WO1994002985A1 - Machine electrique - Google Patents

Machine electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994002985A1
WO1994002985A1 PCT/EP1993/001912 EP9301912W WO9402985A1 WO 1994002985 A1 WO1994002985 A1 WO 1994002985A1 EP 9301912 W EP9301912 W EP 9301912W WO 9402985 A1 WO9402985 A1 WO 9402985A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical machine
machine according
elements
pole
magnetic circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1993/001912
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Hillmann
Wolf-Rüdiger Canders
Harald Klein
Heinz Von Sothen
Eduard Wiegandt
Original Assignee
Piller Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Piller Gmbh filed Critical Piller Gmbh
Priority to JP6504152A priority Critical patent/JPH06511377A/ja
Priority to EP93915960A priority patent/EP0604627A1/fr
Publication of WO1994002985A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994002985A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/223—Heat bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/22—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors consisting of hollow conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H02K3/345—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/227—Heat sinks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine, comprising a rotor rotating about an axis and a stator, which comprises a set with a plurality of C-shaped pole elements arranged at equal angular intervals around the axis, each of which has a base web and two of these protruding pole fingers encompasses a stator winding and generates a magnetic field line course which is aligned approximately parallel to a plane of a plane family passing through the axis.
  • Such electrical machines are known for example from DE-OS 35 36 538 or DE-QS 39 27 454.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating an electrical machine of the generic type which can be produced inexpensively with a sufficiently stable construction.
  • pole elements in the electrical machine according to the invention are preferably arranged with gaps to one another, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the pole elements are fixed to one another in the azimuthal direction by base support elements lying between the base webs of the pole elements.
  • base support elements lying between the base webs of the pole elements.
  • the provision of such basic support elements has the great advantage that the pole elements can be stiffened with one another in the azimuthal direction.
  • the pole elements are arranged by fingers arranged between successive pole fingers support elements are supported against each other, the finger support elements in particular being arranged in the region of a front end of the pole fingers facing away from the base web.
  • the pole elements are also supported in the azimuthal direction relative to one another, so that the pole elements together with the finger support elements form a unit that is stable in itself in the azimuthal direction.
  • base support elements and / or finger support elements has a particularly advantageous effect on the anchoring of the pole elements in the stator carrier, since this anchoring only has to absorb part of the forces acting on the pole elements, since the other part by the base support elements and / or Finger support elements is intercepted.
  • the fixing of the pole elements in the recess by means of the adhesive is sufficient for a stable construction of the electrical machine according to the invention.
  • each support element comprises a hardened casting compound.
  • the support elements are therefore made from a casting compound alone.
  • a casting compound is, for example, a polymer compound, such as polymer concrete, or a resin, such as casting resin or trickling resin.
  • the casting compound can also be, for example, a metal alloy, preferably a low-melting metal alloy, for example a bismuth alloy, which is introduced into the interspaces between the individual pole elements.
  • each supporting element has an interposed space between the pole elements and is penetrated by the potting compound in the flowable state Has holding body.
  • Such a holding body offers the advantage that the potting compound is received and held by the holding body in the flowable state, that is to say it is prevented from continuing to flow.
  • the holding body is preferably porous. It is also advantageous if the holding body is elastic and can therefore be fitted exactly into the spaces between the pole elements.
  • the holding body to be made of fiber material, in particular of felt.
  • the holding body is preferably stiffened with a casting resin or a trickling resin as a potting compound.
  • the support elements it is also advantageous if they are positively secured against movement in the radial direction on the pole elements. This can be achieved, for example, by a projection formed from the casting compound, which engages in a recess in the pole elements.
  • An advantageous type of recess provides that it has two side walls which extend in the azimuthal direction to the axis and face one another, between which is the potting compound. Such a type of recess makes it easier, on the one hand, to introduce the potting compound and, on the other hand, stabilize the potting compound.
  • the pole elements sit between the side walls of the recess and are fixed by them against movement transverse to the azimuthal direction.
  • This type of formation of the recess creates additional stiffening and advantageous support of the pole elements against forces acting in the radial direction of the axis, so that these forces do not have to be absorbed by the support elements, for example.
  • the recess could in principle be defined by the two side walls. However, it is even more advantageous if the recess has a bottom which extends between the side walls and which also serves to accommodate the casting compound between itself and the side walls.
  • a particularly stable version of the solution according to the invention provides that the pole elements sit with their base web on the floor, so that the floor forms an additional support against forces acting in the axial direction and additionally a support against tilting forces when the pole elements with their base webs lie fully on the floor.
  • pole elements are embedded with their base web in the potting compound which essentially fills the recess. This ensures a particularly rigid fixation of the pole elements in the stator carrier.
  • pole element In order to fix the pole elements aligned in the stator carrier in precisely defined positions, in particular precisely defined angular distances, and in particular to keep them in the positions provided for them, it is provided in addition or as an alternative to the previously described exemplary embodiments that the pole element is positioned rings are held aligned on the stator carrier at equal angular intervals.
  • Such positioning rings can be parts of the stator carrier on the one hand. However, it is particularly advantageous if the positioning rings can be mounted on the stator carrier, so that the positioning rings can be manufactured independently of the stator carrier and the recess in the stator carrier and these are subsequently mounted on the stator carrier.
