EP0609140A1 - Verfahren und Anlage zur Schnee-Erzeugung - Google Patents

Verfahren und Anlage zur Schnee-Erzeugung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0609140A1
EP0609140A1 EP94400161A EP94400161A EP0609140A1 EP 0609140 A1 EP0609140 A1 EP 0609140A1 EP 94400161 A EP94400161 A EP 94400161A EP 94400161 A EP94400161 A EP 94400161A EP 0609140 A1 EP0609140 A1 EP 0609140A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
cooling
reheating
gaseous fluid
snow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94400161A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0609140B1 (de
Inventor
Jean Michel François Berthelier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Francaise dEtudes et de Construction Technip SA
Technip Energies France SAS
Original Assignee
Francaise dEtudes et de Construction Technip SA
Technip SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Francaise dEtudes et de Construction Technip SA, Technip SA filed Critical Francaise dEtudes et de Construction Technip SA
Publication of EP0609140A1 publication Critical patent/EP0609140A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0609140B1 publication Critical patent/EP0609140B1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an installation for producing snow in an essentially confined environment, that is to say isolated at least in part and preferably completely from the natural external atmosphere.
  • a snow production installation of this type is described, for example, in US-A-4,798,331.
  • This installation in the form of a loop or circuit essentially closed on itself successively comprises a zone for blowing a gaseous fluid, for example air, sucked in from the snow collection or deposition zone below, a zone for cooling said blown gaseous fluid, to bring its temperature below 0 ° C., a zone for injecting water, for example in the form of fine droplets, into the blown gaseous fluid and a zone for collecting or depositing the snow formed, said zones communicating the with each other, two by two, in the order of the preceding list which is also the direction of circulation of the gaseous fluid.
  • the resulting gaseous fluid at least partly freed from the snow which has settled in the collection zone, is taken up at least partly to return by suction to the blowing zone.
  • the air is taken upstream of the snow deposition chamber, but one could consider taking this air at the opposite end of the snow deposition chamber, especially if the installation was performed horizontally and not vertically as in the aforementioned patent.
  • Installations are known in particular for testing the behavior of vehicles with respect to snow driven by air at controlled speed, these installations comprising, in the order of the essential elements of a closed circuit, a zone blowing air, an area for cooling the flow of blown air, to bring its temperature below 0 ° C, for example below -2 ° C and in particular between -5 and -50 ° C where beyond, a zone for injecting water into the stream of blown and cooled air and a zone for depositing snow entrained by the stream of blown and cooled air.
  • the air at least partially cleared of the snow is at least partly re-aspirated from the deposition zone and returns to the blowing zone.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for producing snow in an essentially confined environment, in a snow collection zone, in which a gaseous fluid is circulated, from the snow collection zone.
  • snow successively through a cooling zone of said gaseous fluid, to bring its temperature below - 2 ° C., a zone of heating of said gaseous fluid, said reheating being positive but moderate so that the temperature of the gaseous fluid remains below 0 ° C after said reheating and a zone for injecting water into the gaseous fluid to form the snow collected in the snow collection zone, characterized in that at least part of the thermal energy taken from the fluid gas in the cooling zone is transferred to the gaseous fluid in the heating zone.
  • the invention also relates to an installation allowing the implementation of the above method.
  • This installation successively comprises means for blowing a gaseous fluid, means for cooling said gaseous fluid, means for reheating said gaseous fluid, means for injecting water spray and means for collecting snow, said means being connected two by two to each other in the order of the preceding enumeration by conduits allowing the passage of gaseous fluids and arranged to form a continuous circuit closed on itself.
  • the installation further comprises means for circulating in a loop a refrigerant successively in said cooling means and said reheating means, means for recompressing said refrigerant between the outlet of the cooling means and the inlet of the reheating means and means for expanding said refrigerant between the outlet of the reheating means and the inlet of the cooling means.
  • the installation comprises means for circulating in loop a first heat transfer fluid successively in the cooling means and in first heat exchange means and means for circulating in loop a second heat transfer fluid successively in the reheating means and in second heat exchange means and means for passing a refrigerant in a loop successively in said first and second heat exchange means under conditions making it possible to take thermal energy on the first heat transfer fluid and to transfer at least part of this thermal energy to the second heat transfer fluid.
  • reheating may raise the air temperature by minus 2 ° C provided that the temperature of the heated air remains below -2 ° C and preferably below -4 ° C.
  • it will be cooled to a temperature T1 between -8 ° and -20 ° C and it will be reheated by at least 3 ° C, preferably by at least 5 ° C to obtain a temperature T2 greater than T1 and located at preferably between -5 ° and -12 ° C.
  • the installation can be arranged vertically or obliquely, but it is preferred to arrange the various areas above in the same horizontal plane.
