EP0602071B1 - Aqueous dispersions of novel amphiphilic co-oligomers for imparting a washing and cleaning-resistant finish to leather and pelts and their use - Google Patents

Aqueous dispersions of novel amphiphilic co-oligomers for imparting a washing and cleaning-resistant finish to leather and pelts and their use Download PDF

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EP0602071B1
EP0602071B1 EP92917518A EP92917518A EP0602071B1 EP 0602071 B1 EP0602071 B1 EP 0602071B1 EP 92917518 A EP92917518 A EP 92917518A EP 92917518 A EP92917518 A EP 92917518A EP 0602071 B1 EP0602071 B1 EP 0602071B1
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acid
leather
oligomers
aqueous
weight
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0602071A1 (en
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Ludwig Schieferstein
Rudolf Zauns Huber
Joachim Conradi
Emil Ruscheinsky
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14CCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C9/00Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes

Definitions

  • the greasing of vegetable and / or mineral-tanned leather or fur skins is an essential process step in the finishing stages for the ready-to-use valuable material based on leather or fur.
  • the shape of the fat distribution in the skin substance and the extent to which the fat components are incorporated into the skin substance have a decisive influence on the properties and usability of the finished products.
  • the specific structure of the fatliquor - for example the extent of their lipophilic groups and any reactive groups present for reaction with suitable reactive components in the tanned leather - determine, among other things, the durability and effect of the greasing equipment in practical use of the leather and fur products.
  • EP 193 832 relates to a process for the production of waterproof leather or furs using sulfosuccinic acid monoesters in combination with impregnating and / or hydrophobic greasing agents, the distinguishing feature of this process being that the leather or furs are subsequently retanned in treated aqueous liquor with impregnating and / or hydrophobizing fatliquoring agents containing sulfosuccinic acid monoester salts with C12 ⁇ 24 fatty residues and fixed after acidification by adding a chromium, zirconium and / or aluminum salt.
  • the sulfosuccinic acid monoester salts with impregnating fatliquors from the group consisting of oxidized or oxidized and partially sulfonated C18 ⁇ 26 hydrocarbons or C32 ⁇ 40 waxes, phosphoric acid mono-C12 ⁇ 24 alkyl esters, citric acid mono-C16 ⁇ 24 alkyl esters, sorbitan, Glycerol and / or pentaerythritol C16 ⁇ 24 fatty acid esters used.
  • amphiphilic agents have been described and recommended for the wet-end finishing of, in particular, mineral-tanned leathers and furskins, which represent certain selected co-oligomers of hydrophobic or oleophilic monomers on the one hand and hydrophilic monomer components on the other hand.
  • Amphiphilic agents of this type can be worked into the leather or skins to be finished in the form of aqueous dispersions, emulsions and / or solutions after completion of the main tanning, for example by being rolled in.
  • these amphiphilic finishing agents can simultaneously take on the function of retanning.
  • the amphiphilic agents can be finally fixed with mineral tannins in particular.
  • amphiphilic copolymers being formed from a predominant portion of at least one hydrophobic monomer and a minor portion of at least one copolymerizable hydrophilic monomer are.
  • hydrophobic monomers long-chain alkyl (meth) acrylates, long-chain alkoxy- or alkylphenoxy (polyethylene oxide) - (meth) acrylates, primary alkenes, vinyl esters of long-chain alkylcarboxylic acids and their mixtures.
  • the minor proportion of hydrophilic comonomers are ethylenically unsaturated water-soluble acids or hydrophilic basic comonomers.
  • the molecular weight (weight average) of the copolymers is in the range from 2,000 to 100,000.
  • EP 412 389 describes the use of copolymers as agents for the hydrophobization of leather and fur skins by radical copolymerization of (a) C8 ⁇ 40-monoolefins with (b) ethylenically unsaturated C4 ⁇ 8-dicarboxylic acid anhydrides in the manner of a bulk polymerization at temperatures of 80 up to 300 ° C to copolymers with molecular weights of 500 to 20,000 g / mol, subsequent solvolysis of the anhydride groups of the copolymers and at least partial neutralization of the carboxyl groups formed in the solvolysis have been prepared in an aqueous medium with bases and which are in the form of aqueous dispersions or solutions .
  • EP 418 661 describes for the same purpose the use of copolymers which (a) 50 to 90% by weight C8 ⁇ 40-alkyl (meth) acrylates, vinyl esters of C8 ⁇ 40-carboxylic acids or their mixtures and (b ) 10 to 50 wt .-% monoethylenically unsaturated C3 ⁇ 12-carboxylic acids, monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, half esters or half-amides of monoethylenically unsaturated C4 ⁇ 12-dicarboxylic acids, amides of C3 ⁇ 12-monocarboxylic acids or mixtures thereof and copolymerized and molecular weights from 500 to 30,000 own g / mole.
  • the copolymers are in at least partially neutralized form in aqueous solution or in aqueous dispersion for the intended use.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a new class of amphiphilic co-oligomers which can be used in an improved manner in the finishing steps of pre-tanned leather and fur skins, which are particularly suitable for impregnating and permeating the skin substance on the one hand, set the desired fatliquoring and possibly also certain hydrophobization effects, but on the other hand can also replace the otherwise usual retanning at the same time.
  • the invention seeks to make it possible to provide grease that is at least largely resistant to cleaning, so that appropriately equipped leathers and skins can be accessed by aqueous surfactant washing and / or chemical cleaning without suffering any substantial loss in value.
  • the invention provides for the use of the co-oligomer class described below, if desired also in a mixture with other greasing and / or hydrophobicizing, in particular known mixture components before, in one embodiment both the class of the amphiphilic co-oligomers selected according to the invention and the optionally additionally used auxiliary substances of the type specified above can be fixed in the skin material by post-treatment with in particular mineral tanning agents.
  • the invention relates to the use of the aqueous dispersions of these amphiphilic agents, in particular for finishing mineral-tanned leather and / or fur skins, the amphiphilic agents of the invention described above also being able to take on or exercise a retanning function in the course of this treatment.
  • the invention relates to aqueous dispersions of the amphiphilic co-oligomers from the previously defined components (a) and (b) and optionally (c), the molar ratios of (a) :( b) in these co-oligomers Range from about 1: 1 to 2: 1.
  • the optional component (s) (c) are present in smaller amounts by weight, based on the sum of (a) + (b).
  • the aqueous dispersions are adjusted to pH values in the range from neutral to weakly basic and are present in particular as a water-dilutable aqueous pasty mass with valuable content of the co-oligomer in the range from about 30 to 50% by weight.
  • the basic element of the invention is the use of the co-oligomers from half-esters of maleic acid with selected oleophilic alcohols - component (a) - and acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid - component (b), hereinafter also referred to simply as (meth) acrylic acid - as main components.
  • these co-oligomers can have minor amounts either of comonomers with a hydrophilic character and / or of comonomers with an oleophilic character.
  • These optional additional components of the co-oligomer molecule are collectively referred to as components of type (c).
  • Preferred embodiments for co-oligomers of the definition according to the invention provide that at least approximately equal amounts of (a) to (b) are used to build up the co-oligomer molecule, but it is preferred that the component (a) is molar in the Use excess over component (b). This ensures that a possible large proportion of fatty and / or hydrophobizing lipophilic molecule components are introduced into the wet-end leather to be finished, but on the other hand there is a sufficiently large number of free carboxyl groups in the co-oligomer molecule, which are both from the components of (a) and from Components to (b) result.
  • this creates the possibility of specifically setting greasing effects in the fiber structure of the leather or fur, but at the same time there is a large number of reactive free carboxyl groups available for interaction with the skin substance and / or auxiliary agents that are already present or have to be added subsequently - in particular mineral tanning agents.
  • the desired combination of the majority of equipment effects is thus made controllably accessible.
  • the auxiliary substance can be fixed in the skin structure in such a way that cleaning by washing and / or chemical cleaning agents becomes accessible when the greased soft leather structure is retained.
  • This component is formed by half esters of maleic acid with lipophilic or oleophilic alcohols, and in addition to or instead of the alcohols, their alkylene oxide adducts also have a limited and, in a manner known per se, the chain length of the alcohols adapted number of alkylene oxide residues can be used. Details on this can be found, for example, in EP 193 832 cited at the outset.
  • the latter components with a maximum of 6 alkylene oxide groups and preferably with up to to derivatize to 4 alkylene oxide groups.
  • Lower degrees of alkoxylation are preferably associated with lower chain lengths; higher degrees of alkoxylation within the lower range mentioned can be longer Chain lengths must be assigned.
  • Corresponding EO radicals can in particular be suitable as alkylene oxide groups.
  • oleophilic maleic acid half-esters as component (a) are used which are free from such an alkylene oxide derivatization.
  • Half-esters of maleic acid with straight-chain and / or branched alcohols of oleophilic character which contain at least predominantly 8 to 10 or more carbon atoms in the molecule are particularly suitable here.
  • ester-forming fatty alcohols are corresponding components of natural origin, such as are obtained, for example, by reduction from fatty acids of natural origin in a manner known per se.
  • Saturated fatty alcohols in the range from C 12 to 18 can be of particular importance for the formation of the monomeric components to (a). By using or using these components, optimized greasy and water-repellent effects are obtained.
  • branched chain alcohols can also contain fewer than 12 carbon atoms in the molecule, corresponding components with at least 6 carbon atoms, preferably with at least 8 carbon atoms, being suitable.
  • An important branched chain alcohol that is related to its manufacture the maleic acid half ester according to (a) can be used is 2-ethylhexanol.
  • the amount of branched-chain, in particular shorter, alcohols used will always be comparatively limited.
  • no more than 20% by weight, preferably no more than 15 or even 10% by weight, of the alcohol residues present in (a) is formed by such branched-chain lower alcohols.
  • Quantity ratios of approximately 95% by weight of pronounced oleophilic long-chain fatty alcohols, in particular in the range C 12 to 18 with approximately 5% by weight of a branched-chain alcohol of the 2-ethylhexanol type have proven to be sufficient for practical work.
  • the components of (a) are obtained in a manner known per se from maleic anhydride by alcoholysis with the respectively selected hydrophobic fatty alcohol or alcohol mixture.
  • the preferred monomer component for (b) is acrylic acid, but mixtures of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with, in particular, predominant amounts of acrylic acid can also be particularly considered here.
  • co-oligomerization is expediently carried out in such a way that the resulting co-oligomers are obtained with average molecular weights (weight average) in the range from about 500 to 20,000.
  • Particularly suitable co-oligomers of the type described have corresponding average molecular weights in the range from about 1,000 to 10,000.
  • additional oleophilizing monomer components according to (c) and / or additional hydrophilizing monomer components according to (c) can also be used.
  • copolymerizable oleophilic monomer compounds - for example the (meth) acrylates of long-chain alcohols known from the prior art - can also be used.
  • further acid groups for example vinyl sulfonic acid and the like, the character of the fixability or the ability to retanning be enhanced.
  • the amphiphilic agents according to the invention contain the component (s) (c) which may also be used in comparatively small amounts by weight, based on the sum of (a) + (b).
  • component (s) (c) which may also be used in comparatively small amounts by weight, based on the sum of (a) + (b).
  • co-oligomers of the type described which additionally contain oleophilic components (c).
  • their content is not more than 45% by weight and in particular less than 30% by weight of the co-oligomer.
  • co-oligomers are used which have been prepared without adding such oleophilic components to (c). If additional greasing and / or hydrophobizing additional effects are desired here, then in the sense of the teaching according to the invention, mixture components are also used, which will be dealt with separately below.
  • the co-oligomers from (a) and (b) and, if appropriate, (c) are prepared according to the invention by aqueous emulsion copolymerization.
  • the individual procedure is expediently carried out as follows: the separately prepared maleic acid half-ester is finely emulsified in slightly preheated water, if necessary, after melting. Alkalization with NaOH in particular ensures a weakly acidic to neutral pH at best. Preferred pH values are in the range from about 4.5 to 7, in particular 6 to 7.
  • an aqueous solution of component (s) becomes (b) - in particular Acrylic acid - metered in and simultaneous pH regulation ensures compliance with the specified weakly acidic pH value at best.
  • an initiator for the radical reaction in particular hydrogen peroxide, is metered in.
  • a neutral to weakly alkaline pH is set in the aqueous reaction medium.
  • paste-like masses can be produced whose content of co-oligomers is valuable For example, it is in the range from about 30 to 45% by weight and the unreacted constituents only contain amounts significantly below 1% by weight, preferably below 0.5% by weight.
  • Preferred pH values for the storage-stable product are in the range around pH 7 to 8.
  • the pasty masses are to be mixed with water and / or aqueous active substance mixtures of the type described below at any time and put to practical use.
  • amphiphilic agents of the type described are used, in the production of which in the stage of the aqueous co-oligomerization emulsifiers have been used which, when introduced into mineral-tanned leather and / or furs in particular, cause additional greasing or hydrophobization and preferably at the same time can be fixed via acidic groups in the tanned leather or fur.
  • An important example of compounds of this type are the water-emulsifiable sulfosuccinic acid half-esters mentioned at the outset, which are derived from long-chain fatty alcohols and / or their alkylene oxide adducts.
  • auxiliaries of this type do not have to have been used as mixture components in the course of the co-oligomerization; they can also be used as the aqueous mixture of valuable substances used according to the invention Mix components are added afterwards.
  • connection types of this type are examples of connection types of this type:
  • Sulfosuccinic acid half-esters of long-chain fatty alcohols with in particular 12 to 24 C atoms and / or their alkylene oxide adducts with preferably up to 6 alkylene oxide residues corresponding sulfosuccinic acid half-esters of fatty acid mono- and / or diglycerides or their alkylene oxide adducts with preferably up to 6 alkylene oxide residues with a further preferred chain length of Fatty acid (s) in the range C12 ⁇ 24, long-chain sulfofatty acids, in particular corresponding alpha-sulfofatty acids with preferably 12 to 24, in particular 16 to 18, carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon radicals usually being saturated in the case of these alpha-substituted sulfofatty acids, and internal sulfofatty acids of olefinically 1- and / or polyunsaturated carboxylic acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid
  • the co-oligomers of (a) and (b) and optionally (c) defined according to the invention are combined with impregnating and / or hydrophobizing fatliquors, the sulfosuccinic acid monoester salts with C12 ⁇ 24 fat residues in combination with other impregnating fatliquoring agents, selected in particular from the group of oxidized or oxidized and partially sulfonated C18 ⁇ 26 hydrocarbons or C32 ⁇ 40 waxes.
  • additional impregnating fatliquors are phosphoric acid mono-C12 ⁇ 24 alkyl esters, partial esters of polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid mono-C16 ⁇ 24 alkyl esters, partial esters of polyalcohols, such as sorbitan, glycerol or pentaerythritol C16 ⁇ 26 ⁇ fatty acid esters.
  • the amount of the co-oligomers of (a) and (b) defined according to the invention and, if appropriate, is (c) preferably at least about 35% by weight of the material mixture and in particular at least about 50% by weight, based on the same basis. It may be expedient to provide at least about 70 to 80% by weight of the mixture of valuable substances to be incorporated into the wet-end leather to be finished, based on the co-oligomers according to the invention.
  • the co-oligomer dispersions according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of all customary tanned skins, in particular corresponding material which has been tanned with mineral tanning agents.
  • the tanned hides are usually deacidified before treatment. They may have been stained before treatment. Coloring can also only be carried out after the treatment according to the invention.
  • the leather to be impregnated in the wet state is advantageously mixed with the dispersions in an aqueous liquor at pH values of about 4 to 10, preferably at pH 5 to 8, and at temperatures of about 20 to 60 ° C., preferably 30 to 50 ° C. treated in several stages if necessary for a period of up to a few hours.
  • the treatment takes place, for example, by drumming in a barrel.
  • the required amount of co-oligomer dispersion is usually 0.1 to 30% by weight, in particular 1 to 20% by weight, based on the shaved weight of the leather or the wet weight of the fur skins.
  • the liquor length is usually 10 to 1,000%, preferably 30 to 150%, and 50 to 500% for fur skins.
  • the pH of the treatment liquor is shifted into the slightly acidic range by adding acids.
  • Preferred pH values are in the range from 3 to 5, preferably in the range from about 3.5 to 4.
  • a fixation with, in particular, mineral tanning agents can be added, the use of aluminum salts being particularly preferred here.
  • maleic anhydride (Examples 1 and 2) is also used, this component is first added in portions at such a rate that the internal temperature of the reaction mixture remains below approx. 55 ° C. (time required approx. 20 minutes; possibly weak external cooling). After the maleic anhydride has completely dissolved, the maleic acid half-ester, if necessary melted, is added. The template is then neutralized by adding NaOH cookies in portions to a pH of approximately 7.0. The internal temperature rises to a maximum of 80 ° C.
  • the reactor contents are then heated to 90 ° C.
  • feed solutions were previously prepared separately from this reaction template: feed solution 1: acrylic acid / water (demineralized); Feed resolution 2: ammonium peroxydisulfate / water (demineralized); Inlet resolution 3: 35% by weight hydrogen peroxide After the temperature inside the reactor has reached 90 ° C., the addition of the feed solutions and the starter is started.
  • feed solution 1 acrylic acid / water (demineralized);
  • Feed resolution 2 ammonium peroxydisulfate / water (demineralized); Inlet resolution 3: 35% by weight hydrogen peroxide
  • Allowance 1 28 parts by weight of 35% hydrogen peroxide Allowance 1 is added evenly over a period of 5 hours. At the same time, feed solutions 2 and 3 are added evenly over a period of 6 hours at an internal temperature of 100 ° C - this can cause slight reflux.
  • reaction mixture is then reheated at 100 ° C. for 1 hour.
  • a pH of about 7 is set by carefully adding aqueous 20% sodium hydroxide solution.
  • chrome leather samples are treated with the oligomers according to the invention under the working conditions of Examples 7 to 11 below.
  • Examples 7 to 11 which are summarized in a table, the products of the definition according to the invention from Examples 1, 4 and 5 are used as oligomers of the invention.
  • soft, supple and well-filled leathers are obtained, which have a pleasant grip and are characterized by high grain resistance.
  • the samples can be subjected to both aqueous-surfactant washing (30 ° C) and chemical cleaning without causing lasting damage to the product properties. Even after repeated repetitive cleaning steps of the specified type, no lasting stiffening of the leather material can be determined.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP92/01938 Sec. 371 Date May 3, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 3, 1994 PCT Filed Aug. 24, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/05188 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 18, 1993.The invention is a process for oiling of leather and skins which imparts washing and dry-cleaning resistance to the treated leather and skins and a composition useful in the process. The washing and dry-cleaning resistance of leather is improved by impregnating the leather with an aqueous dispersion of a co-oligomer containing residues of a partial ester of maleic acid and acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and optionally up to 45% by weight of residues of ether hydmphilic and oleophilic monomers. The composition can contain semiesters of sulfosuccinic acid as additional oiling agents.

