EP0616790B1 - Liaison articulée pour un appareil ménager comme notamment un aspirateur, un appareil de nettoyage à vapeur ou appareils semblables - Google Patents

Liaison articulée pour un appareil ménager comme notamment un aspirateur, un appareil de nettoyage à vapeur ou appareils semblables Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0616790B1
EP0616790B1 EP94104388A EP94104388A EP0616790B1 EP 0616790 B1 EP0616790 B1 EP 0616790B1 EP 94104388 A EP94104388 A EP 94104388A EP 94104388 A EP94104388 A EP 94104388A EP 0616790 B1 EP0616790 B1 EP 0616790B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
handle
connection
appliance
joint
articulated connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94104388A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0616790A2 (fr
EP0616790A3 (en
Inventor
Wieland Gühne
Heinz-Jürgen Ahlf
Peter Hannemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH
Original Assignee
Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH filed Critical Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH
Priority to SI9430269T priority Critical patent/SI0616790T1/xx
Publication of EP0616790A2 publication Critical patent/EP0616790A2/fr
Publication of EP0616790A3 publication Critical patent/EP0616790A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0616790B1 publication Critical patent/EP0616790B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40—Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • A47L11/4036—Parts or details of the surface treating tools
    • A47L11/4044—Vacuuming or pick-up tools; Squeegees
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/34—Machines for treating carpets in position by liquid, foam, or vapour, e.g. by steam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40—Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • A47L11/408—Means for supplying cleaning or surface treating agents
    • A47L11/4088—Supply pumps; Spraying devices; Supply conduits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/24—Hoses or pipes; Hose or pipe couplings
    • A47L9/242—Hose or pipe couplings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an articulated connection for a Household appliance such as, in particular, a vacuum cleaner Steam cleaning device or the like, the hinge connection between a preferably tubular Carrying out a fluid or suction or compressed air trained tool handle and a work attachment as Swivel joint and optionally also as a tilt joint is trained, two swivel joints are provided between the Working attachment and a connector as well as between the Connector and the handle.
  • a Household appliance such as, in particular, a vacuum cleaner Steam cleaning device or the like
  • the hinge connection between a preferably tubular Carrying out a fluid or suction or compressed air trained tool handle and a work attachment as Swivel joint and optionally also as a tilt joint is trained, two swivel joints are provided between the Working attachment and a connector as well as between the Connector and the handle.
  • Such an articulation is known from DE-A-3529777.
  • DE-PS 28 53 898 is an articulated connection known, the articulation is designed as a connecting piece, which rotates and is tiltably mounted in the working attachment and from one in the front attachment tiltable and there is a rotatably mounted connector.
  • This connector is in turn with the household appliance such as a vacuum cleaner, a steam cleaner or the like connected.
  • the between Front and connecting part provided slewing ring allows twisting of the two parts against each other.
  • the central axes of the two parts of the articulation are aligned in a basic position.
  • the connection part rotates against the front part the central axis of the connecting part around the central axis of the front part, so that the two parts after Twist an angle of approx. 10 to 20 ° to each other take in.
  • the object of the present invention is the known Articulated connection, in particular with regard to a Improve manageability, further training.
  • the according to the invention Design enables a rotary movement of the header perform without a movement of the Device handle on a conical surface is required. Rather, the tool handle only needs a longitudinal axis to be turned. This is especially true if the connector, what the invention enables, knee-like, i.e. with a bent course. Of the The angle between the handle and the attachment can also be are retained when the handle is turned, which is particularly important when handling the household appliance has a positive effect. If the connector, as already mentioned, it is kinked, results in particular when Air, steam or the like has the advantage that the swivel joints between axially aligned areas of the Articulated connection can be formed.
  • This kink has a favorable handling technology Angle on, so that the handle of the device at an angle is brought to the work resolution, which for the improved Handling of the device contributes.
  • This configuration can still be improved as basically addressed that the connector tiltable in the Working header is stored.
  • the handle with the attachment directly to couple rigidly. This can be done with a simple Design approximately in the form of a flexible cardan shaft done, which one end with the swivel between the header and the connector and other with the swivel between the connector and the handle is connected.
