EP0604646A1 - Machine electrique - Google Patents

Machine electrique

Info

Publication number
EP0604646A1
EP0604646A1 EP93917598A EP93917598A EP0604646A1 EP 0604646 A1 EP0604646 A1 EP 0604646A1 EP 93917598 A EP93917598 A EP 93917598A EP 93917598 A EP93917598 A EP 93917598A EP 0604646 A1 EP0604646 A1 EP 0604646A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pole
groove
electrical machine
machine according
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93917598A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Hillermann
Wolf-Rüdiger Canders
Harald Klein
Heinz Von Sothen
Eduard Wiegandt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Piller Group GmbH
Original Assignee
Piller GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Piller GmbH filed Critical Piller GmbH
Publication of EP0604646A1 publication Critical patent/EP0604646A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/223—Heat bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/22—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors consisting of hollow conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H02K3/345—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/227—Heat sinks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine, comprising a rotor rotating about an axis and a stator, which comprises a set with a plurality of C-shaped pole elements arranged at equal angular intervals around the axis, each with a base web and two of this protruding pole fingers forms a pole groove in which a stator winding is located.
  • Such electrical machines are known for example from DE-OS 35 36 538 or DE-OS 39 27 454.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving an electrical machine of the generic type in such a way that the electrical machine is sufficiently reliable to function with the simplest possible structural solution.
  • the pole groove is provided with a slot lining located between the stator winding and each pole element and in that the slot lining comprises an electrically insulating material lying flat between the stator winding and the pole element.
  • a particularly reliable slot insulation can be achieved if the slot lining comprises a C-shaped insulating area which lies in the pole slot.
  • the slot lining could, for example, be a powder coating in the region of the pole slot, which in particular also surrounds outer edges of the pole slot in order to prevent the stator winding from "rubbing" on these outer edges.
  • the groove lining comprises an electrically insulating flat material inserted into the pole groove.
  • the area similar to C is expediently formed as a one-piece part from the electrically insulating flat material, which in particular facilitates the assembly of a groove lining.
  • stator winding is supported on the pole elements via the slot lining, so that on the one hand an electrical short circuit between the stator winding and the pole elements is avoided and, on the other hand, the slot lining is used as a simple way to securely fix the stator winding in the electrical machine.
  • the slot lining the stator winding in an intermediate space between two pole elements at least approximately half of a circumferential surface of the releases the respective stator winding.
  • the slot lining essentially releases the stator winding into a space between two poles, so that the stator winding can be cooled in this space by a cooling medium.
  • the slot lining is preferably only slightly above or surrounds the outer edges of the pole slot in order to prevent the stator winding from “rubbing” on the latter.
  • each pole element is provided with its own groove lining.
  • the slot lining in each Pole element is secured against displacement in the winding or azimuthal direction of the stator winding relative to the pole element. This avoids that the slot lining moves out of the pole element in this direction and thus an electrical short circuit occurs between the stator winding and the pole element during operation of the electrical machine and / or the stator winding is no longer supported by the respective pole element he follows.
  • a hot melt adhesive layer between the groove lining and the pole element is suitable for this purpose, which can be activated by heating after inserting the groove lining into the pole groove.
  • the groove lining is positively fixed to the pole element.
  • Such positive locking of the groove lining on the pole element is preferably carried out by at least one securing element projecting transversely to the winding or azimuthal direction of the stator winding in the direction of the pole element.
  • This securing element can either be designed so that it engages in a recess in the pole element.
  • the securing element rests on, for example, a lateral surface of the respective pole element.
  • two securing elements resting on opposite sides on a surface of the pole element are provided.
  • the securing elements can be arranged in such a way that one each is arranged on mutually opposite groove side wall elements of the groove lining and thus each secures against displacement of the groove lining in an opposite direction.
  • each of the groove side wall elements carries two securing elements.
  • a further alternative or additional safeguarding of the slot linings against movement in the winding or azimuthal direction provides that the slot linings of successive pole elements are connected to one another by a web. As a result, the groove linings of successive pole elements are supported against one another, so that only a common displacement of all groove linings is possible.
  • This solution is particularly advantageous in that all groove linings are connected to one another via the web, so that the groove linings can be inserted, for example, into the pole grooves of a set of pole elements.
  • a web can be arranged, for example, in the area of the groove side wall elements. For example, it would be conceivable to connect each of the successive groove side wall elements with such a web.
  • the web is arranged in the area of a groove bottom element of the groove lining and thus connects successive groove bottom elements to one another.
  • the advantage of a web arranged in the area of the groove bottom elements can also be seen in the fact that this allows additional fixing of the groove lining, for example in addition to the securing elements.