  • a clear alignment of the pole elements by means of the positioning rings can in particular advantageously be achieved in that the positioning rings of each pole element Fix in the azimuthal direction between two projections.
  • the positioning rings have a particularly useful effect if they are arranged on opposite sides of the recess.
  • pole fingers With regard to the alignment and design of the pole fingers, no further details have been given in connection with the previous explanation of individual advantageous exemplary embodiments. For example, in the context of the solution according to the invention it is conceivable to arrange the pole fingers in accordance with the teaching of DE-OS 35 36 538 or DE-OS 39 27 454. However, it is even more advantageous if the pole fingers extend approximately parallel to the axis.
  • a solution which is favorable in terms of assembly and later stability provides that the pole elements are inserted into the recess in the direction parallel to the axis.
  • the bottom of the recess lies in one plane, the plane extending in particular transversely to the axis.
  • stator carrier extends in the radial direction to the axis and has the recess.
  • the stator carrier is expediently designed in such a way that it forms a bearing plate for mounting the rotor, so that, in turn, a defined orientation of the pole elements relative to the rotor is ensured, which is in particular less sensitive to deformation and ensures high rigidity , so that on the other hand an air gap between the rotor and the pole elements can be kept relatively small.
  • the end shields forming the stator carrier are part of a housing and are in particular stabilized relative to one another by a housing shell extending between the end shields. This is in addition to the stable and rigid arrangement of the pole elements At the same time, a housing for the electrical machine according to the invention has been created, so that this solution offers particular advantages in terms of cost-effective manufacture.
  • An advantageous exemplary embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention provides that in each case a set of pole elements is arranged on opposing stator carriers and in particular that the pole fingers are directed towards one another.
  • pole elements are E-shaped, so that one set of E-shaped pole elements comprises two sets of C-shaped pole elements.
  • pole elements are constructed from laminated cores, the laminated cores preferably having laminations stacked in the azimuth direction.
  • the laminated cores are constructed from a predetermined number of uniform sheets, i.e. that each laminated core has the same number of identical sheets.
  • the metal sheets themselves can comprise conventional soft iron material used for electrical machines.
  • pole elements are made from iron powder, i.e. that the entire body of the pole elements is made from iron powder.
  • the pole elements are made of a sintered material.
  • stator carrier is an inherently rigid part which carries the pole elements via a mechanically rigid connection, such as, for example, the casting compound.
  • pole elements are mounted elastically. This is possible, for example, by elastic anchoring of the pole elements on the stator carrier.
  • the recess receiving the pole elements is arranged in a retaining ring and the retaining ring is elastically mounted on a stator stand.
  • a set of pole elements together with the retaining ring rotating around the axis form a unit which is rigid in itself and this unit which is rigid in itself is elastically mounted on the stator stand.
  • the elastic mounting is sufficient to dampen the vibrations occurring in the area of the pole elements and to pass them on to the stator carrier as little as possible.
  • the inherently rigid unit consisting of pole elements and retaining ring has the advantage that the pole elements themselves are fixed with sufficient rigidity and the elastic connection to the stator with the stator carrier does not lead to excessive mobility of the pole elements, which in turn has the disadvantage that that an air gap between the pole elements and the rotor would have to be increased taking into account the mobility of the pole elements.
  • a particularly advantageous fixation of the retaining ring on the stator stand is given if the retaining ring is supported on two opposite sides by elastic elements on the stator stand, so that a sufficiently rigid connection between the retaining ring and the stator stand takes place despite elastic support.
  • a particularly advantageous exemplary embodiment provides that the retaining ring is held elastically between two bearing walls extending in the shape of a cylinder jacket or a cone jacket around the axis.
  • Another expedient embodiment provides that the retaining ring is elastically supported in a bearing recess in the stator stand.
  • rubber rings are provided as elastic elements, which are glued to the retaining ring and the stator carrier or are vulcanized onto corresponding surfaces.
  • Such an arrangement of the magnetic circuit elements of the rotor has the advantage that the magnetic circuit elements act on the rotor with the smallest possible moments transversely to a rotary movement of the rotor.
  • the magnetic circuit elements With regard to the design of the magnetic circuit elements, different variants are also conceivable. For example, it is conceivable to produce the magnetic circuit elements from iron powder or a sintered material or a ferro-ceramic.
  • An advantageous variant provides that the magnetic circuit elements of the rotor are designed in the form of laminated cores.
  • the laminated cores are preferably designed such that they have laminations stacked in the direction of the axis of the rotor.
  • Such sheets are preferably conventional soft iron sheets used in electric motor construction.
  • the magnetic circuit elements could, for example, be formed by a continuous circumferential ring which is closed about the axis of the rotor, in which case a magnetic asymmetry between the successive magnetic circuit elements is created by an enlarged air gap between them.
  • the rotor has a multiplicity of individual magnetic circuit elements which can be penetrated by the magnetic field line profile of the poles, and which follow one another in the azimuthal direction, the number of magnetic circuit elements of a set corresponding in particular to the number of pole elements of the corresponding set.
