EP0621822A1 - Method, barrel subunits and units, service installations and assembly structures for the fabrication of mouldable products, particularly based on concrete. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the manufacture of moldable products characterized by the integration of molding means (bm1) in optimized rotary structures (1, 5, 7, 9, 12) in the form of modular barrels having at least two sides, barrels provided with and / or associated with means which ensure the regrouping of the main work stations (MP, MT, B, D, NH) so as to assign to the hardening of the molded material a rotary path greater than 270 ° and preferably equal to 360 °, with or without recourse to any means of acceleration of said hardening. The invention relates particularly to the manufacture of concrete products with deferred mold release.

Description

 Process, workshops and barrel factories, service facilities and assembly structures for the manufacture of moldable products, in particular based on concrete. The present invention relates to a process and equipment of the rotary drum type, using deferred demou¬ lage for the manufacture of moldable products, in particular concrete-based products, aimed at improving the concentration, automation and flexibility of the manufacturing process as well as the hardening of the molded material.

There are several so-called "immediate molding" installations which use a rotary circuit for the only hardening phase, a circuit in which the bare products (already demolded) are carried on planks kept horizontal.

There are very few rotary installations which use "deferred demolding", demolding carried out after the curing of the products in the molding means which move themselves in the manufacturing circuit using structures of the rotary drum type.

Known installations of this type have some drawbacks in terms of design and technological organization which limit their productivity and flexibility performance.

Thus, in the document FR 2 060 445 describing structures of the rotary drum type, the main work stations are arranged as follows with respect to said structures:

- concreting at the top;

- demoulding and evacuation of hardened products at the bottom;

- cleaning-oiling of the molds, fitting of the reinforcements and tensioning of the reinforcements, laterally. This distribution of workstations around the periphery of the rotary structure entails the following drawbacks:

- limitation to 180 ^* of the course assigned to hardening;

- immobilization of additional volumes at the lower and lateral levels of the rotating structures;

- imbalance of the rotating structure, one side part being loaded while the other is empty.

In the documents FR 2 442 116 and 2 498 976 also describing structures of the rotary drum type, the course assigned to hardening is increased but only up to 270 ^* , while the immobilization of additional volumes and the imbalance of the rotating structure are preserved. In addition, the lateral release of hardened products is even more difficult than at the bottom.

The object of the invention is essentially to remedy, as far as possible, the aforementioned drawbacks.

To these ends, according to a first of its aspects, the invention proposes a process which is essentially characterized: - in that an enlarged and improved range of molding means and closing lids thereof is integrated into structures rotary and thus forms modular rotary barrels, having at least two sides, capable of promoting the concentration, automation and flexibility of the manufacturing process, on the one hand, by allocating the material to hardening molded (concrete, mortar, plaster, clay, plastic, etc.) with a rotary path greater than 270 ^* and preferably equal to 360 ^* and, on the other hand, by grouping the main work stations according to at least five preferred technology flow solutions general:

. full grouping above the barrels; . grouping split above the barrels and at one or two ends; . split group above and next to the barrels; . complete grouping either at one of the ends of the barrels, or at both; . full grouping next to the barrels. - in that the concentration, automation and flexibility of the manufacturing process are also obtained by implementing an evolving association of rotating barrels and the installation of process-specific easements using structures of optimized assemblies, said association giving rise to "barrel workshops" for the lowest levels of association and to "barrel factories" for the highest levels of association, workshops and factories which in certain cases are made in the form of mobile units by water, rail or road;

- in that the hardening of the molded material, such as concrete, is improved by the joint use of the following operational modes:. assignment to said hardening of a rotary path greater than 270 ^* and in some cases greater than 360 ^* , when the cooling phase is carried out on a secondary barrel of easements, associated with the main barrel;

. regrouping in one place of demolding and concreting operations to reduce thermal shocks on concrete and take advantage of the thermal inertia of molds; . modular transmission of vibrations produced during compaction of concrete all of the molding means filled with concrete, by adjusting the elastic suspension of said molding means; . intensive heat treatment (TTI) of the concrete with complete confinement of the latter in the molding means over a course often equal to a rotation of 360 ^* of the barrels and with, as a result, increased neutralization of the expansion of the gases occluded in the concrete and leakage by evaporation of water molecules essential for quality hydration; . total pluriaxial hydration of the cement molecules due jointly to the change of inclination of the concrete during the 360 ^* rotation of the barrels and to the aforementioned residual vibrations. These five solutions of general technological flow and the lengthening of the course assigned to hardening make it possible to improve the concentration, the automation and the flexibility of the manufacturing process as well as the hardening of the molded material.

The equipment according to the invention overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks by the implementation of an evolving association of rotary barrels and of installation facilities specific to the process, using a few optimized assembly structures, said association giving Birth of "barrel workshops" for the lowest association levels and "barrel factories" for the highest association levels. workshops and barrel factories can be produced both in the form of small mobile units by water, rail or road as in the form of larger fixed or removable units. It is recalled that the process and the equipment according to the invention relate to the manufacture of all moldable products, but to simplify their presentation, the descriptions which follow refer to the production with deferred release of concrete products, especially in prestressed concrete and reinforced concrete.

For the production of concrete products, two families of workshops and barrel factories are proposed: the first family uses "multifunction barrels" associated with servitude installations, ordinary and / or process-specific, in such a way that the main work stations can be grouped together (fitting of the frames, tensioning of the frames, concreting, deferred release, removal of hardened products and cleaning-oiling of the molds) can be carried out according to the first three aforementioned flow solutions general technological process; the second family uses "single-function barrels" associated with ordinary and / or specific facilities for easements so that the abovementioned workstations are grouped together, according to the fourth or fifth solution of general technological flow of the process.

The multifunction barrels of the first family of factories comprise firstly a rotary structure, self-supporting or not with respect to the stressing efforts of the reinforcements (with or without tensioning devices), then secondly means of molding (molds or sets of molds) usually provided with their own compacting means, and thirdly with means for closing said molding means, so that these barrels mainly perform the following functions:

- taking charge of the implementation efforts reinforcement tension in the case of the production of prestressed concrete products;

- The compaction of the concrete in the molding means located horizontally at the top of the barrel; - the displacement of the molding means, filled with concrete and closed, in a rotary hardening circuit of 360 ^* , hardening which takes place with complete pluriaxial hydration and with easy recourse to certain means of acceleration (preheating, ordinary heating , intensive heating, vacuum, repeated vibrations, additives, etc.);

the automatic replacement of the molding means loaded with hardened products in the starting position at the top of the barrel where thereafter are carried out, with obvious facilities, the other main operations (demolding and evacuation of the hardened products, cleaning and oiling the molds, fitting and tensioning the frames).

The single-function barrels of the second family of factories comprise, on the one hand, a lighter rotary structure (because it is no longer required to take charge of the tensioning forces of the reinforcements) and, on the other hand, a series of peripheral niches equipping or forming part of said structure, niches which allow the extraction and reintroduction of the molding means (molds or mold batteries) at the top, bottom or laterally relative to the barrels, so that the latter have only a single main function to perform, the moving whenever said concrete filled molding means and closed in a rotary curing circuit of 360 ^° with all the aforesaid advantages.

Seven types of multi-function barrels and three types of single-function barrels are presented below by way of example.

A first type of multifunctional barrel is produced using a mixed rotary structure (steel-concrete), self-supporting in relation to the tensioning efforts of the reinforcements and using a few batteries of preferably heated molds with own means of vibration, batteries which are fixed using removable devices on each side of the structure, in the form of interchangeable assemblies.

A second type of multifunctional barrel is produced using a rotary metal structure, self-supporting or not with respect to the tensioning forces, provided with two head shields, which are also self-supporting or not, and using batteries. preferably non-heating molds with their own vibration means, batteries which in their rotary curing path are subjected to intensive heating, preferably by radiation.

A third type of multifunctional barrel is produced using a rotary structure, self-supporting or not, in the form of a hollow cylinder including the molds, structure mounted around a support beam provided in certain cases with two bogies head, so that this barrel (including the mold closing covers) can be moved in one piece by rail either on its own bogies or on a platform wagon.

A fourth type of multifunctional barrel is produced using a rotary structure, self-supporting or not, of monolithic type integrating the molds so that it can be transported in one piece by normal road convoy either on its own axles , or on a low trailer.

A fifth type of multifunctional barrel is produced using a rotary structure, self-supporting or not, reinforced with a few peripheral beams, serving at the same time as mold supports and working platforms, structure having of preferably four sides so that it can be fitted with molding means either on all sides, or only on two opposite sides when it is desired that the width of the barrel does not exceed the normal size of road transport.

A sixth type of multifunctional barrel is produced using a "light rotating structure" (not responsible for taking up the tensioning efforts of the reinforcements) and using a few sets of molds comprising a fixed support shell and a removable core, also multifunctional, a core which may or may not be self-supporting with respect to the stressing efforts of the reinforcements.

A seventh type of multifunctional barrel is produced using a light rotary structure and using mold batteries comprising tilting side walls and a removable multifunctional core, preferably self-supporting with respect to tensioning forces. . A first type of single-function barrel is produced using a lightened rotary structure, equipped with a few beams-rails and a rotary device for distributing the steam, structure equipped with a series of niches which may or may not be removable, so that the molding means provided with rollers are extracted, loaded with hardened products, and reintroduced, filled with fresh concrete, in said niches preferably at the top of the barrel.