Description

Die Fettung pflanzlich und/oder mineralisch gegerbter Leder beziehungsweise Pelzfelle ist ein essentieller Verfahrensschritt in den Ausrüstungsstufen zum gebrauchsfertigen Wertstoff auf Leder- beziehungsweise Fellbasis. Die Form der Fettverteilung in der Hautsubstanz und das Ausmaß der Einbindung der Fettkomponenten in die Hautsubstanz beeinflussen die Eigenschaften und die Gebrauchsfähigkeit der Fertigprodukte entscheidend. Es besteht dabei umfangreiches Fachwissen zu möglichen Interaktionen zwischen den Fettkomponenten einerseits und der gegerbten, sowie Restgerbstoffe enthaltenden Hautsubstanz andererseits. Der bestimmte Aufbau der Fettungsmittel - beispielsweise das Ausmaß ihrer lipophilen Gruppen und gegebenenfalls vorliegende Reaktivgruppen zur Umsetzung mit geeigneten Reaktivbestandteilen im gegerbten Leder - bestimmen unter anderem die Dauerhaftigkeit und Wirkung der fettenden Ausrüstung im praktischen Gebrauch der Leder- und Pelzwaren.The greasing of vegetable and / or mineral-tanned leather or fur skins is an essential process step in the finishing stages for the ready-to-use valuable material based on leather or fur. The shape of the fat distribution in the skin substance and the extent to which the fat components are incorporated into the skin substance have a decisive influence on the properties and usability of the finished products. There is extensive specialist knowledge of possible interactions between the fat components on the one hand and the tanned skin substance containing residual tannins on the other hand. The specific structure of the fatliquor - for example the extent of their lipophilic groups and any reactive groups present for reaction with suitable reactive components in the tanned leather - determine, among other things, the durability and effect of the greasing equipment in practical use of the leather and fur products.

Ein für die Praxis nach wie vor wichtiger Aspekt liegt in der Schaffung von fettenden Ausrüstungsmitteln, die in der gegerbten Hautsubstanz so zuverläßig gebunden werden können, daß eine für die praktischen Bedürfnisse hinreichende Wasch- und Reinigungsbeständigkeit der Leder- beziehungsweise Pelzwaren sichergestellt ist. Hochwertige Lederwaren, beispielsweise aus der Bekleidungsindustrie, sollen dabei sowohl der wäßrigtensidischen Wäsche als auch gegebenenfalls einer chemischen Reinigung ohne wesentliche Qualitätseinbuße zugänglich sein. Für Sonderfälle wird die weiterführende Bedingung hinreichender Wasserdichtigkeit des fertig ausgerüsteten Leders gewünscht.An aspect which is still important in practice is the creation of greasy finishing agents which can be bound in the tanned skin substance so reliably that a wash and cleaning resistance of the leather or fur products is ensured which is sufficient for practical needs. High-quality leather goods, for example from the clothing industry, are said to be accessible to both water-based laundry and, if appropriate, chemical cleaning without a significant loss in quality. For special cases the further condition of sufficient waterproofness of the finished leather is desired.

Zur wasserdichten Ausrüstung von Leder oder Pelzen sind insbesondere drei Verfahrensprinzipien bekannt:

  • 1. Imprägnierung durch Einlagerung wasserunlöslicher Substanzen, zum Beispiel feste Fette, Wachse oder spezielle Polymere,
  • 2. Imprägnierung durch Einlagerung wasserquellender Substanzen, die bei Wasseraufnahme hoch-viskose Emulsionen bilden und die Faserzwischenräume des Leders verstopfen, zum Beispiel spezielle Emulgatoren vom W/O-Typ,
  • 3. Behandlung mit hydrophobierend wirkenden Substanzen, zum Beispiel Aluminium-, Chrom- und/oder Zirkonkomplexe, Silikone oder organische Fluorverbindungen.
In particular, three process principles are known for waterproofing leather or furs:
  • 1. impregnation by storing water-insoluble substances, for example solid fats, waxes or special polymers,
  • 2. Impregnation by incorporating water-swelling substances which form highly viscous emulsions when water is absorbed and clog the interstices of the leather, for example special emulsifiers of the W / O type,
  • 3. Treatment with substances having a hydrophobic effect, for example aluminum, chromium and / or zirconium complexes, silicones or organic fluorine compounds.