  • the gap in the azimuthal direction has an extent which is at least half the extent of one of the magnetic circuit elements in the azimuthal direction.
  • Another advantageous exemplary embodiment provides that intermediate pieces are arranged in the gaps between the magnetic circuit elements.
  • the intermediate pieces are made from a stray field shielding material.
  • This is preferably a highly electrically conductive material which suppresses the stray field in the region of the gaps by the formation of eddy currents.
  • the intermediate pieces are advantageously made of a material with high electrical conductivity in order to achieve that through the stray field in the intermediate pieces Eddy currents are achieved with the lowest possible losses, which lead to a desired further damping of the stray field.
  • the intermediate pieces are preferably made of a magnetically non-conductive material in order to achieve the greatest possible fluctuation in the magnetic conductance between the intermediate pieces and the magnetic circuit elements.
  • the intermediate pieces are expediently shaped such that they bear in a form-fitting manner on the magnetic circuit elements and thus fix the magnetic circuit elements in a form-fitting manner on the rotor.
  • the intermediate pieces fix a central area of the magnetic circuit elements in a form-fitting manner and thus the magnetic circuit elements extend beyond the intermediate pieces in a radial direction.
  • a particularly expedient solution provides that the intermediate pieces also fix the magnetic circuit elements positively against rotation about an axis parallel to the axis of the rotor.
  • An advantageous exemplary embodiment provides that the intermediate pieces sit on a rotor body carrying the magnetic circuit elements.
  • the intermediate pieces could in turn be connected to the rotor ring by connecting elements.
  • the intermediate pieces are integrally formed on the rotor body.
  • a particularly good cooling effect of the magnetic circuit elements can be achieved if the intermediate pieces are thermally coupled to the magnetic circuit elements. In the simplest case, this is done by pouring gaps between the intermediate pieces and the magnetic circuit elements, for example with a casting compound.
  • the intermediate pieces extend in the direction of the magnetic circuit elements over the same distance as the magnetic circuit elements.
  • the magnetic circuit elements preferably extend in a direction parallel to the axis of the rotor, so that the intermediate pieces between the magnetic circuit elements also extend in this direction.
  • the rotor encompasses a rotor disk carrying the rotor ring.
  • the rotor disk carries a rotor ring on opposite sides.
  • the primary focus was on how an electrical machine works with a single set of C-shaped pole elements and associated magnetic circuit elements.
  • the electrical machine comprises a plurality of motor units, each with a set of C-shaped pole elements and a set of magnetic circuit elements associated therewith.
  • stator winding to comprise a coil ring which extends around the axis and is arranged coaxially to the latter and around which the C-shaped pole elements each engage.
  • the magnetic circuit elements could, for example, also be permanent magnets. However, magnetic circuit elements that are made of a non-permanently magnetized and magnetically conductive material are particularly advantageous.
  • the stator winding has a current flowing through it with an AC component and a current with a DC component.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the electrical machine according to the invention works as a synchronous motor, in particular as a modified reluctance motor, in which the number of pole elements of a set corresponds to the number of magnetic circuit elements assigned to this set of pole elements and all magnetic circuit elements are attracted to the pole elements or not at the same time get dressed by.
  • Such synchronous machines are used in particular where a high force density per unit volume and low losses are required.
  • Essential features of such transverse flux machines are the design of the winding in the form of ring coils concentric to the shaft and the magnetic circuits arranged transversely around the coil.
  • the magnetic flux is guided in soft iron pole elements which are arranged perpendicular to the direction of movement, the winding with its magnetizing parts running in the longitudinal direction and being divided into two coil parts, one of which is in one a direct current and an alternating current in the other.
  • the magnetic circuits formed by the soft iron pole elements should always include both coil parts. Numerous problems arise in practical implementation, in particular with regard to a compact design with a high force density.
  • the solution according to the invention is based on the consideration of optimizing the pole geometry of the machine in the sense of increasing the force density, based on the machine volume.
  • the invention in its most general embodiment provides an electrically excited transverse flux machine with a movable and a fixed part (rotor; stator) with the following features:
  • the stator has a number of pole elements aligned radially to the shaft of the machine, which are arranged uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, each pole element is designed with at least one pole groove extending in the direction of the axis of the rotor, each pole element, for example , starting from a central pole section, in the direction of two end-side bearing plates of the machine is formed in mirror image, in the pole groove runs at least one excitation coil arranged concentrically to the shaft, the rotor guided on roller bearings comprises at least one, in particular two carrier disks, each with ⁇ because at least one rotor ring running concentrically to the shaft is fitted, which engages in the corresponding pole groove in the stator.
  • This structure enables the arrangement of the soft iron pole elements in a uniform distribution and radial alignment in a very small space, and the corresponding design of the rotor rings enables a high force density with a small mass.
  • the pole elements starting from the central pole section, are each formed with three pole fingers on each side (mirror image), with simultaneous formation of two pole grooves each concentric to the axis Page.
  • the individual pole piece thus has the shape of a double "E", the two "E” being arranged in mirror image to one another.
  • the excitation coils can be coils wound from copper wire.
