EP0615652A1 - Interrupteur a vide. - Google Patents

Interrupteur a vide.

Info

Publication number
EP0615652A1
EP0615652A1 EP92923684A EP92923684A EP0615652A1 EP 0615652 A1 EP0615652 A1 EP 0615652A1 EP 92923684 A EP92923684 A EP 92923684A EP 92923684 A EP92923684 A EP 92923684A EP 0615652 A1 EP0615652 A1 EP 0615652A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fixed contact
contact
vacuum switch
contacts
radius
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92923684A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0615652B1 (fr
Inventor
Guenter Lins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0615652A1 publication Critical patent/EP0615652A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0615652B1 publication Critical patent/EP0615652B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H33/182—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6641—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings making use of a separate coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6644—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having coil-like electrical connections between contact rod and the proper contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6644—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having coil-like electrical connections between contact rod and the proper contact
    • H01H33/6645—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having coil-like electrical connections between contact rod and the proper contact in which the coil like electrical connections encircle at least once the contact rod

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum switch with switching contacts, which are arranged in the housing of an essentially cylindrical vacuum chamber and one of which is designed as a fixed contact and the other as a movable contact, and to which a magnet system is assigned which is outside the housing is arranged at the end of the power supply to the fixed contact.
  • This rotational movement can be increased by a magnet system which contains a plurality of permanent magnets which are arranged within the vacuum chamber in the switch contacts.
  • This magnet system has a relatively complicated structure and is relatively difficult to access (DE-PS 31 15 783).
  • a magnet system which serves to increase the arc movement and is arranged outside the housing at the end of a power supply for the fixed contact.
  • This vacuum switch contains flat pot contacts with ring-shaped arc running surfaces.
  • the cover or the bottom of the housing is provided with a recess into which the magnet is inserted.
  • One pole face of the magnet is on the floor below the fixed contact and the other pole face is relatively far away from the fixed contact.
  • the special design of the base or lid with the magnet system creates additional welding or soldering points which can give rise to problems with regard to the tightness of the vacuum chamber (US Pat. No. 3,082,307).
  • the object of the invention is to simplify and improve this known embodiment of a vacuum switch, in particular the effect of the magnetic field on the cathode spots of the arc is to be increased and the structure of the switch is to be simplified.
  • Magnet systems for moving the cathode spot of an arc 1 with an essentially cylindrical magnetic circuit are known, the central pole face of which is formed by an annular disk-shaped pole face of the
  • This magnet system forms a magnetic field which is concentrated in a central part running in the axial direction and the stray field of which acts in a ring-shaped part which acts as a concentrator and concentrically surrounds the central part.
  • the field lines form a toroidal vault whose axis of rotation lies in the cylinder axis and whose circular apex lines run coaxially to the cylinder axis.
  • the cathode spot of an arc takes on under the influence of a sufficiently strong magnetic field
  • the magnet system can be with a permanent magnet (US Pat. No. 4,673,477) or with an electromagnet (US Pat
  • Magnet system at the end of the power supply and at least indirectly, preferably directly at the fixed contact, the forms the bottom or cover of the housing and is formed at least in its central part as a flat or disc contact. It can optionally be provided with a slightly raised central contact area, which is then surrounded concentrically by a burn-off area.
  • the magnet system is thus in the immediate vicinity of the contact point and is preferably designed such that a central pole face is concentrically surrounded by an annular pole face of the other pole.
  • the magnet system can contain both a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. Furthermore, the power supply itself can be designed as a magnetic coil, which is then surrounded concentrically by a concentrator.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a vacuum switch according to the invention with a magnet system which contains a permanent magnet.
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment with a magnetic coil, which is formed by the power supply, the section of which is shown in Figure 3.
  • a switch with an electromagnet is shown in Figure 4.
  • the fixed contact 2 forms the bottom or the cover in the illustrated embodiment of the housing 10, which consists of an essentially cylindrical metallic profile part 7 and a further metallic 1 see profile part 8, which are connected to one another by a hollow cylindrical insulator 9.
  • the fixed contact 2 forms the bottom or the cover in the illustrated embodiment of the housing 10, which consists of an essentially cylindrical metallic profile part 7 and a further metallic 1 see profile part 8, which are connected to one another by a hollow cylindrical insulator 9.
  • cycle 2 is positively connected to an essentially cup-shaped metallic intermediate piece 12, which as
  • ? 5 serves electrically conductive connection and is connected to a power supply 14.
  • the movable contact 4 is connected to the profile part 8 in a vacuum-tight manner with the aid of a bellows and is also fastened to a power supply line 18 which is in a central opening of the profile part 10 8 in the direction of the dash-dotted lines in the figure, but not closer designated axis of rotation of the vacuum switch is movably mounted.
