EP0610152A2 - Waste incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The waste incinerator presented here is an installation in which two receptacles (1) and (2) - provided with covers (5), in their upper openings, and blades (3) which draw the waste, in their lower extremities - deposit the respective content into a combustion chamber (4) by the action of the to-and-fro movement of the said blades. In its turn, this combustion chamber has eccentric blades (9), to which a rotational movement is imparted, which push the outfall which is burnt portion by portion in this chamber until it falls into trucks (10) which pass through the chamber (4) transversely, and remove the remaining residues, later classified. The combustion gases pass inside an apparatus (11) which is also contained in this installation and which performs heat exchange, that is to say that it cools the abovementioned gases (profiting from their heat for other purposes) before they enter into a series of tanks (13) which allow these gases to be filtered before they are rejected via the flue (chimney) (23). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention presented here is an incinerator for waste, the application of which is intended, firstly, for the manufacture of incineration apparatus, and secondly, for the ambient industry.

More specifically the invention presented here is a garbage incinerator - whose objective, as we can easily verify, is to destroy the garbage discharged inside the same, allowing at the same time to heat a boiler by means of the heat produced during the incineration - which counts with accessory means of exhaustion, transport and purification of the gases which are produced inside the combustion chamber, with the subsequent recovery of the residues which are suspended in the same and which still counts with an automatic system which makes it possible to extract the incombustible residues which are in the combustion chamber at the same time as they make possible the subsequent classification of the same.

Today we know a wide range of incinerators which have the specific mission of allowing the disintegration of the bodies which are thrown into its interior, where later the residue is extracted by the direct intervention of a few workers who are still waiting the combustion is finished and the temperature inside the oven or combustion chamber allows its execution.

We also know other incinerators of residues, or damage, which have a particular vocation for the destruction of certain elements, either tires or other similar bodies, or even bodies which have combustible elements, but which have in its composition from other noncombustible bodies which must be removed in the combustion chamber or the oven, after the combustion of the combustible elements.

We also know of the existence of several incineration plants which are intended to allow the transformation of different organic materials, which are located in well-defined geographic points where the material to be processed is transported.

However, what we do not currently know is the existence of a garbage and damage incinerator, in which, beyond developing a transformation associated with the destruction of different bodies, we manage to destroy these bodies at the same time that we automatically divide the bodies that do not change and that the effects of incineration produce a heating reaction on a different element - which can be used as a source of heat for profit and industrial use - and that the gases emanating from the combustion or incineration carried out are transformed and treated so as not to harm the environment.

The solution to the problem that currently exists concerning this subject is to use an incinerator element which has all the characteristics already mentioned.

The garbage incinerator that this invention presents is, by itself, a solution to the problem that exists in this sector, since, with this device the transformation of the different products is done in an automatic way, still having independent silos for the different bodies at the same time that it gives the possibility of properly filtering the gases that are emanated combustion and also take advantage of the heat produced to heat an additional boiler, from which inside you can extract a completely profitable element.

In accordance with what has already been explained, the land must be suitably prepared so that the refuse dumping site is located at a level slightly higher than the entrance to the silo.

Next to the silo where the garbage is unloaded there is a second silo which serves as a deposit for tires or pieces of tires, especially cars.

At the bottom of each silo, that is to say, at the bottom of the silo reserved for receiving the garbage and at the bottom of the silo intended to receive the tires, there is a blade or a rigid piece which determines the respective bottom, which, through its movement, causes the supply of the combustion chamber, discharging the materials in the lower part of it, that is to say, in the front part of the same, in a way that 'There is a uniform distribution of the discharged material for the entire inlet width of the combustion chamber or the furnace.

Due to the rhythm of the back-and-forth movement, with which the blades are provided, the combustion is suitably regulated, since these blades have an adjustable velocity movement in accordance with the combustion that takes place inside the oven.

In the upper side of the silos, especially in its mouth, there are lids that close with a tilting movement, which have the function of preventing the escape of odors and any gases that may emanate from the chamber or of the combustion furnace, inclusive, which could ignite the contents of the silos and, consequently, cause an undesirable combustion of the existing material there, phenomenon which is avoided with the existence of this cover which prevents the renewal of oxygen to the inside the silos and, because of this prevents the combustion of the material that is in the silos.

The covers are only opened when discharges are made to the interior of the silos, which are carried out by clean vehicles for the purpose.