Die DE 1 669 347 beschreibt die Anwendung von wasseremulgierbaren Sulfobernsteinsäure-Halbestern zum Fetten von Leder, wobei jedoch noch keine Wasserdichteffekte erzielt werden. Gegenstand der EP 193 832 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung wasserdichter Leder oder Pelze unter Verwendung von Sulfobernsteinsäure-Monoestern in Kombination mit imprägnierenden und/oder hydrophobierenden Fettungsmitteln, wobei das Kennzeichen dieses Verfahrens darin liegt, daß man die Leder oder Pelze im Anschluß an die Nachgerbung in wäßriger Flotte mit imprägnierenden und/oder hydrophobierenden Fettungsmitteln behandelt, die Sulfobernsteinsäure-Monoester-Salze mit C₁₂₋₂₄-Fettresten enthalten und nach Absäuern durch Zugabe eines Chrom-, Zirkon- und/oder Aluminiumsalzes fixiert. Bevorzugt werden die Sulfobernsteinsäure-Monoester-Salze mit imprägnierenden Fettungsmitteln aus der Gruppe oxidierte oder oxidierte und teilsulfierte C₁₈₋₂₆-Kohlenwasserstoffe oder C₃₂₋₄₀-Wachse, Phosphorsäuremono-C₁₂₋₂₄-alkylester, Citronensäuremono-C₁₆₋₂₄-alkylester, Sorbitan-, Glycerin- und/oder Pentaerythrit-C₁₆₋₂₄-Fettsäureester eingesetzt.DE 1 669 347 describes the use of water-emulsifiable sulfosuccinic acid half-esters for greasing leather, but no waterproofing effects have yet been achieved. EP 193 832 relates to a process for the production of waterproof leather or furs using sulfosuccinic acid monoesters in combination with impregnating and / or hydrophobic greasing agents, the distinguishing feature of this process being that the leather or furs are subsequently retanned in treated aqueous liquor with impregnating and / or hydrophobizing fatliquoring agents containing sulfosuccinic acid monoester salts with C₁₂₋₂₄ fatty residues and fixed after acidification by adding a chromium, zirconium and / or aluminum salt. The sulfosuccinic acid monoester salts with impregnating fatliquors from the group consisting of oxidized or oxidized and partially sulfonated C₁₈₋₂₆ hydrocarbons or C₃₂₋₄₀ waxes, phosphoric acid mono-C₁₂₋₂₄ alkyl esters, citric acid mono-C₁₆₋₂₄ alkyl esters, sorbitan, Glycerol and / or pentaerythritol C₁₆₋₂₄ fatty acid esters used.

In jüngster Zeit werden für die Wet-end-Ausrüstung von insbesondere mineralisch gegerbten Ledern und Pelzfellen amphiphile Mittel beschrieben und empfohlen, die bestimmt ausgewählte Co-Oligomere von einerseits hydrophoben beziehungsweise oleophilen Monomeren und andererseits hydrophilen Monomerbestandteilen darstellen. Amphiphile Mittel dieser Art können in Form wäßriger Dispersionen, Emulsionen und/oder Lösungen nach Abschluß der Hauptgerbung in die auszurüstenden Leder oder Felle eingearbeitet - beispielsweise eingewalkt - werden. Insbesondere im Fall mineralisch gegerbter Leder oder Pelzfelle können diese amphiphilen Ausrüstungsmittel gleichzeitig die Funktion der Nachgerbung übernehmen. Es kann schließlich eine abschließende Fixierung der amphiphilen Mittel mit insbesondere Mineralgerbstoffen vorgesehen sein. Die jüngere Patentliteratur beschreibt Hilfsstoffe der hier betroffenen Art. So sind zum Beispiel in der EP 372 746 entsprechende Mittel und ihre Anwendung beschrieben, wobei die amphiphilen Co-Polymere aus einem überwiegenden Anteil wenigstens eines hydrophoben Monomeren und einem untergeordneten Anteil wenigstens eines copolymerisierbaren hydrophilen Monomeren gebildet sind. Als hydrophobe Monomere sind aufgezählt: langkettige Alkyl(meth)acrylate, langkettige Alkoxy- oder Alkylphenoxy(polyethylenoxid)-(meth)acrylate, primäre Alkene, Vinylester von langkettigen Alkylcarbonsäuren und deren Gemische. Die in geringerem Anteil vorliegenden hydrophilen Comonomeren sind ethylenisch ungesättigte wasserlösliche Säuren oder hydrophile basische Comonomere. Das Molekulargewicht (Gewichtsmittel) der Copolymeren liegt im Bereich von 2.000 bis 100.000.Recently, amphiphilic agents have been described and recommended for the wet-end finishing of, in particular, mineral-tanned leathers and furskins, which represent certain selected co-oligomers of hydrophobic or oleophilic monomers on the one hand and hydrophilic monomer components on the other hand. Amphiphilic agents of this type can be worked into the leather or skins to be finished in the form of aqueous dispersions, emulsions and / or solutions after completion of the main tanning, for example by being rolled in. Particularly in the case of mineral-tanned leather or fur skins, these amphiphilic finishing agents can simultaneously take on the function of retanning. Finally, the amphiphilic agents can be finally fixed with mineral tannins in particular. The more recent patent literature describes auxiliaries of the type concerned here. Corresponding agents and their use are described, for example, in EP 372 746, the amphiphilic copolymers being formed from a predominant portion of at least one hydrophobic monomer and a minor portion of at least one copolymerizable hydrophilic monomer are. The following are listed as hydrophobic monomers: long-chain alkyl (meth) acrylates, long-chain alkoxy- or alkylphenoxy (polyethylene oxide) - (meth) acrylates, primary alkenes, vinyl esters of long-chain alkylcarboxylic acids and their mixtures. The minor proportion of hydrophilic comonomers are ethylenically unsaturated water-soluble acids or hydrophilic basic comonomers. The molecular weight (weight average) of the copolymers is in the range from 2,000 to 100,000.

Die EP 412 389 beschreibt als Mittel zum Hydrophobieren von Leder und Pelzfellen den Einsatz von Copolymerisaten, die durch radikalische Copolymerisation von (a) C₈₋₄₀-Monoolefinen mit (b) ethylenisch ungesättigten C₄₋₈-Dicarbonsäureanhydriden nach Art einer Substanzpolymerisation bei Temperaturen von 80 bis 300°C zu Copolymerisaten mit Molmassen von 500 bis 20.000 g/Mol, anschließende Solvolyse der Anhydridgruppen der Copolymerisate und zumindest partielle Neutralisation der bei der Solvolyse entstehenden Carboxylgruppen in wäßrigem Medium mit Basen hergestellt worden sind und die in Form von wäßrigen Dispersionen oder Lösungen vorliegen. Schließlich wird in der EP 418 661 zum gleichen Zweck die Verwendung von Copolymerisaten beschrieben, die (a) 50 bis 90 Gew.-% C₈₋₄₀-Alkyl(meth)acrylate, Vinylester von C₈₋₄₀-Carbonsäuren oder deren Mischungen und (b) 10 bis 50 Gew.-% monoethylenisch ungesättigte C₃₋₁₂-Carbonsäuren, monoethylenisch ungesättigte Dicarbonsäureanhydride, Halbester oder Halbamide von monoethylenisch ungesättigten C₄₋₁₂-Dicarbonsäuren, Amide von C₃₋₁₂-Monocarbonsäuren oder Mischungen davon einpolymerisiert enthalten und Molmassen von 500 bis 30.000 g/Mol besitzen. Die Copolymerisate liegen in zumindest partiell neutralisierter Form in wäßriger Lösung oder in wäßriger Dispersion für den angegebenen Einsatzzweck vor.EP 412 389 describes the use of copolymers as agents for the hydrophobization of leather and fur skins by radical copolymerization of (a) C₈₋₄₀-monoolefins with (b) ethylenically unsaturated C₄₋₈-dicarboxylic acid anhydrides in the manner of a bulk polymerization at temperatures of 80 up to 300 ° C to copolymers with molecular weights of 500 to 20,000 g / mol, subsequent solvolysis of the anhydride groups of the copolymers and at least partial neutralization of the carboxyl groups formed in the solvolysis have been prepared in an aqueous medium with bases and which are in the form of aqueous dispersions or solutions . Finally, EP 418 661 describes for the same purpose the use of copolymers which (a) 50 to 90% by weight C₈₋₄₀-alkyl (meth) acrylates, vinyl esters of C₈₋₄₀-carboxylic acids or their mixtures and (b ) 10 to 50 wt .-% monoethylenically unsaturated C₃₋₁₂-carboxylic acids, monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, half esters or half-amides of monoethylenically unsaturated C₄₋₁₂-dicarboxylic acids, amides of C₃₋₁₂-monocarboxylic acids or mixtures thereof and copolymerized and molecular weights from 500 to 30,000 own g / mole. The copolymers are in at least partially neutralized form in aqueous solution or in aqueous dispersion for the intended use.

Umfangreiche Arbeiten der Anmelderin haben gezeigt, daß die Vielgestaltigkeit der hier in der Praxis anfallenden Einsatzmaterialien auf dem Gebiet der Wet-end-Ausrüstung von Leder und Pelzfellen einerseits sowie die handwerklich stark individuell und vielgestaltig ausgeprägte Form der Vorstufen bei der Gewinnung von Ledern und Pelzfellen eine Erweiterung der Arbeitsmöglichkeiten für die fettende und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitig nachgerbende Ausrüstung im Wet-end wünschenswert macht. Die Erfindung geht dementsprechend von der Aufgabe aus, eine neue Stoffklasse von amphiphilen Co-Oligomeren zur Verfügung zu stellen, die in verbesserter Weise in den hier dargestellten Ausrüstungsschritten vorgegerbter Leder und Pelzfelle eingesetzt werden können, dabei insbesondere geeignet sind, die Hautsubstanz durchdringend zu imprägnieren und dabei einerseits die gewünschten Fettungs- und gegebenenfalls auch gewisse Hydrophobierungseffekte einstellen, andererseits aber auch die sonst übliche Nachgerbung gleichzeitig ersetzen können. Insbesondere will die Erfindung die Möglichkeit schaffen, eine wenigstens weitgehend reinigungsfeste Fettung zu ermöglichen, so daß entsprechend ausgerüstete Leder und Felle der wäßrigtensidischen Wäsche und/oder einer chemischen Reinigung zugänglich werden, ohne substantielle Wertverluste zu erleiden.Extensive work by the applicant has shown that, on the one hand, the diversity of the materials used in practice in the field of wet-end finishing of leather and fur skins, as well as the highly individual and varied shape of the preliminary stages in the production of leather and fur skins Extension of the job opportunities for the greasing and possibly retanning equipment in the wet end makes it desirable. Accordingly, the invention is based on the object of providing a new class of amphiphilic co-oligomers which can be used in an improved manner in the finishing steps of pre-tanned leather and fur skins, which are particularly suitable for impregnating and permeating the skin substance on the one hand, set the desired fatliquoring and possibly also certain hydrophobization effects, but on the other hand can also replace the otherwise usual retanning at the same time. In particular, the invention seeks to make it possible to provide grease that is at least largely resistant to cleaning, so that appropriately equipped leathers and skins can be accessed by aqueous surfactant washing and / or chemical cleaning without suffering any substantial loss in value.

