip 49; noggins of wood 51 are secured between adjacent joists, while the joists themselves are secured to the panels using known joist straps 53.
  • the reference number 55 indicates insulation.
  • channels 14 are then secured to the joists 48 and noggins 51, optionally with packing 57 provided to ensure that the channels 14 are level.
  • the second storey is constructed in the same way as the first storey.
  • Plasterboard 52 can be secured to the joists 48 to form the ceiling of the first storey and, if required, standard flooring tongue-and-groove boards 54 can be secured to the joists to finish the floor of the second storey.
  • a top plate channel 22 (see Fig 1) is secured on the top of the panel 16 of the second storey (assuming that the building is of two storeys) and trussed rafters 156 may be secured to the panels 16 using standard building techniques (see Figure 5).
  • plasterboard 52 The internal walls of the building are provided with plasterboard 52 not only to improve its appearance but also to provide protection against fire, as described below.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown a horizontal section through a panel 16.
  • the panel is made of two skins 56 of cement particle board (for example 8mm thick Viroc cement particle board from S.B.B.C. of Morceux, France) and a layer of foamed polyurethane 58, which is 70 mm thick, sandwiched therebetween.
  • Vertical "I" section metallic studs 60 are incorporated in the panel and extend throughout its length. Screws 64 pass through the boards 56 into the flanges of stud 60.
  • one side 66 of each panel is formed as a male edge with a projection 68 that can fit into a recess 70 of an adjacent panel. Also included in the side 66 of the panel is a lock 72 that can engage a rebate 74 in the recess 70 of an adjacent panel to hold adjacent panels together.
  • the lock and rebate 72, 74 will be described in greater detail below.
  • the panels may be formed as follows: one face sheet of cement particle board is loaded into a jig having a base and four short walls. Studs are placed on top of the face sheet in their final intended locations, and locks and rebates 72 and 74 for the panel are held by the jig walls in their final intended locations.
  • the jig is mounted on the base of a press, e.g. an oyster press, and a further face sheet is placed in the top of the press.
  • Precursors for an polyurethane foam e.g. Elastopar UK H 1326/5 supplied by Elastogram U.K. Limited, of Somercotes, Derby, United Kingdom, are mixed and sprayed into the jig.
  • the press is closed and the panel is cured for approximately ten minutes (it will be appreciated that the walls of the jig retain the foam in the space between the face sheets).
  • the panel is removed from the jig and the face sheets are secured to the studs by means of self-tapping fasteners 64 driven through the face sheets into the studs.
  • the sandwich construction of the panels 16 provides highly efficient thermal insulation.
  • Plasterboard for example fire-resistant plasterboard 52 such as Redland Firecheck (obtainable from Redland Plasterboard Limited of Horsham, Hampshire, U.K.) is secured to the panels by means of screws 78 that are held by flanges 62 of studs 60 as shown in the left-hand section of Figure 7.
  • the plasterboard 52 covers the joint 80 between adjacent panels and not only masks this joint but also prevents the edges of the panels 16 being exposed to heat through the joint 80 in the event of fire.
  • a vapour barrier 84 is provided underneath the plasterboard 52, particularly in the area of the joint 82.
  • the joint 82 between sections of plasterboard and joint 80 between panels should never coincide since that would detract from the fire resistance of the building.
  • the plasterboard need not abut the panels 16 but may be spaced apart, as shown in Figure 9, where service ducts 103 are located between the plasterboard 52 and the panel 16 for electricity cables, telephone lines, water pipes and/or gas pipes.
  • Figure 8 shows a lock 72 and a rebate 74 used for securing adjacent panels together.