  • the Coupling realized by meshing gears. Due to this configuration, an over or Reduction are made possible.
  • a twist of the Device handle is used as a meshing Gears realized clutch with a gear ratio transferred to the work resolution.
  • the intermeshing Gears allow the work handle to rotate under or, as preferred, translated to the Transfer work intent. While twisting the Device handle can the latter at the same angle to Work resolution remains.
  • the gears arranged in the area of the kink of the connecting piece There are bevel gears. The central axis is aligned of each bevel gear with that of each Bevel gear associated swivel.
  • Shock absorbers are provided in the area of the articulated connection.
  • the handle of the device via a resilient transmission element to a provided within the connector Coupling part acts. If, for example in the course of using the work header (off-center) moves against a piece of furniture, the force peak cushioned in the shock absorber. About this measure can mitigate impacts or absorb force peaks be without the positive connection in the clutch is solved.
  • the transmission element is designed as a spring winding, which is biased against the coupling part. To transfers to achieve the biasing force of the spring winding the latter every rotational movement of the handle the coupling part assigned to the spring winding, for example Bevel gear, over which in turn one Rotary movement of the header is effected.
  • the torsional tension of the spring winding the torque is entirely in the spring winding transfer. It proves to be particularly advantageous also that, due to the pretension of the spring winding, the work resolution is always in a basic position held or in a collision again is pivoted back (with unchanged angle of rotation of the Handle). It is provided that the handle of the device Depending on the direction of rotation on one or the other end the spring winding acts. Regardless of the direction of rotation This reduces the impact on the handle of the device or force peaks added without decoupling between the working attachment and the handle. Furthermore, it is provided that the coupling part is designed as a tubular line part. The latter serves to carry a fluid or suction or Compressed air.
  • a household appliance 1 is shown and described, that in the exemplary embodiment is a steam cleaning device is.
  • This household appliance 1 has a tubular design Device handle 2, which ends with one Device handle 3 and elsewhere via an articulated connection 4 is provided with a working attachment 5.
  • the handle 2 carries a device housing 6 for receiving engine, water tank and other units.
  • the articulated connection 4 can be tilted in the working attachment 5 stored and dipped with its free end in this assigned end of the handle 2.
  • a form-fitting Connection is through the entry of a resilient button 7 of the articulation 4 in one appropriately designed recess 8 of the handle 2 in the area of the transition from the articulated connection 4 to the handle 2.
  • the articulation 4 is shown schematically. It can be seen that the articulation 4 essentially consists of three sections. A first section forms a connecting piece 9, which the spring button described above 7 and in the associated end of the tubular Device handle 2 is insertable, the button 7 and the recess 8 of the handle 2 a snap connection form.
  • the connecting piece 9 thus forms only an extension of the handle 2.
  • On the end of the connecting piece opposite the handle 2 9 is the latter via a first swivel joint 10 a bent connector 11 is arranged.
  • the connecting piece 11 transmits a second swivel joint 12 a coupling member 13, which tiltably mounted in the working attachment 5 via pins 14 is.
  • the work attachment 5 has corresponding instructions Recesses 15 on.
  • the central axes of the coupling member 13 and the connecting piece 9 are with a and b referred to, where the intersection S of the two Central axes a and b within the kinked Connector 11 is.
  • Coaxial to the central axis b is the coupling member 13 of the articulation 4
  • a corresponding design also applies to the connecting piece 9.
  • the spring winding 21 here forms a resilient transmission element 22, which until the preload is exceeded a non-rotatable coupling of the two sections 19 and 20 of the coupling part 18 forms.
  • the two Sections 19 and 20 are stops 19 ', 19' 'and 20 ', 20' ', to which the ends of the spring winding 21 support, molded, the stops 19 'and 20' each directly on the respective subsection 19 or 20 are provided.
  • the stops 19 "and 20" on the other hand protrude from the respective subsection 19 or 20, to the area of the other subsection 19 or 20.
  • the spring winding 21 is thus supported at one end at the stops 19 'and 20' 'in the area of the subsection 19 and at the other end at the stops 19 '' and 20 'in the region of subsection 20, whereby the Handle 2 depending on the direction of rotation on one or other end of the spring winding 21 acts.
