EP0608658B1 - Air separator, particularly for sorting wastes - Google Patents

Air separator, particularly for sorting wastes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0608658B1
EP0608658B1 EP93490025A EP93490025A EP0608658B1 EP 0608658 B1 EP0608658 B1 EP 0608658B1 EP 93490025 A EP93490025 A EP 93490025A EP 93490025 A EP93490025 A EP 93490025A EP 0608658 B1 EP0608658 B1 EP 0608658B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
materials
inclined plane
air
outlet opening
deflector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93490025A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0608658A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Desmadryl
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Delta Neu SA
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Delta Neu SA
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Priority to CA002113368A priority Critical patent/CA2113368C/en
Priority to US08/180,665 priority patent/US5437373A/en
Publication of EP0608658A1 publication Critical patent/EP0608658A1/en
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Publication of EP0608658B1 publication Critical patent/EP0608658B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/08—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B03B4/02—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using swinging or shaking tables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the separation of materials into more or less homogeneous batches, in particular being intended for sorting waste and dry garbage from selective collections. It relates more particularly to a separator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a separator is for example known from BE-A-543810 and can be used for the separation of waste which has been the subject of a multi-material collection, for example glass, plastic bottles, cardboard, paper.
  • the problem which the applicant seeks to solve is to propose a material which can automatically and with great reliability achieve the separation between materials of different weights or shapes, this separation allowing grouping into at least three batches, each batch corresponding to the materials having a substantially homogeneous weight.
  • first heavy materials such as glass bottles or telephone directories
  • secondly materials of intermediate weight such as plastic bottles or cardboard
  • thirdly very light materials such as individual sheets of paper or plastic films or dust residues.
  • the air separator of the invention which comprises a first inclined inclined plane of inclination of angle ⁇ relative to the horizontal, a second perforated inclined plane of inclination of angle ⁇ greater than or equal to ⁇ , and a first inclined deflector extending in overhang above the first outlet opening to the front edge of the second outlet opening and in that the density, the dimension of the perforations of the second inclined plane and the air flow rate of the second supply channel are such as the materials of intermediate weight are projected by the air coming from the second supply channel over the first deflector.
  • the materials to be separated which are introduced through the inlet opening move naturally on the first inclined plane.
  • the air from the first channel lifts these materials and separates them from each other.
  • the lightest materials are already lifted and entrained towards the third outlet opening thanks to the suction system which creates a slight depression in the separation chamber.
  • the other materials move on the second inclined plane.
  • the air blown through the perforations of said second plane rejects said materials towards the interior of the chamber.
  • the first inclined deflector makes it possible to select between heavy materials and materials of intermediate weight: heavy materials which have a low trajectory do not reach the underside of the first deflector and fall into the first outlet opening which is overhung by said deflector, while the materials of intermediate weight, which have a higher trajectory, pass over the first deflector.
  • the upper face of the first deflector acts as a slide allowing the materials of intermediate weight to move after having fallen onto said upper face, up to the second outlet opening.
  • the density, the dimension of the perforations of the second inclined plane, and the air flow rate of the corresponding supply channel are chosen so that the speed of the air flow at the outlet of the second inclined plane is l '' order of 50 m / s.
  • the density, the dimension of the perforations of the two inclined planes and the air flow rate of the two supply channels are chosen so that the speed of the air flow leaving the second inclined plane is approximately twice as great. as the speed of the air flow leaving the first inclined plane.
  • the angle ⁇ of the first inclined plane is very small, that is to say less than or equal to 9 °, it is preferable that the angle ⁇ is strictly greater than the angle ⁇ since the applicant has noticed that if these two angles had the same value, there could be a certain stagnation of materials passing from the first to the second inclined plane. This stagnation is no doubt due to the turbulence locally caused by the differences in flow speed of the two air flows leaving the perforations of the two inclined planes. A barrier effect is created at the interface between the two inclined planes which can prevent the proper movement of materials from the first to the second plane.
  • the angle ⁇ of the first inclined plane will be chosen to be greater than 9 °, and preferably equal to 15 °.
  • the angle ⁇ of the second inclined plane may advantageously be equal to the angle ⁇ , so that the first and second inclined planes can be constituted by a single inclined plane.
  • the air separator further comprises a second deflector which is positioned in the separation chamber, in an area overhanging the second inclined plane and the first opening, and situated between the first deflector and the third opening.
  • This second deflector obstructs materials of intermediate weight which are lifted by the air flow passing through the second inclined plane, and makes it possible to redirect these materials towards the upper face of the first deflector.
  • the separator comprises means of setting in vibration, able to communicate to the separation chamber a vibration at frequency low and high elongation.
  • Such vibrating means may consist of springs on which the separation chamber is placed and in two eccentric shafts rotating in opposite directions and driven by brake motors, said shafts being integral with the lateral faces of the chamber on the side and d other of the entrance opening.
  • the vibration at low frequency and high elongation promotes the individualization of the materials, after they have been introduced through the entry opening in the separation chamber and also their movement along the planes and the first inclined deflector .
  • the materials to be separated comprising glass bottles
  • the front end of the first deflector overhangs the rear end of the second inclined plane at a distance of approximately 150 mm. Thanks to this particular arrangement, it is possible to obtain a sorting of the glass bottles which, not being projected above the first deflector, obligatorily pass into the space situated between said deflector and the second inclined plane and fall into the first outlet opening. This result is obtained with almost total reliability, which allows an extremely thorough selective sorting.
  • the air separator 1 is intended more particularly for sorting household waste which has been the subject of a multi-material collection.
  • the particularity of this collection lies in a spontaneous distribution of users between different categories of waste.
  • users may be asked to distribute all of their waste in different skips, for example a skip intended to receive bottles, whether of glass or plastic, cardboard boxes, papers ... except organic matter while another bucket will be intended to receive said organic matter.
  • the separator 1 is intended more particularly for sorting non-organic waste. It consists of a separation chamber 2 having the overall shape of a polyhedral box with six faces.
  • the separation chamber 2 has four openings for the passage of materials, namely an inlet opening 3 and three outlet openings 4, 5 and 6.
  • the function assigned to the separator 1 is to distribute the materials entering the separation chamber 2 through the inlet opening 3 into three separate batches, which are discharged through the three outlet openings 4, 5 and 6 according to their weight. and their shape. More specifically, heavy materials, in particular glass bottles and objects made of compact paper or cardboard, for example certain telephone directories, will be evacuated through the first outlet opening 4, while materials of intermediate weight, in particular bottles of plastic, less compact paper or cardboard objects, will be evacuated through the second outlet opening 5, while lighter materials such as sheets of paper or plastic films as well as dust will be evacuated through the third outlet opening 6.