A second type of single-function barrel is produced using a light rotary structure including a series of niches, preferably higher than wide, niches provided with rollers so that the molding means can be extracted, loaded hardened products, and reintroduced, filled with fresh concrete, especially at the bottom of the barrel.

A third type of single-function barrel is produced using a light rotary structure having rolling rings disposed inwardly between which are housed several niches, preferably wider than tall, niches allowing the extraction and reintroduction of the molding means, in particular laterally compared to the barrel.

Service facilities, ordinary or specific to the process, use the means associated with the barrels to ensure the actual manufacturing process (from the arrival of fresh concrete and until the exit of hardened products from the workshop) according to any of the five general technology flow solutions for the process.

Ordinary easement installations include the usual means ensuring the operation of various workstations (cleaning devices, oiling, placement of reinforcements, feeding and distribution of concrete, etc.).

Specific easement installations are made up of optimized means to obtain the best operating conditions for the barrels with which they are associated, alone or jointly with ordinary easement installations.

Ten types of specific utility facilities are presented below as examples.

The first type is a "prehensible installation of covers" mainly comprising a lifting device advantageously constituted by two synchronized electropalans, positioned above the serviced barrel, so as to ensure the handling of the closing covers. molds (removal, maintenance and replacement) in anti-spoiling conditions with regard to their lightening.

The second type is a "gripping installation of hardened products and armatures", mobile above the barrel preferably served in its longitudinal axial plane, installation comprising means which firstly release the mold and transfer the hardened products to the depot and secondly (in the return stroke) the transfer of the reinforcements into the molds being cleaned and oiled at the top of the barrel.

The third type is a "gripping installation of covers, hardened products and armatures", movable above the barrel served, preferably in its longitudinal axial plane, installation comprising means which ensure:

- the removal of the lid closing the molds stopped at the top of the barrel served;

- demoulding of hardened products, with or without head screens, and their transfer either to a secondary barrel, or to a finishing line, or directly to the depot;

- taking charge of the frames or screens fitted with frames and their transfer (in the return stroke) into the molds being cleaned and oiled at the top of the barrel;

- the installation of the closing covers on the molds, after their filling.

The fourth type is a "prehensible installation of removable cores, hardened products and armatures", movable above the serviced barrel, preferably in its longitudinal axial plane, installation provided with means which ensure the handling of the removable cores, cores provided first of hardened products and secondly of reinforcements.

The fifth type is a "prehensible installation of covers, cores, hardened products and armatures" movable above the barrel preferably served transversely with respect thereto, installation provided with means which ensure: - removal of the cover closing the battery of molds stopped at the top of the barrel and its installation on the floor, side opposite to the work stations;

- the removal of the removable core fitted with hardened products and its transfer through the final release stations, cleaning-oiling, setting up and tensioning of the frames;

the replacement of said core provided with armatures in the battery of molds being cleaned and oiled at the top of the barrel served; installing the closure cover on the aforementioned battery once it is filled with concrete.

The sixth type is a “two-phase deferred demolding installation”, the first phase of which, called “initial deferred demolding”, is carried out, at the top of the barrel served, by the opening of the side walls of the battery of molds on site, then by the removal, using a gripping installation of the fifth type, of the removable core having hardened products bonded to these sides and the second phase of which, called "final deferred demolding", takes place outside the barrel served , in a work station provided with means which take off the hardened products from the core, so that said products and the core are subsequently handled independently using the same aforementioned prehensible installation.

The seventh type is a "radiation heat treatment installation" comprising a circular thermal screen mounted in a fixed position all around the barrel served, a screen equipped with a series of radiant heaters (electric or gas) over approximately a quarter of its circumference, in the initial part thereof relative to the direction of rotation of the barrel.

The eighth type is a "secondary barrel" arranged outside the main barrel served in particular in its longitudinal axial plane, comprising a modular rotary frame having the same step-by-step rate of rotation as that of the main barrel being served, frame provided with and associated with means which ensure, on the one hand, cooling, overturning and transfer to the deposit of the hardened products and, on the other hand, the preparation of the reinforcements in groups preferably using head screens and, in some cases, separation screens.

The ninth type called "ergonomic walkways" comprises two removable walkways mounted above the barrel being served, so that it can descend at each stop thereof to ensure access for workers laterally relative to the molding means located at the top of the barrel and so that once said means are filled, vibrated and closed, the two gateways are erased to allow the barrel to rotate by one step, the time during which said gateways act as a safeguard.

The tenth type is a "snow-melt roof" comprising a semi-circular thermal screen placed by means of a few rollers on the rings of a single-function barrel, so that said roof, while being very light and inexpensive, ensures, in addition to weather protection, the automatic closing of the heated rotary niches of said barrel and the instantaneous melting of snow.

The method makes it possible to associate any type of barrel with several ordinary and / or specific easement installations in order to obtain a wide range of barrel workshops, flexible or specialized, either in the form of small units movable by rail. , road or water, either in the form of larger fixed or removable units.

The associations "barrels-installations of easements" can be ordinary associations carried out in traditional hangars (existing or new) or privileged combinations made using a few optimized assembly structures.

Four privileged associations are presented by way of example. The first preferred combination incorporates, using an optimized type 1 assembly structure, a type 1 multifunctional barrel, at least two ordinary easement installations (one for supplying and distributing concrete and one for cleaning-oiling of the molds) and three specific easement installations (type 1, 2 and 9).

The second preferred combination incorporates, using an optimized type 2 assembly structure, a type 2 multifunctional barrel, at least the two aforementioned ordinary installations and three specific installations (types 3, 7 and 8) .

The third privileged association integrates, using an optimized assembly structure of type 3, a multifunction barrel of type 6, all or part of the ordinary facilities of the abovementioned easements and a specific installation of type 4.

The fourth privileged association integrates, using an optimized assembly structure of type 4, a multifunction barrel of type 7, all or part of the ordinary facilities of the abovementioned easements and two specific facilities (types 5 and 6).

The invention consists, apart from the arrangements set out above, of certain other arrangements which will be explicitly discussed below in connection with several preferred and non-limiting exemplary embodiments, described with reference to the attached drawings in which:

- Figure 1 is the cross section of a flexible workshop produced according to the first general technological flow solution using a type 1 multifunctional barrel, associated with two installations of the above-mentioned easements (not shown) and to three specific installations of type 1, 2 and 9; Figure 2 is the longitudinal section (following line II of Figure 1) of the type 1 barrel; - Figure 3 is the detailed cross-section cut out of a pan of the type 1 barrel; FIG. 4 is the cross section of a flexible workshop produced according to the second general technological flow solution using a type 2 multi-function barrel, associated with two ordinary facilities of the above-mentioned easements (not shown) and three specific installations of types 3, 7 and 8; Figure 5 is the longitudinal section (along line II of Figure 4) of the aforementioned flexible workshop showing the type 2 multifunctional barrel, the specific installation of type 3 and only part of the specific installation of type 8; Figure 6 is the cross section of a specific type 8 installation (secondary drum); Figure 7 is the cross section of a type 3 multifunctional barrel equipped with its own bogies for international rail transport;

_ Figure 8 is the cross section of a type 4 multifunctional barrel presented on a road transport to international size;

- Figure 9 is the cross section of a type 5 multi-function barrel presented on a road transport to international size; - Figure 10 is the cross section of a specialized workshop housed in a boat hull, workshop carried out according to the second general technological flow solution using a type 6 multifunction barrel, associated with all or part of the installations above-mentioned easements and to a specific type 4 installation; - Figure 11 is the cross section of a specialized workshop, produced according to the third general technological flow solution using a type 7 multi-function barrel, associated with all or part of the ordinary installations of the above-mentioned easements and two specific installations of types 5 and 6;

- Figure 12 is the cross section of a type 1 single-function barrel, equipped with heating niches allowing the extraction and reintroduction of the molding means at the top of said barrel;

- Figure 13 is the cross section of a type 2 single-function barrel, equipped with heating niches allowing the extraction and reintroduction of the molding means at the bottom of said barrel; - Figure 14 is the cross section of a type 3 single-function barrel, equipped with heating niches allowing the extraction and reintroduction of the molding means laterally, barrel associated with a specific type 10 easement installation; and - Figure 15 is the partial longitudinal section (along the line I-I in Figure 14) of the type 3 single-function barrel.

Given its scope, the detailed description which follows (with references to the above-mentioned drawings) is broken down into four main parts, the first of which relates to the process, the second relates to the various types of barrels, the third relates to the various types of installation of easements and of which finally the fourth concerns the various types of association "barrels - installations of easements".

The process, in the case cited as an example of the manufacture of concrete products, achieves, by the association of barrels and service installations, the regrouping of the main workstations, installation of reinforcements (MP ), tensioning of the reinforcement (MT), concreting (B), demolding (D) and cleaning and oiling (NH) _f according to any of the five solutions technological general flow with affecta¬ tion each time the entire rotary travel of 360 ^* to hardening of concrete which, on the one hand , can use any known means of acceleration (gradual heating, additives, vacuum treatment, etc.) and which, on the other hand, benefits from several conditions specific to the process favoring its acceleration:

- Molding means, molds or mold batteries b, mounted on each side of the barrel in the form of modular assemblies preferably provided with own means of vibration and elastic support, so as to ensure on the one hand compaction very effective in concrete and on the other hand allow its revibration either directly or indirectly by resonance;

- intensive heat treatment (TTI) equivalent to the best rapid heat treatment made possible by the fact that the concrete is well enclosed in said molding means throughout its rotary course of 360 ^* ;

- improved hydration (completely multi-axial) of the cement molecules due to the continuous change of inclination of the concrete during the 360 ^{* of} said rotary course; - deferred release up to the top of the barrel making it possible to present the molding means for concreting very hot.