The lower region of the silos has a small inclination to prevent the water that is contained in large quantities in the garbage and the damage that is in the silos from entering the combustion chamber or the oven, which would be prejudicial for the burning existing equipment.

In this way, the residual liquids will be channeled for a tube and discharged by a suitable channel - to avoid possible odors - in devices for treating these liquids, devices which are not described here because they are not the aim of the present patent application.

In order to allow combustion, the installation has an adjustable air intake door, which will be more or less open in accordance with combustion requirements.

To obtain a better removal of the combustion or to help it when it is necessary, or else, to obtain a suitable combustion of the organic matter which must be transformed, one or more, is used in the chamber or the oven burners, located in suitable places, supplied with oil already used or another similar product, from outside the room already mentioned.

The lower part of the combustion chamber or oven, preferably made of refractory material, has a small inclination and is larger on the outlet side, so that the material existing inside the oven, especially the plastic material liquefied, remains kept until the moment when it is completely burned, which is accomplished because this material, due to the action of gravity, slides in the opposite direction to the movement which drags the other part of the material, which is caused by the action of eccentric blades which are located at the bottom of the chamber and are arranged in regular spaces, in both directions: in the transverse direction and also in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber already cited.

• En premier elles traînent et élèvent les différentes matières qui sont déchargées dans le four ou chambre de combustion, ayant par conséquence, une production d'une forte entrée d'oxygène dans le sein de ces matières, lequel est indispensable pour une combustion convenable.
• Secondement, elles font le déplacement toute au long de la chambre déjà cité des différentes matières qui constituent les ordures ou les dégâts, pour que la combustion soit réalisée dans toute sa région de base et non seulement dans le lieu où ces matières tombent des silos.

The blades mentioned which are at the bottom of the combustion chamber perform the following functions:

• First they drag and raise the various materials which are discharged into the furnace or combustion chamber, resulting in a production of a strong entry of oxygen into the bosom of these materials, which is essential for proper combustion.
• Secondly, they make the movement throughout the already mentioned room of the different materials which constitute the garbage or the damage, so that the combustion is carried out in all its base region and not only in the place where these materials fall from the silos.

These eccentric blades are placed in different positions, so as to allow a continuous movement of the material that we want to burn, at the same time that they give the chance to the material that has not been burned, that is to say, noncombustible, to be dragged to the end of the combustion chamber, where it will fall into wagons which transport material for the outside of the combustion chamber, later allowing its proper division and classification.

The speed of action inside the oven or the combustion chamber of the blades already mentioned will be adjusted appropriately in accordance with the type of material to be burned and the combustion time.

In the region of the combustion chamber from which the gases from the combustion come out there is a boiler which allows the subsequent production of thermoelectric energy, which is heated thanks to the heat which comes from the combustion made inside from the room or oven already mentioned.

The gases which originate in the burning of the materials already named, at the time when they are aspirated, pass through the boiler already mentioned, giving at the same time the possibility of heating this boiler with this same heat, then passing through the vacuum cleaners which suck these same gases from the combustion chamber so that they are filtered later.

The suction of gases is carried out by vacuum cleaners, which make it easier to suck out impurities which are suspended in the combustion gases, such as powders, ashes, fumes and odors which result from the material burned in the room already mentioned.

Later, these impurities will be channeled for basins or deposits.

The suction and channeling task will be repeated as many times as necessary, so as to ensure the almost total destruction of the impurities.

In vacuum cleaners, provision has been made for liquid injectors, the main function of which is to clean and cool the gases which have been sucked in.

Additionally, these injectors have the function of preventing excess heating, at the same time that they prevent impurities from being taken up in the respective turbines, or even that they form thick "creams" composed of residues - especially those resulting from fat - in the area of the liquid which is used to filter and which is in the basins or deposits already named.

The function of the basins or deposits, which are full of a liquid which is used in filtration, is to assist vacuum cleaners in the task of cleaning and cooling gases.

All the particles which are denser than the added liquid will be deposited at the bottom of the basins and removed by purgatives, for a later transformation.

The first pools are similar, they are all closed and communicate with each other through a suction tubing and another, finer, which allows to have an equal level in the different basins, still allowing the distribution, by decanting, of impurities denser than the aqueous solution .

The last basin, which communicates with the forerunners through a tube, is the only one that has an outlet for the atmosphere.

Is in this basin that by means of a rotary screw, the black-of-smoke comes out which floats on the liquid which is used to filter the impurities and which is in this same basin.