  • one embodiment of the invention provides for the insulation between the excitation coils and the pole faces of the corresponding pole fingers to be formed by U-shaped insulating bodies or groove linings that are open in the direction of the end shields.
  • the individual insulating pieces or groove designs can preferably be discrete components, but this requires a corresponding outlay on equipment.
  • the base sections of the U-shaped bent-up insulating bodies should therefore be integrally connected to one another between adjacent pole elements.
  • the insulating body can be a stamped insulating paper, which then has a central, annular, closed base, from which radially outward and inward leg sections run which are later bent up.
  • such an insulating body can be used in one work step.
  • a further development provides for the free ends of the U-legs of each insulating body section to be cranked outwards, the cranked section then can snap into corresponding slots on the surfaces of the pole fingers. In this way, an anti-rotation lock is achieved at the same time.
  • the excitation coils are covered on the top by insulating pieces attached to the pole fingers.
  • the slots for the insulating bodies can also be used to fix insulating pieces which are placed on the top of the excitation coils, in particular if the excitation coil is made in several parts per pole slot, so that the individual partial windings are separated from one another by the insulating pieces mentioned.
  • the electrical connection elements of the windings can be brought out radially between the pole pieces.
  • the pole elements are preferably made of soft iron and are each formed, for example, from a large number of laminated sheets. Electrical baked enamel sheets have proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • a shrink ring For the assembly of the individual pole elements (which - viewed in the direction of the axis of the rotor - corresponds approximately to the minute division of a clock), the application of a shrink ring has proven to be advantageous.
  • a corresponding inner ring can prevent the deformation of the pole elements.
  • a shrink ring which then preferably runs on the peripheral surface of the central pole sections, is sufficient for the assembly.
  • the pole fingers projecting on both sides can also be surrounded on the circumference by their own shrink rings.
  • Such shrink rings can be expanded, for example, by inductive heating and then applied in a stationary manner by cooling to the peripheral surface.
  • the shrink rings can be formed simultaneously with cooling fins or grooves for the passage of cooling air.
  • the rotor rings are formed on the circumference with corresponding groove-like depressions in accordance with the positioning of the pole pieces.
  • At least one excitation coil is located in each of the pole slots.
  • each pole slot is divided into two partial coils arranged one above the other (viewed in the direction of the axis).
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an electrical machine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sector-by-section representation of a plan view in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1, with the right stator broken away at the top left and additionally the rotor broken away at the top right;
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged, fragmentary, plan view of a pole element in a view similar to FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 shows an enlarged illustration of a plan view of a plurality of pole elements in the direction of arrow B in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged illustration of a pole element similar to FIG. 3 with support elements
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross section through a rotor in a view similar to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial illustration of the rotor along line VIII-VIII in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary illustration of a plan view of the rotor in the direction of arrow D in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 shows an enlarged detail, illustration of a second exemplary embodiment in a view similar to FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 11 shows a partial section through a third exemplary embodiment of a machine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 12 shows a plan view of a partial segment of an insulating body for use in the machine according to FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view of an inner surface of a rotor of the machine according to FIG. 11.
  • a first exemplary embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention comprises, as shown in FIG. 1, a housing 10 in which a rotor 12 is mounted so as to rotate about an axis 14.
  • the rotor 12 has a rotor shaft 16, which is arranged in two rotor bearings 18 and 20 arranged at a distance from one another in a front Bearing plate 22 or a rear bearing plate 24 of the housing 10 is mounted.
  • the front end plates 22 and 24 carry a housing jacket 26 which extends between the end plates 22 and 24 and closes an interior 28 of the housing together with the end plates 22 and 24 to the outside.
  • the end shields 22 and 24 simultaneously represent stator carriers for two stators 30 and 32, each of which, as shown in particular in FIG. 2, a set with a plurality of circumferentially around the axis 14 at equal angular distances and equal radial distances from the Axis 14 arranged pole elements 34 includes.
  • each of the pole elements 34 comprises a base web 36, from which three pole fingers 38, 40 and 42 extend parallel to one another, with a pole groove between each of two pole fingers 38 and 40 and 40 and 42 44 or 46 lies, so that overall the pole element has an E-like shape, which can also be referred to as double-C, the pole fingers 38 and 40 with the base web 36 and the pole fingers 40 and 42 with the base web 36 form a C-shape.
  • stator winding In the pole grooves 44 and 46, namely in a rear groove section 48 or 50 of the pole groove 44 or 46, which extends from a groove bottom 52 or 54, there is one as a whole in each of the pole grooves 44 and 46 designated 56 and 58 stator winding.
  • Each of the stator windings 56 and 58 runs coaxially to the axis 14 on an annular path perpendicular to the axis 14, but at a different distance from the axis 14.
  • the two stator windings 56 and 58 are further divided into two partial windings 56a and b and 58a and b, the two partial windings 56a, b and 58a, b being separated from one another by a spacer finger 60 and 62, respectively are.
  • the spacer fingers 60 and 62 are integrally formed on the base web 36 of the pole element 34 and rise approximately centrally from the respective groove bottom 52 and 54, respectively.
