EP0627718A1 - Méthode pour échanger des données sans fil entre un poste fixe et des objets mobiles, en particulier des véhicules - Google Patents

Méthode pour échanger des données sans fil entre un poste fixe et des objets mobiles, en particulier des véhicules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0627718A1
EP0627718A1 EP94107434A EP94107434A EP0627718A1 EP 0627718 A1 EP0627718 A1 EP 0627718A1 EP 94107434 A EP94107434 A EP 94107434A EP 94107434 A EP94107434 A EP 94107434A EP 0627718 A1 EP0627718 A1 EP 0627718A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmission
phase
search area
data exchange
transmitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94107434A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0627718B1 (fr
Inventor
Wilhelm Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Grabow
Felix Dipl.-Ing. Dobias
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0627718A1 publication Critical patent/EP0627718A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0627718B1 publication Critical patent/EP0627718B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station and transceivers on board of objects, in particular vehicles, moving relative to the base station, preferably in lanes, with the aid of an antenna arrangement of the base station, the transmission and / or reception profile of which is electronic an object can be aligned.
  • a method is known from DE 41 07 803 A1.
  • the automatic payment of toll fees is listed as one possible application of the query arrangement described therein. Every vehicle that has to pay a toll fee is equipped with an automatic debiting device, which has a transceiver.
  • the transceiver is activated by a transceiver installed at the toll station and a dialogue is started between the two.
  • the debiting device first books the toll fee and then sends a receipt for it to the transmitting / receiving device of the toll station.
  • a transmit and / or receive profile is generated for each of the vehicles by an antenna arrangement consisting of several individual antenna elements.
  • antennas are provided, the transmission and / or reception profiles of which are fixed to predetermined illumination areas. In this case, there must be an antenna for each lane or for each segment of a lane in which a vehicle is traveling. If the area to be recorded consists of many lanes, a very complex arrangement consisting of many antennas is required.
  • the antenna arrangement consists of several phase-controlled individual antennas which are able to track the transmission and / or reception profiles of the moving vehicles.
  • information about the Location of each vehicle is required. This location information provides induction loops embedded in the street. Obtaining the location information is therefore quite complex and is often also not precise enough, since induction loops can at best be used to estimate the location of the vehicle, but not the position of the transceiver within the vehicle.
  • the problem on which the invention is based is therefore to improve the determination of the location information for a method of the type mentioned at the outset, the cost of additional technical means required being as low as possible.
  • the method of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that, in a first phase, a search area is swept by varying the orientation of the transmission and / or reception profile and checked for response signals from objects, the time of reception of a response signal with the current setting values of the transmission and / or reception profile is correlated for location determination and that in a second phase the transmission and / or reception profile is fixed to a transmission / reception device of a vehicle determined in terms of its location in the search area while the data exchange is being carried out.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the fact that the location information is determined with the antenna arrangement of the base station, a special search phase being provided for the location determination within the method according to the invention, while the actual data exchange takes place in the subsequent second phase.
  • a search process for determining the location and a subsequent data exchange process it is possible to carry out the location determination in a simple manner and very quickly without any significant data exchange and the data exchange then carried out specifically in the second phase, in which the location of the transmitting / receiving device of the object is estimated with sufficient accuracy so that the transmitting and / or receiving profile of the antenna arrangement can be adjusted to this object for the purpose of data exchange.