The intensive heat treatment subdivided into three main phases, temperature rise (TT1), isotherm (TT2) and cooling (TT3), can be carried out, both in the case of multi-function barrels and in that of single-function barrels, in two technological variants, one in which the three aforementioned phases are carried out in full during the 360 ^* rotation of said barrels and the other in which the last phase, that of cooling, is carried out outside the barrels before or during the evacuation (E) of the cured products £.

The type 1 multifunctional barrel, shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, firstly comprises a mixed rotary structure (metal-concrete) self-supporting with respect to the stressing efforts of the reinforcements a, structure equipped with a few support devices- removable molds and devices for tensioning the armatures which can also be dismantled, then, secondly, several batteries of bml heating molds provided with means for compacting the concrete and means for distributing steam, and thirdly with closing lids çJL heat insulators perfectly bondable with the aforementioned batteries.

The mixed structure is made up of a light metal frame and of small size, of which a first inner membrane 1, preferably cylindrical, is provided at the ends with two reinforcement rings 2, two bearing rings 3, then two eardrums of closure 4, and of which an outer membrane 5, preferably polygonal, is secured to the first membrane by head gussets 6 and by intermediate gussets 7, so that, once on site, mounted on a step-by-step rotation device 8 and filled with concrete, said framework becomes an extremely rigid rotary structure, capable of taking on very high tensioning forces very quickly. Each mold support device is made up of two tangent beams 9, secured to two sides of the rotary structure by chairs 10, which simultaneously ensure the seat batteries, on the one hand, and the controlled blocking by means of several removable shoes 11, on the other hand. Each tensioning device comprises firstly two very rigid anchor frames consist of several gussets thick plate 12 assembled with ^the aid of a base plate 13, a front plate 14, and an upper plate 15, frameworks mounted at the two ends of each side of the rotary structure to ensure the transfer of tensioning forces thereto, and comprises, on the other hand, at least two self-supporting head screens and removable 16, which ensure the group tensioning of the armatures using one or more clamp rods 17 mounted with vertical adjustment by means of a removable shoe 18 on the anchoring frame of the side of the active head of the barrel (this being located on the right in FIG. 2) and using a plate 19 provided with one or more fingers for hooking said screens, plate also removable, mounted by 1 ' intermediate of a vertical adjustment piece 20 on the anchoring frame on the side of the passive head of the barrel (on the left in Figure 2).

Each battery of molds is made up of several shells 21, assembled by gussets 22 to a resistance frame 23, frame provided with elastic support pads 24, height adjustment shims 25, vibrators 26, steam distribution pipes 27 _r and finally a sealing plate 28 provided with two lateral folds 29.

Each removable cover consists of a longitudinal beam 30, a series of transverse gussets 31, then a heat-insulated envelope 32, the extreme stiffening edges of which stop the heat-insulating and, by a good contact surface, the tight junction with the lateral folds 29 of the aforementioned sealing plate 28. The multifunctional barrel of type 2, shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, comprises, on the one hand, a rotary structure, self-supporting or not (with or without devices for tensioning the reinforcements) constituted by a metal membrane 33, in particular cylindrical, reinforced by a few beams radials 34 of high inertia and by a series of bracing gussets 35, structure having two head shields 36, also self-supporting or not, shields provided with axes of rotation 37, and a few sloping chairs 38, facilitating sliding out head screens 39 during demolding, and it comprises, on the other hand, batteries of non-heating molds bm2, provided with elastic support pads 24, shims 25, vibrators 26 and a few lateral fixing chairs 40 , batteries closed using removable non-insulating covers c2, so that the heating of the concrete can be carried out from the outside using, for example, a specific installation of type 7 easements.

The multi-purpose barrel of type 3, shown in FIG. 7, comprises, on the one hand, a rotary structure, self-supporting or not (with or without devices for tensioning the reinforcements) constituted by a membrane, in particular cylindrical 33 , reinforced with box beams 41, a structure which includes the molds m and the steam pipes 27, and it comprises, on the other hand, a support beam 42, in particular tubular, provided with a rotation device step by step 43, two working platforms 44 and two rail bogies 45 or road axles, so that by mounting said structure equipped with closing covers ç_3. around the support beam 42 using bearing rings 46, a mobile and compact barrel is obtained to the point of respecting the international gauge of rail or road transport. The type 4 multifunctional barrel, shown in FIG. 8, designed for manufacturing in particular of products (solid or hollow) with longitudinal and / or transverse fruit, comprises, on the one hand, a cruciform rotary structure, self-supporting or not, the central part of which is a hollow beam 47 preferably square, reinforced longitudinally by a few sections 48 and transversely by gussets 49, and of which each of the four arms incorporates either longitudinal fruit molds m4a, or transverse fruit molds m4b, said molds being integrated as resistance elements capable, with their reinforced heating walls 50 48, 49, take up and distribute the tensioning forces and as means of easements because their insulated side walls 51 automatically become access gateways at each stop of the barrel, and it also comprises means (not shown ) closing the molds, molding cores with reservations 52 advantageously in the trunk of a pyramid and pre-balanced bearings 53 fitted out to receive seat beams on the site allowing the barrel to rest on pre-established foundations, after removal of the road 54 or rail means of transport to the international size.

The type 5 multifunctional barrel, shown in FIG. 9, firstly comprises a rotary structure with at least two sides, self-supporting or not, consisting of a central beam 55, in particular tubular, reinforced by stiffening eardrums 56 and at least four multifunctional peripheral beams, secondly comprises batteries of bm5 heating molds and thirdly comprises pre-balanced bearings 53 as mentioned above, with two seat beams not shown, so that this barrel can be legally transported on a road 54 or rail chassis, without molds or with two sets of molds (on the opposite vertical sides), and so that it can be put into operation on site quickly either with two batteries or with additional batteries mounted on site.

Each multifunction beam is an optimized framework having a central part 57 curved along the outside radius of the tubular beam on which it is welded, also having two mold-seat arms 58 provided with blocking shoes 11 and finally having a series of gussets 59 on which are mounted a few removable plates made of striated sheet metal 60 forming lateral passageways integrated into the barrel, so that said multifunctional beams simultaneously provide:

- Reinforcement of the rotary structure, especially when it has to take care of the stressing efforts of the reinforcements;

- the support base for the mold batteries;

- controlled blocking of said batteries during their rotation;

- lateral access to the molding means on the integrated walkways.

The type 6 multi-function barrel, shown in FIG. 10, firstly comprises a lightened rotary structure (not responsible for taking up the tensioning efforts of the reinforcements) constituted by a membrane 33, in particular cylindrical, provided with a few beams- box 61 for reinforcing and fixing the molds, two eardrums 4 for closing the head and two bearing rings 3, and secondly a few batteries of molds bm6 allowing the casting of certain products on edge, batteries made up of the using, on the one hand, an open type support shell cs6 _f having a support frame 62 and two fixed lateral walls 63 slightly inclined towards the outside, shell provided with elastic support pads 24, one or more vibrators 26 and some closing devices 64 for closing the upper side, and using, on the other hand, a removable na6 multifunctional core.

This core consisting of a closed-type shell 65 provided, on the one hand, with two head closing eardrums 66 and a few transverse reinforcement gussets 67 and, on the other hand, with fastening parts 68 and d '' a steam distribution pipe 27, can either be self-supporting with respect to the tensioning forces in the case of manufacturing of prestressed concrete products, or non-bearing with respect to said forces in the case of the manufacture of reinforced concrete products . In the latter case shown by way of example in FIG. 10 for the manufacture of nervu¬ res reinforced concrete panels 69, said core, fixed in its support shell, firstly ensures the pouring on edge of two face panels to-face and several head to head and secondly ensures the heat treatment TT of the concrete over the entire rotary travel of 360 ^° of said battery so that arrived again at the top of the barrel, it is in a third time taken load by a specific installation of type 4 easements, which ensures in the outward stroke the initial demoulding D1 and the evacuation E of said hardened panels and, in the return stroke, the positioning MP of the armatures (being hung on said core instead of evacuated panels).

The type 7 multi-function barrel, shown in FIG. 11, firstly comprises a lightened rotary structure, formed using a membrane 33, in particular cylindrical, provided with two bearing rings 3 and reinforced by several rings 70, by two head sections 4 and by a series of longitudinal beams 71, beams provided with a few mold support chairs 72 and a few mold blocking parts 73 with elastic contact, and secondly comprises mold batteries bm7 allowing the casting side by side of prestressed or reinforced concrete products as by example of poles 74 for power lines, batteries produced individually using, on the one hand, an open type support shell cs7 having a common bottom 75 and two tilting and heating side walls 76, shell provided with a few reservation parts 77, elastic supports 24 and vibrators 26, and with the help, on the other hand, of a removable multifunctional core na7 which is self-supporting or not with respect to the stressing efforts of the reinforcements. Advantageously, the self-supporting type core is formed in the form of a very rigid removable assembly, using a welded shell of thick sheet metal 78 reinforced by two eardrums 79 for closing the head and by a series of anti-buckling gussets 80, shell provided on the one hand with reserve parts 77 and a steam distribution pipe 27 and on the other hand with two self-supporting head screens 81, so that by fixing this core in the support shell cs7 is finding it cleaned and oiled at the top of the barrel and closing the side walls 76, it first ensures the side-by-side pouring of two posts and in a second step of intensive heat treatment TT of the concrete well enclosed using lids insulating ç_7, throughout its rotary travel of 360 ^*, and so that at the end of said path, when the core returns from top barrel having a pole stuck on each side, it is supported by a SETUP specific ion of type 5 and moved through the main work stations arranged outside the barrel either longitudinally or preferably transversely (FIG. 11) relative to the latter.