  • Runner 12 with its magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76, respectively, in order to permit a closed magnetic field line profile 78 or 80 respectively in the magnetic circuit element 74 or 76 standing in the front groove section 64 or 66, the magnetic field line profile 78 through the base web 36 as well as the pole fingers 38 and 40 and the magnetic circuit element 74 and the air gaps between the latter and the pole fingers 38 and 40, while the magnetic field line course 80 runs through the base web 36 and the pole fingers 40 and 42, the magnetic circuit element 76 and the air gaps between the latter and the pole fingers 40 and 42 passes through.
  • the magnetic field line courses 78 and 80 of the pole elements 34 preferably lie in planes of a set of planes which passes through and is defined by the axis 14.
  • the pole elements 34 are inserted into a recess 82 in the stator carriers 22, 24, this recess 82 preferably being formed as an annular groove concentric with the axis 14 , whose inner side wall 84 and outer side wall 86 are each part of a cylindrical surface coaxial with the axis 14 and whose bottom 88 is formed by an annular surface concentric with the axis 14, which is perpendicular to the axis 14.
  • the recess 82 is designed such that the pole elements 34 lie with a substantial part of their base web 36 in the recess 82, sit on the base 88 with a base surface 90 and with their outer sides 92 and 94, which are in outer sides 92 and 94 the pole fingers 38 and 42 pass over, bear against the inner side wall 84 and the outer side wall 86 and are thus positively secured against movement radially to the axis 14 by the recess 82.
  • an inner positioning ring 100 is provided on a radially inner side of the pole elements 34 and an outer positioning ring 102 is provided on a radially outer side of the pole elements 34, each of the positioning rings 100, 102 having projections 104 and 106, respectively , Which engage between mutually facing surfaces 96, 98 of successive pole elements 34 and rest on these surfaces 96, 98 of successive pole elements 34 and thus exactly define the distance between these pole elements.
  • positioning rings 100 and 102 can preferably be fixed to the respective stator carrier 22 or 24 by fastening elements 108 and 110, so that advantageous positioning of the positioning rings 100 and 102 is possible, which is separate from the stator carrier and has a more dimensioned manufacture Projections 104 and 106 relieved. These positioning rings 100 and 102 can thus be retrofitted to the stator carriers 22 and 24 which are produced separately with the recess 82.
  • the pole elements 34 are stabilized relative to one another in the azimuthal direction 112 by base support elements 114 lying in the recess 82 on the one hand, which base bases 36 of the pole elements 34 lie opposite one another Fill in surfaces 96 and 98.
  • the base support elements 114 are formed by a potting compound which fills the recess 82 and, after they have hardened, forms the base support elements lying between the surfaces 96 and 98 of the pole elements 34 in the region of the base webs 36.
  • the potting compound causes the areas of the base webs 36 lying in the recess 82 to be glued on all sides to the side walls 84 and 86 and the bottom 88 thereof.
  • a holding body 116 made of elastic and porous material, for example felt, which in the spaces between the surfaces 96 and 98 in the region of the base webs 36 into the recess 82 is inserted and impregnated with a sealing compound 118, which on the one hand passes through the holding body 116 and at the same time also penetrates into the spaces between the pole elements 34 and the recess 82, so that after hardening the porous and elastic holding body stiffens on the one hand and on the other hand the pole element 34 is also glued into the recess 82 with its outer sides 92 and 94 and the base surface 90.
  • a sealing compound 118 which on the one hand passes through the holding body 116 and at the same time also penetrates into the spaces between the pole elements 34 and the recess 82, so that after hardening the porous and elastic holding body stiffens on the one hand and on the other hand the pole element 34 is also glued into the recess 82 with its outer sides 92 and 94 and the base surface 90.
  • the holding body 116 has the advantage that it absorbs the casting compound 118 and thus also holds it in the uncured state and prevents it from flowing away.
  • finger support elements 120 are provided, which likewise comprise a holding body 122 made of porous and elastic material, for example also felt, which in turn is stiffened by a sealing compound 124 .
  • the holding body 122 has the great advantage that it also keeps the potting compound 124 in the uncured state and prevents it from flowing away.
  • the finger support elements 120 preferably sit in the region near the ends 68, 70 and 72 of the pole fingers 38, 40 and 42 and likewise lead to a stiffening between the pole elements 34 in the direction of the azimuthal direction 112.
  • the finger support elements 120 engage in recesses 117 in the pole elements 34 with projections 119, the projections 119 passing through the casting compound 124, which emerges from the holding body 122 in the region of the recesses 117 , form the.
  • the rotor designated as a whole as 12 includes, as shown in FIG. 7, in addition to the rotor shaft 16, a rotor disk 130 extending radially to the latter and in a plane 132 perpendicular to the axis 14.
  • This rotor disk carries in a radially outer region 7 and 8, on both sides of the air circulation blades 134 and 136 extending away from the same in the direction of the axis 14, which in turn carry rotor rings 138 and 140, respectively, with their ends facing away from the rotor disk 130, from which the magnets circular elements 74 and 76 also extend in the direction parallel to the axis 14.
  • the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 sit between teeth 142 and 144 which are integrally formed on the rotor rings 138 and 140 and which encompass the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 in a central region 146 in a form-fitting manner on both sides.