  • an advantageous embodiment provides that the groove lining is secured against movement parallel to the pole fingers in the pole element. This is preferably a safeguard against movement in the direction of an end of the pole fingers opposite the base web.
  • Such securing of the groove lining can also be done again via an adhesive layer, for example a hot melt adhesive.
  • an adhesive layer for example a hot melt adhesive.
  • the groove lining is positively secured to the respective pole element. This is preferably achieved in that the groove lining engages in a recess in the pole element.
  • a solution is particularly advantageous in which the groove lining engages with an end edge of a groove side wall element in the recess of the pole element.
  • a fixation of the groove lining is particularly secure when both groove side wall elements engage with their end edges in recesses in the pole element.
  • the groove side wall element has projections which are bent over in the direction of the recess in the pole element and which, for example, in the form of a snap connection into the recesses can be snapped into place.
  • the groove lining comprises two part groove linings and that each part groove lining comprises a groove side wall element, a part groove bottom element and a spacer finger element, so that such a part groove lining can be used in each of the part grooves separated by the spacer finger , which rests with its groove side wall element on the groove side wall, with its partial groove bottom element on the respective partial groove bottom and with its spacer finger element on the respective spacer finger side.
  • the spacer finger element folds around a tip of the spacer finger.
  • the spacer finger element is wrapped around a tip of the spacer finger and rests with an end region on the opposite side of the spacer finger.
  • Such a spacer finger creates in particular an optimal possibility of dissipating heat from the respective stator winding, that is to say in particular from a central region thereof, heat dissipation taking place in the region of the spacer finger via the respective spacer finger element of the slot lining.
  • An advantageous exemplary embodiment provides that the stator winding is secured against movement parallel to the pole fingers in the pole groove by a slot cover.
  • this slot cover could also be glued to the pole elements.
  • the slot cover is held in a form-fitting manner on the pole element. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the groove cover engages in recesses in the pole fingers.
  • a particularly expedient solution provides that the slot cover engages in recesses in the side of the pole groove in the pole element.
  • the groove cover engages in the recesses provided for the end edges of the groove side wall elements, so that only one type of recess is to be provided which both the groove lining and the groove cover have a positive fit fixed.
  • the slot cover can be locked with the pole element for positive locking and thus forms a snap connection.
  • the groove lining comprises a prefabricated plastic part, for example an injection molded part.
  • This plastic part is advantageously manufactured in its final form, in particular as an individual part.
  • the groove lining is separated from the flat material, for example punched, and is bent in a C-shape. This represents the simplest possibility of producing the shape of a groove lining for each individual pole element as simply and inexpensively as possible.
  • groove linings are connected to one another only by a web
  • all groove linings are produced in a coherent manner, that is to say, for example, punched out of the flat material, preferably a straight flat material strip, and then bent in a C-shape , wherein the web connects the individual groove linings together.
  • stator winding is thermally coupled to the pole elements via the slot lining. Good cooling of the stator winding can thus be achieved via the pole elements.
  • the groove lining is thermally coupled to the respective pole element via a thermal contact material.
  • the slot lining is thermally coupled to the stator winding via a thermal contact material.
  • the heat contact material is preferably a heat-conducting paste or a casting compound, for example a resin.
  • the solution according to the invention is particularly advantageous if the electrical machine has a stator winding which runs in a ring around the axis of the rotor and through the pole slots, since such a stator winding can be insulated from the pole elements particularly advantageously with the slot linings according to the invention.
  • the magnetic circuit elements could also be permanent magnets. However, magnetic circuit elements made of a non-permanently magnetized and magnetically conductive material are particularly advantageous.
  • Such a stator winding preferably carries both an AC current component and a DC current component, so that the electrical machine according to the invention operates as an electrical reluctance machine.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the electrical machine according to the invention operates as a synchronous motor, in particular as a modified reluctance motor, in which the number of pole elements of a set corresponds to the number of magnetic circuit elements assigned to this set of pole elements and all magnetic circuit elements are attracted to the pole elements at the same time or not get dressed by.
  • the pole elements are E-shaped, ie double-C-shaped.
  • the pole fingers are preferably arranged such that they extend parallel to the axis of the rotor.
  • a structurally particularly advantageous solution provides that the pole elements are held on a stator carrier.
  • a particularly advantageous solution in terms of compactness and energy conversion also provides two sets of pole elements.
  • Such synchronous machines are used in particular where a high force density per unit volume and low losses are required.
  • Essential features of such transverse flux machines are the design of the winding in the form of ring coils concentric to the shaft and the magnetic circuits arranged transversely around the coil.