  • the speed of the object is already estimated during the search process and the tracking is carried out in the second phase on the basis of the estimated speed.
  • the transmission or reception profiles set during the search process can overlap, so that multiple response signals can occur.
  • a good estimate of the location can be made by evaluating the respective signal amplitude received by the antenna arrangement.
  • the accuracy of the location determination in the search phase can be increased in that the search area is swept several times by the transmission and / or reception profile of the antenna arrangement.
  • the repeated sweep of the search area can take place in a different way than a previous sweep, for example with a changed orientation of the transmission and / or reception profile, at a different speed or also by only sweeping over a part of the search area.
  • the repeated sweep is expediently controlled as a function of response signals received during the previous sweep. Since the object continues to move during multiple search processes, the direction of the movement can also be estimated from the response signals. This information can be used advantageously for the tracking process.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 1 is used to detect vehicles 1, which move within a predetermined section 2 of a road and are provided with a transceiver 3, by a base station 4, which spans the road, for example, in a bridge-like manner and with several electronically controllable antennas 5 is provided, which can for example each be assigned to a lane 6.
  • the transceivers 3 of the vehicles 1 are equipped with a processor which, for example, debits a required toll fee from a check card which can be used to store an amount of money.
  • a processor which, for example, debits a required toll fee from a check card which can be used to store an amount of money.
  • each vehicle 1 must be checked to see whether it has debited the required toll.
  • the base station 4 sends out a radio signal, for example a microwave signal, which activates the transmitters of the transceivers 3 of the vehicles 1, so that they send out an acknowledgment signal about the debiting carried out.
  • the base station 4 checks each individual vehicle 1 in the area 2 as to whether an acknowledgment signal has been transmitted. If this is not the case, e.g. B. by photographing the vehicle's license plate and thus the vehicle owner can be determined so that the toll can be collected later by this.
  • the data transmission between the vehicles 1 and the base station 4 takes place in half duplex, i. H. alternately, data is transmitted from base station 4 to vehicles 1 (downlink) and in the opposite direction (uplink).
  • the antennas 5 of the base station 4 send information (eg about the amount to be paid) to the vehicle 1 during the downlink during the data exchange, with each vehicle being assigned its information by means of an identifier.
  • Figure 1 illustrates that the area 2 detectable by the antennas 5 is divided into a search area 7 and a data exchange area 8.
  • the antennas 5 sweep over the part of the search area 7 assigned to them, which can also relate to localizing and overlap areas in the lanes 6 the transceivers 3 of vehicles 1, which are located in the search area 7.
  • the data exchange takes place in the data exchange area 8, the associated antenna 5 remaining fixed to the respective vehicle 1 or its transceiver 3 and possibly being tracked according to the movement of the vehicle 1.
  • the search process can be carried out extremely quickly. It is therefore also possible to repeat search processes, preferably with search strategies changed as a function of received response signals.
  • search strategies changed as a function of received response signals.
  • the data exchange can then be accomplished so quickly that the vehicle is at the maximum possible speeds within the set transmission and / or reception profile of the associated antenna 5 for the entire duration of the data exchange, that is to say remains virtually stationary. But it is possible and advantageous for increasing the reliability to track the transmission and / or reception profile of the respective antenna 5 to the vehicle 1. This is preferably possible with the aid of a speed estimated during the search process and possibly the direction of movement of the vehicle 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows an antenna 5, which consists of a plurality of antenna elements 9. These are connected to a beam shaping network 10, with which the transmission and / or reception profile of the antenna 5 can be set.
  • the output signals of the antenna elements 9 are weighted such that the antenna 5 points to the vehicle 1 for data transmission from it to the base station 4 with its own main receiving lobe.