  • the lock 72 incudes a pivotable hook 86 that can be turned by an allen key inserted into hexagonal hole 88.
  • the rebate 74 includes a pin 90 that can be engaged by the hook 86 to hold the adjacent panels together.
  • Figure 8b shows the arrangement when the lock 72 is engaged with the rebate 74. The cam lock is so arranged that, once the hook 86 is engaged on the pin 90 turning of the allen key will draw the panels together.
  • Corners between walls may be formed by separate corner panels each having flat, i.e. unprofiled, edges and with a strip of particle board 56 being removed along the internal face of one panel 100 (see Figure 9) forming the corner and a strip 57 of particle board extending beyond the edge of the other panel 102 so that the two panels can be arranged at right angles to each other with the particle board 56 on each panel abutting as shown.
  • the two panels are secured together by right-angle brackets 104 which may be pushed between the foam and the particle board of each panel (or fixed externally) and secured using screws (not shown) passing through the particle board 56 into the bracket 104.
  • FIG. 4 A detail of a window is shown in Figure 4; an opening is created between panels 32 and 30 forming the base and the top (respectively) of the opening and panels 26 and 28 (see Figure 1), forming the sides of the opening.
  • "U"-shaped brackets 200 are pushed into the exposed edges of the panels between the particle board and the foam and secured in place by screws 202.
  • Plasterboard strips 33 are secured to the top and the sides of the opening with the strips spanning the thickness of the opening; a window sill 206 is secured to cover the bottom of the opening.
  • "L"-shaped brackets 208 are secured to the panels around the outside of the opening and a wooden window frame 34 is secured to the brackets; a double glazed window 212 is fitted in the frame.
  • the window (or door) frame may be fixed directly to the "U"-shaped bracket 200.
  • a lintel 213 extends between the top panel 30 and the opening in the brick facing 36.
  • Weatherproof strip 210 is placed around the frame to provide a waterproof seal between the window frame 34 and the brick facing 36.
  • Cavity barriers 214 are included between the panels and the brick facing to seal the cavity therebetween.
  • a curtain rail 216 is secured above the window.
  • a fire test was performed in accordance with British Standard 476: Part 21:1987, Section 8, on a specimen consisting of three panels of the present invention joined together with cam locks as depicted in Figure 8.
  • Each panel consisted of two 8 mm thick Viroc cement particle boards containing a polyurethane foam filling 70 mm thick and two mild steel I-section studs extending from the top to the bottom surface of the panels and being secured to the face sheets with screws.
  • the panels were covered on one side with 15mm thick Redland Firecheck plasterboard incorporating a vapour barrier fastened to the particle board of that panel.
  • the sample was subjected to a 10 kN/m compressive load applied vertically by six hydraulic rams and spread over the length of the sample by steel channelling.
  • the test was discontinued after 75 minutes: throughout that time the panels withstood the 10kN/m load. After 73 minutes flaming occurred on the unexposed surface of the wall, emanating from a joint and the thermal insulation of the panel was maintained for 73 minutes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Panneau de construction rectiligne ayant une paire de faces opposées, et une paire de côtés (66,70) opposés, le panneau comprenant une paire de feuilles de façade rigides (56) écartées l'une de l'autre et un matériau isolant (58) pris en sandwich entre lesdites feuilles, panneau dans lequel les côtés (66,70) opposés ont chacun une forme profilée pour pouvoir s'apparier avec un côté profilé de façon correspondante d'un panneau adjacent et dans lequel les côtés (66,70) comportent des moyens (72,74) pour les fixer aux côtés de panneaux adjacents, caractérisé en ce que le matériau isolant (58) est rigide et adhère aux feuilles de façade (56), en ce que le panneau est porteur et forme une structure composite et en ce que le panneau comprend des moyens de connexion (60) connectant les feuilles de façade ensemble pour résister à un mouvement relatif entre les feuilles de façade dans le plan du panneau et hors du plan du panneau.