  • the magnetic flux is guided in soft iron pole elements which are arranged perpendicular to the direction of movement, the Winding with its magnetizing parts runs in the longitudinal direction and is divided into two coil parts, one of which carries a direct current and the other an alternating current.
  • the magnetic circuits formed by the soft iron pole elements should always include both coil parts.
  • the solution according to the invention is based on the consideration of optimizing the pole geometry of the machine in the sense of increasing the force density, based on the machine volume.
  • the invention in its most general embodiment provides an electrically excited transverse flux machine with a movable and a fixed part (rotor; stator) with the following features:
  • the stator has a number of pole elements aligned radially to the shaft of the machine, which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, each pole element is formed with at least one pole groove extending in the direction of the axis of the rotor, for example each pole element, starting from a central pole section, in the direction of two end-side end shields of the machine is formed in mirror image.
  • the rotor guided on roller bearings in particular comprises two carrier disks, each of which is equipped with at least one rotor ring which runs concentrically to the shaft and engages in the corresponding pole groove in the stator.
  • This structure enables the arrangement of the soft iron pole elements in a uniform distribution and radial alignment in a very small space, and the corresponding design of the rotor rings enables a high force density with a small mass.
  • the pole elements starting from the central pole section, are each formed with three pole fingers on each side (mirror image), with simultaneous formation of two pole grooves each concentric to the axis Page.
  • the individual pole piece thus has the shape of a double "E", the two "E” being arranged in mirror image to one another.
  • excitation coils can be coils wound from copper wire.
  • one embodiment of the invention provides for the insulation between the excitation coils and the pole faces of the corresponding pole fingers to be formed by U-shaped insulating bodies or groove linings that are open in the direction of the end shields.
  • the individual insulating pieces or groove designs can preferably be discrete components, but this requires a corresponding outlay on equipment.
  • the base sections of the U-shaped bent-up insulating bodies should therefore be integrally connected to one another between adjacent pole elements.
  • the insulating body can be a stamped insulating paper, which then has a central, annular, closed base, from which radially outward and inward leg sections run which are later bent up. With the help of a single tool, such an insulating body can be used in one work step.
  • a further development provides for the free ends of the U-legs of each insulating body section to be cranked outwards, the cranked section then being able to engage in corresponding slots on the surfaces of the pole fingers. In this way, an anti-rotation lock is achieved at the same time.
  • the excitation coils are covered on the top by insulating pieces attached to the pole fingers.
  • the slots for the insulating bodies can also be used to fix insulating pieces which are placed on the top side of the excitation coils, in particular if the excitation coil is made in several parts per pole slot, so that the individual partial windings are separated from one another by the insulating pieces mentioned are separated.
  • the electrical connection elements of the windings can be brought out radially between the pole pieces.
  • the pole elements are preferably made of soft iron and are each formed, for example, from a large number of laminated sheets. Electrical baked enamel sheets have proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • the application of a shrink ring has proven to be advantageous. A corresponding inner ring can prevent the deformation of the pole elements.
  • a shrink ring which then preferably runs on the peripheral surface of the central pole sections, is sufficient for the assembly.
  • the pole fingers projecting on both sides can also be surrounded on the circumference by their own shrink rings.
  • shrink rings can be widened, for example, by inductive heating and then applied stationary by cooling to the peripheral surface.
  • the shrink rings can be formed simultaneously with cooling fins or grooves for the passage of cooling air.
  • the rotor rings are formed on the circumference with corresponding groove-like depressions corresponding to the positioning of the pole pieces.
  • each excitation coil lies in each of the pole slots.
  • the excitation coil of each pole slot is divided into two partial coils arranged one above the other (viewed in the direction of the axis).
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a sector-by-section representation of a top view in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1 with the right stator partially broken away at the top left and the rotor partially broken away at the top right;
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged partial plan view of a pole element in a view similar to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged, fragmentary perspective illustration of a pole groove with a groove lining according to the invention in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment
  • 5 shows a perspective illustration of the groove lining of the first exemplary embodiment
  • 6 shows a sectional plan view of a pole element without a groove lining in a view similar to FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged illustration similar to FIG. 3 of a second exemplary embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention with a groove lining;
  • FIG. 9 shows an enlarged illustration similar to FIG. 8 of a third exemplary embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows an enlarged illustration similar to FIG. 3 of a fourth exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 11 shows a plan view of a groove lining made from flat material according to the fourth exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 13 shows a plan view of a partial segment of an insulating body for use in the machine according to FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 the insulating body according to FIG. 13 in the mounting position (in section) and
  • FIG. 15 shows a plan view of an inner surface of a rotor of the machine according to FIG. 12.