  • the coupling part 18 points at its intersection S of the central axes end facing a and b also a bevel gear 23, which with the bevel gear 17 of the coupling part 16 combs. This can be done by different sizes of the individual bevel gears 17 and 23 an over or Reduction of the gear connection can be realized.
  • a rotary movement of the handle 2 is about positive connection of button 7 and recess 8 transferred to the connecting piece 9, whereby a axial rotary movement of the first section 19 of the Coupling part 18 is effected.
  • This rotation will by means of the prestressed spring winding 21 on the second Transfer section 20 of the coupling part 18, which over the bevel gear meshing with the bevel gear 17 23 a corresponding rotation of the coupling part 16 causes.
  • the non-positive connection of coupling part 16 and coupling member 13 of Hinge connection 4 is thus a twist of the header 5 scored.
  • a Tilting the implement handle 2 via the coupling member 13 the articulation 4 take place since the latter, as already mentioned, tiltable about the pin 14 in the working attachment 5 is stored.
  • a gear ratio is advantageous of the two bevel gears 17, 23 of, for example 1: 2 preferred to by relatively small rotary movements on Device handle 2 correspondingly larger rotary movements of the Achieve work resolution 5.
  • Independent of Rotation or tilting movement of the handle 2 remain the central axes a and b always in the same, fixed Angles to each other. This fact can be used carry out a fluid or suction or To provide compressed air axially to the central axes a and b, making complicated seals unnecessary.
  • This biased spring winding 21 transmits up to Exceeding the preload any torque from first section 19 to second section 20 of the coupling part 18.
  • the torque exceeds the biasing force of the spring winding 21, causes the torque a twisting of the spring winding 21, with what the latter no torsionally rigid connection between the sections 19 and 20 more forms.
  • the articulation 4 is detailed in a longitudinal section shown in Figure 3.
  • the connecting piece 9 is in this case tubular, the connection piece 11 facing away area 24 tapers to Entry into the tubular device handle 2 is formed is.
  • the connector 11th In the area 25 opposite the area 24 of the connecting piece 9 occurs the connector 11th one which has an annular groove 26 in the region of the transition has, in which a corresponding projection 27 of the Connection piece 9 to form the first swivel joint 10 occurs.
  • the tubular connector 11 essentially consists of a straight line extending area facing the connecting piece 9 28 and one facing away from the connecting piece 9 Buckling area 29 together.
  • annular recess 30 formed for receiving an annular bead 31 of the coupling member 13th annular bead 31 and ring recess 30 form the second swivel joint 12th
  • the hinge connection 4 is via the coupling member 13 can be tilted in the working attachment by means of tubular pins 14 5 stored, for which the latter a corresponding recess 15 has.
  • the central axes of the rotary joints 10 and 12 are also here as already indicated in Figure 2 with a and b.
  • the intersection S of the two central axes a and b lies within the kink area 29 of the connector 11, the two central axes a and b being a fixed one Take an angle of, for example, 100 °.
  • this is the coupling part 16 assigned non-positively, which in turn its area opposite the working header 5 axially receives the bevel gear 17.
  • the section 20 is here by a cylinder aligned axially to the central axis 32 formed, which axially forms a bore 33 of a flow channel 34.
  • the bevel gear 23 is made of the same material molded. Starting from this bevel gear 23 the cylinder 32 extends into the transition region from area 24 to area 25 of the connecting piece 9.
  • the other section 19 forms a tubular Connection part 35, which in the area of the connecting piece 11 sheathed the cylinder 32 at a distance and itself to the area 24 of the connecting piece 9 in steps rejuvenated.
  • a Entry channel 37 is provided, which to the central axis a runs coaxially.
  • the free end area of the cylinder 32 enters a first stage of the tapered zone 36 of the Connection part 35 and is there with an annular seal 38th Mistake.
  • Carrying out a fluid or suction or Compressed air takes place via the inlet channel 37 in the Flow channel 34 of the cylinder 32 and via in the kink area 29 arranged knee 39, which up to reaches the working attachment 5 and there with the tubular Pin 14 is plugged sealingly.
  • the central axes of the two pipe legs 40 and 41 of the line knee 39 have the same angle to each other as that between the two central axes a and b of the articulation 4.
  • the pipe elbow projects with one pipe leg 40 39 axially into the cylinder 32, where in Area of a ring step a corresponding seal is provided.
  • This pipe leg 40 thus passes through also axially the bevel gear 23 of the coupling part 18th
  • Coupling parts 16 and 18 is also the break point the line knee 39, from where the other Pipe leg 41 axially through the bevel gear 17 and that Coupling part 16 into the area of the header 5 extends and there, as already mentioned, into the tubular Pin 14 opens.
  • These pins 14 have the rest a double function during the operation of the household appliance 1. On the one hand, as already mentioned, these enable a tilting of the handle 2 over the Working resolution 5, and on the other hand they also serve Carrying out a fluid or suction or compressed air over the entire surface of the header 5 in Shape of a distributor.