  • the fluid evaporates at least partly in the exchanger of the cooling zone and condenses at least partly in the exchanger of the reheating zone, which causes the cooling and the heating of the air respectively. circulating on the opposite face of the exchanger considered. Condensation can be completed, if desired, in another exchanger arranged in series or in parallel with the exchanger of the heating zone and exchanging heat for example with the atmosphere.
  • the operating mode is preferably "compression", that is to say that the refrigerant at least partly condensed at relatively high pressure.
  • the heating exchanger is expanded and evaporated at least in part at lower pressure, therefore at relatively low pressure, in the cooling exchanger; the resulting vapor is at least partially recompressed, then at least part of the resulting compressed vapor passes through the reheating exchanger where it condenses, at least in part.
  • the operating mode is absorption, using for example an ammonia circuit.
  • air saturated with water vapor at -12 ° C and then reheated to -4 ° C without any new water supply is only more than 50% saturated.
  • the air, after reheating is only saturated at 20 - 90%, preferably 30 - 80%.
  • the air was cooled to -5 ° C before snow production, it can according to the invention be first cooled to, for example -12 ° C, leaving frost on the exchanger and leaving this exchanger saturated at almost 100%. It can then be reheated, in the absence of water supply, to -5 ° C, which will lower its percentage of water vapor saturation to, for example, 70%.
  • the elements of the installation other than the cooling / heating couple can be of the conventional type and therefore do not require a detailed description.
  • the heat exchangers themselves can be of any type, for example plate or tubular exchangers.
  • the water spraying members are of the conventional type and for example of the type known as a "snow cannon". Water can be injected alone or as a spray into an auxiliary air stream. One can also "seed” using small snow or ice crystals, according to a known technique.
  • the speed of the blown air can be chosen at will, for example from 1 to 30 m / s or more, preferably from 5 to 20 m / s; the air can for example be in a homogeneous or pulsed or turbulent vein.
  • the installation can be used to test the resistance to snow of packaging materials, clothing, power lines, water, gas or petroleum, this list is not exhaustive.
  • the installation was used by cooling the blown air to 10 m / s (circulating in a loop) at -15 ° C, by heating it to -7 ° C, by injecting a fine mist water sprayed at + 2 ° C, driven by an auxiliary air stream at -20 ° C under pressure of 40 bars.
  • a height of 0.2 m of dry snow was collected in 1 hour in the snow deposit chamber.
  • the refrigeration plant operated with R - 22 using the cooling exchanger as an evaporator.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 attached show two embodiments of the invention.
  • the installation takes the form of a closed-loop tunnel 1.
  • the tunnel comprises the snow-receiving chamber 2 where, for example, a motor vehicle 3, a blowing turbine 4 has been placed , an air cooling exchanger battery 5, a heating exchanger battery 6 and snow cannons 7a and 7b.
  • the thermal installation comprises a compressor 8 for the fluid vapor coming from the cooling exchanger 5.
  • the compressed fluid is condensed at least in part in the heating exchanger 6 and, for the rest, in the exchanger 9 which is advantageously placed outside and is cooled either by water or by atmospheric air. After passing through the exchangers 6 and 9, the fluid is in the condensed state. It passes through the regulator 10, of static or dynamic type, to join the exchanger 5 where it receives heat from the air blown by the turbine of the ventilation 4, causing the air to cool.
  • FIG. 2 only part of FIG. 1 has been repeated, that which includes the turbine 4 and the exchangers 5 and 6.
  • the refrigerant circuit is different because the fluid which undergoes the compression / expansion cycle does not pass not in exchangers 5 and 6; using two separate circuits of an auxiliary heat transfer fluid of any type, adapted to the chosen temperature range, for passage through each of these exchangers, the fluid not necessarily being the same for each of the circuits. It is not useful for this auxiliary fluid to undergo a change of state, it may therefore remain gaseous or preferably liquid on each of the circuits.
  • the refrigerating agent proper which undergoes changes in liquid / vapor state, passes through the evaporator 11, the compressor 12, the condensers in parallel 13 and 14 and the pressure reducer 15 and the pipes connecting these devices, namely 16 to 21
  • the cooling circuit of the exchanger 5 comprises only the exchangers 5 and 11 and the lines 22 and 23 with one or more pumps, for example 24 and 25; it is traversed by a first auxiliary heat transfer fluid.
  • the other auxiliary heat transfer fluid passes through the condensation exchanger 13 and the reheating exchanger 6 as well as the connecting pipes 26 and 27 passing through one or more pumps (not shown).
  • auxiliary fluids As an example of auxiliary fluids, mention may be made of Dowtherm and Gilotherm 12 (registered trademarks).
  • the heat transfer fluid circuit of FIG. 1 can include the exchangers 6 and 9 arranged in series, or use only the exchanger 6. Similarly, this circuit can be of several stages or in cascade. Specialists in refrigeration techniques may consider many obvious modifications. Likewise, it is possible to operate with a partially looped tunnel 1 open by recycling only part of the air and supplementing with fresh air.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
EP94400161A 1993-01-26 1994-01-25 Verfahren und Anlage zur Schnee-Erzeugung Expired - Lifetime EP0609140B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9300741A FR2700835B1 (fr) 1993-01-26 1993-01-26 Procédé et installation de production de neige.
FR9300741 1993-01-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0609140A1 true EP0609140A1 (de) 1994-08-03
EP0609140B1 EP0609140B1 (de) 1997-07-23