  • the inlet opening 3 is located in the front side face 7 of the chamber and at the bottom thereof.
  • the third outlet opening 6 is located in the upper face 8 of the chamber 2 towards the rear side face 9.
  • the lower face 10 of the chamber 2 successively comprises a first then second inclined plane, the first outlet opening 4 overhung by a first inclined deflector 13 then finally the second outlet opening 5.
  • the first inclined plane consists of a perforated sheet 11 which is inclined at an angle ⁇ relative to the horizontal.
  • the perforations made in the sheet metal II are holes 22 regularly distributed over the entire surface of the sheet metal 11.
  • the second inclined plane consists of a perforated plate 12 which is inclined relative to the horizontal by an angle ⁇ , greater than the angle ⁇ .
  • the perforations made in this second sheet 12 are holes 23 regularly distributed over the entire surface of the second sheet 12.
  • first and second inclined planes can consist of the same perforated sheet. In this case, it suffices that there is a fold line to demarcate the two inclined planes 11 and 12.
  • the two channels 14 and 15 are rigidly fixed to the separation chamber 2 and are connectable by flexible connection to a pressurized air supply installation.
  • the first deflector 13 is a solid sheet, inclined as shown in FIG. 1, so that at its front end 16 it substantially overhangs the rear end 17 of the second perforated sheet located in the immediate vicinity of the first opening outlet 4.
  • the distance d between the front edge 16 of the deflector 13 and the front end 17 of the second perforated sheet 12 is preferably of the order of 150 mm when it comes to recovering in the first opening of outlet 4 for glass bottles.
  • the rear end 18 of the deflector 13 is located in the immediate vicinity of the second outlet opening 5.
  • the third outlet opening 6 is materialized by a conduit 19 acting as a chimney connected by flexible connection to a suction system not shown.
  • the assembly constituted by the separation chamber 2 proper and the two air supply channels 14 and 15 is mounted in vibration at low frequency and high elongation, in the direction of the arrows F.
  • this assembly is placed on four springs 20 placed two by two on either side of the two side faces of the separation chamber, adjacent to the front side faces 7 and rear 9, by means of support tubes 21 a and 21 b , rigidly fixed to the two lateral faces and which rest on the springs 20.
  • each of the tubes 21 a and 21 b rotates an eccentric shaft, driven by brake motors.
  • n ' shows a front holder 21a and a rear support 21b, however it is understood that the other two brackets, not shown, are placed symmetrically on the other side of the separation chamber 2. There are therefore two sets of two support / spring arms, one being located towards the front of the chamber and the other towards the rear of the separation chamber 2.
  • Vibration is obtained by rotation in the opposite direction of two shafts rotating respectively in the supports 21 a and 21 b .
  • the speed of rotation, the mass and the eccentricity of the shafts as well as the stiffness of the springs 20 are determined so that the vibration obtained is of low frequency and high elongation.
  • the elongation is 12 mm and the frequency of the vibrations of the order of 1.2 G.
  • Such a vibration makes it possible to obtain the advancement of the materials deposited on the inclined planes 11 and 12 as well as a some ventilation of said materials during their movement.
  • the operation of the vibrated air separator which has just been described is as follows.
  • the waste is introduced continuously through the inlet opening 3.
  • These move on the first inclined plane 11 on the one hand under the action of vibration and on the other hand under the action of the jets d air passing through the holes 22.
  • These same air jets lift the waste in a disorderly manner, favoring the individualization of the latter, in particular the light materials raised are entrained towards the third outlet opening 6 due to the depression caused inside the separation chamber 2 by the suction system.
  • the heaviest materials progress to the second inclined plane 12 where they are struck by the air jets leaving the holes 23.
  • the materials of intermediate weight are projected, according to a trajectory represented schematically by the arrow G in the figure, of such that they pass over the first deflector 13 and fall back on the upper face of the latter.
  • the vibration allows the movement of these materials of intermediate weight, on said deflector 13, up to the second outlet opening 5.
  • the heavier materials which are not projected above the first deflector 13, they move until falling into the first outlet opening 4.
  • the distribution of the waste introduced through the inlet opening 3 has thus been divided into three separate batches of substantially uniform weight.
  • FIG. 2 shows an aeraulic separator 1 ′ which is an alternative embodiment of the vibrated aeraulic separator 1 which has been described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • aunterlic separator 1 ′ which is an alternative embodiment of the vibrated aeraulic separator 1 which has been described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the air separator 1 'differs from the air separator 1 mainly in that the two inclined planes 11 and 12 have the same inclination, the angles ⁇ and ⁇ being identical.
  • the third outlet opening, referenced 6 ′ is no longer materialized by a conduit 19 acting as a chimney, but is formed directly in the upper part of the rear side face 9, which is opposite to the lateral face 7.
  • the applicant has in fact noticed that this arrangement of the third opening 6 ′ allows better evacuation of the lightest materials.
  • the air separator 1 ' also includes a second deflector 24, which is constituted by a set of plates passing through the separation chamber 2. These plates are positioned substantially horizontally above the second inclined plane 12 and the first outlet opening. 4, in an intermediate zone between the first deflector 13 and the third opening 6 '.
  • the distance D separating the second inclined plane 12 and the lower face 24 a of the second deflector 24 is preferably of the order of 900mm.
  • This second deflector 24 has the function of obstructing materials of intermediate weight which could be entrained up to the third opening 6 ′, after being lifted by the air flow passing through the second inclined plane 12. Such a phenomenon could be observed, in the absence of a second deflector, with materials of intermediate weight such as plastic bottles.
  • the air separator 1 ′ when such materials are lifted by the air flow passing through the second inclined plane 12, they abut against the lower face 24 a of the second deflector 24, then are redirected towards the upper face of the first deflector 13.
  • the separator ventilation 1 ' allowing the separation of ten tonnes of waste per hour, the angles ⁇ and ⁇ were 15 °; the two inclined planes 11 and 12 were constituted by a single perforated plate of rectangular shape, the first and second planes 11 and 12 being rectangles having a length of about 1.5 m and for respective widths of about 1.2m and 0.8m the air intake through the third opening 6 was 33000m 3 per hour, while the air intake through the two channels 14 and 15 were 15500 and 11500 m 3 / hour respectively ; the diameter of the perforations 22 and 23 of the two planes 11 and 12 were of the order of 25mm the perforations in each of the two planes 11 and 12 were distributed in a homogeneous manner and their number had been calculated so that the speed of the flow d air leaving the plane 11 is of the
  • the first deflector 13 can be mounted adjustable, by pivoting around its rear end 18 so as to adjust the distance d as a function of the caliber of the materials to be separated and in particular of the heavy materials to be discharged through the first outlet opening 4.
  • the first deflector 13 may be equiped with specific means allowing the movement of the materials falling on the face towards the second outlet opening 5 upper of said deflector.
  • These specific means may possibly be autonomous means of vibration, but may also be pneumatic means making it possible to project said materials forward.
  • the first deflector will advantageously be a hollow body whose internal cavity will be supplied with pressurized air and whose upper face will be provided with openings acting as projection nozzles, said openings being of course directed in the direction of the advancement of the material on the first deflector 13.
  • the present invention is not limited to the separation of waste household goods, as described above, but can be applied more generally to the separation of materials having a heterogeneity of weight or shape and for which it is desirable to obtain a substantially homogeneous distribution by batch of different weight .