The type 1 single-function barrel, shown in FIG. 12, comprises, on the one hand, a light rotary structure, constituted by means of a membrane 33 provided with two bearing rings 3, two head eardrums 4 and of a few beams-rail 82 assembled two in pairs by means of support gussets 83, structure provided with a rotary device 84 for distributing the steam, and comprises, on the other hand, a series of heated or, preferably dismountable, peripheral niches made up of using radial walls 85 provided with own fixing means 86 and using heat-insulated peripheral covers 87 also provided with own fixing means, recesses closed at one end by a heat-insulating screen and at the other end by a door also insulated , so that by closing off the spaces between the peripheral covers with a few sealing strips 88, an independent installation of intensive heat treatment TTI can be obtained which can be mounted in the open air on four small foundations 89 , installation having the extraction station and reintroduction of the molds provided with rollers 90 preferably at the top of the barrel.

The type 2 single-function barrel, shown in FIG. 13, comprises a rotary structure incorporating heating niches - \ 2, a structure formed using, on the one hand, two peripheral rings 91 linked by a series of beams longitudinal 92 reinforced by gussets 93 and provided with rollers 94, and using, on the other hand, a tubular beam 95 arranged in the axis of the barrel and provided with a rotary device 84 for distributing steam, so that by connecting radially two by two the longitudinal beams 92 to the tubular beam 95 using a few removable walls 96 in particular in "V", walls reinforced by gussets 97 and provided with some connecting parts 98, and so that by closing said structure with thermally insulated walls at the top 99 and by peripheral thermally insulated walls 100, a series of heating niches is obtained, usually higher than wide nZ, integrated into the structure rotating to the point of forming with it a independent installation of intensive heat treatment preferably having the extraction station and reintroduction of the molding means (molds or batteries of molds) at the bottom of the barrel. The type 3 single-function barrel, shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, comprises, on the one hand, a rotary structure produced using two or more box rings 101 mounted outside of a cylinder 102, of so as to be able to place between said rings heating and removable niches Q3., preferably wider than high, niches which can receive and carry, in their step-by-step rotation of 360 ^* , molds (or batteries of molds) provided rollers 90, allowing the horizontal pouring of products having a structure and / or a special shape such as for example: decorative panels, sandwich panels, segments for the construction of tunnels, etc. For the latter case relating to the manufacture of segments, the niches are, on the one hand, made up of covers 103, conforming to the curvature of said segments, said covers being welded to a frame comprising beams 104, gussets 105, and angles 106 for mounting said frame between two rings, and are, on the other hand, provided with rails 107, allowing the extraction and reintroduction of the molds, devices 108 for blocking the molds in said rails and some lifting devices 109 , preferably with hydraulic cylinders 110, which lift the molds after their introduction, so that the free face of the concrete matches the covers 103 during the intensive heat treatment TTI over the entire course of 360 ^* .

The ten types of barrels described are advantageously served by one or more of the ten types of specific easement installations presented below. The specific type 1 installation, shown in FIG. 1, comprises a device for handling sli covers consisting of a horizontal beam 111, overhanging the upper face of the barrel served in its longitudinal axial plane, and two electropalans 112 provided with prehensile means 113, preferably with clamps, electropalans suspended from said beam with a spacing of 0.54 1 ("1" being the length of the covers), so that the moment of deflection of the covers with regard to their length is considerably reduced, resulting in a significant reduction in their weight and in the power of the electropalans.

The specific type 2 installation, represented in FIG. 1, comprises at least two removable gripping devices 114, provided with gripping means preferably with suction cups 115, for the hardened products, and gripping means preferably with pliers for the armatures, devices suspended by means of a high inertia beam 116 from an apparatus 117 for vertical lifting and horizontal translation overhanging the upper part of the barrel served so that this installation performs or facilitates:

- demoulding D of products P;

the transfer of said products either to an ordinary installation of easements, or to a specific type 8 easement installation mounted outside the barrel preferably served in its longitudinal axis;

- the transfer and setting up of PM of the armatures;

- mounting and changing the molding means.

The specific installation of type 3, represented in FIGS. 4 and 5, comprises a tilting beam us, provided with two head axes 119, with a device 120 for tilting at 180 ^* , with prehensile means for the covers 121, and removable prehensile means 122 for hardened products and armatures, beam mounted on a suspended carriage 123 overhanging the upper part of the barrel served, carriage provided with a vertical displacement device 124, and a device for horizontal displacement 125, so that this installation ensures or facilitates:

- Removal and tilting 180 ^* of the cover c_2 closing the molding means stopped at the top of the barrel served;

- demolding D of the hardened products P, provided in certain cases with head screens 39;

the transfer of said products either to an ordinary installation of easements, or to a specific installation of type 8 easements, mounted outside the barrel preferably served in its longitudinal axis;

- The transfer and the positioning MP of the armatures in the molding means s or m being cleaned at the top of the barrel;

- the installation of the closure cover on the molding means once filled with concrete;

- mounting and changes of said molding means. The specific installation of type 4, represented in FIG. 10, comprises a multi-purpose carriage 126 overhanging the upper part of the barrel served, cha¬ riot integrating means of horizontal displacement 127, means of vertical displacement 128 thus as prehensile means for the cores 129, so that this installation ensures or facilitates:

- the initial demoulding D1, by the removal, at the top of the barrel served, of the multifunction core na6. driving on each side wall at least one hardened product 69;

- the transfer, in its outward journey, of said core loaded with cured products at the final demoulding station D2, preferably located in the longitudinal axial plane of the barrel served, towards the outlet in storage; - the transfer, in its return stroke, of the core loaded with reinforcements instead of the hardened products in the support shell cs6 being cleaned and oiled at the top of the serviced barrel.

The specific installation of type 5, represented in FIG. 11, comprises a tool-holder framework 130, provided with a central row 131 of fixed prehensile means for the cores and two lateral rows 132 of removable prehensile means for the hardened products, frame suspended from a traveling beam 133, movable above the cylinder served, preferably transversely with respect to it, so that this installation successively ensures:

- the removal of the cover ç_7, closing the battery of molds stopped at the top of the barrel and its transfer on the right side of the floor overhanging the barrel (side opposite to the workstations) -

- The initial demoulding D1, by the removal in a second time of the multipurpose core na7 driving on each side wall a hardened product, such as for example a honeycomb post 74;

- The transfer of said core loaded with two posts to the final demoulding station D2, located at the extreme left of the aforementioned floor;

- disposal of hardened products; - the transfer of the demolded core through the NH oil-cleaning stations and the positioning and tensioning of MP + MT frames;

- finally the transfer of the core loaded with reinforcements a., into its support shell es7. being cleaned and oiled NH, at the top of the barrel;

- mounting and changing the means of molding.

The specific installation of type 6, shown in FIG. 11, comprises, on the one hand, a device for opening and closing the side walls of the battery of molds arriving at the top of the barrel served, preferably made up of using of several main cylinders 134 coupled to secondary cylinders 135, and comprises, on the other hand, a final release device

D2 located at the far left of the floor overhanging the barrel, a device mainly consisting of a support frame 136, equipped with double-acting cylinders 137 linked to movable arms 138 provided with suction cups 139 and in some cases vibrators, so that by placing on said framework a multi-purpose core na7, loaded with two posts, these are automatically taken care of by the movable arms 138 which separate them and separate them from the core, thus carrying out the final phase of deferred demolding.

The specific installation of type 7, represented in FIG. 4, comprises a circular thermal screen 140 mounted in a fixed position all around the barrel des¬ served with the aid of a few parts 141 connecting it to an optimized structure, screen equipped with a series of electric or gas radiators 142 over approximately a quarter of its circumference, in the initial part thereof relative to the direction of rotation of the barrel served.

The specific installation of type 8, shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, is a secondary barrel known as a service barrel disposed outside the main barrel served, preferably in its axial longitudinal plane, comprising in the first place a rotary framework modular 143 having the same step-by-step rate of rotation as that of the main barrel, frame provided with several support chairs 144 in turn provided with a few rotary arms 145 ensuring the blocking of hardened products £, whether or not fitted with screens freestanding from head 39, during their tilting 180 ^°, comprising second transfer means to the vertical 146 and horizontal transfer means 147 of the cured products, and finally having thirdly ergonomic preparation workstation PA fittings, so that this installation successively ensures:

- TT3 cooling of hardened products during their 180 "tilting; - vertical descent and transfer of hardened products to the depot;

the preparation of the reinforcements a in groups, advantageously using head screens 39, and in some cases separation screens; - the routing of the frames thus prepared up to the top of the small barrel awaiting their handling, either by an ordinary installation, or preferably by a specific prehensile installation.

