EP0613607A1 - Cyclotron isochrone compact. - Google Patents
Cyclotron isochrone compact.Info
- Publication number
- EP0613607A1 EP0613607A1 EP92923442A EP92923442A EP0613607A1 EP 0613607 A1 EP0613607 A1 EP 0613607A1 EP 92923442 A EP92923442 A EP 92923442A EP 92923442 A EP92923442 A EP 92923442A EP 0613607 A1 EP0613607 A1 EP 0613607A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hills
- cyclotron
- air gap
- radius
- sectors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFWBWPCXSWUCLB-WDSKDSINSA-N Pro-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C([O-])=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCC[NH2+]1 AFWBWPCXSWUCLB-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108010031719 prolyl-serine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cyclotron of new design in which the particle beam is focused by sectors. More particularly, the present invention relates to an isochronous cyclotron comprising an electromagnet constituting the magnetic circuit which includes at least three pairs of sectors called “hills" where the air gap is reduced, separated by spaces in the form of sectors called “valleys” where the air gap is larger.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a compact isochronous cyclotron, that is to say energized by at least one pair of main circular coils surrounding the poles of the electromagnet.
- the present invention relates to both superconductive and non-superconductive cyclotrons. State of the art
- Cyclotrons are particle accelerators used in particular for the production of radioactive isotopes.
- Cyclotrons usually consist of three separate main assemblies consisting of the electromagnet, the high frequency resonator and the vacuum chamber with pumps.
- the electromagnet guides the ions on a trajectory representing approximately a spiral of increasing radius during acceleration.
- isochronous cyclotrons a distinction must be made between compact type cyclotrons which are energized by at least one pair of main circular coils and so-called separate sector cyclotrons where the magnetic structure is divided into separate fully autonomous units.
- the first generation isochronous cyclotrons are cyclotrons which use circular coils of the conventional type, that is to say non-superconductive.
- the average induction field obtained was limited to values of 1.4 Tesla.
- a particularly favorable embodiment for a cyclotron of this type is described in patent application WO-A-8606924 where the air gap of the sectors called collines is reduced to a value close to the size of the accelerated beam, while the gap between the sectors, called val ⁇ lées, which separate the hills, is very large so that the magnetic field there is approximately zero.
- Another particularly favorable embodiment of an isochronous cyclotron focused by sectors is described in document WO-A-9107864 where the hills are merged with the accelerator system by a suitable choice of their configuration and dimensions.
- the devices for extracting known cyclotrons of the second generation have the particularity that they occupy almost an entire revolution of the machine along which one can count two to three extractors followed by three to ten focusing elements.
- a first object of the present invention aims to propose a compact isochronous cyclotron, superconductive or not, which tends to prevent the weakening of the vertical component of the induction when one approaches the radial extremity of the poles.
- the present invention is to pro- ser isochronous cyclotron where the field area can not be used to r end of the poles is reduced to a few millimeters.
- An additional aim of the present invention is to provide a cyclotron which has a simplified extraction device, in particular in the case of a superconductive cyclotron.
- the present invention relates to a compact isochronous superconductive or non-superconductive isotron cyclotron in which the particle beam is focused by sectors, comprising an electromagnet constituting the magnetic circuit which includes at least three pairs of sectors called “co- llines "where the air gap is reduced, separated by spaces in the form of sectors called” valleys "where the air gap is larger and which is energized by at least a pair of main circular coils surrounding the poles of the electro -magnet, this cyclotron being characterized in that the air gap of the hills has an essentially elliptical evolving profile which tends towards complete closure at the radial end of the hills (radius of the hills) on the median plane and more particularly which closes completely on the median plane.
- the expression “tends towards complete closure” means the configurations where there remains a small residual opening (preferably less than the vertical dimension of the accelerated beam) and the configurations where the closure of the elliptical profile of the air gap is total in the median plane.
- This shunt preferably has a radial thickness of between 2 and 10 mm so as to increase the polar radius by this amount relative to the radius of the hills.