Abstract

The air-operated separator automatically separates materials into three batches of different weights or shapes. It includes a chamber (2) under slight vacuum, with an inlet opening (3), two perforated inclined planes (11, 12) with inclination of angle alpha and ss (ss greater than or equal to alpha ) fed with pressurized air, three outlet openings (4, 5, 6) for the three batches, and a deflector (13). The heavy materials fall through the first opening (4) adjacent to the second inclined plane (12). The materials of intermediate weight are thrown over the deflector (13) and fall through the second opening (5), while the light materials are sucked up by the third opening (6) which is connected up to a suction system. Preferably the separator is mounted on a low-frequency high-extension vibration-inducing system. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne la séparation de matériaux en lots plus ou moins homogènes, notamment étant destinée au tri de déchets et ordures sèches de collectes sélectives. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un séparateur selon le préambule de la revendication 1. Un tel séparateur est p.ex. connu du BE-A-543810 et est utilisable pour la séparation de déchets ayant fait l'objet d'une collecte multi-matériaux, par exemple des bouteilles en verre, en plastique, du carton, du papier.The present invention relates to the separation of materials into more or less homogeneous batches, in particular being intended for sorting waste and dry garbage from selective collections. It relates more particularly to a separator according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a separator is for example known from BE-A-543810 and can be used for the separation of waste which has been the subject of a multi-material collection, for example glass, plastic bottles, cardboard, paper.

Le problème que vise à résoudre le demandeur est de proposer un matériel qui puisse réaliser automatiquement et avec une grande fiabilité la séparation entre des matériaux de poids ou de formes différents, cette séparation permettant un regroupement en au moins trois lots, chaque lot correspondant aux matériaux ayant un poids sensiblement homogène.The problem which the applicant seeks to solve is to propose a material which can automatically and with great reliability achieve the separation between materials of different weights or shapes, this separation allowing grouping into at least three batches, each batch corresponding to the materials having a substantially homogeneous weight.

Dans le cas d'un tri automatique de déchets provenant d'une collecte multi-matériaux, il s'agira de séparer en première part les matériaux lourds tels que des bouteilles de verre ou des annuaires téléphoniques, en deuxième part des matériaux de poids intermédiaire tels que des bouteilles plastiques ou du carton et en troisième part des matériaux très légers tels que des feuilles individuelles de papier ou des films plastiques ou encore des résidus de poussière.In the case of automatic sorting of waste from a multi-material collection, it will be a matter of separating first heavy materials such as glass bottles or telephone directories, secondly materials of intermediate weight such as plastic bottles or cardboard and thirdly very light materials such as individual sheets of paper or plastic films or dust residues.

Ce but est parfaitement atteint par le séparateur aéraulique de l'invention qui comporte un premier plan incliné perforé d'inclinaison d'angle α par rapport à l'horizontale, un second plan incliné perforé d'inclinaison d'angle β supérieur ou égal à α, et un premier déflecteur incliné s'étendant en surplomb au-dessus de la première ouverture de sortie jusqu'au bord avant de la deuxième ouverture de sortie et en ce que la densité, la dimension des perforations du second plan incliné et le débit d'air du deuxième canal d'alimentation sont tels que les matériaux de poids intermédiaire sont projetés par l'air provenant du deuxième canal d'alimentation par-dessus le premier déflecteur.This object is perfectly achieved by the air separator of the invention which comprises a first inclined inclined plane of inclination of angle α relative to the horizontal, a second perforated inclined plane of inclination of angle β greater than or equal to α, and a first inclined deflector extending in overhang above the first outlet opening to the front edge of the second outlet opening and in that the density, the dimension of the perforations of the second inclined plane and the air flow rate of the second supply channel are such as the materials of intermediate weight are projected by the air coming from the second supply channel over the first deflector.

Les matériaux à séparer qui sont introduits par l'ouverture d'entrée se déplacent naturellement sur le premier plan incliné. L'air provenant du premier canal soulève ces matériaux et les désolidarise les uns des autres. Déjà les matériaux les plus légers sont soulevés et entrâinés vers la troisième ouverture de sortie grâce au système d'aspiration qui crée dans la chambre de séparation une légère dépression. Les autres matériaux se déplacent sur le second plan incliné. L'air soufflé à travers les perforations dudit second plan rejette lesdits matériaux vers l'intérieur de la chambre. Le premier déflecteur incliné permet de faire la sélection entre les matériaux lourds et les matériaux d'un poids intermédiaire : les matériaux lourds qui ont une trajectoire basse n'atteignent pas la face inférieure du premier déflecteur et tombent dans la première ouverture de sortie qui est surplombée par ledit déflecteur, tandis que les matériaux de poids intermédiaire, qui ont une trajectoire plus haute, passent au-dessus du premier déflecteur. Dans ce cas, la face supérieure du premier déflecteur joue le rôle de glissière permettant aux matériaux de poids intermédiaire de se déplacer après être retombés sur ladite face supérieure, jusqu'à la deuxième ouverture de sortie.The materials to be separated which are introduced through the inlet opening move naturally on the first inclined plane. The air from the first channel lifts these materials and separates them from each other. The lightest materials are already lifted and entrained towards the third outlet opening thanks to the suction system which creates a slight depression in the separation chamber. The other materials move on the second inclined plane. The air blown through the perforations of said second plane rejects said materials towards the interior of the chamber. The first inclined deflector makes it possible to select between heavy materials and materials of intermediate weight: heavy materials which have a low trajectory do not reach the underside of the first deflector and fall into the first outlet opening which is overhung by said deflector, while the materials of intermediate weight, which have a higher trajectory, pass over the first deflector. In this case, the upper face of the first deflector acts as a slide allowing the materials of intermediate weight to move after having fallen onto said upper face, up to the second outlet opening.

De préférence, la densité, la dimension des perforations du second plan incliné, et le débit d'air du canal d'alimentation correspondant sont choisis de telle sorte que la vitesse du flux d'air à la sortie du second plan incliné est de l'ordre de 50 m/s.Preferably, the density, the dimension of the perforations of the second inclined plane, and the air flow rate of the corresponding supply channel are chosen so that the speed of the air flow at the outlet of the second inclined plane is l '' order of 50 m / s.