  • a first exemplary embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention comprises, as shown in FIG. 1, a housing 10 in which a rotor 12 is mounted so as to rotate about an axis 14.
  • the rotor 12 has a rotor shaft 16, which is mounted in two rotor bearings 18 and 20 arranged at a distance from one another in a front end plate 22 and a rear end plate 24 of the housing 10.
  • the end shields 22 and 24 carry a housing jacket 26 which extends between the end shields 22 and 24 and closes an interior 28 of the housing together with the end shields 22 and 24 to the outside.
  • the end shields 22 and 24 simultaneously represent stator carriers for two stators 30 and 32, each of which, as shown in particular in FIG. 2, a set with a plurality of circumferentially around the axis 14 at equal angular distances and equal radial distances from the Axis 14 arranged pole elements 34 includes.
  • each of the pole elements 34 comprises a base web 36, from which three pole fingers 38, which are aligned parallel to one another, 40 and 42 extend, each between two pole fingers 38 and 40 and 40 and 42, a pole groove 44 and 46, so that the pole element has an overall E-like shape, which can also be referred to as double-C, wherein each form the pole fingers 38 and 40 with the base web 36 and the pole fingers 40 and 42 with the base web 36 in a C-shape.
  • stator winding In the pole grooves 44 and 46, namely in a rear groove section 48 or 50 of the pole groove 44 or 46, which extends from a groove bottom 52 or 54, there is one as a whole in each of the pole grooves 44 and 46 designated 56 and 58 stator winding.
  • Each of the stator windings 56 and 58 runs coaxially to the axis 14 on a ring lying perpendicular to the axis 14, but at different distances from the axis 14.
  • the rotor 12 engages with its magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76, respectively, in order to permit a closed magnetic field line course 78 or 80 respectively in the magnetic circuit element 74 or 76 standing in the front groove section 64 or 66, the magnetic field line course 78 passing through the base web 36 and the pole fingers 38 and 40 and the magnetic circuit element 74 and the air gaps between this and the pole fingers 38 and 40, while the Magnetic field line course 80 runs through the base web 36 and the pole fingers 40 and 42, the magnetic circuit element 76 and the air gaps between the latter and the pole fingers 40 and 42.
  • the magnetic field line courses 78 and 80 of the pole elements 34 preferably lie in planes of a set of planes which passes through and is defined by the axis 14.
  • the poles 34 are inserted into a recess 82 in the stator carriers 22, 24, this recess 82 preferably forming an annular groove concentric with the axis 14 is whose inner side wall 84 and outer side wall 86 are each part of a cylindrical surface coaxial with the axis 14 and the bottom 88 of which is formed by an annular surface concentric with the axis 14 and perpendicular to the axis 14.
  • the recess 82 is designed such that the pole elements 34 lie with a substantial part of their base web 36 in the recess 82, sit on the base 88 with a base surface 90 and with their outer sides 92 and 92, which are in outer sides 92 and 94 the pole fingers 38 and 42 pass over, bear against the inner side wall 84 and the outer side wall 86 and are thus positively secured against movement radially to the axis 14 by the recess 82.
  • an inner positioning ring 100 is provided on a radially inner side of the pole elements 34 and an outer positioning ring 102 is provided on a radially outer side of the pole elements 34, each of the positioning rings 100, 102 having projections 104 and 106, respectively engage between mutually facing surfaces 96, 98 of successive pole elements 34 and rest against these surfaces 96, 98 of successive pole elements 34 and thus exactly define the distance between these pole elements.
  • positioning rings 100 and 102 can preferably be fixed to the respective stator carrier 22 or 24 by fastening elements 108 and 110, so that advantageous positioning of the positioning rings 100 and 102 is possible, which is separate from the stator carrier and has a more dimensioned manufacture Projections 104 and 106 relieved. These positioning rings 100 and 102 can thus be retrofitted to the stator carriers 22 and 24 which are produced separately with the recess 82.
  • the pole elements 34 are stabilized relative to one another in the azimuthal direction 112 by base support elements 114 lying in the recess 82 on the one hand, which form the base webs 36 fill the pole elements 34 between opposing surfaces 96 and 98.
  • the base support elements 114 comprise a holding body 116 made of elastic and porous material, for example felt, which is placed in the spaces between the surfaces 96 and 98 in the region of the base webs 36 in the recess 82 and is impregnated with a casting compound 118 which, on the one hand, holds the holding body 116 penetrates and at the same time also penetrates into the spaces between the pole elements 34 and the recess 82, so that after hardening on the one hand the porous and elastic holding body stiffens and on the other hand the pole element 34 likewise with its outer sides 92 and 94 and the base surface 90 is glued into the recess 82.