- the closing of the air gap at the shunt should not be total; indeed, it suffices that the residual air gap remains small relative to the vertical dimension of the accelerated beams.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an exploded view of the main elements constituting the lower half of a compact isochronous cyclotron
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a cy ⁇ clotron according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows a more detailed view of an air gap between two hills having the essential features of the present invention
- FIGS. 4 to 11 are graphic representations of the value of the vertical component of the induction as a function of the radius in the median plane of the air gap located between two hills for a cyclotron of the prior art (fig. 4 and 5 ) or according to a cyclotron of the present invention (fig. 6 to 11). Description of a preferred embodiment of a cyclotron according to the invention
- the cyclotron shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 is a cyclotron intended for the acceleration of protons up to at an energy of 230 MeV.
- the magnetic structure 1 of the cyclotron is composed of a certain number of elements 2, 3, 4 and 5, made of a ferromagnetic material and of coils' 6 made of a preferably conductive or superconductive material.
- the ferromagnetic structure consists of:
- At least three upper sectors 3 called hills and the same number of lower sectors 3 '(see Figure 2) located symmetrically, with respect to a plane of symmetry 10 said median plane, to the upper sectors 3 and which are separated by a small air gap 8; between two consecutive hills, there is a space where the air gap is of higher dimension and which is called "valley" 4; - At least one flow return 5 rigidly joining the lower cylinder head 2 to the upper cylinder head 2 '.
- the coils 6 are essentially circular in shape and are located in the annular space left between the sectors 3 or 3 ′ and the flow returns 5. These coils can be made of a superconductive material but in this case it will be necessary to provide the cryogenic devices required.
- the central duct is intended to receive, at least in part, the source of particles 7 to be accelerated which are injected into the center of the device by means known per se.
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a cyclo ⁇ tron according to the present invention.
- the essential characteristic of the cyclotron according to the present invention is constituted by the fact that the air gap 8 located between two hills 3 and 3 'has an essentially elliptical evolutionary profile which tends to close on the median plane 10 at the radial end. of hills called radius of hills R ⁇ .
- the closure is complete on the shelf
- Rc or at least the residual air gap is less than the vertical dimension of the beam.
- a magnetic shunt 9 has been placed beyond the radius of the hills R between each pair of lines 3 and 3 ′, which is in the form of a metal screen which has a radial thickness included between 2 and 10 mm and preferably of the order of 6.5 mm.
- the polar radius B and the hill radius R ç no longer coincide, the polar radius being well located at the radial end of the magnetic shunt.
- At least one magnetic shunt 9 is provided with at least one opening 11 to allow the passage of the extracted beam. Preferably, it is arranged at an angle to the radius of the hills.
- FIGS. 4 to 11 represent the vertical component B z of the induction as a function of the radius ⁇ in the case of a uniform magnetization fî.
- Figures 4 and 5 show this variation in the case of a constant air gap b between two hills as is the case for a cyclotron according to the prior art.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show the variation of the magnetic induction B z as a function of the radius ⁇ in the case where the air gap is in the form of an elliptical shape completely closing at the polar radius R c , in the theoretical case of a uniform magnetization M.
- the value of the vertical component Bz (r) of the magneto-static induction for the radius less than the radius R c essentially depends on the value of the half minor axis (b) of the ellipse generating the profile of the air gap formed between two hills.
- the main advantage of this configuration of the air gap for a cyclotron according to the present invention lies in the fact that the extraction system for the particle beam will be greatly simplified compared to the extraction system for cyclotrons according to the state of prior art.
- a cyclotron according to the present invention which is intended to accelerate protons to an energy higher than 150 Mev, may have an extraction system composed only of a single electrostatic deflector followed by two or three magnetostatic channels focusers.
- these magnetostatic channels consist of soft iron bars of rectangular section of small dimension and are consequently of a very low production cost.