Family

ID=9443358

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94400161A Expired - Lifetime EP0609140B1 (de) 1993-01-26 1994-01-25 Verfahren und Anlage zur Schnee-Erzeugung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5445320A (de)
EP (1) EP0609140B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH06317374A (de)
AT (1) ATE155874T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69404333T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2107758T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2700835B1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003275799B2 (en) * 2002-11-23 2006-05-25 Memjet Technology Limited Thermal ink jet printhead with symmetric bubble formation
WO2011029115A2 (de) 2009-09-11 2011-03-17 Technische Universität Wien Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von schnee
EP3499154A1 (de) 2017-12-18 2019-06-19 3con Anlagebau GmbH Schneeerzeugungsanlage

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19630304B4 (de) * 1996-07-26 2004-01-15 Adam Opel Ag Verfahren zur Prüfung des Schneeansaugverhaltens von Kraftfahrzeugen und Prüfvorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
US6029468A (en) * 1997-04-23 2000-02-29 Ski Trac International Pty Ltd. Snow making apparatus
US5866312A (en) * 1997-06-19 1999-02-02 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element having surface protective layer
ES2166232B1 (es) * 1998-10-27 2003-10-01 Megido Sabino Arias Mejora del sistema de fabricacion de nieve artificial.
GB9826718D0 (en) * 1998-12-05 1999-01-27 Acer Snowmec Ltd Snow making machine
US7246497B2 (en) * 2004-06-16 2007-07-24 Lytron, Inc. Mist generation, freezing, and delivery system
DE202005006569U1 (de) * 2004-10-26 2006-03-09 Innovag AG Aktiengesellschaft für innovative Industrietechnik Schneeraum
CN110530651A (zh) * 2019-08-12 2019-12-03 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 一种汽车进气系统的扬雪试验方法

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1837798A (en) * 1928-09-19 1931-12-22 York Ice Machinery Corp Apparatus for conditioning air
FR747508A (fr) * 1932-12-14 1933-06-19 Neu Sa Procédé de déshumidification d'air avec réglage automatique de l'état hygrométrique et de la température
FR889830A (fr) * 1942-05-22 1944-01-20 Ventil Atel Perfectionnements aux installations de conditionnement d'air
FR1372024A (fr) * 1963-08-02 1964-09-11 Bertin & Cie Perfectionnements apportés à la production de neige, notamment en vue de la fabrication de pistes de ski artificielles
US3990260A (en) * 1975-04-04 1976-11-09 Eustis William E C Low-temperature dehumidifier
EP0004803A2 (de) * 1978-03-31 1979-10-17 Pasquier, Armand René Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Erzeugung von Schnee
FR2609327A1 (fr) * 1987-01-06 1988-07-08 Delas Sa Entreprise Procede perfectionne de fabrication de neige artificielle
US4767054A (en) * 1987-01-23 1988-08-30 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Apparatus for changing artificial snow to wet snow
US4768711A (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-09-06 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Apparatus for changing artificial snow to wet snow
GB2221024A (en) * 1988-06-22 1990-01-24 Clulow Malcom George Snow making equipment
WO1990010183A1 (en) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-07 Andrew Boyd French Snowmaking method and device