  • the free end of the power supply 18 is non-positively connected to a drive (not shown in the figure) for the movable contact 4 of the vacuum switch.
  • the intermediate piece 12 serves to receive a magnet system 20 which contains a bar magnet 21 which is arranged in the axis of rotation of the switch and which is
  • concentrator 22 for the magnetic field 6 is concentrically surrounded, which is arranged on a substantially disc-shaped flux plate 23, which also forms part of the magnetic circuit and is used for radial guidance of the magnetic field 6.
  • This flow plate 23 forms with the
  • 25 trator 22 is a cup-shaped yoke that surrounds the bar magnet 21 in such a way that a magnet system 20 with an E-shaped cross section, a so-called E magnet, is created, which in this embodiment rests with its pole faces directly on the outside of the fixed contact 2.
  • Magnet system 20 provides a magnetic field 6, the field lines of which are indicated by dash-dotted lines in the figure and between the fixed contact 2 and the movable one
  • Contact 4 form a toroidal vault.
  • a vacuum Switches for a mains voltage of, for example, 1000 V and a nominal current of, for example, 630 A the contacts 2 and 4 are opened up to a contact spacing d, which is shown enlarged in the figure only for clarification.
  • the radial component of the magnetic field 6 produces a magnetic force between the contacts on the cathode spots of an arc, not shown in the figure, which causes these cathode spots to rotate on the fixed contact 2 and thus causes a correspondingly low erosion of the contacts.
  • a central bar magnet 21 is arranged on the circular disk-shaped flow plate and is concentrically surrounded by the hollow-cylindrical concentrator 22.
  • the bar magnet 21 can also be surrounded concentrically by a cup-shaped yoke.
  • the E-magnet can also consist of a single magnet, which is agnetized in such a way that a pole arises at the upper end of the central rod, which pole is surrounded concentrically by the other pole with an annular disk-shaped pole face.
  • a central bar magnet 21 can be concentrically surrounded by a larger number of further bar magnets, the direction of magnetization of which is opposite to that of the central magnet 21.
  • the magnet system 20 is dimensioned such that the radius r of the apex lines of the magnetic field 6 is at most as large as the radius r, of the smaller contact, that is the movable contact 4 in the embodiment shown.
  • the contact distance d is when the contacts are fully open dimensioned so that the magnetic field 6 on the surface before the moving contact 4 is not significantly smaller than on the surface of the fixed contact 2.
  • the fixed contact 2 and the movable contact 4 are each provided with a central contact area 24 or 25, each of which is concentrically surrounded by an erosion area 26 or 27.
  • the magnet system 20 in this embodiment of the switch consists of a magnet coil with a single turn 28, the course of which can be seen from the section in FIG. One end of this turn 28 is connected via a branch 29 to the current supply 14 and the other via a radial connection 30 to the fixed contact 2.
  • This winding 28 is arranged at a short distance, which is shown enlarged in the figure for clarification, below the fixed contact 2. To concentrate the magnetic field, the winding 28 is surrounded concentrically by a pole ring made of magnetically permeable material.
  • the magnetic field runs such that the radius of the apex line of the magnetic field is not smaller than the radius r 2 of the contact areas 24 and 25 and is not larger than the radius r, of the movable contact 4.
  • the rotation of the The arc then takes place between the erosion areas 26 and 27.
  • the magnet system 20 lies indirectly on the fixed contact 2.
  • the fixed contact 2 and the soft contact 4 are assigned a magnet system 20, which is connected to a coil body.
  • a magnet coil 32 with a larger number of turns a magnet coil 32 with a larger number of turns, a correspondingly increased magnetic force is obtained on an arc that arises between the opened contacts.
  • a central contact area is formed by a corresponding thickening of the movable contact 4.
  • contact areas 24 and 25 and in FIG. 4 appear at a generally unpredictable point or at a switch in which at least one of the contacts is provided with a contact area contact region 25, in this contact region, a metal vapor arc whose cathode spots functions under "the influence of the magnetic field 6 radial Posi ⁇ r. in the vicinity of the radial position r taking the Schei ⁇ means of the magnetic field 6. at the same time, the cathode spots move on a circular path around the center of the cathode and the erosion of contacts 2 and 4 is accordingly reduced accordingly.
  • the radius of the orbit of the cathode spots is dependent on the instantaneous current strength because the underta 'agnetfeld of the arc to the external magnetic field 6 generated by the magnetic system 20 superimposed. Furthermore, a statistical radial movement is superimposed on the circular movement of the cathode spots, the amplitude of which depends on the strength of the magnetic field 6. Both effects cause the cathode spots stress a circular region of the cathode during a sinusoidal current half-wave, so that the contact erosion is evenly distributed. The size of this circular erosion surface depends on the maximum value of the arc current and on the field strength of the magnetic field 6.
  • the effect of the magnetic field 6 is not limited to the fixed contact 2; it also occurs when the movable contact 4 acts as a cathode, provided that the contact distance d is so small that the magnetic field does not change significantly over this contact distance d. This is the case as long as the contact distance d does not significantly exceed a few millimeters.
  • At least the contact areas 24 and 25 of the two contacts 2 and 4 will generally be provided with a support, not shown in the figure, made of so-called contact material, which for example essentially consists of chrome-copper, can optionally exist with additives.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