  2. Panneau selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les feuilles de façade (56) sont choisies dans le groupe consistant en les plaques de particules, les plaques de particules liées, les plaques liées renforcées par fibres de verre, les plaques de plâtre renforcé par de la cellulose, les plaques d'ardoise broyée, les plaques de résine, le bois, les matières plastiques ou le métal.
  3. Panneau selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le matériau isolant (58) est choisi dans le groupe consistant en les mousses organiques et inorganiques.
  4. Panneau selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la mousse (58) est choisie dans le groupe consistant en une mousse de polyuréthane et une mousse de verre.
  5. Panneau selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans lequel la mousse (58) est formée in situ entre les feuilles de façade (56) et dans lequel les matériaux utilisés sont tels que la mousse adhère directement aux feuilles de façade (56).
  6. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, dans lequel les feuilles de façade (56) sont des plaques de particules liées et la mousse est une mousse de polyuréthane.
  7. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le moyen de connexion (60) est un élément allongé s'étendant parallèlement aux côtés opposés du panneau et qui est fixé aux feuilles de façade (56).
  8. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel les moyens de connexion (60) sont espacés vers l'intérieur des côtés opposés (66,70).
  9. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel le moyen de connexion (60) est un goujon s'étendant au travers du panneau et qui est fixé aux feuilles de façade (56).
  10. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel le moyen de connexion (60) est écarté vers l'intérieur par rapport aux moyens de fixation (72,74) et dans lequel le moyen de fixation n'est pas fixé au moyen de connexion.
  11. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel le moyen de connexion (10) est noyé dans le moyen d'isolation rigide.
  12. Bâtiment comprenant des fondations (10), une série de murs délimitant un espace au sein du bâtiment, les murs étant formés en tout ou partie de panneaux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dont les côtés opposés (66,70) sont réunis ensemble, le bâtiment comprenant des moyens (14) fixés aux fondations pour maintenir la base des panneaux, un moyen (22) pour maintenir les sommets des panneaux et une structure de toit supportée par les murs, bâtiment dans lequel les murs faits à partir desdits panneaux forment tout ou partie de l'ossature structurale du bâtiment.
  13. Bâtiment selon la revendication 12, qui est de plain-pied.
  14. Bâtiment selon la revendication 12, qui est à étages multiples et dans lequel chaque étage comprend une rangée de panneaux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11.
  15. Bâtiment selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 14, dans lequel les parois intérieures des panneaux sont doublées d'un matériau ignifuge (52).
  16. Ensemble pour former un bâtiment, ledit ensemble comprenant une série de panneaux tels que définis dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, qui peuvent être réunis ensemble pour former des murs, un moyen (14) à fixer aux fondations d'un bâtiment pour maintenir la base des panneaux, un moyen (22) pour maintenir le sommet des panneaux, et une structure de toit.
EP93908025A 1992-04-10 1993-04-08 Panneaux de construction et batiments realises avec ceux-ci Expired - Lifetime EP0635088B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9208015 1992-04-10
GB929208015A GB9208015D0 (en) 1992-04-10 1992-04-10 Building panel and buildings made therefrom
PCT/GB1993/000758 WO1993021406A1 (fr) 1992-04-10 1993-04-08 Panneaux de construction et batiments realises avec ceux-ci