Die Erfindung sieht dabei den Einsatz der im nachfolgenden geschilderten Co-Oligomerenklasse, gewünschtenfalls auch in Abmischung mit weiteren fettenden und/oder hydrophobierenden insbesondere vorbekannten Mischungskomponenten vor, wobei in einer Ausführungsform sowohl die erfindungsgemäß ausgewählte Klasse der amphiphilen Co-Oligomere als auch die gegebenenfalls zusätzlich mitverwendeten Hilfsstoffe der zuvor angegebenen Art durch eine Nachbehandlung mit insbesondere mineralischen Gerbstoffen im Hautmaterial fixiert werden können.The invention provides for the use of the co-oligomer class described below, if desired also in a mixture with other greasing and / or hydrophobicizing, in particular known mixture components before, in one embodiment both the class of the amphiphilic co-oligomers selected according to the invention and the optionally additionally used auxiliary substances of the type specified above can be fixed in the skin material by post-treatment with in particular mineral tanning agents.

Die erfindungsgemäße LehreThe teaching according to the invention

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist dementsprechend in einer ersten Ausführungsform die Verwendung wäßriger Dispersionen von Co-Oligomeren aus der radikalisch ausgelösten wäßrigen Emulsionscopolymerisation im schwach sauren bis neutral eingestellten pH-Bereich von

  • (a) Halbestern der Maleinsäure mit oleophilen Alkoholen und/oder deren niederen Alkylenoxidaddukten und
  • (b) Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure
als Hauptkomponenten, die auch zusätzlich
  • (c) untergeordnete Mengen von weiteren hydrophilen und/oder oleophilen Comonomeren im Oligomeren-Molekül enthalten können,
als amphiphiles Mittel zur fettenden, auswaschfesten und chemisch reinigungsfesten Ausrüstung von Leder und Pelzfetten.Accordingly, the invention relates in a first embodiment to the use of aqueous dispersions of co-oligomers from the free-radically triggered aqueous emulsion copolymerization in the weakly acidic to neutral pH range of
  • (a) Half esters of maleic acid with oleophilic alcohols and / or their lower alkylene oxide adducts and
  • (b) acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid
as main components, which are also additional
  • (c) may contain minor amounts of further hydrophilic and / or oleophilic comonomers in the oligomer molecule,
as an amphiphilic agent for the greasing, wash-out and dry-cleaning finishing of leather and fur fats.

Die Erfindung betrifft in dieser Ausführungsform den Einsatz der wäßrigen Dispersionen dieser amphiphilen Mittel insbesondere zur Ausrüstung mineralisch gegerbter Leder und/oder Pelzfelle, wobei im Rahmen dieser Behandlung die zuvor geschilderten amphiphilen Mittel der Erfindung gleichzeitig auch eine nachgerbende Funktion übernehmen beziehungsweise ausüben können.In this embodiment, the invention relates to the use of the aqueous dispersions of these amphiphilic agents, in particular for finishing mineral-tanned leather and / or fur skins, the amphiphilic agents of the invention described above also being able to take on or exercise a retanning function in the course of this treatment.

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind in einer weiteren Ausführungsform wäßrige Dispersionen der amphiphilen Co-Oligomeren aus den zuvor definierten Komponenten (a) und (b) sowie gegebenenfalls (c), wobei in diesen Co-Oligomeren die Molverhältnisse von (a):(b) im Bereich von etwa 1:1 bis 2:1 liegen. Die gegebenenfalls vorliegende(n) Komponente(n) (c) sind dabei in geringeren Gewichtsmengen - bezogen auf die Summe von (a)+(b) - enthalten. Die wäßrigen Dispersionen sind auf pH-Werte im Bereich von neutral bis schwach basisch eingestellt und liegen insbesondere als wasserverdünnbare wäßrig-pastöse Masse mit Wertstoffgehalten des Co-Oligomeren im Bereich von etwa 30 bis 50 Gew.-% vor.In a further embodiment, the invention relates to aqueous dispersions of the amphiphilic co-oligomers from the previously defined components (a) and (b) and optionally (c), the molar ratios of (a) :( b) in these co-oligomers Range from about 1: 1 to 2: 1. The optional component (s) (c) are present in smaller amounts by weight, based on the sum of (a) + (b). The aqueous dispersions are adjusted to pH values in the range from neutral to weakly basic and are present in particular as a water-dilutable aqueous pasty mass with valuable content of the co-oligomer in the range from about 30 to 50% by weight.

Einzelheiten zur Erfindung und ihren AusführungsformenDetails of the invention and its embodiments

Tragendes Element der Erfindung ist der Einsatz der Co-Oligomeren aus Halbestern der Maleinsäure mit ausgewählten oleophilen Alkoholen - Komponente (a) - und der Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure - Komponente (b), im folgenden der Einfachheithalber auch als (Meth)acrylsäure bezeichnet - als Hauptkomponenten. Zusätzlich können diese Co-Oligomeren untergeordnete Mengen entweder von Comonomeren mit hydrophilem Charakter und/oder von Comonomeren mit oleophilem Charakter aufweisen. Diese gegebenenfalls zusätzlichen Bestandteile des Co-Oligomeren-Moleküls sind zusammenfassend als Komponenten der Art (c) bezeichnet.The basic element of the invention is the use of the co-oligomers from half-esters of maleic acid with selected oleophilic alcohols - component (a) - and acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid - component (b), hereinafter also referred to simply as (meth) acrylic acid - as main components. In addition, these co-oligomers can have minor amounts either of comonomers with a hydrophilic character and / or of comonomers with an oleophilic character. These optional additional components of the co-oligomer molecule are collectively referred to as components of type (c).

Für die Funktion der Co-Oligomeren im erfindungsgemäßen Sinne ist entscheidend, daß ein lipophiler Anteil des Co-Oligomeren-Moleküls - die Halbester-Funktion der Maleinsäure mit oleophilen Alkoholen - verbunden ist mit den Carboxylgruppen, sowohl aus den Monomerbestandteilen zu (a) als auch zu (b).For the function of the co-oligomers in the sense according to the invention it is crucial that a lipophilic portion of the co-oligomer molecule - the half ester function of maleic acid with oleophilic alcohols - is linked to the carboxyl groups, both from the monomer components of (a) and also to (b).

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen für Co-Oligomere der erfindungsgemäßen Definition sehen vor, daß wenigstens etwa gleiche Mengen an (a) zu (b) zum Aufbau des Co-Oligomeren-Moleküls zum Einsatz kommen, wobei es aber bevorzugt ist, die Komponente (a) molmäßig im Überschuß über die Komponente (b) zum Einsatz zu bringen. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, daß ein möglichst großer Anteil an fettenden und/oder hydrophobierenden lipophilen Molekülbestandteilen in das auszurüstende Wet-end Leder eingetragen werden, andererseits liegt aber im Co-Oligomeren-Molekül eine hinreichend große Zahl freier Carboxylgruppen vor, die ja sowohl aus den Bestandteilen zu (a) wie aus den Bestandteilen zu (b) resultieren. Erfindungsgemäß wird damit die Möglichkeit geschaffen, gezielt fettende Effekte in der Faserstruktur des Leders beziehungsweise Pelzfells einzustellen, gleichzeitig steht aber eine Vielzahl von reaktiven freien Carboxylgruppen zur Interaktion mit der Hautsubstanz und/oder bereits vorliegenden oder nachträglich einzubringenden Hilfsmitteln - insbesondere mineralischen Gerbstoffen - zur Verfügung. Die angestrebte Kombination der Mehrzahl von Ausrüstungseffekten wird damit gezielt steuerbar zugänglich. Insbesondere ist eine Fixierbarkeit des Hilfsstoffs im Hautgefüge derart möglich, daß die Reinigung durch Waschen und/oder chemische Reinigungsmittel bei Erhalt der gefetteten weichen Lederstruktur zugänglich wird.Preferred embodiments for co-oligomers of the definition according to the invention provide that at least approximately equal amounts of (a) to (b) are used to build up the co-oligomer molecule, but it is preferred that the component (a) is molar in the Use excess over component (b). This ensures that a possible large proportion of fatty and / or hydrophobizing lipophilic molecule components are introduced into the wet-end leather to be finished, but on the other hand there is a sufficiently large number of free carboxyl groups in the co-oligomer molecule, which are both from the components of (a) and from Components to (b) result. According to the invention, this creates the possibility of specifically setting greasing effects in the fiber structure of the leather or fur, but at the same time there is a large number of reactive free carboxyl groups available for interaction with the skin substance and / or auxiliary agents that are already present or have to be added subsequently - in particular mineral tanning agents. The desired combination of the majority of equipment effects is thus made controllably accessible. In particular, the auxiliary substance can be fixed in the skin structure in such a way that cleaning by washing and / or chemical cleaning agents becomes accessible when the greased soft leather structure is retained.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß bevorzugte Molverhältnisse von (a) zu (b) im Bereich von etwa 1:1 bis etwa 2:1 liegen können.It has been found that preferred molar ratios of (a) to (b) can range from about 1: 1 to about 2: 1.

Zur Beschaffenheit der Comonomeren-Komponente (a) gelten die nachfolgenden Angaben: Gebildet wird diese Komponente durch Halbester der Maleinsäure mit lipophilen beziehungsweise oleophilen Alkoholen, wobei neben oder anstelle der Alkohole auch deren Alkylenoxidaddukte mit einer beschränkten und in an sich bekannter Weise der Kettenlänge der Alkohole angepaßten Zahl von Alkylenoxidresten Verwendung finden können. Einzelheiten hierzu finden sich beispielsweise in der eingangs zitierten EP 193 832. Es ist dementsprechend im Falle der gegebenenfalls im Rahmen dieser Komponente (a) eingesetzten Halbester der Maleinsäure mit niederen Alkylenoxidaddukten oleophiler Alkohole bevorzugt, die zuletzt genannten Komponenten mit maximal 6 Alkylenoxidgruppen und vorzugsweise mit bis zu 4 Alkylenoxidgruppen zu derivatisieren. Niedrigere Alkoxilierungsgrade sind bevorzugt niedrigeren Kettenlängen zugeordnet, höhere Alkoxilierungsgrade innerhalb des genannten niedrigeren Bereiches können längeren Kettenlängen zugeordnet sein. Geeignet können als Alkylenoxidgruppen insbesondere entsprechende EO-Reste sein.The following information applies to the nature of the comonomer component (a): This component is formed by half esters of maleic acid with lipophilic or oleophilic alcohols, and in addition to or instead of the alcohols, their alkylene oxide adducts also have a limited and, in a manner known per se, the chain length of the alcohols adapted number of alkylene oxide residues can be used. Details on this can be found, for example, in EP 193 832 cited at the outset. Accordingly, in the case of the half esters of maleic acid optionally used in the context of this component (a) with lower alkylene oxide adducts of oleophilic alcohols, the latter components with a maximum of 6 alkylene oxide groups and preferably with up to to derivatize to 4 alkylene oxide groups. Lower degrees of alkoxylation are preferably associated with lower chain lengths; higher degrees of alkoxylation within the lower range mentioned can be longer Chain lengths must be assigned. Corresponding EO radicals can in particular be suitable as alkylene oxide groups.