- a cyclotron according to the present invention has the advantage of reducing the volume of iron necessary for producing the poles of the cylinder head compared to those of a cyclotron according to the prior art.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE9101080A BE1005530A4 (fr) | 1991-11-22 | 1991-11-22 | Cyclotron isochrone |
BE9101080 | 1991-11-22 | ||
PCT/BE1992/000050 WO1993010651A1 (fr) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-11-20 | Cyclotron isochrone compact |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0613607A1 true EP0613607A1 (fr) | 1994-09-07 |
EP0613607B1 EP0613607B1 (fr) | 1996-03-20 |
Family
ID=3885817
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92923442A Expired - Lifetime EP0613607B1 (fr) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-11-20 | Cyclotron isochrone compact |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5521469A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0613607B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3100634B2 (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1005530A4 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2122583C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69209312T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0613607T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993010651A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5463291A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-10-31 | Carroll; Lewis | Cyclotron and associated magnet coil and coil fabricating process |
BE1009669A3 (fr) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-06-03 | Ion Beam Applic Sa | Methode d'extraction de particules chargees hors d'un cyclotron isochrone et dispositif appliquant cette methode. |
FR2766049B1 (fr) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-12-03 | Pantechnik | Cyclotron compact et son utilisation en proton-therapie |
US6576916B2 (en) | 1998-03-23 | 2003-06-10 | Penn State Research Foundation | Container for transporting antiprotons and reaction trap |
US6414331B1 (en) | 1998-03-23 | 2002-07-02 | Gerald A. Smith | Container for transporting antiprotons and reaction trap |
US5977554A (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 1999-11-02 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Container for transporting antiprotons |
EP1069809A1 (fr) | 1999-07-13 | 2001-01-17 | Ion Beam Applications S.A. | Cyclotron isochrone et procédé d'extraction de particules chargées hors de ce cyclotron |
CA2574122A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-02-02 | Still River Systems, Inc. | Generateur de forme d'ondes a radiofrequences programmable pour un synchrocyclotron |
EP2389983B1 (fr) | 2005-11-18 | 2016-05-25 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Radiothérapie à particules chargées |
JP2009524201A (ja) * | 2006-01-19 | 2009-06-25 | マサチューセッツ・インスティテュート・オブ・テクノロジー | 高磁場超伝導シンクロサイクロトロン |
US8003964B2 (en) | 2007-10-11 | 2011-08-23 | Still River Systems Incorporated | Applying a particle beam to a patient |
US8933650B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2015-01-13 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Matching a resonant frequency of a resonant cavity to a frequency of an input voltage |
US8581523B2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2013-11-12 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Interrupted particle source |
US8153997B2 (en) | 2009-05-05 | 2012-04-10 | General Electric Company | Isotope production system and cyclotron |
US8106370B2 (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2012-01-31 | General Electric Company | Isotope production system and cyclotron having a magnet yoke with a pump acceptance cavity |
US8106570B2 (en) | 2009-05-05 | 2012-01-31 | General Electric Company | Isotope production system and cyclotron having reduced magnetic stray fields |
US8374306B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2013-02-12 | General Electric Company | Isotope production system with separated shielding |
US9693443B2 (en) | 2010-04-19 | 2017-06-27 | General Electric Company | Self-shielding target for isotope production systems |
JP5682903B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-09 | 2015-03-11 | 学校法人早稲田大学 | 空芯型サイクロトロン |
BE1019411A4 (fr) * | 2010-07-09 | 2012-07-03 | Ion Beam Applic Sa | Moyen de modification du profil de champ magnetique dans un cyclotron. |
EP2410823B1 (fr) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-11-28 | Ion Beam Applications | Cyclotron apte à accélérer au moins deux types de particules |
BE1019557A3 (fr) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-08-07 | Ion Beam Applic Sa | Synchrocyclotron. |
US8525447B2 (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2013-09-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Compact cold, weak-focusing, superconducting cyclotron |
JP5665721B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-28 | 2015-02-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 円形加速器および円形加速器の運転方法 |
US9336915B2 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2016-05-10 | General Electric Company | Target apparatus and isotope production systems and methods using the same |
US9894746B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2018-02-13 | General Electric Company | Target windows for isotope systems |