  • each reception profile is generated by a plurality of antenna elements 9 interconnected to form a radiator group. Each group of emitters then delivers a received signal.
  • the antenna 5 receives signals from vehicles 1 which are in the search area 7 for this antenna 5.
  • a processor 11 derives information about the instantaneous location of the individual vehicles 1 from the received signals X (t) of the individual antenna elements 9.
  • the signals of the individual are in the data exchange phase in the beam shaping network 10 belonging to each antenna 5
  • Antenna elements 9 weighted - that is, the signal phase and / or amplitude of each antenna element 9 is set in such a way that the antenna 5 generates such a directional diagram for each vehicle 1 that a main receiving lobe is aimed at the vehicle 1 in question and that the reception profile in the direction of the other, potentially disruptive vehicles 1 has the highest possible attenuation compared to the main receiving lobe.
  • the phase and amplitude of each reception profile to be set for each antenna element 9 are hereinafter referred to collectively as a complex weight vector w (t).
  • the weighting can be applied to either continuous analog or discrete-time digital antenna reception signals x (t).
  • the switching means for the weighting present in each received signal value are to be implemented.
  • the weightings of individual antenna reception signals x (t) can be changed continuously or only at discrete times.
  • There are as many antennas 5 connected to beam shaping networks 10 as the area 2 detectable by the base station 4 can accommodate at most vehicles 1, so that each vehicle 1 can be assigned its own reception profile.
  • the received signals received by each vehicle 1 and correspondingly weighted in the associated beam shaping network 10 are superimposed in a summer 12 and the sum signal y (t) formed is fed to a receiver 13.
  • the adaptation can be repeated by determining the location during the data exchange (between two uplink transmissions).
  • control signals for the complex weight vectors w (t) are derived from the output signal of the receiver 13 according to a quality criterion.
  • An evaluation circuit determines in connection with the processor 11 from the receiver output signal and possibly the individual signals of the antenna elements 9 z. B. the ratio of the useful signal to the interference signal power, the useful signal being the signal received by that vehicle to which the main receiving lobe should be directed, and interference signals which are signals received by other vehicles, to which areas that are attenuated as much as possible, ideally zeroing, of the reception profile should be directed.
  • the processor 7 determines such complex weight vectors w (t) for the beam shaping network 10 that the main reception lobe and the strongly attenuated areas of the reception profile are aligned, which the maximum the quality signal e (t) leaves.
  • the processor 11 can also receive information about the complex weight vectors w n (t) from neighboring beam shaping networks.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the search process in the search area 7, which belongs to an antenna 5.
  • the circles 15 shown characterize -3 dB contours of the communication zone formed when sweeping over the search area 7 for determining the location. It can be seen that both the search area 7 and the data exchange area 8 are not strictly separated from the corresponding area of an adjacent antenna 5, from which it follows that it makes sense to also include information from the adjacent antennas 5 (and the weight vectors w n (t ) of the neighboring beam forming networks 10) must be taken into account.
  • both the searching and the tracking are carried out in that the transmission and / or reception profile is exclusive is formed in a club-like manner with respect to the reception, so that no direction selection is required with regard to the transmission signals of the fixed station 4.
  • the transmission and / or reception profile is exclusive is formed in a club-like manner with respect to the reception, so that no direction selection is required with regard to the transmission signals of the fixed station 4.
  • a locally defined transmission profile as well as a reception profile can be used in combination.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
EP94107434A 1993-06-01 1994-05-13 Méthode pour échanger des données sans fil entre un poste fixe et des objets mobiles, en particulier des véhicules Expired - Lifetime EP0627718B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4318108 1993-06-01
DE4318108A DE4318108C1 (de) 1993-06-01 1993-06-01 Verfahren zur Durchführung eines drahtlosen Datenaustauschs zwischen einer Feststation und Sende-/Empfangsgeräten