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0635088A1 EP0635088A1 (fr) 1995-01-25
EP0635088B1 true EP0635088B1 (fr) 2000-10-25

Family

ID=10713890

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93908025A Expired - Lifetime EP0635088B1 (fr) 1992-04-10 1993-04-08 Panneaux de construction et batiments realises avec ceux-ci

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0635088B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE197185T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3901593A (fr)
DE (1) DE69329595T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0635088T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2152949T3 (fr)
GB (2) GB9208015D0 (fr)
GR (1) GR3035258T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT635088E (fr)
WO (1) WO1993021406A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA932584B (fr)

Cited By (2)

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US9103116B2 (en) 2013-11-05 2015-08-11 Securus, Inc. Extendable sleeve for poured concrete deck
US10975567B2 (en) 2017-12-21 2021-04-13 Reliance Worldwide Corporation Extendable sleeve for poured concrete deck

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TW350894B (en) * 1994-08-02 1999-01-21 Stylite Kogyo Co Ltd Refractory coating components, building siding panels and the siding structure
AU4318696A (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-07-10 Mary Rowena Ginn Building panels
GB9518274D0 (en) * 1995-09-06 1995-11-08 Cape Durasteel Ltd Fire resistant panel systems
GB2322389A (en) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-26 Peter Goodrick Construction of Stables
DE19713542A1 (de) * 1997-04-02 1998-10-08 Ilkazell Gmbh Zwickau Kaeltete Selbsttragende Verbunddämmplatte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
WO2006039761A1 (fr) * 2004-10-14 2006-04-20 Ozwall Pty Ltd Système de cloison
AU2005294062B2 (en) * 2004-10-14 2011-04-07 Geoff Wyett Partition wall system
CA2618363C (fr) * 2005-08-10 2015-01-27 Jb & Dr O'donnell Plasterers Pty Ltd Panneau non-structurel en plusieurs parties
NL1035719C2 (nl) * 2008-07-18 2010-01-19 Aan De Stegge Roosendaal V O F Lichtgewicht binnenwandsysteem.
WO2010008295A2 (fr) * 2008-07-18 2010-01-21 Jawel Groep B.V. Techniques de construction de préfabriqués
LU91477B1 (fr) * 2008-09-10 2010-03-11 Arcelormittal Dudelange S A Dalle pour plancher technique surélevé
BRPI1008722A2 (pt) * 2009-02-06 2017-03-28 Bpdl Precast Concrete Int Inc sistema de construção para obra
GB201012044D0 (en) * 2010-07-16 2010-09-01 Mckenzie Interior Building Ltd Building panel
CN103206020B (zh) * 2012-01-17 2016-01-06 F顾问株式会社 积层结构体
US9297199B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2016-03-29 Houston Shutters, LLC Frame with fasteners securing aligned members and methods for forming same
DE102014117832A1 (de) * 2014-12-04 2016-06-09 Christian Weidemann Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von Wand- oder/und Deckenbauteilen beim Errichten von Bauten
GB201505735D0 (en) * 2015-04-02 2015-05-20 Conybeare Nigel P Wall system
RU173755U1 (ru) * 2017-03-28 2017-09-11 Виктор Николаевич Мазуров Стеновая панель
CA2999580A1 (fr) 2017-04-03 2018-10-03 Michael John Mabey Composition ignifuge legere et assemblage
DE102017127862A1 (de) * 2017-11-24 2019-05-29 Markus Roth Verbundbauelement
CN109898737A (zh) * 2017-12-11 2019-06-18 北新集团建材股份有限公司 装配式墙体
RU197190U1 (ru) * 2019-10-15 2020-04-09 Мурат Сергеевич Качмазов Многослойная стеновая панель
TWI732382B (zh) * 2019-12-13 2021-07-01 遠東科技大學 以蚵殼建構隔熱牆面之方法
TWI740324B (zh) * 2019-12-25 2021-09-21 遠東科技大學 以蚵殼做為牆體隔熱構造之方法
RU199770U1 (ru) * 2020-03-02 2020-09-21 Мурат Сергеевич Качмазов Многослойная стеновая панель

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DE3315901C2 (de) * 1983-05-02 1995-04-27 Deutsche Heraklith Mehrschicht-Leichtbauplatte
US4712352A (en) * 1985-12-04 1987-12-15 Low R Glenn Modular construction system
DK159830C (da) * 1988-05-18 1991-05-06 Panel Systems Aps Bygningselement, navnlig vaeg- eller loftselement

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9103116B2 (en) 2013-11-05 2015-08-11 Securus, Inc. Extendable sleeve for poured concrete deck
US10975567B2 (en) 2017-12-21 2021-04-13 Reliance Worldwide Corporation Extendable sleeve for poured concrete deck
US11603659B2 (en) 2017-12-21 2023-03-14 Reliance Worldwide Corporation Cap for a tubular sleeve for a concrete structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69329595T2 (de) 2001-05-31
GB9208015D0 (en) 1992-05-27
PT635088E (pt) 2001-04-30
GR3035258T3 (en) 2001-04-30
DE69329595D1 (de) 2000-11-30
DK0635088T3 (da) 2001-02-26
GB9420417D0 (en) 1994-11-30
ES2152949T3 (es) 2001-02-16
ATE197185T1 (de) 2000-11-15
GB2280916B (en) 1995-12-20
EP0635088A1 (fr) 1995-01-25
GB2280916A (en) 1995-02-15
AU3901593A (en) 1993-11-18
ZA932584B (en) 1994-10-13
WO1993021406A1 (fr) 1993-10-28

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