  • a holding body 116 made of elastic and porous material, for example felt
  • the holding body 116 has the advantage that it absorbs the casting compound 118 and thus also holds it in the uncured state and prevents it from flowing away.
  • finger support elements 120 are provided, which likewise comprise a holding body 122 made of porous and elastic material, for example also felt, which in turn is covered by a sealing compound 124 is stiffened.
  • the holding body 122 has the great advantage that it also holds the casting compound 124 in the uncured state and prevents it from flowing away.
  • the finger support elements 120 preferably sit in the region near the ends 68, 70 and 72 of the pole fingers 38, 40 and 42 and likewise lead to a stiffening between the pole elements 34 in the direction of the azimuthal direction 112.
  • the rotor designated as a whole as 12 includes, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in addition to the rotor shaft 16, a rotor disk 130 which extends radially to the latter and in a plane 132 which is perpendicular to the axis 14.
  • This rotor disk 130 bears in a radially outer one Area, as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, on both sides of the air circulation blades 134 and 136 extending away from the same in the direction of the axis 14, which in turn carry rotor rings 138 and 140 with their ends facing away from the rotor disk 130, from which the magnets originate ⁇ circular elements 74 and 76 also extend in the direction parallel to the axis 14.
  • the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 are seated between teeth 142 formed integrally on the rotor rings 138 and 140, which encompass the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 in a central region 146 on both sides in a form-fitting manner.
  • the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 have radially inner projections 148 and radially outer projections 150, which are connected by a central region 146, which in turn extends and extends transversely to the radial direction from one projection 148 to the other projection 150 transverse to the radial
  • This outer contour having, for example, the shape of a circular cylinder segment.
  • the bulging and narrowing outer contour is encompassed by the teeth 142 on both sides of each magnetic circuit element 74, 76 and thus leads to a positive fixation of the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 both against movement in the radial direction and in the azimuthal direction and additionally against rotation about an axis parallel to axis 14.
  • the teeth 142 and 144 extend from the rotor rings 138 and 140 in the direction parallel to the axis 14 over the same distance as the magnetic circuit elements 74, so that the rotor 12 in the region of the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 continuously runs in a plane around the side circular ring elements has surfaces 160.
  • the teeth 142 and 144 extend in the radial direction only to such an extent that they embrace the central region 146 of the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 in a form-fitting manner, so that the magnetic circuit elements 74, 76 with their radially inner projections 148 project beyond an inner side 164 and with their radially outer projections 150 over an outer side 166.
  • the teeth 142 and 144 are preferably formed in one piece on the rotor rings 138 and 140 and are made of a magnetically nonconductive, but electrically good conductive material, such as aluminum.
  • the pole elements 34 can in principle be made in one piece from sintered material or iron powder.
  • Such a pole element 34 thus represents a laminated core of laminations 180 lying against one another, which are stacked on top of one another in the azimuthal direction 112 and extend parallel to the surfaces 96, 98.
  • These sheets are preferably electric baked enamel sheets, but alternatively it is also conceivable to form these sheets from metallic glasses.
  • the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 are either made in one piece from iron powder or also as laminated cores, which, as shown in FIG. 3, from a stacking direction 182, which runs parallel to the axis 14, form a laminated stack and laminated sheets 184 exist. These sheets are, for example, also electrical baked enamel sheets. Due to the small size of the magnetic circuit elements 74, 76, it is also possible, for example, to use sheets made of metallic glasses as sheets 184.
  • the stator winding 58 is, as illustrated using the example of the pole slot 46, of a slot lining designated as a whole as 190 provided, which has a groove bottom element 192 and two groove side wall elements 194 and 196 rising therefrom, which form a C-shaped lining for the rear groove portion 50 of the pole groove 46, the groove bottom element 192 abutting the groove bottom 54 and the two grooves ⁇ side wall elements 194 and 196 on both side walls 198 and 200 of the respective pole groove 46.
  • the groove bottom element 192 and the groove side wall elements 194 and 196 are designed so that they completely cover the groove bottom 54 and the groove side walls 198 and 200 to an elec ⁇ trical insulation between the stator winding 58 located in the respective pole slot 46.
  • the respective pole groove 46 is provided at an end of the rear groove section 50 facing away from the groove bottom 54 with two mutually opposite recesses 202 and 204, each of these recesses 202, 204 being located in the respective pole finger 40 and 42, respectively, and facing the groove bottom 54 has an inlet wall 206 and facing the front groove section 66 a retaining wall 208, which preferably extends transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to a longitudinal axis 210 of the respective pole groove 46, while the inlet wall 206 preferably also of the longitudinal axis 210 encloses an acute angle, so that the recesses 202, 204 seen from the groove bottom 54 in the direction of the front groove section 66 in the area of the inlet walls 206 increasingly widen as far as the retaining wall 208.