Avantageusement, la densité, la dimension des perforations des deux plans inclinés et le débit d'air des deux canaux d'alimentation sont choisis de telle sorte que la vitesse du flux d'air en sortie du second plan incliné est environ deux fois plus importante que la vitesse du flux d'air en sortie du premier plan incliné.Advantageously, the density, the dimension of the perforations of the two inclined planes and the air flow rate of the two supply channels are chosen so that the speed of the air flow leaving the second inclined plane is approximately twice as great. as the speed of the air flow leaving the first inclined plane.

Lorsque l'angle α du premier plan incliné est très faible, c'est-à-dire inférieur ou égal à 9°, il est préférable que l'angle β soit strictement supérieur à l'angle α dans la mesure où le demandeur a remarqué que si ces deux angles avaient la même valeur, il pouvait se produire une certaine stagnation des matériaux passant du premier au second plan incliné. Cette stagnation est sans doute due aux turbulences provoquées localement par les différences de vitesse d'écoulement des deux flux d'air sortant des perforations des deux plans inclinés. Il se crée à l'interface entre les deux plans inclinés un effet de barrière qui peut empêcher le bon déplacement des matériaux du premier au second plan.When the angle α of the first inclined plane is very small, that is to say less than or equal to 9 °, it is preferable that the angle β is strictly greater than the angle α since the applicant has noticed that if these two angles had the same value, there could be a certain stagnation of materials passing from the first to the second inclined plane. This stagnation is no doubt due to the turbulence locally caused by the differences in flow speed of the two air flows leaving the perforations of the two inclined planes. A barrier effect is created at the interface between the two inclined planes which can prevent the proper movement of materials from the first to the second plane.

Afin d'éviter tout risque de stagnation, l'angle α du premier plan incliné sera choisi supérieur à 9°, et de préférence égal à 15°. Dans ce cas, l'angle β du second plan incliné pourra avantageusement être égal à l'angle α, de telle sorte que les premier et second plans inclinés puissent être constitués par un unique plan incliné.In order to avoid any risk of stagnation, the angle α of the first inclined plane will be chosen to be greater than 9 °, and preferably equal to 15 °. In this case, the angle β of the second inclined plane may advantageously be equal to the angle α, so that the first and second inclined planes can be constituted by a single inclined plane.

Afin d'éviter tout risque d'évacuation accidentelle des déchets de poids intermédiaire par la troisième ouverture, le séparateur aéraulique comprend en outre un second déflecteur qui est positionné dans la chambre de séparation, dans une zone surplombant le second plan incliné et la première ouverture, et située entre le premier déflecteur et la troisième ouverture. Ce second déflecteur fait obstacle aux matériaux de poids intermédiaire qui sont soulevés par le flux d'air passant à travers le second plan incliné, et permet de rediriger ces matériaux en direction de la face supérieure du premier déflecteur.To avoid any risk of accidental disposal of heavy waste Intermediate through the third opening, the air separator further comprises a second deflector which is positioned in the separation chamber, in an area overhanging the second inclined plane and the first opening, and situated between the first deflector and the third opening. This second deflector obstructs materials of intermediate weight which are lifted by the air flow passing through the second inclined plane, and makes it possible to redirect these materials towards the upper face of the first deflector.

Afin de favoriser le déplacement des matériaux à séparer sur les plans inclinés, ainsi que sur la face supérieure du premier déflecteur, il est préférable que le séparateur comporte des moyens de mise en vibration, aptes à communiquer à la chambre de séparation une vibration à fréquence basse et à élongation élevée.In order to favor the movement of the materials to be separated on the inclined planes, as well as on the upper face of the first deflector, it is preferable that the separator comprises means of setting in vibration, able to communicate to the separation chamber a vibration at frequency low and high elongation.

De tels moyens de mise en vibration peuvent consister dans des ressorts sur lesquels est posée la chambre de séparation et dans deux arbres excentrés tournant en sens inverse et entraînés par des moteurs freins, lesdits arbres étant solidaires des faces latérales de la chambre de part et d'autre de l'ouverture d'entrée.Such vibrating means may consist of springs on which the separation chamber is placed and in two eccentric shafts rotating in opposite directions and driven by brake motors, said shafts being integral with the lateral faces of the chamber on the side and d other of the entrance opening.

La mise en vibration à fréquence basse et à élongation élevée favorise l'individualisation des matériaux, après qu'ils aient été introduits par l'ouverture d'entrée dans la chambre de séparation et également leur déplacement le long des plans et du premier déflecteur incliné.The vibration at low frequency and high elongation promotes the individualization of the materials, after they have been introduced through the entry opening in the separation chamber and also their movement along the planes and the first inclined deflector .

De préférence, les matériaux à séparer comportant des bouteilles de verre, I'extrémité avant du premier déflecteur surplombe l'extrémité arrière du second plan incliné à une distance d'environ 150 mm. Grâce à cette disposition particulière, il est possible d'obtenir un tri des bouteilles de verre qui, n'étant pas projetées au-dessus du premier déflecteur, passent obligatoirement dans l'espace situé entre ledit déflecteur et le second plan incliné et tombent dans la première ouverture de sortie. Ce résultat est obtenu avec une fiabilité quasi-totale, ce qui permet un tri sélectif extrêmement poussé.Preferably, the materials to be separated comprising glass bottles, the front end of the first deflector overhangs the rear end of the second inclined plane at a distance of approximately 150 mm. Thanks to this particular arrangement, it is possible to obtain a sorting of the glass bottles which, not being projected above the first deflector, obligatorily pass into the space situated between said deflector and the second inclined plane and fall into the first outlet opening. This result is obtained with almost total reliability, which allows an extremely thorough selective sorting.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va être faite de deux modes particuliers de réalisation d'un séparateur aéraulique vibré, illustré par le dessin annexé sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un premier mode particulier d'un séparateur aéraulique vibré dans lequel l'angle β du second plan incliné est strictement supérieur à l'angle α du premier plan incliné.
  • la figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un deuxième mode particulier de réalisation d'un séparateur aéraulique vibré dans lequel les angles α et β sont égaux.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the description which will be made of two particular embodiments of a vibrated aeraulic separator, illustrated by the appended drawing in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first particular mode of a vibrated air separator in which the angle β of the second inclined plane is strictly greater than the angle α of the first inclined plane.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second particular embodiment of a vibrating air separator in which the angles α and β are equal.