In einer wichtigen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird allerdings mit oleophilen Maleinsäure-Halbestern als Komponente (a) gearbeitet, die frei von einer solchen Alkylenoxidderivatisierung sind. Geeignet sind hier insbesondere Halbester der Maleinsäure mit geradkettigen und/oder verzweigten Alkoholen oleophilen Charakters, die wenigstens überwiegend 8 bis 10 oder mehr C-Atome im Molekül enthalten. Bevorzugt kann der Einsatz entsprechender Maleinsäure-Halbester sein, deren Alkoholreste 12 bis 24 C-Atome aufweisen, die in der Regel gesättigt sind, gewünschtenfalls wenigstens anteilsweise aber auch olefinisch 1- und/oder mehrfach ungesättigt sein können. Besonders wichtige esterbildende Fettalkohole sind entsprechende Komponenten natürlichen Ursprungs, wie sie beispielsweise durch Reduktion aus Fettsäuren natürlichen Ursprungs in an sich bekannter Weise erhalten werden. Gesättigte Fettalkohole des Bereichs von C 12 bis 18 können für die Ausbildung der monomeren Komponenten zu (a) besondere Bedeutung haben. Unter Einsatz beziehungsweise Mitverwendung dieser Komponenten werden optimierte fettende und gleichzeitig wasserabweisende Effekte erhalten.In an important embodiment of the invention, however, oleophilic maleic acid half-esters as component (a) are used which are free from such an alkylene oxide derivatization. Half-esters of maleic acid with straight-chain and / or branched alcohols of oleophilic character which contain at least predominantly 8 to 10 or more carbon atoms in the molecule are particularly suitable here. Preference can be given to using corresponding maleic acid half esters, the alcohol residues of which have 12 to 24 carbon atoms, which are generally saturated, but, if desired, can also be at least partially olefinically 1- and / or polyunsaturated. Particularly important ester-forming fatty alcohols are corresponding components of natural origin, such as are obtained, for example, by reduction from fatty acids of natural origin in a manner known per se. Saturated fatty alcohols in the range from C 12 to 18 can be of particular importance for the formation of the monomeric components to (a). By using or using these components, optimized greasy and water-repellent effects are obtained.

Es hat sich allerdings gezeigt, daß durch eine leichte Variation auch schon in den alkoholischen Resten der Monomerkomponente zu (a) wichtige andere Eigenschaften für die Verwendung der Co-Oligomeren im erfindungsgemäßen Sinne steuerbar sind. Hier ist insbesondere die Mitverwendung von verzweigtkettigen Alkoholen in beschränktem Ausmaß zu erwähnen. Der Einsatz beschränkter Mengen solcher verzweigtkettigen Alkohole fördert offenbar die Penetrationsfähigkeit des Co-Oligomeren in die Faserstruktur des auszurüstenden Hautmaterials, wobei bereits untergeordnete Mengen an verzweigten Alkoholen ausreichen, diese erwünschten Effekte auszulösen. Verzweigtkettige Alkohole können dabei auch weniger als 12 C-Atome im Molekül enthalten, wobei entsprechende Komponenten mit wenigstens 6 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise mit wenigstens 8 C-Atomen in Betracht kommen. Ein wichtiger verzweigtkettiger Alkohol, der im Zusammenhang mit der Herstellung der Maleinsäure-Halbester gemäß (a) zum Einsatz kommen kann, ist 2-Ethylhexanol. Die Menge der mitverwendeten verzweigtkettigen insbesondere kürzeren Alkohole wird allerdings immer vergleichsweise beschränkt sein. So werden in der Regel nicht mehr als 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise nicht mehr als 15 oder gar 10 Gew.-% der in (a) vorliegenden Alkoholreste durch solche verzweigtkettigen niederen Alkohole gebildet. Für das praktische Arbeiten haben sich Mengenverhältnisse von etwa 95 Gew.-% ausgeprägt oleophiler langkettiger Fettalkohole, insbesondere des Bereichs C 12 bis 18 mit etwa 5 Gew.-% eines verzweigtkettigen Alkohols vom Typ 2-Ethylhexanol als hinreichend erwiesen.However, it has been shown that a slight variation even in the alcoholic residues of the monomer component to (a) makes it possible to control other important properties for the use of the co-oligomers in the sense of the invention. The concomitant use of branched chain alcohols should be mentioned in particular to a limited extent. The use of limited amounts of such branched-chain alcohols apparently promotes the penetrability of the co-oligomer into the fiber structure of the skin material to be treated, although minor amounts of branched alcohols are sufficient to trigger these desired effects. Branched-chain alcohols can also contain fewer than 12 carbon atoms in the molecule, corresponding components with at least 6 carbon atoms, preferably with at least 8 carbon atoms, being suitable. An important branched chain alcohol that is related to its manufacture the maleic acid half ester according to (a) can be used is 2-ethylhexanol. However, the amount of branched-chain, in particular shorter, alcohols used will always be comparatively limited. As a rule, no more than 20% by weight, preferably no more than 15 or even 10% by weight, of the alcohol residues present in (a) is formed by such branched-chain lower alcohols. Quantity ratios of approximately 95% by weight of pronounced oleophilic long-chain fatty alcohols, in particular in the range C 12 to 18 with approximately 5% by weight of a branched-chain alcohol of the 2-ethylhexanol type, have proven to be sufficient for practical work.

Die Komponenten zu (a) werden in an sich bekannter Weise aus Maleinsäure-Anhydrid durch Alkoholyse mit dem jeweils gewählten hydrophoben Fettalkohol beziehungsweise Alkohol-Gemisch gewonnen.The components of (a) are obtained in a manner known per se from maleic anhydride by alcoholysis with the respectively selected hydrophobic fatty alcohol or alcohol mixture.

Die bevorzugte Monomerkomponente zu (b) ist Acrylsäure, aber auch Mischungen aus Acrylsäure und Methacrylsäure mit insbesondere überwiegenden Mengen an Acrylsäure können hier besonders in Betracht gezogen werden.The preferred monomer component for (b) is acrylic acid, but mixtures of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with, in particular, predominant amounts of acrylic acid can also be particularly considered here.

Die Co-Oligomerisation, zu deren Einzelheiten nachfolgend noch berichtet wird, wird zweckmäßigerweise so geführt, daß die entstehenden Co-Oligomeren mit mittleren Molekulargewichten (Gewichtsmittel) im Bereich von etwa 500 bis 20.000 anfallen. Besonders geeignete Co-Oligomere der geschilderten Art zeigen entsprechende mittlere Molekulargewichte des Bereichs von etwa 1.000 bis 10.000.The co-oligomerization, the details of which will be reported below, is expediently carried out in such a way that the resulting co-oligomers are obtained with average molecular weights (weight average) in the range from about 500 to 20,000. Particularly suitable co-oligomers of the type described have corresponding average molecular weights in the range from about 1,000 to 10,000.

Beim Aufbau des co-oligomeren Moleküls können gewünschtenfalls entweder zusätzlich oleophilierende Monomerkomponenten gemäß (c) und/oder zusätzliche hydrophilierende Monomerkomponenten ebenfalls gemäß (c) mitverwendet werden. Soll beispielsweise der wasserabweisende Effekt gestärkt werden, so können copolymerisierbare oleophile Monomerverbindungen - beispielsweise die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten (Meth)acrylate langkettiger Alkohole - zusätzlich zum Einsatz kommen. Andererseits kann durch Einbau weiterer Säuregruppen, beispielweise Vinylsulfonsäure und dergleichen, der Charakter der Fixierbarkeit beziehungsweise der Fähigkeit zur Nachgerbung verstärkt werden. Die erfindungsgemäßen amphiphilen Mittel enthalten allerdings in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform die gegebenenfalls mitverwendete(n) Komponente(n) (c) in vergleichsweise geringeren Gewichtsmengen - bezogen auf die Summe von (a)+(b). Insbesondere gilt diese Aussage für Co-Oligomere der geschilderten Art, die zusätzlich oleophile Komponenten (c) enthalten. In wichtigen Ausführungsformen liegt deren Gehalt bei nicht mehr als 45 Gew.-% und insbesondere bei weniger als 30 Gew.-% des Co-Oligomeren. In einer besonders wichtigen Ausführungsform werden Co-Oligomere eingesetzt, die ohne Zusatz solcher oleophiler Komponenten zu (c) hergestellt worden sind. Werden hier zusätzliche fettende und/oder hydrophobierende Zusatzeffekte gewünscht, so werden im Sinne der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre Mischungskomponenten mitverwendet, auf die im nachfolgenden noch getrennt eingegangen wird.If desired, in the construction of the co-oligomeric molecule either additional oleophilizing monomer components according to (c) and / or additional hydrophilizing monomer components according to (c) can also be used. If, for example, the water-repellent effect is to be strengthened, copolymerizable oleophilic monomer compounds - for example the (meth) acrylates of long-chain alcohols known from the prior art - can also be used. On the other hand, by incorporating further acid groups, for example vinyl sulfonic acid and the like, the character of the fixability or the ability to retanning be enhanced. In the preferred embodiment, however, the amphiphilic agents according to the invention contain the component (s) (c) which may also be used in comparatively small amounts by weight, based on the sum of (a) + (b). This statement applies in particular to co-oligomers of the type described which additionally contain oleophilic components (c). In important embodiments, their content is not more than 45% by weight and in particular less than 30% by weight of the co-oligomer. In a particularly important embodiment, co-oligomers are used which have been prepared without adding such oleophilic components to (c). If additional greasing and / or hydrophobizing additional effects are desired here, then in the sense of the teaching according to the invention, mixture components are also used, which will be dealt with separately below.

Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Co-OligomerenThe preparation of the co-oligomers to be used according to the invention

Die Herstellung der Co-Oligomeren aus (a) und (b) sowie gegebenenfalls (c) erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch wäßrige Emulsionscopolymerisation. Im einzelnen wird dabei zweckmäßigerweise wie folgt gearbeitet: Der getrennt hergestellte Maleinsäure-Halbester wird in leicht vorgewärmten Wasser erforderlichenfalls nach Aufschmelzen feinstemulgiert. Durch Alkalisierung mit insbesondere NaOH wird ein bestenfalls schwach saurer bis neutraler pH-Wert sichergestellt. Bevorzugte pH-Werte liegen im Bereich von etwa 4,5 bis 7, insbesondere 6 bis 7. Bei Temperaturen im Bereich des Siedepunkts des Wassers, üblicherweise oberhalb 90°C, wird eine wäßrige Lösung der Komponente(n) zu (b) - insbesondere Acrylsäure - zudosiert und durch gleichzeitige pH-Regulierung die Einhaltung des vorgegebenen bestenfalls schwach sauren pH-Wertes sichergestellt. Gleichzeitig wird ein Initiator für die radikalische Reaktion, insbesondere Wasserstoffperoxid, zudosiert. Nach Abschluß der üblicherweise mehrstündigen Reaktion unter Einschluß einer Nachreaktionsphase wird im wäßrigen Reaktionsmedium ein neutral bis schwach alkalischer pH-Wert eingestellt. Es können auf diese Weise pastöse Massen hergestellt werden, deren Co-Oligomer-Wertstoffgehalt beispielsweise im Bereich von etwa 30 bis 45 Gew.-% liegt und die nicht abreagierte Bestandteile nur noch in Mengen deutlich unter 1 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise unterhalb 0,5 Gew.-%, enthalten. Bevorzugte pH-Werte für das lagerstabile Produkt liegen im Bereich um pH 7 bis 8. Die pastösen Massen sind mit Wasser und/oder wäßrigen Wirkstoffabmischungen der im nachfolgenden geschilderten Art jeder Zeit aufzumischen und zum praktischen Einsatz zu bringen.The co-oligomers from (a) and (b) and, if appropriate, (c) are prepared according to the invention by aqueous emulsion copolymerization. The individual procedure is expediently carried out as follows: the separately prepared maleic acid half-ester is finely emulsified in slightly preheated water, if necessary, after melting. Alkalization with NaOH in particular ensures a weakly acidic to neutral pH at best. Preferred pH values are in the range from about 4.5 to 7, in particular 6 to 7. At temperatures in the range of the boiling point of the water, usually above 90 ° C., an aqueous solution of component (s) becomes (b) - in particular Acrylic acid - metered in and simultaneous pH regulation ensures compliance with the specified weakly acidic pH value at best. At the same time, an initiator for the radical reaction, in particular hydrogen peroxide, is metered in. After completion of the reaction, which usually lasts several hours, including a post-reaction phase, a neutral to weakly alkaline pH is set in the aqueous reaction medium. In this way, paste-like masses can be produced whose content of co-oligomers is valuable For example, it is in the range from about 30 to 45% by weight and the unreacted constituents only contain amounts significantly below 1% by weight, preferably below 0.5% by weight. Preferred pH values for the storage-stable product are in the range around pH 7 to 8. The pasty masses are to be mixed with water and / or aqueous active substance mixtures of the type described below at any time and put to practical use.

In einer wichtigen Ausführungsform werden amphiphile Mittel der geschilderten Art verwendet, bei deren Herstellung in der Stufe der wäßrigen Co-Oligiomerisation Emulgatoren mitverwendet worden sind, die beim Eintrag in insbesondere mineral-gegerbte Leder und/oder Felle eine zusätzliche Fettung beziehungsweise Hydrophobierung bewirken und bevorzugt gleichzeitig über saure Gruppen im gegerbten Leder beziehungsweise Fell fixiert werden können. Ein wichtiges Beispiel für Verbindungen dieser Art sind die eingangs genannten in Wasser emulgierbaren Sulfobernsteinsäure-Halbester, die von langkettigen Fettalkoholen und/oder ihren Alkylenoxidaddukten abstammen. Zur bestimmten Beschaffenheit der Alkohole gelten die zuvor gemachten Angaben im Zusammenhang mit den Halbestern der Maleinsäurekomponente zu (a). Ein wichtiges Beispiel für die Emulgatorenklasse der hier betroffenen Art sind C 18-Sulfosuccinat-Halbester, die im Rahmen der Co-Oligomerisation beispielsweise in Mengen von 5 bis 10 Gew.-% (wasserfreie Basis) mitverwendet werden können. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß durch den Einsatz solcher emulgatorartiger Hilfskomponenten - die an sich als Ausrüstungsmittel für die Lederfettung vorbekannt sind - in der Co-Oligomerisation im Sinne der Erfindung vorteilhafte Wirkungen erzielt werden können. Es fallen beispielsweise besonders feinstteilige wäßrigpastöse Reaktionsprodukte mit hohen Wertstoffgehalten an Co-Oligomeren an.In an important embodiment, amphiphilic agents of the type described are used, in the production of which in the stage of the aqueous co-oligomerization emulsifiers have been used which, when introduced into mineral-tanned leather and / or furs in particular, cause additional greasing or hydrophobization and preferably at the same time can be fixed via acidic groups in the tanned leather or fur. An important example of compounds of this type are the water-emulsifiable sulfosuccinic acid half-esters mentioned at the outset, which are derived from long-chain fatty alcohols and / or their alkylene oxide adducts. The statements made above in connection with the half-esters of the maleic acid component for (a) apply to the specific nature of the alcohols. An important example of the emulsifier class of the type concerned here are C 18 sulfosuccinate half esters, which can be used in the course of the co-oligomerization, for example in amounts of 5 to 10% by weight (anhydrous basis). It has been shown that by using such emulsifier-like auxiliary components - which are known per se as finishing agents for leather greasing - advantageous effects can be achieved in the co-oligomerization according to the invention. For example, particularly finely divided aqueous-pasty reaction products with high valuable content of co-oligomers are obtained.

Hilfsstoffe dieser Art müssen aber nicht als Mischungskomponenten schon im Rahmen der Co-Oligomerisation mitverwendet worden sein, sie können dem erfindungsgemäß zum Einsatz kommenden wäßrigen Wertstoffgemisch auch als Mischungskomponenten nachträglich zugesetzt werden. Als Beispiele für Verbindungstypen dieser Art seien im einzelnen hier benannt:However, auxiliaries of this type do not have to have been used as mixture components in the course of the co-oligomerization; they can also be used as the aqueous mixture of valuable substances used according to the invention Mix components are added afterwards. The following are examples of connection types of this type:

Sulfobernsteinsäure-Halbester langkettiger Fettalkohole mit insbesondere 12 bis 24 C-Atomen und/oder deren Alkylenoxidaddukten mit bevorzugt bis zu 6 Alkylenoxidresten, entsprechende Sulfobernsteinsäure-Halbester von Fettsäuremono- und/oder Diglyceriden beziehungsweise deren Alkylenoxidaddukten mit bevorzugt bis zu 6 Alkylenoxidresten bei weiterhin bevorzugter Kettenlänge der Fettsäure(n) im Bereich C₁₂₋₂₄, langkettige Sulfofettsäuren insbesondere entsprechende alpha-Sulfofettsäuren mit vorzugsweise 12 bis 24 insbesondere 16 bis 18 C-Atomen, wobei im Falle dieser alphasubstituierten Sulfofettsäuren die Kohlenwasserstoffreste üblicherweise gesättigt sind, sowie innenständige Sulfofettsäuren von olefinisch 1-und/oder mehrfach ungesättigten Carbonsäuren wie Ölsäure, Linolsäure, Linolensäure und dergleichen.Sulfosuccinic acid half-esters of long-chain fatty alcohols with in particular 12 to 24 C atoms and / or their alkylene oxide adducts with preferably up to 6 alkylene oxide residues, corresponding sulfosuccinic acid half-esters of fatty acid mono- and / or diglycerides or their alkylene oxide adducts with preferably up to 6 alkylene oxide residues with a further preferred chain length of Fatty acid (s) in the range C₁₂₋₂₄, long-chain sulfofatty acids, in particular corresponding alpha-sulfofatty acids with preferably 12 to 24, in particular 16 to 18, carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon radicals usually being saturated in the case of these alpha-substituted sulfofatty acids, and internal sulfofatty acids of olefinically 1- and / or polyunsaturated carboxylic acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and the like.

Zusammen mit den Co-Oligomeren im Sinne des erfindungsgemäßen Aufbaus können aber auch Fettungs- beziehungsweise Hydrophobierungsmittel im Sinne der Wertstoffgemische aus der eingangs zitierten EP 193 832 zum Einsatz kommen. In dieser Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden also die erfindungsgemäß definierten Co-Oligomeren aus (a) und (b) sowie gegebenenfalls (c) kombiniert mit imprägnierenden und/oder hydrophobierenden Fettungsmitteln, die Sulfobernsteinsäure-Monoester-Salze mit C₁₂₋₂₄-Fettresten in Kombination mit weiteren imprägnierenden Fettungsmitteln, ausgewählt insbesondere aus der Gruppe der oxidierten oder oxidierten und teilsulfierten C₁₈₋₂₆-Kohlenwasserstoffe oder C₃₂₋₄₀-Wachse enthalten. Andere Beispiele für diese zusätzlichen imprägnierenden Fettungsmittel sind Phosphorsäuremono-C₁₂₋₂₄-alkylester, Partialester von Polycarbonsäuren, wie Citronensäuremono-C₁₆₋₂₄-alkylester, Partialester von Polyalkoholen, wie Sorbitan-, Glycerin- oder Pentaerythrit-C₁₆₋₂₄-fettsäureester.Together with the co-oligomers in the sense of the structure according to the invention, however, fatliquoring or hydrophobicizing agents in the sense of the mixtures of materials from EP 193 832 cited at the beginning can also be used. In this embodiment of the process according to the invention, the co-oligomers of (a) and (b) and optionally (c) defined according to the invention are combined with impregnating and / or hydrophobizing fatliquors, the sulfosuccinic acid monoester salts with C₁₂₋₂₄ fat residues in combination with other impregnating fatliquoring agents, selected in particular from the group of oxidized or oxidized and partially sulfonated C₁₈₋₂₆ hydrocarbons or C₃₂₋₄₀ waxes. Other examples of these additional impregnating fatliquors are phosphoric acid mono-C₁₂₋₂₄ alkyl esters, partial esters of polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid mono-C₁₆₋₂₄ alkyl esters, partial esters of polyalcohols, such as sorbitan, glycerol or pentaerythritol C₁₆₋₂₆₋ fatty acid esters.

Beim Einsatz von solchen Wertstoffgemischen beträgt die Menge der erfindungsgemäß definierten Co-Oligomeren aus (a) und (b) sowie gegebenenfalls (c) bevorzugt wenigstens etwa 35 Gew.-% des Wertstoffgemisches und insbesondere wenigstens etwa 50 Gew.-% - auf gleiche Basis bezogen. Es kann zweckmäßig sein, wenigstens etwa 70 bis 80 Gew.-% des insgesamt in die auszurüstenden Wet-end-Leder einzubringenden Wertstoffgemisches auf Basis der erfindungsgemäßen Co-Oligomeren vorzusehen.When such mixtures of materials are used, the amount of the co-oligomers of (a) and (b) defined according to the invention and, if appropriate, is (c) preferably at least about 35% by weight of the material mixture and in particular at least about 50% by weight, based on the same basis. It may be expedient to provide at least about 70 to 80% by weight of the mixture of valuable substances to be incorporated into the wet-end leather to be finished, based on the co-oligomers according to the invention.

Der Eintrag der Co-Oligomeren über ihre Anbietungsform der wäßrigen Dispersion - beziehungsweise ihrer Abmischungen mit den genannten weiteren Komponenten - erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise - siehe hierzu insbesondere auch die Angaben der eingangs genannten Druckschriften für vergleichbare Produkte. Nur kurz sei daher zusammenfassend dargestellt:The entry of the co-oligomers via their form of supply of the aqueous dispersion - or their blends with the other components mentioned - is carried out in a manner known per se - see in particular also the information given in the publications mentioned above for comparable products. It is therefore only briefly summarized:

Die erfindungsgemäßen Co-Oligomer-Dispersionen eignen sich zur Behandlung von allen üblichen gegerbten Häuten, insbesondere entsprechendem Material, das mit Mineralgerbstoffen gegerbt worden ist. Die gegerbten Häute werden üblicherweise vor der Behandlung entsäuert. Sie können bereits vor der Behandlung gefärbt worden sein. Eine Färbung kann aber auch erst nach der erfindungsgemäß durchgeführten Behandlung vorgenommen werden.The co-oligomer dispersions according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of all customary tanned skins, in particular corresponding material which has been tanned with mineral tanning agents. The tanned hides are usually deacidified before treatment. They may have been stained before treatment. Coloring can also only be carried out after the treatment according to the invention.