  • the groove side wall elements 194 are each provided in their end regions facing away from the groove bottom 192 with a projection 212 or 214 which is at the same angle to the
  • the longitudinal axis 120 runs like the inlet walls 206 of the recesses 202, 204 and end edges 216, 218 with which the groove side wall elements 196 bear against the retaining wall 208 of the respective recess 202, 204 and thus the groove lining 190 against movement in the direction of the front groove section 66 secure.
  • the groove side wall elements 194, 196 are in the region of their projections 212 and 214, namely on both sides of the end edges 216 and 218, with securing lugs 220 or 222, which overlap the surfaces 96 and 98 of the respective pole element 34 on both sides of the recesses 202, 204 and rest against them.
  • the groove side wall elements 194, 196 are preferably wider in the azimuthal direction 112 than the pole elements 34, so that the groove side wall elements 194 and 196 with their lateral edge regions 224 and 226 over the pole elements 34 and thus also over the groove side walls 198 , 200 exist slightly.
  • the slot lining 190 can be closed with a slot cover 230 which extends between the two recesses 202, 204 and which bears on the projections 212 and 214 with two side edges 232 and 234, these side edges 232, 234n are also beveled in accordance with the inclination of the projections 212, 214 relative to the longitudinal axis 210. Further lies the slot cover 230 with, for example, latching surfaces 238 or 240 formed by its upper side 236 on the holding wall 108 of the respective recess 202 or 204 and is thus likewise secured against movement in the direction of the front slot section 66.
  • the groove cover 230 is preferably formed from a flexible material which can be snapped into the recess 202, 204, so that the groove cover 230 can be inserted into the respective pole groove 46 and into the recesses 202, 204 with the groove lining 190 already inserted in the sense of a snap connection snaps.
  • the groove linings 190 for successive pole elements 34 are preferably punched out contiguously from a straight flat material strip 242, all groove linings 190 of the successive pole elements being connected by a web 244.
  • the web 244 runs in the area of the groove bottom elements 192 of the respective groove linings 190 and connects them to one another.
  • the web 244 is preferably dimensioned such that the groove lining 190 can be bent to a radius of curvature which corresponds to the circular ring on which the groove bottoms of all mutually corresponding pole grooves 46 of the respective pole elements 34 of a stator 30 lie.
  • two groove linings 190a and 190b are provided in the rear groove section 50 of the pole groove 46, each of which is terminated with a groove cover 230a or 230b are.
  • the groove bottom element 192a of the groove lining 190a sits on the bottom 54
  • the groove bottom element 192b sits on the upper side 236a of the groove cover 230a.
  • the slot lining 290a receives only a partial winding 58a of the stator winding 58 and the slot lining 190b a partial winding 58b of the stator winding 58.
  • the slot cover 230a forms a spacer between the two partial windings 58a and 58b, so that when the slot cover 230a extends in the azimuthal direction 112 only over the width of the respective pole element 34, in the spaces between two successive pole elements 34 forms an air gap between the partial windings 58a and 58b, which in the area between the pole elements forms a between the two partial windings 58a and 58b permitting flow of a cooling medium.
  • the groove lining 190 ' only comprises two flat groove side wall elements 194' and 196 'which are connected to one another by a groove bottom element 192'.
  • the groove side wall elements 194 'and 196' and the groove bottom element 192 ' are provided on the outside with an adhesive layer 252, preferably a hot melt adhesive layer, so that after inserting the groove lining 190' into the pole groove 46 and heating both of them through the Hot melt adhesive layer 252 glue the groove side wall elements 194 'and 196' to the groove side walls 198 and 200, respectively, and the groove bottom element 192 'glued to the groove bottom 54.
  • the groove lining 190 ' is also provided on its inside with an adhesive layer 252, preferably a hot-melt adhesive layer, with which a connection is established between the stator winding 58 inserted into the groove lining 190' and the groove lining 190 '.
  • stator winding 58 is connected to the slot liner 190 'due to the adhesive layer 252, and the slot liner 190' is connected to the respective pole element 34 via the adhesive layer 252, so that the stator winding 58 is already fixed in the pole slot 46 against displacement thereof Direction of the front groove section 66 is reached.
  • a slot cover which can be snapped into recesses 202, 204 of the pole slot 46 in the same way as the slot cover 230.
  • All of the exemplary embodiments have in common that the respective slot lining 190 is made of a thin paper-like flat material, for example the material Nomex, in order to ensure good heat transfer between the stator winding and the pole elements.