The specific installation of type 9, shown in FIG. 1, comprises two ergonomic walkways produced using a series of arms 148, preferably in "Z" shape, arms having their low horizontal part formed in the form of a heat-insulating floor 149 and their upper horizontal part provided with either means 150 ensuring their tilting, or means ensuring their sliding (vertical or horizontal), so that at each stop of a molding means (mold or battery of molds), at the top of the barrel served, said gangways tilt or slide one to the left and the other to the right of the molding means, thus facilitating access for workers, and so that once the molding means are filled and closed, the two gateways disappear, allowing the barrel to rotate by one step, during which time said gateways act as a guardrail. The specific installation of type 10, shown in FIG. 14, comprises a semi-circular thermal screen made up of a resistance framework 151, a heat-insulated envelope 152, two gutters 153 and a few sealing strips ¹ 154, so that by placing several screens 155 on this screen on the rings of a single-function cylinder, it ensures, in addition to weather protection, the automatic closing of the heating niches of the cylinder served and the melting instant snow, while being very light and inexpensive.

The ability of the process to easily associate with any type of barrel one or more easement installations, ordinary and / or specific, makes it possible to carry out, using a few optimized assembly structures, numerous privileged associations, four of which are presented below. after as an example.

The first preferred association, represented in FIG. 1, integrates a multifunctional barrel of type 1, two ordinary installations of easements (one of supply-distribution of concrete and one of cleaning-oiling of molds) and three specific installations of easements of type 1, 2 and 9, using an optimized type 1 structure, comprising four fully removable main parts including:

- The first part is a multi-function framework having at least two gantries 156 linked, on the one hand, by two strong beams 157, provided with rails 158, so as to form a common track both for the two ordinary installations of above mentioned easements for the specific type 2 installation, linked, on the other hand, by two beams 159 supporting the cladding 160 and by two beams 161 supporting a light roof 162, a roof which includes the support beam 111 of the installation type 1 specific, and finally linked by two multipurpose beams 163, of preferably tubular, cantilevered using a few high inertia brackets 164, the latter beams being provided, on the one hand, with support pieces-walls 165, support pieces-platforms 166, support pieces curtain 167 and sealing parts 168 and, on the other hand, ventilation means 169, and / or heat recovery 170;

- The second part consists of a few head platforms mounted directly on the aforementioned gantry cranes and two lateral platforms 171, preferably insulated, console mounted on the multi-purpose beams 163, so that these latter platforms can support on their ends overhanging the barrel the specific installation of type 9;

- The third part consists, on the one hand, of two side walls in a semi-warhead 172 mounted between the multi-purpose beams and the support-cladding beams 159 and, on the other hand, of some front walls 173 mounted, with or without doors and / or windows, on the ogival walls 172;

- The fourth part consists of two lateral closing devices comprising some curtains 174 with counterweight 175, mounted on reels 176, suspended with the help of some bearings 177 on the multipurpose beams by means of said curtain support pieces 167 of so as to facilitate the opening and closing of the two lateral spaces 178 used for the storage of coils 179, molds, etc. To facilitate assembly, the multifunctional framework is preassembled on the ground and placed vertically in one piece, except for the two multipurpose beams which are subsequently assembled already fitted with said lateral platforms 171 and said curtain devices 174 to 177.

The second privileged association, represented in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, integrates a type 2 multi-function barrel, two ordinary installations for easements (one for feeding the concrete and one for cleaning and oiling the molds) and three specific installations for easements of type 3, 7 and 8, using an optimized type 2 structure, comprising two main parts including:

- The first part is the main frame having two rows of posts 180 provided with a series of small mounting brackets 181, rows linked in the first place by two longitudinal beams 182 provided with several gussets 183 having, welded to their ends ¬ moths, a few curved plates 184 which firstly assemble the lower part (about a third) of the heat shield 140 which is the subject of the specific installation of type 7 and secondly the two parts lateral of said screen, rows linked secondly by two transverse box beams 185, so as to ensure the mounting of the barrel via two preset bearings 186, rows linked thirdly by two longitudinal beams 187 ensuring the mounting of five work and / or passage platforms including two head platforms 188, a central platform 189 arranged between the main barrel and the secondary barrel and two platforms 190 arranged laterally with respect to the secondary barrel, rows linked in the fourth place by two longitudinal beams 191 provided with gussets 192, having on the one hand plates (184), which ensure the mounting of the two lateral parts of the specific installation of type 7 and having, on the other hand, a few arms 193 which facilitate the production of two lateral platforms 194 partially overhanging the barrel, rows linked in the fifth place by two longitudinal beams 195 serving as support for the roof 196, incorporated roof one or more assemblies preferably fitted before mounting a track 197 common to the two aforementioned ordinary installations and to the specific type 3 installation; - The second part is the secondary framework having two head gantries 198 linked by at least two longitudinal beams 199, gantries provided on the one hand with two support beams 200 provided with vertical adjustment means 201, so as to ensure mounting of the specific type 8 installation at the optimum height with respect to the main barrel, and on the other hand provided with two head gangways 202.

The third preferred association, shown in FIG. 10, incorporates, in the form of a floating workshop, a type 6 multifunctional barrel, all or part of the ordinary installations of above-mentioned easements and a specific installation of easements of type 4 to using an optimized type 3 structure, comprising two main parts, of which: - the first part is a ship hull 203 reinforced by transverse ribs 204 and longitu¬ dinales 205, hull first provided with a framework of multifunctional bottom having transverse beams 206 and longitudinal beams 207 welded to the desired height on the transverse ribs 204 so that said framework simultaneously supports the support frames 208 for lifting and rotating the barrel, supporting the floor of the barrel the machine room (generator, hydraulic group, compressor, boiler, etc.) located at one end of the barrel , the support of the floor of the main¬ tenance room and various storage located at the other end of the barrel, the raising of said frames and floors to keep them out of possible infiltration water, the bracing of the hull, uniform distribution of loads transmitted by equipment aforementioned and the adjustable ballast, hull secondly provided with two floors 209 arranged at the two ends of the barrel at an optimal height so as to simultaneously ensure the bracing of the side walls of the hull, the ground for the work stations external to the barrel D2 , E, NH2, PA, etc., the floor of the various annexes (toilets, laboratories, offices, etc.) and the ceilings of the aforementioned rooms (machinery, maintenance, storage, etc.), hull finally equipped with two upper bridges 210, pivoting or not, overhanging the barrel;

- the second part is a frame added in arc 211, the bases of which bear on the side walls of the hull and the upper part of which incorporates a running track common to the two ordinary concrete supply-distribution and cleaning-oiling installations molds, and common to a specific type 4 installation, a track which is advantageously made up of two beams 212 joined together and to the arched frame by gussets 213 so as to ensure transverse stiffening at the same time and the longitudinal bracing of said frame equipped with fixed or mobile covering elements 214. The fourth preferred association, shown in FIG. 11, incorporates a type 7 multifunctional barrel, all or part of the above-mentioned ordinary servitude installations, including particularly those ensuring the supply-distribution of the concrete and the cleaning-oiling of the molds, and two installations type 5 and 6, using an optimized type 4 structure, comprising several rows of vertical posts 215 serving as support for:

- a technical floor 216 with a strong framework, distinguished by its level overhanging the barrel, by an opening of dimensions greater than those of the battery of molds open at the top of the barrel, by the support of a track 217 mounted on the longitudinal edges of said opening in the floor and by its function of the ceiling of room 218 available for fitting out many ordinary installations of easements;

a track 219 with an extension outside the structure allowing the specific type 5 installation to serve both the work stations B, D1 and NH1 arranged axially with respect to the barrel as well as the work stations E, D2, NH2, MP and MT arranged on the technical floor 216 transversely against the barrel;

- several roof trusses not shown; a heat shield 140, the two upper parts of which are integral with the technical floor 216 and the posts 215 and the lower part of which rests on supports 220.

The methods, factories and workshops with barrels according to the invention relate to the manufacture of moldable products and in particular those of molded concrete which is diffused, with a significant increase in productivity and quality.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Process for the manufacture of moldable products using optimized technological organization equipment and solutions, aiming to improve the concentration, automation and flexibility of the manufacturing process as well as the hardening of the molded material, characterized: in that an enlarged and improved range of molding means and their closure covers is integrated into optimized rotary structures and thus forms modular rotary barrels, having at least two sides, capable of promoting concentration, l automation and flexibility of the manufacturing process by allocating, on the one hand, to the hardening of the molded material (concrete, mortar, plaster, clay, plastic, etc.) with a rotary path greater than 270 ^* and preferably equal to 360 ^* , and by grouping, on the other hand, the main workstations according to at least five preferred solutions of tech flow general nological:

. full grouping above the barrels; . grouping split above the barrels and at one or two ends;

. split group above and next to the barrels;

. full grouping either at one end of the barrels, or at both;

. complete grouping alongside the barrels, in that the concentration, automation and flexibility of the manufacturing process are also obtained by implementing an evolving association of rotary barrels and installation of process-specific easements using optimized assembly structures, said association giving rise to "barrel workshops" for the lowest levels of association and to "factories barrels "for the highest levels of association, workshops and factories which in some cases are produced in the form of mobile units by water, rail or road; - in that the hardening of the molded material, such as concrete, is improved by the joint use of the following operational modes:

. assignment to said hardening of a rotary path greater than 270 ^* and in some cases greater than 360 ^* , when the cooling phase is carried out on a secondary barrel of easements, associated with the main barrel;

. regrouping in one place of demolding and concreting operations to reduce thermal shocks on concrete and take advantage of the thermal inertia of molds;

. modular transmission of vibrations produced during the compaction of concrete to all of the molding means filled with concrete, by adjusting the elastic suspension of said molding means;

. intensive heat treatment (TTI) of the concrete with complete confinement of the latter in the molding means over a course often equal to a rotation of 360 ^* of the barrels and with, as a result, increased neutralization of the expansion of the gases occluded in the concrete and leakage by evaporation of water molecules essential for quality hydration;

. total pluriaxial hydration of the cement molecules due jointly to the change of inclination of the concrete during the 360 ^* rotation of the barrels and to the aforementioned residual vibrations.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, for the production of prestressed concrete and reinforced concrete products, it implements two families of workshops and barrel factories including:

- the first family uses at least seven types of "multifunctional barrels" associated with specific facilities for easements so that the main workstations are grouped together: placement of reinforcement (MP), placing of reinforcement (MT), concrete (B), demoulding deferred (D), evacuation of hardened products (E), and cleaning-oiling of the molds (NH), is carried out according to the first three preferred solutions of general technological flow;

- The second family uses at least three types of "single-function barrels" associated with easements installations so that the abovementioned workstations are grouped together according to the fourth and fifth solutions of general technological flow.