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DE220384C (de) *
US1717005A (en) * 1923-07-02 1929-06-11 Carrier Engineering Corp System for cooling mines and other chambers requiring ventilation
CH141819A (de) * 1929-10-12 1930-08-31 Sulzer Ag Mit einer Kühlanlage versehene Raumbelüftungsanlage.
US2291029A (en) * 1940-04-23 1942-07-28 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
AT305354B (de) * 1970-10-06 1973-02-26 Friedmann Kg Alex Klimaanlage für Eisenbahnfahrzeuge
DE2340003A1 (de) * 1973-08-07 1975-02-20 Linde Ag Entnebelungsvorrichtung
DE3315236A1 (de) * 1983-04-27 1984-10-31 Interatom Internationale Atomreaktorbau Gmbh, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung definierter feuchten in einem traegergas
NZ214061A (en) * 1984-11-06 1988-06-30 Permasnow Ltd Making artificial snow using water and water-swellable material
JPS63161378A (ja) * 1986-12-24 1988-07-05 スガ試験機株式会社 人工降雪装置
JPS63217172A (ja) * 1987-03-04 1988-09-09 スガ試験機株式会社 人工降雪湿雪化装置
JPH01234757A (ja) * 1988-03-16 1989-09-20 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 冷凍・加温装置
US5289973A (en) * 1989-03-01 1994-03-01 French Andrew B Snowmaking method and device
US4889180A (en) * 1989-04-14 1989-12-26 Brunner Engineering & Manufacturing Inc. System for use in providing compressed air for snow making equipment
EP0541867A1 (de) * 1991-11-12 1993-05-19 Taikisha, Ltd. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer künstlichen Schneedecke, Eisbrecher dafür und Verfahren zur Erhaltung dieser Schneedecke

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1837798A (en) * 1928-09-19 1931-12-22 York Ice Machinery Corp Apparatus for conditioning air
FR747508A (fr) * 1932-12-14 1933-06-19 Neu Sa Procédé de déshumidification d'air avec réglage automatique de l'état hygrométrique et de la température
FR889830A (fr) * 1942-05-22 1944-01-20 Ventil Atel Perfectionnements aux installations de conditionnement d'air
FR1372024A (fr) * 1963-08-02 1964-09-11 Bertin & Cie Perfectionnements apportés à la production de neige, notamment en vue de la fabrication de pistes de ski artificielles
US3990260A (en) * 1975-04-04 1976-11-09 Eustis William E C Low-temperature dehumidifier
EP0004803A2 (de) * 1978-03-31 1979-10-17 Pasquier, Armand René Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Erzeugung von Schnee
US4768711A (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-09-06 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Apparatus for changing artificial snow to wet snow
FR2609327A1 (fr) * 1987-01-06 1988-07-08 Delas Sa Entreprise Procede perfectionne de fabrication de neige artificielle
US4767054A (en) * 1987-01-23 1988-08-30 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Apparatus for changing artificial snow to wet snow
GB2221024A (en) * 1988-06-22 1990-01-24 Clulow Malcom George Snow making equipment
WO1990010183A1 (en) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-07 Andrew Boyd French Snowmaking method and device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003275799B2 (en) * 2002-11-23 2006-05-25 Memjet Technology Limited Thermal ink jet printhead with symmetric bubble formation
WO2011029115A2 (de) 2009-09-11 2011-03-17 Technische Universität Wien Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von schnee
US9429348B2 (en) 2009-09-11 2016-08-30 Technische Universität Wien Method and device for producing snow
EP3499154A1 (de) 2017-12-18 2019-06-19 3con Anlagebau GmbH Schneeerzeugungsanlage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE155874T1 (de) 1997-08-15
DE69404333T2 (de) 1998-03-05
JPH06317374A (ja) 1994-11-15
EP0609140B1 (de) 1997-07-23
ES2107758T3 (es) 1997-12-01
DE69404333D1 (de) 1997-09-04
FR2700835B1 (fr) 1995-04-21
US5445320A (en) 1995-08-29
FR2700835A1 (fr) 1994-07-29

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