WO2014052709A2 (fr) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Contrôle de l'intensité d'un faisceau de particules |
US9681531B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2017-06-13 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Control system for a particle accelerator |
TW201438787A (zh) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-10-16 | Mevion Medical Systems Inc | 控制粒子治療 |
CN104813748B (zh) | 2012-09-28 | 2019-07-09 | 梅维昂医疗系统股份有限公司 | 聚焦粒子束 |
TW201433331A (zh) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-09-01 | Mevion Medical Systems Inc | 線圈位置調整 |
ES2739830T3 (es) | 2012-09-28 | 2020-02-04 | Mevion Medical Systems Inc | Ajuste de energía de un haz de partículas |
US10254739B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2019-04-09 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Coil positioning system |
CN108770178B (zh) | 2012-09-28 | 2021-04-16 | 迈胜医疗设备有限公司 | 磁场再生器 |
JP2014102990A (ja) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-05 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | サイクロトロン |
US8791656B1 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-07-29 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Active return system |
US9730308B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2017-08-08 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Particle accelerator that produces charged particles having variable energies |
KR101468080B1 (ko) * | 2013-08-21 | 2014-12-05 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 사이클로트론용 전자석 시스템 |
CN105764567B (zh) | 2013-09-27 | 2019-08-09 | 梅维昂医疗系统股份有限公司 | 粒子束扫描 |
US9962560B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2018-05-08 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Collimator and energy degrader |
US10675487B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2020-06-09 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Energy degrader enabling high-speed energy switching |
US9661736B2 (en) | 2014-02-20 | 2017-05-23 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Scanning system for a particle therapy system |
DE102014003536A1 (de) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-17 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Fachbereich Patente | Supraleitender Magnetfeldstabilisator |
US9950194B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 | 2018-04-24 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Patient positioning system |
US9961756B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2018-05-01 | General Electric Company | Isotope production target chamber including a cavity formed from a single sheet of metal foil |
US10786689B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2020-09-29 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Adaptive aperture |
CN109803723B (zh) | 2016-07-08 | 2021-05-14 | 迈胜医疗设备有限公司 | 一种粒子疗法系统 |
CN106132061B (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-11-30 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | 适用于200-250MeV超导质子回旋加速器束流引出的磁通道 |
US11103730B2 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2021-08-31 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Automated treatment in particle therapy |
US10653892B2 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2020-05-19 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Configurable collimator controlled using linear motors |
JP7311620B2 (ja) | 2019-03-08 | 2023-07-19 | メビオン・メディカル・システムズ・インコーポレーテッド | 粒子線治療システムのためのコリメータおよびエネルギーデグレーダ |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2872574A (en) * | 1956-04-12 | 1959-02-03 | Edwin M Mcmillan | Cloverleaf cyclotron |
US3883761A (en) * | 1972-12-08 | 1975-05-13 | Cyclotron Corp | Electrostatic extraction method and apparatus for cyclotrons |
LU85895A1 (fr) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-12-05 | Univ Louvain | Cyclotron |
GB8512804D0 (en) * | 1985-05-21 | 1985-06-26 | Oxford Instr Ltd | Cyclotrons |
BE1003551A3 (fr) * | 1989-11-21 | 1992-04-21 | Ion Beam Applic Sa | Cyclotrons focalises par secteurs. |
-
1991
- 1991-11-22 BE BE9101080A patent/BE1005530A4/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-11-20 DE DE69209312T patent/DE69209312T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-20 US US08/240,786 patent/US5521469A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-20 JP JP05508837A patent/JP3100634B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-20 CA CA002122583A patent/CA2122583C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-20 EP EP92923442A patent/EP0613607B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-20 DK DK92923442.5T patent/DK0613607T3/da active
- 1992-11-20 WO PCT/BE1992/000050 patent/WO1993010651A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9310651A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2122583C (fr) | 2001-12-11 |
CA2122583A1 (fr) | 1993-05-23 |
JPH07501171A (ja) | 1995-02-02 |
DE69209312T2 (de) | 1996-08-22 |
DE69209312D1 (de) | 1996-04-25 |
JP3100634B2 (ja) | 2000-10-16 |
BE1005530A4 (fr) | 1993-09-28 |
EP0613607B1 (fr) | 1996-03-20 |
WO1993010651A1 (fr) | 1993-05-27 |
DK0613607T3 (da) | 1996-08-05 |
US5521469A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
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