EP0611584B1 - Dispositif de régénération de l'air dans une enceinte fermée - Google Patents
Dispositif de régénération de l'air dans une enceinte fermée Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0611584B1 EP0611584B1 EP19940400259 EP94400259A EP0611584B1 EP 0611584 B1 EP0611584 B1 EP 0611584B1 EP 19940400259 EP19940400259 EP 19940400259 EP 94400259 A EP94400259 A EP 94400259A EP 0611584 B1 EP0611584 B1 EP 0611584B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- regenerated
- heat exchanger
- use according
- carbon dioxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004078 cryogenic material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUWBSOKSBWAQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].O=C=O Chemical compound [C].O=C=O QUWBSOKSBWAQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkali metal superoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011365 complex material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021183 entrée Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B11/00—Devices for reconditioning breathing air in sealed rooms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for air regeneration in a closed or almost closed enclosure with autonomous operating energy whose production requires the use of a material stored in cryogenic form.
- air regeneration in the cabin of the submarines is carried out by means of processes chemical or electrochemical performing the functions of oxygen production and carbon dioxide removal and pollutants.
- Oxygen is also generated, either by electrolysis of water, either from liquid oxygen or by chemical reaction using a metal chlorate alkali or an alkali metal superoxide.
- Elimination carbon dioxide is usually done using molecular sieves or by absorption, for example with amines.
- the removal of pollutants is carried out at using activated carbon absorbers or beds catalytic.
- US Patent 3,775,976 uses for the operation of a motor to combustion a cryogenic source which, by heating, allows the solidification of carbon dioxide from combustion gases.
- Patent EP 0041702 used for aerobic culture of microorganisms liquid oxygen which, when contacted with carbon dioxide produced during the fermentation of microorganisms, allows the solidification of it.
- the object of the invention is therefore to apply this principle to regeneration air from a space confined in breathing air, in order to have a reduced energy consumption, especially for an anaerobic system such than a submarine that has limited energy.
- the object of the invention is therefore the application to the regeneration of air polluted in breathing air in a closed or almost closed enclosure, device with autonomous operating energy, comprising conventionally a tank (12) containing a cryogenic material used for the production of operating energy and an exchanger main thermal (10) operating at atmospheric pressure for exchanging heat between a gaseous medium containing carbon dioxide carbon, on the one hand, and the cryogenic material, on the other hand, characterized in that the gaseous medium consists of air at regenerate and in that the heating of the cryogenic material until its operating temperature in energy production allows lower the temperature of the air to be regenerated to a value below the solidification temperature of carbon dioxide.
- the device according to the invention as defined above can thus be used in a submarine, the cold source being constituted by all or part of the mass of liquid oxygen on board which has a sufficient cooling capacity to cool the air to regenerate and condense carbon dioxide.
- the oxidizer used for combustion is oxygen stored in cryogenic form in a tank, intended for use in batteries with fuels, internal combustion engines such as diesel engines, internal combustion engines external combustion such as Stirling engines or others systems implementing oxidation reactions of a fuel.
- This oxygen which is at a temperature of about -170 ° C, must therefore be reheated before it can be used. The temperature of the gaseous oxygen is thus raised to -20 ° C at the entry of the submarine engine.
- the principle of the invention consists in using a heat exchanger 10 which receives cryogenic oxygen from of the storage tank 12, and on the other hand the air to regenerate by air inlet 14 at pressure atmospheric.
- the liquid oxygen loses its frigories (or acquires calories) and therefore heats up to reach a temperature of around -20 ° C at the outlet oxygen 16.
- the air to be regenerated cools in exchanger 10 to a temperature about -135 ° C and is evacuated by the outlet of regenerated air 18.
- the temperature reached by the air being lower than the solidification temperature (-78.5 ° C) of the dioxide carbon gas at atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide carbon solidifies with the passage of air in the exchanger and can therefore be easily retrieved from this latest.