Das zu imprägnierende Leder im wet-Zustand wird mit den Dispersionen in wäßriger Flotte zweckmäßig bei pH-Werten von etwa 4 bis 10, vorzugsweise bei pH 5 bis 8, und bei Temperaturen von etwa 20 bis 60°C, vorzugsweise 30 bis 50°C während eines Zeitraums bis zu einigen Stunden gegebenenfalls mehrstufig behandelt. Die Behandlung erfolgt beispielsweise durch Walken in einem Faß. Die benötigte Menge an Co-Oligomer-Dispersion beträgt üblicherweise 0,1 bis 30 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 bis 20 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Falzgewicht des Leders oder das Naßgewicht der Pelzfelle. Die Flottenlänge beträgt üblicherweise 10 bis 1.000 %, vorzugsweise 30 bis 150 %, bei Pelzfellen 50 bis 500 %.The leather to be impregnated in the wet state is advantageously mixed with the dispersions in an aqueous liquor at pH values of about 4 to 10, preferably at pH 5 to 8, and at temperatures of about 20 to 60 ° C., preferably 30 to 50 ° C. treated in several stages if necessary for a period of up to a few hours. The treatment takes place, for example, by drumming in a barrel. The required amount of co-oligomer dispersion is usually 0.1 to 30% by weight, in particular 1 to 20% by weight, based on the shaved weight of the leather or the wet weight of the fur skins. The liquor length is usually 10 to 1,000%, preferably 30 to 150%, and 50 to 500% for fur skins.

Nach Abschluß der Behandlung mit der wäßrigen Flotte wird der pH-Wert der Behandlungsflotte durch Zusatz von Säuren in den leicht sauren Bereich verschoben. Geeignet ist insbesondere der Zusatz organischer Säuren, bevorzugt Ameisensäure. Bevorzugte pH-Werte liegen im Bereich von 3 bis 5, vorzugsweise im Bereich von etwa 3,5 bis 4. Gewünschtenfalls kann eine Fixierung mit insbesondere Mineralgerbstoffen nachgeschaltet werden, wobei hier der Einsatz von Aluminiumsalzen besonders bevorzugt sein kann.After completion of the treatment with the aqueous liquor, the pH of the treatment liquor is shifted into the slightly acidic range by adding acids. The addition of organic acids, preferably formic acid, is particularly suitable. Preferred pH values are in the range from 3 to 5, preferably in the range from about 3.5 to 4. If desired, a fixation with, in particular, mineral tanning agents can be added, the use of aluminum salts being particularly preferred here.

Die nachfolgenden Beispiele beschreiben zunächst die Herstellung erfindungsgemäß geeigneter Co-Oligomerer und nachfolgend deren Einsatz zum Ausrüsten von Wet-end-Leder im erfindungsgemäßen Sinne.The following examples first describe the production of co-oligomers suitable according to the invention and subsequently their use for finishing wet-end leather in the sense of the invention.

BeispieleExamples

Im nachfolgenden wird zunächst eine allgemeine Vorschrift für die Herstellung der Oligomeren gemäß Beispiel 1 bis 6 auf Basis Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure-Fettalkohol-Halbester sowie gegebenenfalls Maleinsäure gegeben. Das Molverhältnis von Acrylsäure zu Maleinsäurederivat beträgt dabei jeweils 1:1,44. Im einzelnen gilt dabei das Folgende:
In einem Reaktionsgefäß mit Rührer, Heizung, Kühlung, Rückflußkühler, Temperaturmessung und 3 Zulaufgefäßen wird eine Mischung aus Maleinsäure-Halbester und gegebenenfalls Maleinsäureanhydrid und soviel Wasser vorgegeben, daß ein ca. 44 Gew.-%iger Reaktionsansatz vorliegt. Im einzelnen wird dabei wie folgt vorgegangen:
Im gut gerührten Reaktionsgefäß wird das Wasser vorgelegt und auf ca. 35°C erhitzt. Bei Mitverwendung von Maleinsäureanhydrid (Beispiele 1 und 2) wird diese Komponente zunächst portionsweise in solcher Rate zugegeben, daß die Innentemperatur des Reaktionsansatzes unter ca. 55°C bleibt (benötigte Zeitdauer ca. 20 Minuten; evtl. schwache Außenkühlung). Nach vollständigem Lösen des Maleinsäureanhydrids wird der - erforderlichenfalls aufgeschmolzene - Maleinsäure-Halbester zugegeben. Anschließend wird die Vorlage durch portionsweise Zugabe von NaOH-Plätzchen auf einen pH-Wert von ca. 7,0 neutralisiert. Dabei steigt die Innentemperatur auf maximal 80°C.
In the following, a general rule for the preparation of the oligomers according to Examples 1 to 6 based on acrylic acid and maleic acid / fatty alcohol half ester and optionally maleic acid is given first. The molar ratio of acrylic acid to maleic acid derivative is 1: 1.44 in each case. The following applies in detail:
In a reaction vessel with stirrer, heating, cooling, reflux condenser, temperature measurement and 3 inlet vessels, a mixture of maleic acid half-ester and optionally maleic anhydride and enough water is specified that an approximately 44% by weight reaction mixture is present. The procedure is as follows:
The water is placed in a well-stirred reaction vessel and heated to approx. 35 ° C. If maleic anhydride (Examples 1 and 2) is also used, this component is first added in portions at such a rate that the internal temperature of the reaction mixture remains below approx. 55 ° C. (time required approx. 20 minutes; possibly weak external cooling). After the maleic anhydride has completely dissolved, the maleic acid half-ester, if necessary melted, is added. The template is then neutralized by adding NaOH cookies in portions to a pH of approximately 7.0. The internal temperature rises to a maximum of 80 ° C.

Nachfolgend wird der Reaktorinhalt auf 90°C erhitzt.The reactor contents are then heated to 90 ° C.

Getrennt von dieser Reaktionsvorlage sind zuvor 3 Zulauflösungen hergestellt worden: Zulauflösung 1: Acrylsäure/Wasser (demineralisiert); Zulauflösung 2: Ammoniumperoxidisulfat/Wasser (demineralisiert); Zulauflösung 3: 35 Gew.-%iger Wasserstoffperoxid
Nach Erreichen der Temperatur im Reaktorinneren von 90°C wird mit der Zugabe der Zulauflösungen und des Starters begonnen. Dabei gilt die folgende Rahmenrezeptur:
3 feed solutions were previously prepared separately from this reaction template: feed solution 1: acrylic acid / water (demineralized); Feed resolution 2: ammonium peroxydisulfate / water (demineralized); Inlet resolution 3: 35% by weight hydrogen peroxide
After the temperature inside the reactor has reached 90 ° C., the addition of the feed solutions and the starter is started. The following general formula applies:

Vorlage:Template:

1,44 Mol (Maleinsäure-Halbester und gegebenenfalls Maleinsäureanhydrid) + soviel Wasser, daß eine 44 Gew.-%ige Mischung vorliegt
2 Mol Natriumhydroxidplätzchen
1.44 mol (maleic acid half ester and optionally maleic anhydride) + so much water that a 44% by weight mixture is present
2 moles of sodium hydroxide cookies

Zulauflösung 1:Permission resolution 1:

72 Gewichtsteile Acrylsäure (AS), ca. 1 Mol, 32 Gewichtsteile Wasser, demineralisiert72 parts by weight of acrylic acid (AS), approx. 1 mol, 32 parts by weight of water, demineralized

Zulauflösung 2:Admission resolution 2:

8 Gewichtsteile Ammoniumperoxidisulfat, gelöst in 32 Gewichtsteilen Wasser, demineralisiert8 parts by weight of ammonium peroxydisulfate, dissolved in 32 parts by weight of water, demineralized

Zulauflösung 3:Admission resolution 3:

28 Gewichtsteile 35%iges Wasserstoffperoxid
Die Zulauflösung 1 wird über einen Zeitraum von 5 Stunden gleichmäßig zugegeben. Parallel dazu werden die Zulauflösungen 2 und 3 über einen Zeitraum von 6 Stunden bei 100°C Innentemperatur gleichmäßig zugegeben - dabei kann leichter Rückfluß auftreten.
28 parts by weight of 35% hydrogen peroxide
Allowance 1 is added evenly over a period of 5 hours. At the same time, feed solutions 2 and 3 are added evenly over a period of 6 hours at an internal temperature of 100 ° C - this can cause slight reflux.

Anschließend wird das Reaktionsgemisch noch 1 Stunde bei 100°C nacherhitzt.The reaction mixture is then reheated at 100 ° C. for 1 hour.

Nach Abkühlen auf ca. 80°C wird durch vorsichtige Zugabe wäßriger 20%iger Natronlauge ein pH-Wert von ca. 7 eingestellt.After cooling to about 80 ° C., a pH of about 7 is set by carefully adding aqueous 20% sodium hydroxide solution.

Es fallen jeweils beige-pastöse Endprodukte an, deren Trockenrückstand (IR-Trocknungswaage, 150°C) bestimmt wird.In each case beige-pasty end products are obtained, the dry residue (IR drying balance, 150 ° C) is determined.

Zu den im nachfolgenden tabellarisch zugefaßten Beispielen 1 bis 6 gelten - soweit erforderlich - die folgenden Besonderheiten:

  • Beispiel 1: Als Reaktionskomponente auf Basis Maleinsäure wird ein Gemisch auf Basis Maleinsäureanhydrid (MSA) und Maleinsäureanhydrid-Halbester (MSA-Halbester) eingesetzt. Der Halbester ist durch Umsetzung der entsprechenden Menge MSA mit C₁₂-Fettalkohol hergestellt worden.
  • Beispiel 2: Auch hier wird ein Gemisch von MSA/MSA-Halbester eingesetzt. Der Halbester ist das Umsetzungsprodukt des MSA mit C₁₆-Fettalkohol. Das angefallene Oligomere ist zunächst klumpig, erst nach Stehen über Nacht und Erwärmen liegt eine homogene Reaktionsmasse vor.
  • Beispiel 3: Der MSA-Halbester ist ein Mischprodukt auf Basis der Alkoholkomponenten C16/18-Fettalkoholgemisch und 2-Ethylhexanol (2-EHOH), zum Mengenverhältnis siehe die nachfolgende Tabelle. Das Reaktionsgemisch ist während der Reaktion stark klumpig und wird wegen seiner hohen Viskosität nachträglich mit Wasser verdünnt.
  • Beispiel 4: Der wäßrige Maleinsäure-Halbester-Ansatz entspricht in seiner Beschaffenheit dem Ansatz des Beispiels 3, zusätzlich wird diesem Reaktionsansatz jedoch C₁₈-Sulfosucsinat-Halbester als Emulgator zugesetzt. Es fällt ein stark viskoses, aber homogenes Reaktionsprodukt an.
  • Beispiel 5: Als Reaktionskomponente auf Maleinsäurebasis wird der Halbester mit C₁₂-Fettalkohol - ohne Zusatz von MSA - verwendet.
  • Beispiel 6: Die Reaktionskomponente auf MSA-Halbesterbasis ist das in der nachfolgenden Tabelle identifizierte Gemisch aus den Halbestern auf Basis C16/18-Fettalkohole und 2-Ethylhexanol (2-EHOH); in Abweichung von Beispiel 3 wird hier jedoch von Anfang an in der Vorlage mit der doppelten Menge an Wasser gearbeitet. Dabei fällt ein Reaktionsprodukt an, das sich nach 24 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur in 2 Phasen trennt.
Figure imgb0001
Where necessary, the following special features apply to Examples 1 to 6, tabulated below:
  • Example 1: A mixture based on maleic anhydride (MA) and maleic anhydride half-ester (MA-half ester) is used as the reaction component based on maleic acid. The half ester has been prepared by reacting the appropriate amount of MSA with C₁₂ fatty alcohol.
  • Example 2: A mixture of MSA / MSA half esters is also used here. The half ester is the reaction product of the MSA with C₁₆ fatty alcohol. The oligomer obtained is initially lumpy, and only after standing overnight and warming is there a homogeneous reaction mass.
  • Example 3: The MSA half ester is a mixed product based on the alcohol components C 16/18 -fatty alcohol mixture and 2-ethylhexanol (2-EHOH), for the quantitative ratio see the table below. The reaction mixture is very lumpy during the reaction and is subsequently diluted with water because of its high viscosity.
  • Example 4: The aqueous maleic acid half ester approach corresponds in its nature to the approach of Example 3, but additionally this reaction mixture is added C₁₈-sulfosucsinate half ester as an emulsifier. A highly viscous but homogeneous reaction product is obtained.
  • Example 5: As a reaction component based on maleic acid, the half ester with C₁₂ fatty alcohol - without the addition of MA - is used.
  • Example 6: The reaction component based on MAA half esters is the mixture of the half esters based on C 16/18 fatty alcohols and 2-ethylhexanol (2-EHOH) identified in the table below; in deviation from Example 3, however, from the start, twice the amount of water is used in the template. This produces a reaction product that separates into two phases after 24 hours at room temperature.
Figure imgb0001