This product, that is to say, the black smoke, is channeled by means of a tube, being kept later in an appropriate deposit, after what it may be useful, for example, for coloring of tires and colors, or in other uses, including use in "brickets".

In the last tank there are one or more pumps which not only have the function of replacing in the first tank the liquid or solution to be filtered which has been dragged for the last tank by the force of the filtered gases, but also the supply of liquid injectors.

A small chimney, whose entry touches the upper part of the last basin, allows the exit of gases which are already purified and have a low temperature.

On the other hand, all the residues which are not suspended in the combustion gases - whether they be ashes, wire of tires, or others - will fall in the wagons and after they will be put out the oven or combustion chamber.

The wagons already mentioned work in pairs: at the moment when one receives the residues which come from the burn produced in the combustion chamber, the other discharges from the bottom - reason for which this bottom is mobile, so as to allow its opening - for the screens that exist next to the incinerator, which are inclined, equipped with several orifices - which grow as the lower end is touched - and animated by a vibratory movement, which separates the residues in accordance with its volume, which will later be useful as an essential material for the industry, in particular civil construction, the steel industry and the glass industry.

• Figure 1 - L'incinérateur qui est l'objet visé de la présente demande de patent d'invention, observé d'un point de vu latéral selon une coupe longitudinale de l'incinérateur déjà cité.
• Figure 2 - Une coupe transversale qui montre la zone d'action des wagonnets de recueille des résidus, observée d'un point de vu latéral.

To complete this description and allow a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, are presented, with a character which explains and not which limits, the appended drawings, in which the respective figures represent the following:

• Figure 1 - The incinerator which is the subject of this patent application, observed from a lateral point of view along a longitudinal section of the incinerator already mentioned.
• Figure 2 - A cross section showing the area of action of the residue collection wagons, observed from a lateral point of view.

Having as a base these figures we can see that the incinerator is composed by a silo (1), intended to collect the garbage that is unloaded there by means of different means of collecting the same, without having any need to employ additional labor to load the silos.

In order to allow the loading already mentioned, the land must be prepared so that the refuse dumping area is located at a level equal to or higher than the mouth of the silo.

Next to the silo (1) there is a second silo (2), intended to collect tires or similar materials in its interior.

At the bottom of each of the silos (1) and (2), there is a blade (3) which can make a linear movement back and forth, which feeds the combustion chamber (4) of the incinerator to give a uniform distribution of the material across the width of the combustion chamber inlet.

You can adjust or even adjust the velocity of the movement of the blades (3) which form the bottom of the silos (1) and (2), in accordance with the requirements for feeding the burn which takes place in the oven.

In the upper region of each of the silos (1) and (2), there is a lockable cover (5), with a tilting movement, which does not let out gases which may have originated in the combustion chamber and which consequently prevents the contents of the respective silos from igniting.

These covers (5) are open only when the materials are transported for the interior of the silo.

The lower region of silos (1) and (2) has a small inclination - which has not been shown in the appended figures - and which is intended to avoid the penetration of garbage water and damage to the silos in the combustion chamber which could cause damage to the burn here.

This water, like other residual liquids, is channeled into suitable deposits to prevent the release of odors.

In order to allow combustion, the installation has an adjustable door (6), intended to facilitate the entry of air into the combustion chamber, which is more or less open according to the combustion requirements; and, to facilitate the initiation of combustion, or to assist it in other times that are thought necessary, that is to say, to obtain a suitable combustion of organic matter, this installation also one or more burners (7), which are located in a suitable place in the chamber or in the oven and supplied with an already used oil or even another similar product.

The lower part of the combustion chamber (8) preferably made of a refractory material has a suitable inclination, which is higher through which the burnt materials exit, so that the material inside the oven, in particular the plastic material liquefied, remains in the chamber until it is completely burned, which is obtained by the force of gravity which allows the translation of the liquefied material in the opposite direction to that of the entrainment of the material which rest, which originally in the action of the eccentric blades (9), which are at the bottom of the room and have essentially the function of dragging and lifting the garbage with the objective of allowing entry into its breast, the air that is essential in their combustion.

On the other hand, the blades (9) already mentioned, at the moment when they cause the entrainment of the solid matter, they facilitate combustion throughout the entire region of the oven, and not only at the entrance to the chamber, or garbage and tires are unloaded.