- the air at outlet 18 is therefore rid of the excess carbon dioxide due mainly to the human respiration in the closed enclosure.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically the mode of preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Air to regenerate powered by a fan 20 is first sent to a Annex heat exchanger or cold recuperator 22 before reaching the heat exchanger 10.
- the air which enter the latter by entrance 14 is therefore an air pre-cooled.
- the cooled air at outlet 18 of the exchanger 10 is therefore heated in contact with the air at room temperature in the cold recuperator 22.
- the air to be regenerated contains various pollutants which are either dissolved in the recovered water, either condensed at the same time as the carbon dioxide at low temperature.
- pollutants are pentane, molecular weight hydrocarbons benzene and benzene derivatives, the carbon tetrachloride, certain nitrogen oxides, certain freons ...
- a solution consists in reheating it with a hot source such as Seawater.
- the heat transfer in the exchanger 10 can take place, for safety reasons, by means of a fluid heat transfer intermediate so as to avoid convey liquid oxygen near the air circuits.
- a first solution consists in evacuating to carbon dioxide outside: we isolate the exchanger thermal and we stop the oxygen supply. Temperature increases and the pressure rises until reaching a sufficient pressure to eject the carbon dioxide at outside or store it in a compressed form.
- a second solution consists in reheating the isolated exchanger until the CO2 is liquefied, for example at 5 bars and -52 ° C. Liquid CO 2 can be pumped out.
- the exchanger is heated to a temperature between -105 ° C and -75 ° C. At this time the CO 2 is gaseous at a pressure between 0.1 and 1 bar. It can then be compressed outwards by means of a compressor.
- the fourth solution consists in heating the exchanger to a temperature such that the vapor pressure is sufficient to supply a primary vacuum pump.
- the CO 2 vapor pressure is of the order of 0.01 bar. CO 2 can therefore be compressed to atmospheric pressure and then discharged to the outside by a compressor. This solution is preferably used.
- the device of the invention has been described in conjunction with a submarine it can be obviously used for any system with a closed or almost closed enclosure with a source autonomous energy using a material stored at very low temperature, the energy source being used for propulsion or something else.
- a source autonomous energy using a material stored at very low temperature the energy source being used for propulsion or something else.
- the device of the invention it is possible to use the device of the invention in a aircraft for which we are trying to reduce the cabin air renewal for reasons fuel economy.
- the source of cold that constitutes the atmosphere can be sufficient for pollutants and water vapor.
- Another application of the device of the invention is its use in an aircraft or shuttle spatial.
- this type of machine it is planned to take a large quantity (several tens of tonnes) liquid hydrogen and sometimes liquid oxygen. Through Therefore, it is easy to use the the invention to obtain a regeneration of the atmosphere of the closed cabin, thanks to the frigories recovered by warming of cryogenic materials.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Description
Claims (9)
- Application à la régénération d'un air pollué en air respirable dans une enceinte fermée ou quasi-fermée, d'un dispositif disposant d'une énergie de fonctionnement autonome, comprenant classiquement un réservoir (12) contenant un matériau cryogénique utilisé pour la production de l'énergie de fonctionnement et un échangeur thermique principal (10) fonctionnant à la pression atmosphérique pour échanger de la chaleur entre un milieu gazeux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, d'une part, et le matériau cryogénique, d'autre part, caractérisée en ce que le milieu gazeux est constitué par de l'air à régénérer et en ce que le réchauffement du matériau cryogénique jusqu'à sa température de fonctionnement dans la production de l'énergie permet d'abaisser la température de l'air à régénérer à une valeur inférieure à la température de solidification du dioxyde de carbone.
- Application selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la température de l'air à régénérer est abaissée à une température de - 135°C.
- Application selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'elle met en oeuvre en outre un échangeur thermique annexe (22) traversé par l'air à régénérer, d'une part, et par l'air régénéré, d'autre part, pour effectuer un échange de chaleur entre l'air a régénérer et l'air régénéré (18) provenant de l'échangeur thermique principal (10), de sorte que l'air à régénérer est pré- refroidi avant d'entrer dans l'échangeur principal et l'air régénéré est pré-réchauffé avant d'être libéré dans l'enceinte.