  • the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 have radially inner projections 148 and radially outer projections 150, which pass through a central region 146 are connected, which in turn has an outer contour 152 which extends transversely to the radial direction from one projection 148 to the other projection 150 and bulges and narrows transversely to the radial direction, this outer contour 152 having, for example, the shape of a circular cylinder segment.
  • the bulging and narrowing outer contour 152 is encompassed by the teeth 142 on both sides of each magnetic circuit element 74, 76 and thus leads to a positive fixation of the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 both against movement in the radial direction and in the azimuthal direction and additionally against rotation about an axis parallel to axis 14.
  • Magnetic circuit elements 74, 76 are preferably provided with central regions 146 of holes 154 penetrating them and extending parallel to axis 14, through which fastening screws 156 pass, which in turn are screwed into rotor rings 138 and 140, so that screws 156 the magnetic circuit elements 74, 76 bear against the rotor rings 138 and 140 and hold them fixed between the teeth 142, 144 against movement in the direction parallel to the axis 14.
  • the teeth 142 and 144 extend from the rotor rings 138 and 140 in the direction parallel to the axis 14 over the same distance as the magnetic circuit elements 74, so that the rotor 12 in the region of the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 continuously runs in a plane around the side circular ring elements faces 160 and 162.
  • the teeth 142 and 144 extend in the radial direction only to such an extent that they engage positively around the central region 146 of the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76, so that the magnetic circuit elements 74, 76 with their radially inner projections 148 project beyond an inner side 164 and with their radially outer projections 150 over an outer side 166.
  • the teeth 142 and 144 are preferably formed in one piece on the rotor rings 138 and 140 and are made of a magnetically nonconductive, but electrically good conductive material, such as aluminum.
  • gaps 168 which form between the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 and the teeth 142 and 144 are cast with an impregnating resin in order to obtain a thermally optimal coupling between the teeth 142, 144 and the magnetic circuit elements 74, 76.
  • all the pole elements 34 with their pole fingers 38 and 40 and the part of the base web 36 connecting them form a set of C-shaped pole elements which is arranged around the axis 14.
  • All magnetic circuit elements 74 interact with this set of C-shaped pole elements, the number of magnetic circuit elements 74 corresponding to the number of C-shaped pole elements. For example, 64 C-shaped pole elements and 64 magnetic circuit elements 74 are provided.
  • pole fingers 40 and 42 together with the corresponding section of the base web 36 form a set of C-shaped pole elements arranged around the axis 14 and with the stator winding 58 and the magnetic circuit elements 76 a further motor unit 172, which in the same Way works like motor unit 170.
  • the magnetic circuit elements' 76 are compared with the magnetic circuit members 74, as is apparent in particular from Fig. 2, offset at an angle distance from each other arranged an ⁇ which is selected so that the magnetic circuit elements 74 then elements exactly in their associated C-shaped pole stand when the magnetic circuit elements 76 stand exactly in the middle between the C-shaped poles associated therewith.
  • the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 which protrude from the rotor 12 on the opposite side thereof, also form motor units 174, 176 with parts of the pole elements 34 of the stator 32, so that the electrical machine according to the invention has a total of four motor units 170, 172 , 174, 176, which all work out of phase with one another and form a sequence 170, 174, 172, 176 in which each of the motor units is opposite the other has a phase shift of 2TT / 4. This achieves an extremely uniform concentricity of the electrical machine according to the invention with low losses at the same time (FIG. 1).
  • the pole elements 34 can in principle be made in one piece from sintered material or iron powder.
  • a particularly advantageous construction of the pole elements 34 from individual sheets 180, which are insulated from one another and run parallel to the surfaces 96, 98. These sheets are particularly E-shaped. For example, these individual sheets are lacquered electrical baking sheets.
  • Such a pole element 34 thus represents a laminated core of laminations 180 lying against one another, which are stacked on top of one another in the azimuthal direction 112 and extend parallel to the surfaces 96, 98.
  • These sheets are preferably electric baked enamel sheets, but alternatively it is also conceivable to form these sheets from metallic glasses.
  • the magnetic circuit elements 74 and 76 are either made in one piece from iron powder or likewise as laminated cores, which, as shown in FIG 184 exist. These sheets are, for example, also electrical baked enamel sheets. Due to the small size of the magnetic circuit elements 74, 76, it is also possible, for example, to use sheets made of metallic glasses as sheets 184.
  • the recess 82 is not arranged in the respective end shield 22, 24, as shown in FIG. 1, but the recess 82 lies in a retaining ring 190, which in turn is concentric with the Axis 14 extends around it and is supported in a bearing recess 192 in a stator stand of the respective end shield 22 or 24.
  • the bearing recess 192 comprises an inner bearing wall 194 and outer bearing wall 196, both of which preferably have a cylindrical shape with respect to the axis 14.
  • the retaining ring 190 is arranged such that an inner outer wall 198 and an outer outer wall 200 extend at a distance from the respective bearing wall 194 and 196, respectively.