These eccentric blades (9) are placed in different positions so as to allow the continuous movement of the material to be burned.

The material which is not burned, because it is non-combustible, is dragged by the blades (9) to the end of the combustion chamber, where it will be thrown into wagons (10).

The speed of the blades (9) already mentioned is adjusted properly in accordance with the type of material to be burned and the duration of combustion.

In the outlet of the combustion chamber (4) there is a boiler (11) which allows the production of energy from the heat which comes from the burn produced inside the chamber or the oven already mentioned and, in in particular, the heat of the gases which are created by the combustion chamber, which are sucked out of the chamber by vacuum cleaners (12), so that they pass through the boiler already mentioned.

Vacuums have the function of sucking the impurities which are suspended in the combustion gases, such as powders, ashes, fumes and odors, which result from the material already burned inside the already mentioned room.

These impurities will later be channeled into tanks (13) and the suction and channeling task will be repeated the times necessary to ensure the total destruction of impurities.

In the vacuum cleaners (12) there are liquid injectors (14), which clean and cool the aspirated gases, prevent excess heating of the vacuum cleaners, prevent impurities from clinging to the respective turbines and also that they form thick creams on the surface of the liquid which is used for filtering, existing in the basins (13) which are intended to assist the vacuum cleaners in the cleaning and cooling function of the gases.

All the particles denser than the liquid already named are deposited at the bottom of the basins and removed among purgatives (15) for future recycling.

The first tanks are similar, they are all closed, but they communicate with each other by means of suction tubing and another (16) of connection, which allows the leveling of the liquid in the different tanks and also the distribution , by settling, more dense impurities than the aqueous solution.

The last basin (17), which communicates with the previous ones by means of a tube (18), it is the only one which has an outlet for the atmosphere, it is also the only one where is installed a rotary screw (19) which removes the smoke-black which is suspended in the liquid which is used to filter, which is channeled by a tube (20) and will be kept in a deposit (21).

In the last basin (17) there is also a gas outlet for the chimney (23), much like a pump (22) which has the purpose not only of making the return in the first basin of the liquid or solution used in filtration and which was dragged by the force of the filtered gases, but also to feed the injectors (12) with liquid.

On the other hand, all the residues which are not suspended in the combustion gases - whether they are ashes, wire from tires, or others - fall into the wagons (10), which work in pairs, at moment when one receives the residues which have the origin in the burning the other makes the discharge in the screens (24), which are next to the incinerator, which are inclined, and have a variety of openings - which grow little by little until we reach the lower end - and are animated by a vibratory movement, which causes the separation of the residues, according to its volume.

Claims (10)

Waste incinerator which causes the destruction of residues of different types, including tires, characterized in that there are two silos, one for the deposit of tires and another for the deposit of garbage in general, which have, in the mouth or upper part, a lid which hermetically closes and, in the inclined bottom, a casing for the flow of liquids and a blade which pushes and distributes the respective content in the transverse direction of the combustion chamber. Waste incinerator according to the preceding claim, characterized by having an inclined bottom, of refractory material, which is higher on the outlet side of the combustion chamber than on the inlet side, and because in this bottom there is has a series of eccentric parts, which are inserted in this same background and do not rotate in a synchronized manner. Waste incinerator according to the preceding claims, characterized by having a combustion gas heat recovery boiler, located at the outlet of the combustion chamber. Waste incinerator according to the preceding claims, characterized by having two vibrating screens drilled, inclined and placed on each side of the incinerator. Waste incinerator according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibrating screens have widening openings all along the respective areas, as they attach the lower end. Waste incinerator according to the preceding claims, characterized by having a group of vacuum cleaners which, by means of the appropriate channels, extract for the interior of the basins, which have a liquid which serves to filter, the fumes and gases resulting from cremation. Waste incinerator according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the filtration of the gases is carried out in the first tanks in which the gases pass through the liquid contained therein. Waste incinerator according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the tanks are linked together by tubes which allow the circulation of the liquid which is used to filter between the tanks. Waste incinerator according to the preceding claims, characterized by having injectors of the liquid which serves to filter which clean and cool the vacuum cleaners and disperse the creams which possibly exist on the surface of the liquid of the basins. Waste incinerator according to the preceding claims, characterized by the last tank having a rotary screw, which collects the smoke-black, a pump, which simultaneously restores the level of the liquid in the first tank and feeds the injectors, and another outlet for the chimney of gases already cooled and purified.

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