  • a tilted position is shown in broken lines in FIG the joint 4 shown.
  • the Cylinder 32 comprising spring winding 21 is arranged in the between the cylinder 32 and the wall of the Connection part 35 left space 42 .
  • This spring winding 21 is inserted with a bias, the one facing the connecting piece 9 End 48 enters a recess 43 of the cylinder 32 and against an inwardly projecting pin 44 the connecting part 35 supports and the other end 49th on the one hand also against an inwardly projecting Pin 45 of the connecting part 35 and the other against one placed on the outer jacket of the cylinder 32 Trailing pin 46 supports (see Figures 4 and 5).
  • the bias of the spring winding 21 is chosen so that during normal operation, a rotation of the handle 2 over the connecting piece 9 and in this form and non-positively embedded connection part 35 a Power transmission by means of the spring winding 21 on the Cylinder 32 takes place. They are in this state Sections 19 and 20 or connecting part 35 and cylinder 32 non-rotatably connected.
  • This rotation is now on the bevel gear connection transmit the coupling member 13 of the articulated connection 4, where due to the different sizes of the Bevel gears 17, 23 a ratio of approx. 1: 2 he follows.
  • the rotatably connected to the coupling member 13 Working header 5 is now almost doubled Angle degrees twisted so that an advance of the Working resolution 5 is done.
  • FIG. 8 Such a situation is shown in FIG. 8, for example. It can be seen that even after turning the Handle 2 and a twisting that goes with it of the attachment 5, the axes a and b continue in one plane remain, the angle between them both axes a and b also remain the same (see Figure 9).
  • Figures 12 to 15 show sectional views through the end regions 48, 49 of the spring winding 21, the Figures 12 and 13 refer to a rotation in the left direction and Figures 14 and 15 relate to twisting relate in the right direction.
  • the spring winding 21 is from the basic position 4, one end 49 of the spring winding 21 carried over the pin 46 of the cylinder 32, the other end 48 continues to attach to the pin 44 the connecting part 35 supports.
  • a right turn occurs one according to Figures 14 and 15, so that is Connection piece 9 facing end 48 of the spring winding 21 carried over the recess 43 of the cylinder 32, with the other end 49 now the inwardly facing pin 45 of the connector 35 supports.
  • Independent of the direction of rotation automatically after the application of force Resetting the work header 5 to the basic position according to Figures 4 and 5 (with unchanged angle of rotation of the handle).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Filters For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Liaison articulée (4) pour un appareil domestique (1), tel qu'en particulier un aspirateur (à poussières), ou un appareil de nettoyage à la vapeur, la liaison articulée (4), entre un manche d'appareil (2), réalise de préférence à la façon d'un tube pour permettre le guidage d'un fluide ou de l'air comprimé ou en dépression, et un adaptateur de travail (5) étant réalisée sous la forme d'une articulation tournante et, le cas échéant, en plus, d'une articulation basculante, dans lequel deux articulations tournantes (10, 12) sont prévues, entre l'adaptateur de travail (5) et une pièce de liaison (11), ainsi qu'entre la pièce de liaison (11) et le manche d'appareil (2), caractérisé en ce que le manche d'appareil (2) agit sur une partie d'accouplement (18) prévue à l'intérieur de la pièce de liaison (11), par l'intermédiaire d'un élément de transmission (22) apte à se déformer élastiquement.
  2. Liaison articulée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de transmission (22) est réalisé sous la forme d'un enroulement élastique (21), précontraint par rapport à la partie d'accouplement (18).
  3. Liaison articulée selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le manche d'appareil (2) agit sur l'une ou l'autre extrémité (48, 49) de l'enroulement élastique (21), selon le sens de rotation.
  4. Liaison articulée selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caracterisée en ce que la partie d'accouplement (18) est réalisée sous la forme d'une partie de conduite de forme tubulaire.
  5. Liaison articulée selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la partie de conduite est reliée, d'une façon permettant une rotation, à un coude de conduite (39) disposé dans la zone de coude (29) qui s'étend jusqu'à l'adaptateur de travail.
  6. Liaison articulée selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la liaison articulée (4) est montée dans l'adaptateur de travail (5) de façon susceptible de basculer ou de pivoter.
EP94104388A 1993-03-24 1994-03-21 Liaison articulée pour un appareil ménager comme notamment un aspirateur, un appareil de nettoyage à vapeur ou appareils semblables Expired - Lifetime EP0616790B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI9430269T SI0616790T1 (en) 1993-03-24 1994-03-21 Articulated connection for a household appliance such as especially a vacuum cleaner, a steam cleaning apparatus or the like