Le séparateur aéraulique 1 est destiné plus particulièrement au tri de déchets domestiques ayant fait l'objet d'une collecte multi-matériaux. La particularité de cette collecte réside dans une répartition spontanée des utilisateurs entre différentes catégories de déchets. Ainsi , il peut être demandé aux utilisateurs de répartir l'ensemble de leurs déchets dans différentes bennes, par exemple une benne destinée à recevoir les bouteilles, qu'elles soient en verre ou en plastique, les cartons, les papiers... à l'exception des matières organiques tandis qu'une autre benne sera destinée à recevoir lesdites matières organiques.The air separator 1 is intended more particularly for sorting household waste which has been the subject of a multi-material collection. The particularity of this collection lies in a spontaneous distribution of users between different categories of waste. Thus, users may be asked to distribute all of their waste in different skips, for example a skip intended to receive bottles, whether of glass or plastic, cardboard boxes, papers ... except organic matter while another bucket will be intended to receive said organic matter.

Le séparateur 1 est destiné plus particulièrement au tri des déchets non organiques. Il est constitué d'une chambre de séparation 2 ayant globalement la forme d'un caisson polyédrique à six faces.The separator 1 is intended more particularly for sorting non-organic waste. It consists of a separation chamber 2 having the overall shape of a polyhedral box with six faces.

La chambre de séparation 2 comporte quatre ouvertures destinées au passage des matériaux, à savoir une ouverture d'entrée 3 et trois ouvertures de sortie 4, 5 et 6.The separation chamber 2 has four openings for the passage of materials, namely an inlet opening 3 and three outlet openings 4, 5 and 6.

La fonction impartie au séparateur 1 est de répartir les matériaux entrant dans la chambre de séparation 2 par l'ouverture d'entrée 3 en trois lots distincts, qui sont évacués par les trois ouvertures de sortie 4, 5 et 6 en fonction de leur poids et de leur forme. Plus précisément les matériaux lourds, notamment les bouteilles de verre et les objets en papier ou carton compacts par exemple certains annuaires téléphoniques, seront évacués par la première ouverture de sortie 4, tandis que les matériaux de poids intermédiaire, notamment les bouteilles de plastique, objets de papier ou carton moins compacts, seront évacués par la deuxième ouverture de sortie 5, tandis que les matériaux plus légers tels que les feuilles de papier ou films plastiques ainsi que les poussières seront évacués par la troisième ouverture de sortie 6.The function assigned to the separator 1 is to distribute the materials entering the separation chamber 2 through the inlet opening 3 into three separate batches, which are discharged through the three outlet openings 4, 5 and 6 according to their weight. and their shape. More specifically, heavy materials, in particular glass bottles and objects made of compact paper or cardboard, for example certain telephone directories, will be evacuated through the first outlet opening 4, while materials of intermediate weight, in particular bottles of plastic, less compact paper or cardboard objects, will be evacuated through the second outlet opening 5, while lighter materials such as sheets of paper or plastic films as well as dust will be evacuated through the third outlet opening 6.

Comme cela apparaît sur la figure 1, l'ouverture d'entrée 3 est située dans la face latérale avant 7 de la chambre et en bas de celle-ci. La troisième ouverture de sortie 6 est située dans la face supérieure 8 de la chambre 2 vers la face latérale arrière 9.As shown in Figure 1, the inlet opening 3 is located in the front side face 7 of the chamber and at the bottom thereof. The third outlet opening 6 is located in the upper face 8 of the chamber 2 towards the rear side face 9.

Partant de la face latérale avant 7, la face inférieure 10 de la chambre 2 comporte successivement un premier puis second plan incliné, la première ouverture de sortie 4 surplombée par un premier déflecteur incliné 13 puis enfin la deuxième ouverture de sortie 5.Starting from the front lateral face 7, the lower face 10 of the chamber 2 successively comprises a first then second inclined plane, the first outlet opening 4 overhung by a first inclined deflector 13 then finally the second outlet opening 5.

Le premier plan incliné consiste en une tôle perforée 11 qui est inclinée d'un angle α par rapport à l'horizontale. Les perforations pratiquées dans la tôle Il sont des trous 22 régulièrement répartis sur toute la surface de la tôle 11.The first inclined plane consists of a perforated sheet 11 which is inclined at an angle α relative to the horizontal. The perforations made in the sheet metal II are holes 22 regularly distributed over the entire surface of the sheet metal 11.

Le second plan incliné consiste en une tôle perforée 12 qui est inclinée par rapport à l'horizontale d'un angle β, supérieur à l'angle α. Les perforations pratiquées dans cette seconde tôle 12 sont des trous 23 régulièrement répartis sur toute la surface de la seconde tôle 12.The second inclined plane consists of a perforated plate 12 which is inclined relative to the horizontal by an angle β, greater than the angle α. The perforations made in this second sheet 12 are holes 23 regularly distributed over the entire surface of the second sheet 12.

Bien sûr le premier et le second plan inclinés peuvent consister dans la même tôle perforée. Il suffit dans ce cas qu'il y ait une ligne de pliure pour démarquer les deux plans inclinés 11 et 12.Of course the first and second inclined planes can consist of the same perforated sheet. In this case, it suffices that there is a fold line to demarcate the two inclined planes 11 and 12.

En-dessous de la chambre de séparation 2 sont prévus deux canaux d'amenée d'air 14, 15 qui débouchent respectivement sous la première tôle perforée 11 pour le premier canal 14 et sous la seconde tôle perforée 12 pour le second canal 15.Below the separation chamber 2 are provided two air supply channels 14, 15 which open respectively under the first perforated sheet 11 for the first channel 14 and under the second perforated sheet 12 for the second channel 15.

Dans l'exemple représenté à la figure 1, les deux canaux 14 et 15 sont fixés rigidement à la chambre de séparation 2 et sont connectables par liaison souple à une installation d'alimentation en air sous pression.In the example shown in Figure 1, the two channels 14 and 15 are rigidly fixed to the separation chamber 2 and are connectable by flexible connection to a pressurized air supply installation.

Le premier déflecteur 13 est une tôle pleine, inclinée comme cela est représenté sur la figure 1, de telle manière qu'à son extrémité avant 16 il surplombe sensiblement l'extrémité arrière 17 de la seconde tôle perforée située à proximité immédiate de la première ouverture de sortie 4. La distance d entre le bord avant 16 du déflecteur 13 et l'extrémité avant 17 de la seconde tôle perforée 12 est de préférence de l'ordre de 150 mm lorsqu'il s'agit de récupérer dans la première ouverture de sortie 4 des bouteilles en verre.The first deflector 13 is a solid sheet, inclined as shown in FIG. 1, so that at its front end 16 it substantially overhangs the rear end 17 of the second perforated sheet located in the immediate vicinity of the first opening outlet 4. The distance d between the front edge 16 of the deflector 13 and the front end 17 of the second perforated sheet 12 is preferably of the order of 150 mm when it comes to recovering in the first opening of outlet 4 for glass bottles.