  • the pole grooves 44, 46 in the region of the rear groove sections 48, 50 are each divided by a spacer finger 260, 262 which, starting from the groove bottom 52, 54, is centered between the respective Pole fingers 38, 40 and 40, 42 extends.
  • the respective stator winding 56 or 58 is divided into partial windings 56a and 56b or 58a and 58b by this spacer finger 260, 262.
  • the slot insulation 190 "for the respective pole slot 44 or 46 consists of two partial slot insulations 190a and 190b which can be inserted into the rear partial slot sections 48a or 48b or 50a or 50b.
  • the partial groove linings 190a and 190b are approximately mirror-symmetrical to one another, taking into account a changing diameter.
  • Each of the partial groove linings 190a, 190b comprises a groove side wall element 196a or 196b which can be placed on the respective groove side wall, a partial groove bottom element 192a, b which can be placed on a partial groove floor 52a or 52b or 54a or 54b and the respective groove ⁇ side wall element 196a, 196b opposite a distance finger element 264a or 246b, which can be placed on a respective distance finger side 266a or 266b or 268a or 268b, covers this up to the respective distance finger tip 270 or 272 and additionally on the opposite one overlying distance finger side 266b or 266a or 268b or 268a with an end region 274a or 274b.
  • the individual partial groove linings 190a, b are preferably also connected to one another by the web 244, the web 244 connecting the partial groove bottom elements 192a, b to one another.
  • the groove side wall elements 196a, 196b are provided with the projections 214 in the same way as in the first embodiment and lie with their end edges 218 in recesses 202, 204 which are formed in the pole elements 34 in the same way as in the first embodiment .
  • rear groove sections 48 and 50 are also each closed with groove covers 230, which can be snapped into the recesses 202 and 204 in the same way as in the first exemplary embodiment.
  • stator winding is preferably produced as a coil wound from copper wire, which is either inserted into the groove linings 190 of all pole elements 34 and then drizzled with trickling resin, or pre-wound and baked from copper wire coated with baking lacquer and then into the groove linings 190 of all pole elements 34 is inserted.
  • the web 244 furthermore secures the groove base elements 192 in the azimuthal direction, since all the groove base elements are supported against one another via the web 244.
  • the axis of a rotor shaft (not shown) of a rotor of an electrical machine according to the invention is identified by "W" in FIG. 12.
  • a total of 64 pole elements 310 are provided radially to the axis W of a rotor shaft.
  • Each pole piece 310 consists of a plurality of electro-baked enamel sheets arranged one on top of the other and has the following shape: a central pole section 310m, from which - in the direction of the axis W - three pole fingers 310f run on both sides, which are between them correspondingly form two pole grooves 310n.
  • the side view shows a configuration of a double "E" along an imaginary axis of symmetry radially to the axis "W" through the central pole section 310m.
  • the respective middle pole sections 310 sit on the inside on an abutment 310w which runs concentrically to the axis W of the shaft.
  • the pole elements 310 are arranged symmetrically about the shaft axis W and are held on the outside by tension rings 310s.
  • the clamping rings (shrink rings) 310s' arranged on the free ends of the outer pole fingers 310f are formed with a plurality of grooves running in the direction of the axis W. , which are used to guide cooling air, as will be described below.
  • Insulating bodies 312 are located in the pole grooves 310n, the basic structure of which is shown in FIGS. 13, 14.
  • FIG. 13 shows a partial segment of a groove lining or an insulating body 312, which has an annular, continuous central region 312m, from which sections 312a, 312i extend radially outwards and inwards, which by 90 ° before insertion into the corresponding pole groove 10n be bent up.
  • the sections 312a, 312i are formed at their free ends with outwardly projecting latching lugs 312r which, as shown in FIG. 14, snap into corresponding slot-like receptacles 310a of the pole fingers 310f.
  • each pole groove 310n i.e. both the inner and the outer pole groove
  • two excitation coils 314i, 314a are arranged one above the other and opposite the pole fingers 310f and the middle pole section 310m are insulated by the described insulating body 312 and from one another by insulating spacers 316 which have an annular shape and are likewise latched in the slot-shaped recesses 310a of the pole fingers 310f.
  • the electrical connection elements for the excitation coils 314i, 314a extend outward between the spaced pole fingers 310f, as indicated in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 14 shows that the excitation coils 314i, 314a only extend over part of the height of the pole grooves 310n.
  • the remaining section of the pole grooves 310n is - as shown in FIG. 12 - filled by rotor sheet metal rings 316i, 316a, which are arranged on a carrier disk 318, which here consists of aluminum and is connected via plastic carriers 318k.