3. Workshops and factories with barrels of the first family intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the multifunction barrels firstly comprise an optimized rotary structure, capable of supporting the weight of the filled molds concrete and in some cases the tensioning efforts of the reinforcements, then secondly molding means (molds or batteries of molds) usually provided with clean and adjustable means of compaction and elastic support, and thirdly place of the closing lids of said molding means, and in that the flexibility of grouping of the work stations makes it possible to use the barrels in compliance with the first three solutions of general technological flow of the process, said barrels performing all or part of the functions following main:

- taking charge of the reinforcement tensioning efforts in the case of the production of prestressed concrete products; - the compaction of the concrete at the top of the barrels, in the molding means which are still hot due to their thermal inertia ;

- the movement of molds (m.) or batteries of molds (£ m) filled with concrete and closed, in a curing circuit of around 360 ^* ; - the repetitive and automatic presentation of the molding means loaded with hardened products in the starting position at the top of the barrels or thereafter are carried out, with obvious facilities, the other main operations (demolding and evacuation of hardened products, cleaning and oiling of molds, installation and tensioning of the reinforcements).

4. Multifunctional barrel type 1, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 or 2 and to enter into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 3, characterized - in that it comprises first place a mixed rotary structure (steel-concrete) made by pouring concrete between two metal membranes (1, 5), provided with reinforcing means (2, 6, 7), bearing rings (3) and closing eardrums (4), structure equipped, on the one hand, with support-mold devices, preferably removable, with beams and fixing chairs (9, 10) and controlled blocking shoes (11), then equipped, on the other hand part, devices for tensioning armatures, fixed or removable, with anchoring framework (12 to 15) and means for tensioning armatures individually or in groups (16 to 20) , - in that it comprises, secondly, preferably heated molding means, either under the fo rme of individual molds (ml.), either in the form of batteries of molds (bml) advantageously formed using shells (21), stiffening elements (22, 23) and sealing elements (28 , 29), said molding means being provided respectively with their elastic support means (24), for height adjustment (25), vibration (26) and steam distribution (27),

- And finally in that it comprises, in the third place, heat-insulating covers (ç_l) ensuring the closure of the molding means, during their rotary hardening course.

5. Multifunctional barrel type 2, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and to enter into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 3, characterized

- in that it comprises in the first place a rotary structure, self-supporting or not with respect to the stressing efforts of the reinforcements, consisting of a notably cylindrical membrane (33) reinforced by longitudinal beams (34) and gussets bracing (35), structure having two head shields (36), self-supporting or not, shields provided respectively with an axis of rotation (37), and a few biased chairs (38) facilitating the sliding out of the head screens ( 39) during demolding,

- in that it comprises, secondly, preferably non-heating molding means, either in the form of individual molds (m2), or in the form of batteries of molds (bm2), said molding means being provided respectively with their elastic support means (24), height adjustment (25), vibration (26) and lateral fixing (40),

- And finally in that it comprises, thirdly, non-heat-insulating covers (ç_2) maintained in the closed position during the entire rotary course of the molding means, so that the concrete is heated by transit of calories through said covers to the 'aid, for example, of a specific type 7 installation ensuring the rapid rise in temperature (phase TTI), maintaining the temperature (phase TT2), and authorizing a possible continuation of the heat treatment outside the barrel (phase TT3).

6. Type 3 multifunctional barrel, intended for implementing the method according to claims 1 and 2, and for entering into the establishment of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 3, characterized

- in that it comprises in the first place a structure, self-supporting or not with respect to the stressing efforts of the reinforcements, consisting of a notably cylindrical membrane (33) reinforced by a series of box girders (41), structure which includes molds (m3), for example for the manufacture of railway sleepers,

- in that it comprises, secondly, a central support beam (42), preferably tubular, provided with a step-by-step rotation device (43), two working platforms (44) and two rail bogies (45) or road axles,

- And finally in that the assembly of said rotary structure equipped with covers (ç_3) with the central support beam (42) by means of at least two bearing rings (46) has a compactness making it possible to respect the international gauge of rail or road transport.

7. Multifunctional barrel type 4, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and to enter into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 3, caracté¬ risé - in that it comprises a rotary structure, self-supporting or not with respect to the stressing efforts of the reinforcements, the central part of which is a hollow beam (47) preferably square, reinforced longitudinally by profiles (48) and transversely by gussets (49), and of which each of the four arms integrates either longitudinal fruit molds nal (m4a), that is to say transverse fruit molds (m4b), said molds being doubly integrated as resistance elements which, with their reinforced walls (50), can take up and distribute the tensioning forces and as means of easements becoming, by their side walls (51), automatically side access bridges at each stop of the barrel, and - in that it comprises molding cores with reservation (52) and pre-balanced bearings (53 ) arranged to receive on the site seat beams allowing the barrel to rest on pre-established foundations, after removal of the means of road (54) or rail transport to international size.

8. Multifunctional barrel of type 5, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and to enter into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 3, characterized - in that it comprises first place a rotary structure with at least two sides, self-supporting or not with respect to the stressing efforts of the reinforcements, consisting of a central beam (55), in particular tubular, reinforced by stiffening eardrums (56) and at least four multifunctional peripheral beams, each having two molded seat arms (58), stiffening gussets (59) and removable plates (60) forming lateral access gangways, - in that it comprises at least two batteries of heating molds (bm5_) advantageously formed using shells (21), stiffening elements (22, 23) and sealing elements (28, 29), batteries respectively having their own elastic support means e (24), height adjustment (25), vibration (26) and steam distribution (27), - in that it comprises pre-balanced bearings (53) arranged to receive on the site seat beams allowing the barrel to rest on pre-established foundations, after removal of the means of road transport (54) or rail,

- in that said barrel can thus be transported to the international template without molding means or with batteries of molds advantageously mounted on the opposite vertical sides, and - in that additional batteries can be mounted on the operating site.

9. Multifunctional barrel type 6, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and to enter into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 3, characterized

- in that it comprises a light rotary structure (not responsible for taking up the tensioning efforts of the reinforcements) consisting of a membrane (33) in particular cylindrical provided with box beams (61), head eardrums (4) and bearing rings (3),

- in that it comprises batteries of molds (bm6) allowing the pouring on edge of certain concrete products, said batteries being advantageously formed using, on the one hand, a support shell (cs6) having a supporting frame (62) and two fixed side walls (63) slightly inclined towards the outside, shell provided with elastic support pads (24), vibrators (26) and closing parts on the upper side (64) , and using, on the other hand, a removable multifunctional core (na6), self-supporting or not relative to the stressing efforts of the reinforcements, core consisting of a closed type shell (65) provided with head closure eardrums (66), transverse reinforcement gussets (67), fasteners (68) and a steam distribution core (27), - in that the joining of said core to the shell-support at the top of the barrel makes it possible firstly to ensure the edge-to-face pouring of products face to face and head to head, secondly the intensive heat treatment (TTI) on a rotation of 360 ^* , and

- in that said core provided with hardened products dissociates from the support shell at the top of the ba¬ rillet and then becomes integral with the specific type 4 installation to complete the cycle of operations started and initiate a new cycle of manufacturing by the first operation of fitting the reinforcements.

10. Type 7 multi-function barrel, intended for implementing the method according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the setting up of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 3, characterized

- in that it comprises in the first place a light rotary structure provided with two rolling rings (3), several reinforcement rings (70), two front closing eardrums (4) and a series of longitudinal beams (71) provided with mold support chairs (72) and blocking parts (73) with elastic contact,

- in that it comprises batteries of molds (bm7) allowing the casting side by side of products longi¬ lines in prestressed or reinforced concrete such as for example poles for power lines (74),

- in that said batteries consist premiè¬ rement of an open type support shell (cs7) having a common bottom (75) and two side walls (76), tilting and heating, shell provided with reservation parts (77 ), elastic supports (24), vibrators (26) and steam distribution pipes (27), and consist second of at least one removable multifunctional core (na7), preferably self-supporting with respect to the forces of bet in tension of the reinforcements, rigid core, on the one hand, formed of a closed shell of thick sheet metal (78) reinforced by two ear-closing eardrums (79) and by a series of anti-buckling gussets (80) and, d on the other hand, provided with reserve parts (77), a steam distribution pipe (27), and two head screens (81) which are self-supporting with respect to the stressing efforts of the reinforcements, - in this that the joining of the core (s) to the support shell at the top of the barrel makes it possible firstly to ensure the twin pouring of one or more products and secondly intensive heat treatment (TTI) on a rotation of 360 ^* , and - in that each core which reaches the top of the barrel with the hardened products dissociates from the support shell after tilting the side walls (76) and then solidifies with the specific installation of type 5 to serve external stations at barrel (advantageously perpen¬ diculai res) before starting a new manufacturing cycle.