L'extrémité arrière 18 du déflecteur 13 est située à proximité immédiate de la deuxième ouverture de sortie 5.The rear end 18 of the deflector 13 is located in the immediate vicinity of the second outlet opening 5.

Comme cela apparaît sur la figure 1, la troisième ouverture de sortie 6 est matérialisée par un conduit 19 faisant office de cheminée reliée par liaison souple à un système d'aspiration non représenté.As shown in Figure 1, the third outlet opening 6 is materialized by a conduit 19 acting as a chimney connected by flexible connection to a suction system not shown.

Dans sa version préférée, l'ensemble constitué par la chambre de séparation 2 proprement dite et les deux canaux d'amenée d'air 14 et 15 est monté en vibration à fréquence basse et élongation élevée, dans le sens des flèches F.In its preferred version, the assembly constituted by the separation chamber 2 proper and the two air supply channels 14 and 15 is mounted in vibration at low frequency and high elongation, in the direction of the arrows F.

Pour ce faire, cet ensemble est posé sur quatre ressorts 20 placés deux à deux de part et d'autre des deux faces latérales de la chambre de séparation, adjacentes aux faces latérales avant 7 et arrière 9, grâce à des tubes supports 21 a et 21b, fixés rigidement aux deux faces latérales et qui reposent sur les ressorts 20. Dans chacun des tubes 21 a et 21 b tourne un arbre excentré, entraîné par des moteurs freins. Sur la figure 1, on n' a représenté qu'un support avant 21 a et un support arrière 21b, cependant on comprend que les deux autres supports, non représentés, se trouvent placés symétriquement sur l'autre face de la chambre de séparation 2. On a donc deux jeux de deux bras de supports/ressort, l'un étant situé vers l'avant de la chambre et l'autre vers l'arrière de la chambre de séparation 2. La mise en vibration est obtenue par la rotation en sens inverse de deux arbres tournant respectivement dans les supports 21 a et 21 b. La vitesse de rotation, la masse et l'excentration des arbres ainsi que la raideur des ressorts 20 sont déterminées en sorte que la vibration obtenue est de fréquence basse et d'élongation élevée. Par exemple l'élongation est de 12 mm et la fréquence des vibrations de l'ordre de 1,2 G. Une telle mise en vibration permet d'obtenir l'avancement des matériaux déposés sur les plans inclinés 11 et 12 ainsi qu'une certaine aération desdits matériaux pendant leur déplacement.To do this, this assembly is placed on four springs 20 placed two by two on either side of the two side faces of the separation chamber, adjacent to the front side faces 7 and rear 9, by means of support tubes 21 a and 21 b , rigidly fixed to the two lateral faces and which rest on the springs 20. In each of the tubes 21 a and 21 b rotates an eccentric shaft, driven by brake motors. In Figure 1, n 'shows a front holder 21a and a rear support 21b, however it is understood that the other two brackets, not shown, are placed symmetrically on the other side of the separation chamber 2. There are therefore two sets of two support / spring arms, one being located towards the front of the chamber and the other towards the rear of the separation chamber 2. Vibration is obtained by rotation in the opposite direction of two shafts rotating respectively in the supports 21 a and 21 b . The speed of rotation, the mass and the eccentricity of the shafts as well as the stiffness of the springs 20 are determined so that the vibration obtained is of low frequency and high elongation. For example, the elongation is 12 mm and the frequency of the vibrations of the order of 1.2 G. Such a vibration makes it possible to obtain the advancement of the materials deposited on the inclined planes 11 and 12 as well as a some ventilation of said materials during their movement.

Le fonctionnement du séparateur aéraulique vibré qui vient d'être décrit est le suivant. On introduit de manière continue les déchets par l'ouverture d'entrée 3. Ceux-ci se déplacent sur le premier plan incliné 11 d'une part sous l'action de la vibration et d'autre part sous l'action des jets d'air passant à travers les trous 22. Ces mêmes jets d'air soulèvent de manière désordonnée les déchets, favorisant l'individualisation de ceux-ci, en particulier les matériaux légers soulevés sont entraînés vers la troisième ouverture de sortie 6 du fait de la dépression provoquée à l'intérieur de la chambre de séparation 2 par le système d'aspiration.The operation of the vibrated air separator which has just been described is as follows. The waste is introduced continuously through the inlet opening 3. These move on the first inclined plane 11 on the one hand under the action of vibration and on the other hand under the action of the jets d air passing through the holes 22. These same air jets lift the waste in a disorderly manner, favoring the individualization of the latter, in particular the light materials raised are entrained towards the third outlet opening 6 due to the depression caused inside the separation chamber 2 by the suction system.

Les matériaux les plus lourds progressent jusqu'au second plan incliné 12 où il sont frappés par les jets d'air sortant des trous 23. Les matériaux de poids intermédiaire sont projetés, selon une trajectoire représentée schématiquement par la flèche G sur la figure, de telle sorte qu'ils passent au-dessus du premier déflecteur 13 et retombent sur la face supérieure de celui-ci. La vibration permet le déplacement de ces matériaux de poids intermédiaire, sur ledit déflecteur 13, jusqu'à la deuxième ouverture de sortie 5. Quant aux matériaux les plus lourds, qui ne sont pas projetés au-dessus du premier déflecteur 13, ils se déplacent jusqu'à tomber dans la première ouverture de sortie 4. On a donc ainsi réalisé la répartition des déchets introduits par l'ouverture d'entrée 3 en trois lots distincts de poids sensiblement homogène.The heaviest materials progress to the second inclined plane 12 where they are struck by the air jets leaving the holes 23. The materials of intermediate weight are projected, according to a trajectory represented schematically by the arrow G in the figure, of such that they pass over the first deflector 13 and fall back on the upper face of the latter. The vibration allows the movement of these materials of intermediate weight, on said deflector 13, up to the second outlet opening 5. As for the heavier materials, which are not projected above the first deflector 13, they move until falling into the first outlet opening 4. The distribution of the waste introduced through the inlet opening 3 has thus been divided into three separate batches of substantially uniform weight.

On a représenté sur la figure 2 un séparateur aéraulique 1' qui est une variante de réalisation du séparateur aéraulique 1 vibré qui a été décrit en référence à la figure 1. Par souci de simplification, tous les éléments du séparateur aéraulique 1 de la figure 1 qui se retrouvent dans le séparateur aéraulique 1' ont été indiqués sur la figure 2 avec les mêmes références.FIG. 2 shows an aeraulic separator 1 ′ which is an alternative embodiment of the vibrated aeraulic separator 1 which has been described with reference to FIG. 1. For the sake of simplification, all the elements of the aeraulic separator 1 in FIG. 1 which are found in the air separator 1 'have been indicated in FIG. 2 with the same references.