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4309432 1993-03-24
DE4309432A DE4309432A1 (de) 1993-03-24 1993-03-24 Gelenkverbindung für ein Haushaltsgerät wie insbesondere einen Staubsauger, ein Dampfreinigungsgerät oder dergleichen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0616790A2 EP0616790A2 (fr) 1994-09-28
EP0616790A3 EP0616790A3 (en) 1996-01-31
EP0616790B1 true EP0616790B1 (fr) 1999-09-01

Family

ID=6483637

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94104388A Expired - Lifetime EP0616790B1 (fr) 1993-03-24 1994-03-21 Liaison articulée pour un appareil ménager comme notamment un aspirateur, un appareil de nettoyage à vapeur ou appareils semblables

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0616790B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE183907T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4309432A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0616790T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2135497T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3031604T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI0616790T1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014107812A1 (de) 2014-06-03 2015-12-03 Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh Staubsaugerdüse für einen Staubsauger

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT3354182T (pt) * 2017-01-31 2021-07-07 Bissell Homecare Inc Aparelho de limpeza a vapor

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1658311A (en) * 1926-06-09 1928-02-07 Tonso Domenick Vacuum-cleaner attachment
US3717896A (en) * 1971-01-26 1973-02-27 Shur Line Mfg Paint applicator
DE2853898C2 (de) * 1978-12-14 1986-09-11 Vorwerk & Co Interholding Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Anschlußstutzen für Zusatzgeräte von Hand- oder Bodenstaubsaugern
DE8436154U1 (de) * 1984-12-11 1985-04-25 Vorwerk & Co Interholding Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Saugschlauch fuer staubsauger
DE3515711A1 (de) * 1985-05-02 1986-11-06 Ertl GmbH, 5485 Sinzig Rotierende waschbuerste
DE3529777A1 (de) * 1985-08-20 1987-02-26 Vorwerk Co Interholding Rohrgelenkverbindung fuer staubsaugerduesen
DE9101739U1 (de) * 1991-02-15 1992-03-12 Coronet - Werke Heinrich Schlerf Gmbh, 6948 Wald-Michelbach Bodenreinigungsgerät
DE9110171U1 (de) * 1991-08-16 1993-03-25 Vorwerk & Co Interholding Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Dampfreinigungsgerät

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014107812A1 (de) 2014-06-03 2015-12-03 Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh Staubsaugerdüse für einen Staubsauger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR3031604T3 (en) 2000-01-31
ES2135497T3 (es) 1999-11-01
DE4309432A1 (de) 1994-09-29
DK0616790T3 (da) 2000-04-03
DE59408672D1 (de) 1999-10-07
ATE183907T1 (de) 1999-09-15
SI0616790T1 (en) 1999-12-31
EP0616790A2 (fr) 1994-09-28
EP0616790A3 (en) 1996-01-31

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