Entre les contacts ouverts il est prévu un mouvement de l'arc électrique, ledit mouvement étant provoqué par l'action des forces magnétiques d'un système magnétique (20) disposé à l'extérieur du boîtier (10) à l'extrémité de l'arrivée de courant (14) vers le contact fixe (2). Selon l'invention, un contact fixe (2) sensiblement en forme de disque constitue le fond ou le couvercle du boîtier cylindrique creux (10). Le système magnétique (20) produit un champ magnétique (6) qui traverse le contact fixe (2) et dont les lignes forment une voûte toroïdale dont la ligne de sommet circulaire présente un rayon rs égal au maximum au rayon r1 du plus petit des deux contacts (2, 4). Le mouvement de la tache cathodique dans le champ magnétique (6) diminue en conséquence l'usure des contacts.
EP92923684A 1991-12-03 1992-11-27 Interrupteur a vide Expired - Lifetime EP0615652B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4139834 1991-12-03
DE4139834A DE4139834A1 (de) 1991-12-03 1991-12-03 Vakuumschalter
PCT/DE1992/000992 WO1993011552A1 (fr) 1991-12-03 1992-11-27 Interrupteur a vide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0615652A1 true EP0615652A1 (fr) 1994-09-21
EP0615652B1 EP0615652B1 (fr) 1995-05-17

Family

ID=6446169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92923684A Expired - Lifetime EP0615652B1 (fr) 1991-12-03 1992-11-27 Interrupteur a vide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0615652B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4139834A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993011552A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19841771C1 (de) * 1998-09-11 2000-04-20 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur Stabilisierung eines Plasmas
JP4818530B2 (ja) † 2001-04-19 2011-11-16 三菱電機株式会社 真空バルブ
FR3074607A1 (fr) 2017-12-04 2019-06-07 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Ampoule a vide pour appareil electrique de coupure
CN113097006B (zh) * 2021-03-14 2024-05-31 郑州大学 一种基于径向多极取向磁场调控的真空灭弧室结构

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3082307A (en) * 1959-04-30 1963-03-19 Gen Electric Vacuum type circuit interrupter
US3372259A (en) * 1965-05-28 1968-03-05 Gen Electric Vacuum-type electric circuit interrupter with arc-voltage limiting means
GB1258015A (fr) * 1969-11-17 1971-12-22
DE3115783C2 (de) * 1981-04-18 1985-01-10 Calor-Emag Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft, 4030 Ratingen Kontaktanordnung für Vakuumschalter
DE3215020A1 (de) * 1982-04-22 1983-10-27 Calor-Emag Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft, 4030 Ratingen Vakuumschalter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9311552A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4139834A1 (de) 1993-06-09
DE59202269D1 (de) 1995-06-22
EP0615652B1 (fr) 1995-05-17
WO1993011552A1 (fr) 1993-06-10

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