Le séparateur aéraulique 1' se différencie du séparateur aéraulique 1 principalement en ce que les deux plans inclinés 11 et 12 ont la même inclinaison, les angles α et β étant identiques.The air separator 1 'differs from the air separator 1 mainly in that the two inclined planes 11 and 12 have the same inclination, the angles α and β being identical.

Comme cela apparaît en outre sur le figure 2, la troisième ouverture de sortie, référencée 6', n'est plus matérialisée par un conduit 19 faisant office de cheminée, mais est pratiquée directement dans la partie haute de la face latérale arrière 9, qui est opposée à la face latérale 7. Le demandeur a en effet remarqué que cette disposition de la troisième ouverture 6' permettait d'obtenir une meilleure évacuation des matériaux les plus légers.As it also appears in FIG. 2, the third outlet opening, referenced 6 ′, is no longer materialized by a conduit 19 acting as a chimney, but is formed directly in the upper part of the rear side face 9, which is opposite to the lateral face 7. The applicant has in fact noticed that this arrangement of the third opening 6 ′ allows better evacuation of the lightest materials.

Le séparateur aéraulique 1' comporte également un second déflecteur 24, qui est constitué par un ensemble de plaques passant à travers la chambre de séparation 2. Ces plaques sont positionnées sensiblement horizontalement au-dessus du second plan incliné 12 et de la première ouverture de sortie 4, dans une zone intermédiaire entre le premier déflecteur 13 et la troisième ouverture 6'. la distance D séparant le second plan incliné 12 et la face inférieure 24a du second déflecteur 24 est de préférence de l'ordre de 900mm. Ce second déflecteur 24 a pour fonction de faire obstacle aux matériaux de poids intermédiaire qui pourraient être entraînés jusqu'à la troisième ouverture 6', après avoir été soulevé par le flux d'air passant à travers le second plan incliné 12. Un tel phénomène a pu être observé, en l'absence de second déflecteur, avec des matériaux de poids intermédiaire tels que des bouteilles en plastique. Dans le séparateur aéraulique 1', lorsque de tels matériaux sont soulevés par le flux d'air passant à travers le second plan incliné 12, ils viennent buter contre la face inférieure 24a du second déflecteur 24, puis sont redirigés vers la face supérieure du premier déflecteur 13.The air separator 1 'also includes a second deflector 24, which is constituted by a set of plates passing through the separation chamber 2. These plates are positioned substantially horizontally above the second inclined plane 12 and the first outlet opening. 4, in an intermediate zone between the first deflector 13 and the third opening 6 '. the distance D separating the second inclined plane 12 and the lower face 24 a of the second deflector 24 is preferably of the order of 900mm. This second deflector 24 has the function of obstructing materials of intermediate weight which could be entrained up to the third opening 6 ′, after being lifted by the air flow passing through the second inclined plane 12. Such a phenomenon could be observed, in the absence of a second deflector, with materials of intermediate weight such as plastic bottles. In the air separator 1 ′, when such materials are lifted by the air flow passing through the second inclined plane 12, they abut against the lower face 24 a of the second deflector 24, then are redirected towards the upper face of the first deflector 13.

Pour des angles α inférieurs ou égaux à 9°, il est préférable d'utiliser un séparateur aéraulique du type de celui de la figure 1, afin d'éviter tout risque d'accumulation des matériaux les plus lourds à la jonction des deux plans inclinés.For angles α less than or equal to 9 °, it is preferable to use an aeraulic separator of the type of that of FIG. 1, in order to avoid any risk of accumulation of the heaviest materials at the junction of the two inclined planes .

En revanche pour des angles α strictement supérieurs à 9°, il est préférable d'utiliser un séparateur aéraulique du type de celui de la figure 2, qui est plus simple à réaliser. Dans un mode précis de réalisation du séparateur aéraulique 1', permettant de réaliser la séparation de dix tonnes de déchets par heure, les angles α et β valaient 15° ; les deux plans inclinés 11 et 12 étaient constitués par une unique plaque perforée de forme rectangulaire, les premier et second plans 11 et 12 étant des rectangles ayant pour longueur environ 1,5 m et pour largeurs respectives environ 1,2m et 0,8m le débit d'aspiration de l'air par la troisième ouverture 6'était de 33000m3 à l'heure, tandis que les débits d'amenée de l'air dans les deux canaux 14 et 15 étaient respectivement 15500 et 11500 m3/heure ; le diamètre des perforations 22 et 23 des deux plans 11 et 12 étaient de l'ordre de 25mm les perforations dans chacun des deux plans 11 et 12 étaient réparties de façon homogène et leur nombre avait été calculé de telle sorte que la vitesse du flux d'air à la sortie du plan 11 soit de l'ordre de 25m/s, tandis que celle du flux d'air à la sortie du second plan 12 soit d'environ 50m/s.On the other hand, for angles α strictly greater than 9 °, it is preferable to use an aeraulic separator of the type of that of FIG. 2, which is simpler to produce. In a specific embodiment of the separator ventilation 1 ', allowing the separation of ten tonnes of waste per hour, the angles α and β were 15 °; the two inclined planes 11 and 12 were constituted by a single perforated plate of rectangular shape, the first and second planes 11 and 12 being rectangles having a length of about 1.5 m and for respective widths of about 1.2m and 0.8m the air intake through the third opening 6 was 33000m 3 per hour, while the air intake through the two channels 14 and 15 were 15500 and 11500 m 3 / hour respectively ; the diameter of the perforations 22 and 23 of the two planes 11 and 12 were of the order of 25mm the perforations in each of the two planes 11 and 12 were distributed in a homogeneous manner and their number had been calculated so that the speed of the flow d air leaving the plane 11 is of the order of 25 m / s, while that of the air flow leaving the second plane 12 is about 50 m / s.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation précis qui vient d'être décrit. En particulier le premier déflecteur 13 peut être monté réglable, par pivotement autour de son extrémité arrière 18 de manière à régler la distance d en fonction du calibre des matériaux à séparer et en particulier des matériaux lourds à évacuer par la première ouverture de sortie 4.The present invention is not limited to the precise embodiment which has just been described. In particular, the first deflector 13 can be mounted adjustable, by pivoting around its rear end 18 so as to adjust the distance d as a function of the caliber of the materials to be separated and in particular of the heavy materials to be discharged through the first outlet opening 4.