- Application selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la liquéfaction de la vapeur d'eau en excès dans l'air à régénérer est effectuée par le passage de l'air à régénérer dans l'échangeur thermique annexe (22), et en ce qu'une partie de l'eau récupérée est envoyée à un humidificateur (26) à la sortie de l'échangeur annexe de façon à restituer une humidité convenable à l'air régénéré.
- Application selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle met en oeuvre en outre un moyen d'élimination du dioxyde de carbone solide récupéré dans l'échangeur thermique principal (10) composé d'un moyen de réchauffement de l'échangeur en non fonctionnement, d'une pompe à vide et d'un compresseur, le réchauffement permettant d'obtenir une pression de vapeur du dioxyde de carbone suffisante pour alimenter la pompe, et le compresseur servant à comprimer le dioxyde de carbone pour le rejeter à l'extérieur.
- Application selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur thermique principal (10) sert également à condenser les polluants contenus dans l'air régénéré.
- Application selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le matériau cryogénique est de l'oxygène liquide.
- Application selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que l'enceinte fermée est l'habitacle d'un sous-marin propulsé par une source d'énergie dont le comburant est de l'oxygène stocké sous forme cryogénique dans le réservoir (2).
- Application selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que l'enceinte fermée est l'habitacle d'un aéronef.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9301677 | 1993-02-15 | ||
FR9301677A FR2701547B1 (fr) | 1993-02-15 | 1993-02-15 | Dispositif de régénération de l'air dans une enceinte fermée. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0611584A1 EP0611584A1 (fr) | 1994-08-24 |
EP0611584B1 true EP0611584B1 (fr) | 2000-08-23 |
Family
ID=9444064
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19940400259 Expired - Lifetime EP0611584B1 (fr) | 1993-02-15 | 1994-02-08 | Dispositif de régénération de l'air dans une enceinte fermée |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0611584B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2115632C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69425596T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2149848T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2701547B1 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT611584E (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102720531A (zh) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-10 | 北京科技大学 | 一种适用于矿山避难硐室的制冷除湿系统和方法 |
RU2499622C1 (ru) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-11-27 | Военный институт (военно-морской политехнический) федерального государственного казенного военного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия имени Адмирала Флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" | Способ контроля степени отработки электролита в системах электрохимической регенерации воздуха совмещенного типа подводных лодок |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3775976A (en) * | 1972-05-26 | 1973-12-04 | Us Navy | Lox heat sink system for underwater thermal propulsion system |
FR2209597A1 (en) * | 1972-12-08 | 1974-07-05 | Comp Generale Electricite | Electrolytic separator of carbon dioxide from oxygen - to purify air for re-use in submarines etc. |
JPS572678A (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1982-01-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Device for aerated cultivation |
DE3235564A1 (de) * | 1982-09-25 | 1984-04-26 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn | Vorrichtung zum abschneiden von kohlendioxid aus der raumluft |
IT1223213B (it) * | 1987-12-04 | 1990-09-19 | Tecnomare Spa | Sistema per il trattamento e lo stoccaggio criogenici dei prodotti di combustione di motori termici |
-
1993
- 1993-02-15 FR FR9301677A patent/FR2701547B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-02-08 PT PT94400259T patent/PT611584E/pt unknown
- 1994-02-08 DE DE1994625596 patent/DE69425596T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-08 EP EP19940400259 patent/EP0611584B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-08 ES ES94400259T patent/ES2149848T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-14 CA CA 2115632 patent/CA2115632C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2115632A1 (fr) | 1994-08-16 |
EP0611584A1 (fr) | 1994-08-24 |
PT611584E (pt) | 2001-01-31 |
ES2149848T3 (es) | 2000-11-16 |
DE69425596D1 (de) | 2000-09-28 |
FR2701547A1 (fr) | 1994-08-19 |
FR2701547B1 (fr) | 1995-03-31 |
CA2115632C (fr) | 2005-05-10 |
DE69425596T2 (de) | 2001-01-04 |
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