11. Workshops and barrel factories of the second family, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized

- in that the single-function barrels comprise, on the one hand, a lightened rotary structure (because the taking in charge of the tensioning efforts of the reinforcements is no longer required) and, on the other hand, a series of heating niches attached or integrated peripherals to said structure and provided with means suitable for ensuring the reception of the molding means

(molds or batteries of molds) filled with fresh concrete, keeping them in the closed position during their rotary course and their extraction with hardened products, - in that said barrels use the entire course of 360 ^* for intensive heat treatment (TTI),

- in that the operations of introduction and extraction of the molding means are carried out in the upper, lower or lateral part of the barrels,

- And finally in that the operations other than the intensive heat treatment are carried out outside the single-function barrels, according to the fourth and there fifth solutions of general technological flow of the process.

12. Type 1 single-function barrel, intended for implementing the method according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the setting up of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 11, caracté¬ risé

- in that it comprises, on the one hand, a rotary structure consisting of a notably cylindrical membrane (33), head eardrums (4) and a series of beams-rail (82) stiffened by gussets -support (83), beams facilitating the introduction, maintenance and extraction of the molding means (molds or mold batteries) provided with rollers (90) and, on the other hand, several heated peripheral niches (nor) of preferably removable, formed by means of radial walls (85) and peripheral covers (87), said niches being closed at one end by heat-insulating screens and at the other end by doors that are also heat-insulated,

- in that the intensive heat treatment of the concrete (TTI) s'ffectue on the rotary path of said niches 360 ^* using preferably steam distributed by an automatic rotary device (84), and - in that the envelope formed by said heat-insulating peripheral covers (87) can be sealed by any means (for example by sealing strips (88)) to optimize the use of steam and allow implantation the barrel in the open air with the station for introducing and extracting the molding means in the high position.

13. Type 2 single-function barrel, intended for implementing the method according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the setting up of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 11, characterized

- in that it comprises a rotary structure having, on the one hand, a peripheral framework constituted by means of at least two rings (91) linked by a series of longitudinal beams (92) reinforced by transverse gussets ( 93) and having, on the other hand, a central framework in the form for example of a tubular beam (95), said structure incorporating heating niches (n—) preferably higher than wide constituted by the assembly of the two aforementioned frameworks using "V" walls (96) reinforced by gussets (97), said niches being equipped with rollers (94) facilitating the introduction, maintenance and extraction of the molding means advantageously with their rollers (90.a) and rail

(82) for guidance,

- in that the concrete of the intensive heat treatment is performed on the rotary travel of 360 ^*, in preference to 1'aide steam distributed automatically by a rotary device (84), and

- in that after tight closure of the rotary structure-niche assembly by heat-insulated, front (99) and peripheral (100) walls, the barrel can be mounted in the open air with the insertion station and extraction of molding means in the low position.

14. Type 3 single-function barrel, intended for implementing the method according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the setting up of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 11, characterized:

- in that it comprises a rotary structure integrating two or more box rings (101) mounted outside of a hollow cylinder (102), and heating niches (n) made up of covers (103) assembled to a advantageously removable framework mainly comprising support beams (104), reinforcement gussets (105) and mounting profiles (106), said niches being provided with rolling rails (107) with stops (108) allowing 'intro¬ duce and extract laterally and horizontally the molds (m) equipped with rollers (90), - in that the concrete of the intensive heat treatment is performed on the rotary travel of 360 ^*, with the closing seal of the molds obtained by any means (109, 110) making it possible to move and keep pressed the molds against the underside of the covers integrated into the niches (the pintement profile varying according to the products to be molded and being able for example to be curved for segments), with the distribution of the vapor in the niches by any means and advantageously by a rotary device (84), and with the confinement of the vapor in the volumes of the niches produced by any closure means assigned to one or more niches, and

- in that it can advantageously be associated with a specific installation of type 10 easements simultaneously ensuring protection against the weather and automatic closing of the niches using a semi-circular thermal screen (151 to 154) covering the upper part of the barrel.

15. Specific installations of easements, intended for the implementation of the process according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to any one of claims 3 to 14, characterized:

- in that they include means which optimize the grouping of workstations according to the five main solutions of general technological flow, in their basic association with the various barrels and their optional association with ordinary installations of easements and

- in that they have particularly efficient and varied configurations of dimensions and uses.

16. Specific installation of type 1 easements, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and to form part of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 15, characterized: - in that it comprises a device for handling the closing covers of the molding means (d) consisting of a horizontal beam (111) overhanging the longitudinal axis of the upper part of the barrel being served and two synchronized electropalans (112) provided with gripping means (113) preferably with clamps, and - in that said electropalans are suspended from the horizontal beam (111) with a spacing of 0.54 L ("L" being the length of the covers), which considerably reduces the moment of flexing of the covers with regard to their length during handling (removal, holding at the desired height and positioning on the molding means filled with concrete).

17. Specific installation of type 2 easements, intended for the implementation of the process according to claims 1 and 2 and to enter into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 15, characterized:

- in that it comprises, on the one hand, two advantageously synchronized and removable gripping devices (114) provided with gripping means (115) preferably with suction cups for hardened products and with grippers for the frames and, on the other hand part, a lifting device (117) movable above the upper part of the cylinder served,

- in that said gripping devices (114) are suspended from the lifting device (117) by means of a beam balanced by cables (116), and - in that this assembly, advantageously automated , allows this installation to provide or facilitate all or part of the following functions:

- demolding (D) of the hardened products (I);

- the transfer of said products either to an ordinary finishing installation, or to a specific type 8 easement installation;

- the transfer and placement (M) of the armatures in the molding means being cleaned and oiled at the top of the barrel; - mounting and changing the molding means.

18. Specific installation of type 3 easements, intended for the implementation of the process according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the formation of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 15, characterized:

- in that it comprises, on the one hand, a tilting beam (118) provided with two head axes (119), means for gripping the covers (121) and means for gripping the finished products and frames (122) preferably removable and, on the other hand, a carriage (123) movable above the upper part of the barrel served,

- in that the tilting beam (118) is assembled to the mobile carriage (123) using a device (120) which ensures its tilting of 180 ^* and a device

(124) which ensures its vertical displacement, and

- in that this assembly, advantageously automated, allows this installation to ensure or facilitate all or part of the following functions: - the removal and tilting at 180 ^* of the cover (c2) closing the molding means stopped at the top the barrel served;

- demolding (H) of the hardened products (n) _f provided in some cases with head screens (39); - The transfer of said products either to an ordinary installation of easements, or to a specific installation of type 8 easements, mounted outside the barrel served preferably in its longitudinal axis; - the transfer and placement (MP) of the armatures in the molding means (m or bm) being cleaned and oiled at the top of the barrel;

- the installation of the closure cover on the molding means once filled with concrete; - mounting and changes of said molding means.

19. Specific installation of type 4 easements, intended for the implementation of the process according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to claims 15, characterized:

- in that it comprises a multi-purpose trolley (126) overhanging the upper section of the cylinder served, a trolley integrating horizontal displacement means (127), vertical displacement means (128), as well as gripping means cores (129), and - in that this very compact, advantageously automated carriage, provides or facilitates all or part of the following functions: - the initial demolding (DI) by removing the top of the barrel from the multifunction core (na6) provided on each side wall with at least one hardened product (69);

- the transfer of the core provided with hardened products to the external release station; - the laying of the core fitted with reinforcements in the support shell (cs6) being cleaned and oiled at the top of the barrel;

- mounting and changes of molding means.

20. Specific installation of type 5 easements, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 15, characterized: what it comprises a frame of the tool holder type (130), equipped with at least one central row of means for gripping the cores (131) and two lateral rows of means for gripping hardened products (132) preferably separable, and - in that said frame, linked to a rolling beam (133) movable above the barrel served, preferably transversely with respect thereto, allows the installation obtained, advantageously automated, to ensure or to facilitate all or part of the following functions:

- the removal of the cover (ç7), closing the battery of molds stopped at the top of the barrel and its transfer on the floor overhanging the barrel (preferably opposite side to the workstations); - the initial demoulding (D1), by the second removal of the removable core (na7) driving on each side wall a hardened product, such as for example a honeycomb post (74);

- The transfer of said loaded core of said posts to the final release station (D2), located at the end of the aforementioned floor;

- 1 * evacuation of hardened products;

- the transfer of the demolded core through the cleaning-oiling stations (NH2) and the positioning and tensioning of the reinforcements (MP + MT); - finally the transfer of the core loaded with reinforcements

(a), in its support shell (cs7), being cleaned and oiled (NH1), at the top of the barrel;

- mounting and changing the molding means.

21. Specific installation of type 6 easements, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 15, characterized: - in that 'It includes a device which performs the opening and closing of the side walls of the battery of molds stopped at the top of the barrel, positive device preferably made up of several main cylinders (134) coupled to secondary cylinders ( 135),

- in that it comprises a device which performs the separation of hardened products (74) with respect to the removable carrier core (na7), a device mainly consisting of a support frame (136) provided with double-acting jacks ( 137) linked to movable arms (138) provided with suction cups (139) and in certain cases with vibrators, and

- in that the combination of the two devices described with a specific type 5 installation makes it possible to provide deferred release in two phases, the initial phase (D1) of which is carried out at the top of the barrel served and whose final phase (D2) is carried out on the support frame (136) advantageously disposed at one end of the floor overhanging the barrel served.