  • An intermediate space located between the respective bearing wall 194 or 196 and the respectively opposite outer wall 198 or 200 is filled by an elastic intermediate layer 202 or 204, which is on the one hand on the bearing wall 194 or 196 and on the other hand on the respective outer wall 198 or 200 supports, holds the retaining ring 190 and is aligned so that the pole fingers 38, 40, 42 each extend parallel to the axis 14.
  • an intermediate space 210 through which a cooling medium flows, is preferably provided between a recess bottom 206 of the bearing recess 192 and a rear side 208 of the retaining ring 190.
  • the space 210 is expediently divided by partitions 212, so that a defined space 210 is formed in this space Management of a cooling medium is possible.
  • the intermediate walls 212 rise from the recess base 206 and extend to the rear side 208, the rear side 208 standing at a short distance from these intermediate walls 212 or an elastic material which the intermediate spaces 210 is arranged between the rear side 208 and the intermediate walls 212 seals against each other.
  • the intermediate layers 202 and 204 are preferably made of glued-in or vulcanized-in rubber rings, wherein, for example, either one or more O-rings are used as rubber rings.
  • identical or equivalent components are identified with the same reference numerals.
  • W denotes the axis of a rotor shaft (not shown) of a rotor of an electrical machine according to the invention.
  • a total of 64 pole elements 310 are provided radially to the axis W of a rotor shaft.
  • Each pole piece 310 consists of a plurality of electro-baked enamel sheets arranged one on top of the other and has the following shape: a central pole section 310m, from which - in the direction of the axis W - three pole fingers 310f run on both sides, which are between them correspondingly form two pole grooves 310n.
  • the side view shows a configuration of a double "E" along an imaginary axis of symmetry radially to the axis "W" through the central pole section 310m.
  • the respective middle pole sections 310 sit on the inside on an abutment 310w which runs concentrically to the axis W of the shaft.
  • the pole elements 310 are arranged symmetrically about the shaft axis W and are held on the outside by tension rings 310s.
  • the clamping rings (shrink rings) 310s' arranged on the free ends of the outer pole fingers 310f are formed with a plurality of grooves running in the direction of the axis W. , which are used to guide cooling air, as will be described below.
  • Insulating bodies 312 are located in the pole grooves 310n, the basic structure of which is shown in FIGS. 12, 13.
  • FIG. 12 shows a partial segment of a groove lining or an insulating body 312, which has an annular, continuous central region 312m, from which sections 312a, 312i extend radially outwards and inwards, which by 90 ° before insertion into the corresponding pole groove 10n be bent up.
  • the sections 312a, 3l2i are formed at their free ends with outwardly projecting latching lugs 312r which, as shown in FIG. 13, snap into corresponding slot-like receptacles 310a of the pole fingers 310f.
  • each pole groove 310n i.e. both the inner and the outer pole groove
  • two excitation coils 314i, 314a are arranged one above the other and opposite the pole fingers 310f and the middle pole section 310m are insulated by the described insulating body 312 and from one another by insulating spacers 316 which have an annular shape and are likewise latched in the slot-shaped recesses 310a of the pole fingers 310f.
  • the electrical connection elements for the excitation coils 314i, 314a extend outward between the spaced pole fingers 310f, as indicated in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 13 shows that the excitation coils 314i, 314a only extend over part of the height of the pole grooves 310n.
  • the remaining section of the pole grooves 310n is filled, as shown in FIG. 11, by rotor sheet metal rings 316i, 316a, which are arranged on a carrier disk 318, which here consists of aluminum and is connected via plastic carriers 318k.
  • the rotor plate rings 316i, 316a are each formed on their inner and outer circumferential surfaces with groove-like depressions, in correspondence with the distribution of the pole fingers 310f, so that the rotor plate rings 316i, 316a fit precisely in the area not filled by the excitation coils 314i, 314a of the pole grooves 310n can be used.
  • the rotor can also be formed from other materials without further ado.
  • the carrier disk 318 is seated on the shaft and is enclosed overall by a housing 320, which is not described in any more detail here.
  • the middle pole sections 310m and the pole fingers 310f of the pole pieces are cast with a two-component epoxy resin, just like the excitation coil 314i, 314a within the pole grooves 310n.
  • the groove formation or the insulating body 312 consists, for example, of hard paper.
  • the pole elements 310 are formed from soft iron sheets, while the excitation coils 314i, 314a are coils wound from copper wire.
  • the rotor shaft (not shown) is made of steel, as are the tension rings (shrink rings) 310, 310s.
  • the machine shown in the figures is designed as a surface-cooled machine. For this purpose, it is necessary to conduct the heat loss generated in the machine to the machine surface and from there to the environment. The heat is transported in the machine through heat conduction and forced convection of the machine air.