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0627718A1 true EP0627718A1 (fr) 1994-12-07
EP0627718B1 EP0627718B1 (fr) 1998-08-19

Family

ID=6489322

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94107434A Expired - Lifetime EP0627718B1 (fr) 1993-06-01 1994-05-13 Méthode pour échanger des données sans fil entre un poste fixe et des objets mobiles, en particulier des véhicules

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5710566A (fr)
EP (1) EP0627718B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3429366B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE4318108C1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0865004A1 (fr) * 1997-03-13 1998-09-16 Alcatel Système de localisation de transpondeurs pour installation de télépéage autoroutier

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JP3265911B2 (ja) * 1995-05-02 2002-03-18 株式会社デンソー 移動体通信装置
DE19535441A1 (de) * 1995-09-23 1997-03-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Antenne einer Zentralstation eines Punkt-zu-Mehrpunkt-Richtfunksystems
US6812824B1 (en) 1996-10-17 2004-11-02 Rf Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus combining a tracking system and a wireless communication system
AU5426298A (en) 1996-10-17 1998-05-11 Pinpoint Corporation Article tracking system
US5955970A (en) * 1997-05-19 1999-09-21 Denso Corporation On-board electronic device for use in electronic toll collection system
US6657554B1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2003-12-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Road antenna controlled on the basis of receiving rate
US6278935B1 (en) 1999-07-23 2001-08-21 Navigation Technologies Corp. Method and system for providing instructions about tollways with a navigation system
US20040215387A1 (en) 2002-02-14 2004-10-28 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method for transmitting location information on a digital map, apparatus for implementing the method, and traffic information provision/reception system
JP3481168B2 (ja) 1999-08-27 2003-12-22 松下電器産業株式会社 デジタル地図の位置情報伝達方法
JP2001109989A (ja) * 1999-10-07 2001-04-20 Denso Corp 車載装置及び無線通信システム
AU2001265412A1 (en) 2000-06-05 2001-12-17 Transcore Holdings, Inc. Method and apparatus to determine the direction to a transponder in a modulated backscatter communication system
JP5041638B2 (ja) 2000-12-08 2012-10-03 パナソニック株式会社 デジタル地図の位置情報伝達方法とそれに使用する装置
KR100360266B1 (ko) * 2000-12-09 2002-11-09 엘지전자 주식회사 여행 정보 서비스를 위한 교통 정보 시스템 및 그의서비스 방법
JP4663136B2 (ja) 2001-01-29 2011-03-30 パナソニック株式会社 デジタル地図の位置情報伝達方法と装置
JP4749594B2 (ja) * 2001-04-27 2011-08-17 パナソニック株式会社 デジタル地図の位置情報伝達方法
JP4230132B2 (ja) 2001-05-01 2009-02-25 パナソニック株式会社 デジタル地図の形状ベクトルの符号化方法と位置情報伝達方法とそれを実施する装置
EP1850302A1 (fr) * 2006-04-28 2007-10-31 C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni Système pour déterminer la voie de circulation des véhicules sur une chaussée qui en comporte plusieurs
US11225404B2 (en) 2006-12-13 2022-01-18 Crown Equipment Corporation Information system for industrial vehicles
EP3723053B1 (fr) * 2006-12-13 2023-07-05 Crown Equipment Corporation Système de gestion de flotte
US10600256B2 (en) * 2006-12-13 2020-03-24 Crown Equipment Corporation Impact sensing usable with fleet management system
US9984341B2 (en) * 2006-12-13 2018-05-29 Crown Equipment Corporation Information system for industrial vehicles including cyclical recurring vehicle information message
US10013815B2 (en) * 2006-12-13 2018-07-03 Crown Equipment Corporation Information system for industrial vehicles
RU2517334C2 (ru) 2009-08-12 2014-05-27 КРАУН ЭКВАЙПМЕНТ КОРПОРЕЙШН, Корпорация штата Огайо Информационная система для промышленных машин

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EP0401192A1 (fr) * 1989-06-02 1990-12-05 de Baets, Thierry Système de taxation ou péage automatique pour véhicules routiers
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EP0588045A1 (fr) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé pour échanger des données entre une station fixe et des objets en mouvement

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0401192A1 (fr) * 1989-06-02 1990-12-05 de Baets, Thierry Système de taxation ou péage automatique pour véhicules routiers
EP0416692A2 (fr) * 1989-09-04 1991-03-13 Philips Electronics Uk Limited Communication d'informations par radio
EP0588045A1 (fr) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé pour échanger des données entre une station fixe et des objets en mouvement
EP0585718A1 (fr) * 1992-09-03 1994-03-09 MARCONI S.p.A. Système et méthode de détection automatique de véhicules roulants

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0865004A1 (fr) * 1997-03-13 1998-09-16 Alcatel Système de localisation de transpondeurs pour installation de télépéage autoroutier
FR2760849A1 (fr) * 1997-03-13 1998-09-18 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Systeme de localisation de transpondeurs pour installation de telepeage autoroutier
MY120027A (en) * 1997-03-13 2005-08-30 Alsthom Cge Alkatel Transponder tracking system for road toll installation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4318108C1 (de) 1995-01-05
EP0627718B1 (fr) 1998-08-19
JPH0750633A (ja) 1995-02-21
JP3429366B2 (ja) 2003-07-22
US5710566A (en) 1998-01-20
DE59406711D1 (de) 1998-09-24

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