22. Specific installation of type 7 easements, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and to form part of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 15, characterized: - in that it comprises a circular thermal screen (140) mounted in a fixed position around the cylinder served by means of connecting elements (142), a screen equipped with a series of electric or gas radiators (142) over about a quarter of its circumference, in the initial part thereof relative to the direction of rotation of the barrel served, and - in that it allows intensive heat treatment of the concrete by radiation, the temperature rise phase of which (TT1) s '' performs roughly on the first third of the rotary path of the molding means, the isothermal phase (TT2) is carried out either on the second third, or on the second and third third of said path and whose cooling phase TT3) is carried out either on the third third of said route, or outside the barrel, for example on a specific type 8 installation.

23. Specific installation of type 8 easements, intended for implementing the method according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the consti¬ tution of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 15, characterized:

- in that it comprises, on the one hand, a modular rotary framework (143) having the same rate of rotation step by step as that of the barrel served, framework provided with several support chairs (144) in turn provided with a few rotary arms (145) ensuring the blocking of hardened products in said chairs during their tilting and, on the other hand, vertical transfer means (146) and horizontal transfer means ( 147) hardened products; and

- in that by associating with these equipment an armature preparation station (PA), placed on the ascending side at a desired height, one obtains a service barrel (secondary barrel) preferably arranged at one end of the main barrel, in its longitudinal axial plane, which provides or facilitates the following functions:

- reception of the hardened products removed from the mold at the top of the barrel served;

- the cooling (TT3) of the hardened products during their rotation from top to bottom;

- the descent and transfer of said products to the depot; - preparing the reinforcements (a) in groups preferably using head screens (39) and in some cases separation screens;

- the routing of the armatures thus prepared up to the top of the barrel of easements awaiting their assumption of responsibility either by an ordinary gripping installation, or by a specific type 2 or 3 gripping installation.

24. Specific installation of type 9 easements, intended for the implementation of the process according to claims 1 and 2 and to form part of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 15, characterized:

- in that it comprises two ergonomic gangways produced using a series of arms (148) preferably in "Z", the lower horizontal part of which incorporates an insulating floor (149) and the part of which horizontal high is provided either with means ensuring their tilting (150), or with means ensuring their sliding (vertical or horizontal),

- in that at each stop of a molding means at the top of the barrel, said gateways tilt or slide one to the left and the other to the right of the molding means, thereby facilitating access for workers, and

- In that once the molding means filled and closed, the two gateways disappear, allowing the barrel to rotate by one step, time during which said gateways advantageously act as a railing.

25. Specific installation of type 10 easements, intended for the implementation of the process according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the setting up of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 15, characterized:

- in that it comprises a semi-circular thermal screen consisting of a resistance framework (151), a heat-insulated envelope (152), two gutters (153) and a few sealing strips (154),

- in that said screen remains in the high position of the single-function barrel despite the movements of the latter, thanks to the rollers (155) with which it is provided, and

- in that it performs the following functions:

- weather protection;

- instant melting of snow;

- automatic closing of the heating niches.

26. Optimized assembly structures, intended for implementing the method according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the creation of workshops and barrel factories according to any one of claims 3 to 25, characterized:

- in that they achieve the integration of the various types of multifunctional barrels with easement facilities within the framework of some so-called privileged associations enabling the highest levels of concentration and automation to be achieved,

- in that an optimized type 1 structure incorporates by way of example in the case of a first privileged association a multifunction type 1 barrel, at least two ordinary easement installations (one for supplying and distributing concrete and one for cleaning and oiling the molds) and three specific installations for easements of types 1, 2 and 9,

- in that an optimized type 2 structure incorporates, for example in the context of a second preferred association, a type 2 multifunctional barrel, at least the two ordinary facilities for the above-mentioned easements and three specific facilities for the easements of types 3, 7 and 8,

- an optimized type 3 structure incorporates by way of example in the context of a third privileged association a multifunction type 6 barrel, all or part of ordinary easement installations and a specific type of easement installation, and - in what an optimized structure of type 4 integrates by way of example within the framework of a privileged fourth association all or part of the ordinary installations of easements and two specific installations of easements of types 5 and 6.

27. Optimized assembly structure of type 1, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and to enter into the constitution of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 25, characterized in that that it mainly comprises: - a multifunction frame having at least two gantries (156) linked on the one hand by two strong beams (157), provided with rails (158) so as to form a common track both for ordinary installations of easements and for installations specific easements, linked on the other hand by beams (159 and 161) supporting the cladding (160) and the roof (162) and finally linked by two multi-purpose beams (163), preferably tubular, mounted in carrier overhang with the help of some consoles of high inertia (164), these latter beams being provided, on the one hand, with support-wall pieces (165), support-platform pieces (166), support-pieces curtains (167) and sealing parts (168) and, on the other hand, in certain cases, ventilation means (169) and / or heat recovery (170);

- Two lateral platforms (171), preferably heat-insulated, mounted in a console on the multi-purpose beams, these platforms being, in certain cases, equipped at their ends overhanging the barrel with a specific type 9 installation;

- two side walls preferably in a semi-warp (172) mounted overhanging the barrel, between the two multi-purpose beams and the support-cladding beams (159), and two front walls (173) mounted between the gantries (156) and the semi-warped walls (172);

- two lateral closing devices of the barrel formed using counterweight curtains (174 and 175) mounted on reels (176) suspended by means of bearings (177) and connecting pieces (167) on the beams multipurpose (163).

28. Optimized assembly structure of type 2, intended for the implementation of the process according to claims 1 and 2 and for entering into the creation of workshops and barrel factories according to claims 25, characterized in that it mainly comprises: - a main frame having two rows of posts (180) provided with a series of small mounting brackets (181), rows linked in the first place by two longitudinal beams (182) provided several gous¬ sets (183) having, welded on their ends, a few curved plates (184) which initially ensure the mounting of the lower part (about a third) of the heat shield (140) forming the object of the specific type 7 installation and, in a second step, the two lateral parts of said screen, rows linked secondly by two transverse box beams (185) so as to ensure the mounting of the barrel by means of two preset bearings (186), rows linked thirdly by two longitudinal beams

(187) ensuring the assembly of five work and / or passage platforms, including two head platforms

(188), a central platform (189) arranged between the main barrel and the secondary barrel and two platforms (190) arranged laterally with respect to the secondary barrel, rows connected in fourth place by two longitudinal beams (191) provided gussets

(192) having on the one hand plates (184) which ensure the mounting of the two lateral parts of the specific installation of type 7 and having on the other hand a few arms

(193) which facilitate the production of two lateral platforms (194) partially overhanging the barrel, rows linked in fifth place by two longitudinal beams (195) serving as support for the roof (196), roof made up of one or several assemblies preferably equipped before mounting a track (197) common to the installations of ordinary and specific easements;

- A secondary frame having two head gantries (198) linked by at least two longitudinal beams (199), gantries endowed with a part of two support beams (200) provided with vertical adjustment means (201), so as to assemble the specific installation of type 8, at the optimal height with respect to the main barrel and, on the other hand, provided with two gangways head (202).

29. Optimized assembly structure of type 3, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and to form part of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 25, characterized in that it comprises mainly: - a ship hull (203) reinforced by transverse (204) and longitudinal (205) ribs, hull firstly provided with a multifunction bottom frame having transverse beams (206) and longitudinal beams (207) welded to the desired height on the transverse ribs (204) so that said frame simultaneously supports the support frames (208) for lifting and rotating the barrel, the support for the engine room floor (generator, hydraulic group, compressor , boiler, etc.) located at one end of the barrel, the support for the floor of the maintenance and various storage room located at the other end of the barrel, the riser e of said frames and floors for their removal from possible infiltration water, the bracing of the hull, the uniform distribution of the loads transmitted by the aforementioned equipment and the adjustable ballast, hull secondly provided with two floors (209 ) arranged at the two ends of the barrel at an optimal height so as to ensure simultaneously the bracing of the lateral walls of the shell, the ground for the work stations outside the barrel (D2, E, NH2, PA, etc.), the floor of the various annexes (toilets, laboratories, offices, etc.), and the ceilings of the aforementioned rooms (machines, maintenance, storage, etc.), hull finally fitted with third place of two upper bridges (210), pivoting or not, overhanging the barrel,

- an arched frame (211), the bases of which rest on the side walls of the hull and the upper part of which incorporates a rolling track common to the two ordinary installations for supplying-distributing the concrete and cleaning-oiling the molds and common to a specific type 4 installation, a track which advantageously consists of two beams (212) secured to each other and to the arched frame by gussets (213) so as to ensure transverse stiffening at the same time and the longitudinal bracing of said frame equipped with fixed or mobile covering elements (214).

30. Optimized assembly structure of type 4, intended for the implementation of the method according to claims 1 and 2 and to form part of workshops and barrel factories according to claim 25, characterized in that it comprises mainly: - a technical floor with a strong framework (216) mounted on several rows of posts (215), a floor that stands out for its level overhanging the barrel, by an opening of dimensions larger than those of the battery of molds open at the top of the barrel, by the support of a track (217) mounted on the longitudinal edges of said opening of the floor and by its function of the ceiling of the room (218) available for the development of many ordinary facilities of easements; - a track (219) with extension outside the structure, allowing the specific type 5 installation to serve both the workstations (B, DA and NH1) arranged axially with respect to the barrel as well as the workstations ( E, D2, NH2, MP and MT) arranged on the technical floor (216) transversely to the barrel; - several roof trusses not shown;

- A heat shield (140), the two upper parts of which are integral with the thermal floor (216) and posts (215) and the lower part of which rests on supports (220).