  • the rotor plate rings 316i, 316a are each formed on their inner and outer circumferential surfaces with groove-like depressions, in correspondence with the distribution of the pole fingers 310f, so that the rotor plate rings 316i, 316a fit precisely in the area not filled by the excitation coils 314i, 314a of the pole grooves 310n can be used.
  • the rotor can also be formed from other materials without further ado.
  • the carrier disk 318 is seated on the shaft and is enclosed overall by a housing 320, which is not described in any more detail here.
  • the middle pole sections 310m and the pole fingers 310f of the pole pieces are cast with a two-component epoxy resin, just like the excitation coil 314i, 314a within the pole grooves 310n.
  • the groove formation or the insulating body 312 consists, for example, of hard paper.
  • the pole elements 310 are formed from soft iron sheets, while the excitation coils 314i, 314a are coils wound from copper wire.
  • the rotor shaft (not shown) is made of steel, as are the tension rings (shrink rings) 310, 310s.
  • the machine shown in the figures is designed as a surface-cooled machine. For this purpose, it is necessary to conduct the heat loss generated in the machine to the machine surface and from there to the environment. The heat is transported in the machine through heat conduction and forced convection of the machine air.
  • the structural arrangement of the potting elements between the stator iron elements, i.e. in particular the pole elements 310 is selected so that heat can be dissipated via the encapsulation element shrink ring 310s-housing 312, but also by forced convection (air circulation). So that a forced, sufficiently turbulent flow can be generated in the machine, fan blades 322 are attached to the rotor disks 318.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

Une machine électrique comprend un rotor rotatif autour d'un axe et un stator pourvu d'un jeu de plusieurs éléments polaires en C répartis autour de l'axe et situés à une même distance angulaire les uns des autres. Chaque élément polaire forme avec une branche de base et avec deux doigts polaires qui font saillie sur celle-ci une rainure polaire dans laquelle est situé un enroulement de stator. Afin d'améliorer une telle machine électrique, de sorte qu'avec une construction aussi simple que possible on obtienne un fonctionnement suffisamment fiable de la machine électrique, la rainure polaire est pourvue d'un revêtement situé entre l'enroulement du stator et chaque élément polaire. Le revêtement de la rainure consiste en un matériau plat électro-isolant situé entre l'enroulement du stator et l'élément polaire.
EP93917598A 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique Withdrawn EP0604646A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4223831 1992-07-20
DE4223831A DE4223831A1 (de) 1992-07-20 1992-07-20 Elektrisch erregte Transversalfluß-Maschine
PCT/EP1993/001913 WO1994002986A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0604646A1 true EP0604646A1 (fr) 1994-07-06

Family

ID=6463636

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93915960A Withdrawn EP0604627A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique
EP93915959A Withdrawn EP0609410A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique
EP93917598A Withdrawn EP0604646A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93915960A Withdrawn EP0604627A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique
EP93915959A Withdrawn EP0609410A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (3) EP0604627A1 (fr)
JP (3) JPH06511378A (fr)
KR (1) KR940702660A (fr)
DE (1) DE4223831A1 (fr)
WO (3) WO1994002986A1 (fr)

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FR2716046A1 (fr) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-11 Centre Nat Rech Scient Machine électrique tournante à bobinage global.
CN1062388C (zh) * 1994-12-21 2001-02-21 沃尔夫冈·希尔 横向磁通机
DE19639670C2 (de) * 1996-09-27 1999-09-02 Voith Turbo Kg Transversalflußmaschine mit einer Mehrzahl von parallel geschalteten Ringwicklungen
DE10361670B4 (de) * 2003-12-30 2009-08-06 Mitsubishi Denki K.K. Stator einer rotierenden elektrischen Maschine
US8595915B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2013-12-03 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Stator of electric rotating machine
JP6007580B2 (ja) * 2012-05-11 2016-10-12 コベルコ建機株式会社 建設機械の駆動装置
DE102013207469A1 (de) * 2013-04-24 2014-11-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Statorwicklung für axial kurze elektrische Maschinen kleiner Polzahl
DE102019134652B4 (de) 2019-12-17 2023-07-13 Audi Ag Transversalflussmaschine sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Transversalflussmaschine

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1994002984A1 (fr) 1994-02-03
KR940702660A (ko) 1994-08-20
EP0609410A1 (fr) 1994-08-10
EP0604627A1 (fr) 1994-07-06
DE4223831A1 (de) 1994-02-03
JPH06511376A (ja) 1994-12-15
JPH06511378A (ja) 1994-12-15
WO1994002985A1 (fr) 1994-02-03
WO1994002986A1 (fr) 1994-02-03
JPH06511377A (ja) 1994-12-15

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