Par ailleurs, dans le cas où le séparateur aéraulique n'est pas équipé de moyens de vibration, il peut être avantageux d'équiper le premier déflecteur 13 de moyens spécifiques permettant le déplacement vers la deuxième ouverture de sortie 5 des matériaux retombant sur la face supérieure dudit déflecteur. Ces moyens spécifiques peuvent éventuellement être des moyens autonomes de vibration, mais peuvent être aussi des moyens pneumatiques permettant de projeter vers l'avant lesdits matériaux. Dans ce dernier cas, le premier déflecteur sera avantageusement un corps creux dont la cavité intérieure sera alimentée en air sous pression et dont la face supérieure sera munie d'ouvertures faisant office de buses de projection, lesdites ouvertures étant bien sûr dirigées dans le sens de l'avancement de la matière sur le premier déflecteur 13.Furthermore, in the case where the aeraulic separator is not equipped with vibration means, it may be advantageous to equip the first deflector 13 with specific means allowing the movement of the materials falling on the face towards the second outlet opening 5 upper of said deflector. These specific means may possibly be autonomous means of vibration, but may also be pneumatic means making it possible to project said materials forward. In the latter case, the first deflector will advantageously be a hollow body whose internal cavity will be supplied with pressurized air and whose upper face will be provided with openings acting as projection nozzles, said openings being of course directed in the direction of the advancement of the material on the first deflector 13.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée à la séparation des déchets ménagers, comme cela vient d'être décrit, mais peut s'appliquer de manière plus générale à la séparation de matériaux présentant une hétérogénéité de poids ou de forme et pour lequel il est souhaitable d'obtenir une répartition sensiblement homogène par lot de poids différent.The present invention is not limited to the separation of waste household goods, as described above, but can be applied more generally to the separation of materials having a heterogeneity of weight or shape and for which it is desirable to obtain a substantially homogeneous distribution by batch of different weight .

Claims (11)

  1. An aeraulic separator for separating materials into three batches of different weights or shapes, which comprises a separation chamber (2) presenting an upper face (8), a lower face (10) and four lateral faces and comprising:
    a) in the lower part of a first lateral face (7), an opening for admission (3) of the materials to be separated,
    b) in the lower face (10), successively from said first lateral face (7) up to the opposite lateral face (9):
    - perforated inclined planes supplied with air by air-supply channels,
    - a first outlet opening (4) of the batch corresponding to the heavier materials,
    - a second outlet opening (5) of the batch corresponding to the materials of intermediate weight,
    c) in the upper part of the separation chamber (2), a third outlet opening (6, 6') of the batch corresponding to the light materials, connected to a suction system, the density, the dimensions of the perforations of the perforated inclined planes and the flowrate of air of the supply channels and of the suction system being such that the materials to be separated, introduced in the separation chamber (2), move over the inclined planes and are evacuated respectively via the third outlet opening (6) for the light materials, via the first outlet opening (4) for the heavy materials and via the second outlet opening (5) for the materials of intermediate weight, characterized in that it comprises a first perforated inclined plane (11) with an inclination of angle α with respect to the horizontal, a second perforated inclined plane (12) with an inclination of angle β greater than or equal to α, and a first inclined deflector (13) extending above the first outlet opening (4) up to the front edge (18) of the second outlet opening (5) and in that the density, the dimensions of the perforations of the second inclined plane and the flowrate of air of the second supply channel are such that the materials of intermediate weight are projected by the air coming from the second supply channel (15) above the first defector (13).
  2. The aeraulic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the density, the dimensions of the perforations of the second inclined plane (12), and the flowrate of air of the corresponding supply channel (15) are chosen so that the velocity of the air flow at the outlet of the second inclined plane is of the order of 50m/s.
  3. The aeraulic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the density, the dimensions of the perforations of the two inclined planes (11, 12), and the flowrate of air of the two supply channels (14, 15) are chosen so that the velocity of the air flow at the outlet of the second inclined plane (12) is about twice the velocity of the air flow at the outlet of the first inclined plane (11).
  4. The aeraulic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle α of inclination of the first inclined plane (11) and the angle β of inclination of the second inclined plane (12) are equal, greater than 9° and preferably equal to 15°.
  5. The aeraulic separator according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises a second deflector (24) which is positioned in the separation chamber (2) in the zone which overhangs the second inclined plane (12) and the first outlet opening (4) and which is located between the first deflector (13) and the third opening (6, 6'), so as to form an obstacle to the materials of intermediate weight and to redirect them towards the upper face of the first defector (13).
  6. The aeraulic separator according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the third outlet opening (6') is made in the upper part of the lateral face (9) which is opposite the lateral face (7) comprising the inlet opening (3).
  7. The aeraulic separator according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises vibration means adapted to communicate to the separation chamber a vibration at low frequency and at high elongation.
  8. The aeraulic separator according to claim 7, characterized in that the vibration means consist in springs (20) on which the separation chamber (2) is placed and in eccentric shafts (21a, b) rotating in opposite direction and driven by brake motors, said shafts (21a, b) being fast with the lateral faces of the chamber (2) on either side of the inlet opening (3).
  9. The aeraulic separator according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, as the materials to be separated include glass bottles, the front end (16) of the first deflector (13) overhangs the rear end (17) of the second inclined plane (12) at a distance of about 150 mm.
  10. The aeraulic separator according to one of claims 1 or 9, characterized in that the first defector (13) is of adjustable inclination.
  11. The aeraulic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first defector (13) is a hollow body of which the inner cavity is supplied with air under pressure and whose upper face is pierced with orifices inclined in the direction of advance of the materials towards the second outlet opening (5).
EP93490025A 1993-01-26 1993-12-20 Air separator, particularly for sorting wastes Expired - Lifetime EP0608658B1 (en)

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CA002113368A CA2113368C (en) 1993-01-26 1994-01-13 Aeraulic separator, particularly for sorting waste
US08/180,665 US5437373A (en) 1993-01-26 1994-01-13 Aeraulic separator, particularly for sorting waste

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9301117A FR2700718B1 (en) 1993-01-26 1993-01-26 Aeraulic separator, especially for sorting waste.
FR9301117 1993-01-26

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EP0608658B1 true EP0608658B1 (en) 1997-03-26

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AT (1) ATE150673T1 (en)
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CN103394464B (en) * 2013-08-16 2015-07-15 华新水泥股份有限公司 RDF winnowing system

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FR1193715A (en) * 1957-12-17 1959-11-04 Birtley Soc Method and apparatus for the separation of divided solids
JPS6061050A (en) * 1983-09-14 1985-04-08 Nippon Jiryoku Senko Kk Classifier
JPH0659463B2 (en) * 1984-05-08 1994-08-10 ビューラー アーゲー Apparatus and method for selectively removing heavy objects, especially stones, etc. from grains or other loose materials
SU1713682A1 (en) * 1989-08-14 1992-02-23 Государственный проектно-конструкторский институт "Гипромашуглеобогащение" Pneumatic separator

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DE69309251D1 (en) 1997-04-30
FR2700718B1 (en) 1995-04-14
ATE150673T1 (en) 1997-04-15
EP0608658A1 (en) 1994-08-03
FR2700718A1 (en) 1994-07-29
DE69309251T2 (en) 1997-08-07

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