  • the structural arrangement of the potting elements between the stator iron elements, i.e. in particular the pole elements 310 is selected so that heat can be dissipated via the encapsulation element shrink ring 310s-housing 312, but also by forced convection (air circulation). So that a forced, sufficiently turbulent flow can be generated in the machine, fan blades 322 are attached to the rotor disks 318.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

Une machine électrique comprend un rotor tournant autour d'un axe et un stator pourvu d'un jeu de plusieurs éléments polaires en C répartis autour de l'axe et situés à la même distance angulaire les uns des autres. Chaque élément polaire entoure un enroulement du stator avec une bande de base et avec deux doigts polaires qui font saillie sur celle-ci et génère une ligne de force du champ magnétique à peu près parallèle à un plan parmi un système de plans qui traverse l'axe. Afin d'obtenir une telle machine qui soit économique à produire tout en ayant une structure suffisamment stable, les éléments polaires sont insérés dans un évidement continu qui s'étend autour de l'axe dans le sens azimutal et y sont fixés au moyen d'une masse adhésive.
PCT/EP1993/001912 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique WO1994002985A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6504152A JPH06511377A (ja) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 電気機械
EP93915960A EP0604627A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4223831.5 1992-07-20
DE4223831A DE4223831A1 (de) 1992-07-20 1992-07-20 Elektrisch erregte Transversalfluß-Maschine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994002985A1 true WO1994002985A1 (fr) 1994-02-03

Family

ID=6463636

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PCT/EP1993/001913 WO1994002986A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique
PCT/EP1993/001912 WO1994002985A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique
PCT/EP1993/001911 WO1994002984A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique

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PCT/EP1993/001913 WO1994002986A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1993/001911 WO1994002984A1 (fr) 1992-07-20 1993-07-20 Machine electrique

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EP (3) EP0604627A1 (fr)
JP (3) JPH06511378A (fr)
KR (1) KR940702660A (fr)
DE (1) DE4223831A1 (fr)
WO (3) WO1994002986A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2716046A1 (fr) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-11 Centre Nat Rech Scient Machine électrique tournante à bobinage global.
CN1062388C (zh) * 1994-12-21 2001-02-21 沃尔夫冈·希尔 横向磁通机
DE19639670C2 (de) * 1996-09-27 1999-09-02 Voith Turbo Kg Transversalflußmaschine mit einer Mehrzahl von parallel geschalteten Ringwicklungen
DE10361670B4 (de) * 2003-12-30 2009-08-06 Mitsubishi Denki K.K. Stator einer rotierenden elektrischen Maschine
US8595915B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2013-12-03 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Stator of electric rotating machine
JP6007580B2 (ja) * 2012-05-11 2016-10-12 コベルコ建機株式会社 建設機械の駆動装置
DE102013207469A1 (de) * 2013-04-24 2014-11-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Statorwicklung für axial kurze elektrische Maschinen kleiner Polzahl
DE102019134652B4 (de) 2019-12-17 2023-07-13 Audi Ag Transversalflussmaschine sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Transversalflussmaschine

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US3774059A (en) * 1971-09-13 1973-11-20 Cambridge Thermionic Corp Rotary stepping motor with laminated stator and rotor pole construction
US3784850A (en) * 1970-12-28 1974-01-08 Fujitsu Ltd Electric pulse motor
US3803431A (en) * 1971-11-24 1974-04-09 Fujitsu Ltd Electric pulse motor
JPS6181165A (ja) * 1984-09-25 1986-04-24 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd ステツプモ−タ
EP0201021A2 (fr) * 1985-05-10 1986-11-12 Portescap Moteur électrique synchrone à rotor en forme de disque
US4786834A (en) * 1987-07-06 1988-11-22 Rem Technologies, Inc. Stator assembly for dynamoelectric machine
DE3821660C1 (en) * 1988-06-27 1989-08-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De Reluctance machine
DE3827450A1 (de) * 1988-08-12 1990-02-15 Weh Herbert Schwingungsarme ausfuehrung von transversalflussmaschinen

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GB388887A (en) * 1930-12-15 1933-03-09 Gen Electric Improvements in and relating to electric motors
US3784850A (en) * 1970-12-28 1974-01-08 Fujitsu Ltd Electric pulse motor
US3774059A (en) * 1971-09-13 1973-11-20 Cambridge Thermionic Corp Rotary stepping motor with laminated stator and rotor pole construction
US3803431A (en) * 1971-11-24 1974-04-09 Fujitsu Ltd Electric pulse motor
JPS6181165A (ja) * 1984-09-25 1986-04-24 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd ステツプモ−タ
EP0201021A2 (fr) * 1985-05-10 1986-11-12 Portescap Moteur électrique synchrone à rotor en forme de disque
US4786834A (en) * 1987-07-06 1988-11-22 Rem Technologies, Inc. Stator assembly for dynamoelectric machine
DE3821660C1 (en) * 1988-06-27 1989-08-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De Reluctance machine
DE3827450A1 (de) * 1988-08-12 1990-02-15 Weh Herbert Schwingungsarme ausfuehrung von transversalflussmaschinen

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1994002984A1 (fr) 1994-02-03
KR940702660A (ko) 1994-08-20
EP0609410A1 (fr) 1994-08-10
EP0604627A1 (fr) 1994-07-06
DE4223831A1 (de) 1994-02-03
JPH06511376A (ja) 1994-12-15
JPH06511378A (ja) 1994-12-15
EP0604646A1 (fr) 1994-07-06
WO1994002986A1 (fr) 1994-02-03
JPH06511377A (ja) 1994-12-15

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