Unter Einsatz von Oligomerverbindungen der erfindungsgemäßen Definition werden Chrom-Lederproben mit den erfindungsgemäßen Oligomeren unter den Arbeitsbedingungen der nachfolgenden Beispiele 7 bis 11 behandelt.Using oligomer compounds of the definition according to the invention, chrome leather samples are treated with the oligomers according to the invention under the working conditions of Examples 7 to 11 below.

Beispiel 7Example 7

Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0003

Beispiel 8Example 8

Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0004

Beispiel 9Example 9

Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0006

Beispiel 10Example 10

Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0008

Beispiel 11Example 11

Figure imgb0009
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Figure imgb0010
Figure imgb0010

In den tabellarisch zusammengefaßten Beispielen 7 bis 11 werden jeweils als Oligomer der Erfindung die Produkte der erfindungsgemäßen Definition aus den Beispielen 1, 4 und 5 eingesetzt. In allen Fällen werden weiche, geschmeidige und gut gefüllte Leder erhalten, die einen angenehmen Griff zeigen und sich durch hohe Narbenfestigkeit auszeichnen.In Examples 7 to 11, which are summarized in a table, the products of the definition according to the invention from Examples 1, 4 and 5 are used as oligomers of the invention. In all cases, soft, supple and well-filled leathers are obtained, which have a pleasant grip and are characterized by high grain resistance.

Die Muster können sowohl der wäßrig-tensidischen Wäsche (30°C) als der chemischen Reinigung unterworfen werden, ohne eine nachhaltige Schädigung der Produkteigenschaften auszulösen. Selbst nach mehrmalig wiederholten Reinigungsschritten der angegebenen Art ist keine nachhaltige Versteifung des Ledermaterials festzustellen.The samples can be subjected to both aqueous-surfactant washing (30 ° C) and chemical cleaning without causing lasting damage to the product properties. Even after repeated repetitive cleaning steps of the specified type, no lasting stiffening of the leather material can be determined.

Claims (15)

  1. The use of aqueous dispersions of co-oligomers from the radial-initiated aqueous emulsion copolymerization at a mildly acidic to neutral pH of
    (a) semiesters of maleic acid with oleophilic alcohols and/or lower alkylene oxide adducts thereof and
    (b) acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid
    as principal components which may also contain
    (c) small quantities of other hydrophilic and/or oleophilic comonomers in the oligomer molecule
    as amphiphilic preparations for the washing- and dry-cleaning-resistant oiling of leather and skins.
  2. The use claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous dispersions of the amphiphilic preparations may be used for the treatment of mineral-tanned leather and/or skins and, in this case, may also be used as retanning agents.
  3. The use claimed in claims 1 and 2, characterized in that co-oligomers with molar ratios of (a) to (b) of 1:1 to 2:1 are used.
  4. The use claimed in claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the co-oligomers used contain as component (a) semiesters of maleic acid with linear and/or branched oleophilic alcohols which at least predominantly contain 8 to 10 or more carbon atoms and preferably 12 to 24 carbon atoms in the molecule and which are optionally derivatized with up to 6 lower alkylene oxide groups, more particularly with 1 to 4 EO groups.
  5. The use claimed in claims 1 to 4, characterized in that amphiphilic preparations are used which contain as component(s) (a) in the co-oligomer maleic acid semi-esters from the reaction of maleic anhydride with a mixture of linear fatty alcohols containing at least 8 carbon atoms, preferably C₁₂₋₁₈ fatty alcohols, and small quantities of branched alcohols, the branched alcohols also containing less than 12 carbon atoms in the molecule and component(s) (a) preferably having been subjected to aqueous co-oligomerization with acrylic acid as component (b).
  6. The use claimed in claims 1 to 5, characterized in that amphiphilic preparations are used of which component (a) consists of a mixture of semiesters of maleic acid with fatty alcohols of natural origin containing at least 12 carbon atoms and branched alcohols containing at least 6 carbon atoms, preferably at least 8 carbon atoms, the branched alcohols preferably making up no more than 15% by weight and, in particular, no more than 10% by weight of the alcohol radicals present in total in (a).
  7. The use claimed in claims 1 to 6, characterized in that amphiphilic preparations are used in which the content of oleophilic components (c) makes up 45% by weight and preferably less than 30% by weight of the co-oligomer, co-oligomers which have been produced without any addition of oleophilic components (c) being used in one important embodiment.
  8. The use claimed in claims 1 to 7, characterized in that aqueous dispersions of co-oligomers having average molecular weights of 500 to 20,000 and preferably in the range from about 1,000 to 10,000 are used.
  9. The use claimed in claims 1 to 8, characterized in that aqueous dispersions of the amphiphilic preparations which have been prepared as follows are used:
    initial introduction of an aqueous, mildly acidic to neutral emulsion of the maleic acid semiester, initiation of the radical reaction with slow addition of the acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and, optionally, component(s) (c), the pH being adjusted continuously or at intervals to a value within the range mentioned, and final adjustment of a neutral to mildly alkaline pH value in the end product.
  10. The use claimed in claims 1 to 9, characterized in that amphiphilic preparations are used which have been produced, particularly at the aqueous co-oligomerization stage, using emulsifiers which, on introduction into mineral-tanned leathers and/or skins, develop an additional oiling effect and, preferably at the same time, can be fixed in the tanned leather or skin via acidic groups.
  11. The use claimed in claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, after their introduction into the leather and/or skins to be treated, the co-oligomers are fixed therein by an aftertreatment, more particularly with mineral tanning agents.
  12. Aqueous dispersions of amphiphilic co-oligomers of
    (a) semiesters of maleic acid with oleophilic alcohols and/or lower alkylene oxide adducts thereof,
    (b) acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and optionally
    (c) other hydrophilic and/or oleophilic comonomers,
    in which the molar ratios of (a) to (b) are from 1:1 to 2:1 and which contain the optional component(s) (c) in relatively small quantities by weight, based on the sum of (a) + (b), are adjusted to neutral to mildly basic pH values and, in particular, are formulated as water-dilutable aqueous pastes with useful-material contents in the range from about 30 to 50% by weight.
  13. Aqueous co-oligomer dispersions as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that they additionally contain low molecular weight oiling agents for leather which contain an oleophilic hydrocarbon radical preferably containing at least 8 to 10 carbon atoms together with at least one acid group in the molecule and which are preferably assigned to the following classes:
    sulfosuccinic acid semiesters of long-chain fatty alcohols with, in particular, 12 to 24 carbon atoms and/or alkylene oxide adducts thereof preferably containing up to 6 alkylene oxide groups,
    sulfosuccinic acid semiesters of fatty acid monoglycerides and/or diglycerides or alkylene oxide adducts thereof preferably containing up to 6 alkylene oxide groups, the fatty acid(s) preferably having a chain length of C₁₂ to C₂₄,
    long-chain sulfofatty acids, more particularly C₁₂₋₂₄ α-sulfofatty acids,
    internal sulfonates of monoolefinically and/or polyolefinically unsaturated fatty acids containing at least 12 and preferably 16 to 24 carbon atoms.
  14. Aqueous co-oligomer dispersions as claimed in claims 12 and 13, characterized in that they additionally contain other impregnating and/or hydrophobicizing leather oiling agents, a preferred active-substance mixture of this type being based on the following components:
    sulfosuccinic acid semiesters with C₁₂₋₂₄ fatty residues in combination with compounds from the group of oxidized or oxidized and partly sulfonated C₁₈₋₂₆ hydrocarbons or C₃₂₋₄₀ waxes, phosphoric acid mono-C₁₂₋₂₄-alkyl esters, partial esters of polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid mono-C₁₈₋₂₄-alkyl esters, partial esters of polyalcohols, such as sorbitan, glycerol or pentaerythritol C₁₈₋₂₄ fatty acid esters.
  15. Aqueous co-oligomer dispersions as claimed in claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the co-oligomers of components (a) and (b) according to the invention make up at least about 35% by weight and preferably at least the predominant part of the impregnating and/or hydrophobicizing useful materials in the corresponding useful-material mixtures of the aqueous dispersions.
EP92917518A 1991-09-03 1992-08-24 Aqueous dispersions of novel amphiphilic co-oligomers for imparting a washing and cleaning-resistant finish to leather and pelts and their use Expired - Lifetime EP0602071B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4129244A DE4129244A1 (en) 1991-09-03 1991-09-03 AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS OF NEW AMPHIPHILE CO-OLIGOMERS FOR THE WASHING AND CLEANING-RESISTANT FATTY EQUIPMENT OF LEATHER AND FUR SKINS AND THEIR USE
DE4129244 1991-09-03
PCT/EP1992/001938 WO1993005188A1 (en) 1991-09-03 1992-08-24 Aqueous dispersions of novel amphiphilic co-oligomers for imparting a washing and cleaning-resistant finish to leather and pelts and their use

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DE4400507A1 (en) * 1994-01-12 1995-07-13 Henkel Kgaa Leather greasing agents
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DE4405205A1 (en) * 1994-02-18 1995-08-24 Henkel Kgaa New leather greasing agents and their use
DE19516963A1 (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-14 Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh Process for the treatment of hides, skins, leathers and furs with tensides to improve the water repellency effect and to adjust qualitatively different wet blue materials
DE19516961A1 (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-28 Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh Process for waterproofing leather at low pH values and leather produced therewith
DE19609789A1 (en) * 1996-03-13 1997-09-18 Henkel Kgaa Process for the preparation of co-oligomers and their use in the finishing of leather
DE19612986A1 (en) * 1996-04-01 1997-10-02 Basf Ag Use of copolymers based on ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, lower olefins and hydrophobic comonomers for retanning, greasing or hydrophobicizing leather and fur skins
DE19625984C2 (en) * 1996-06-28 1999-07-29 Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh Aqueous polymer dispersions, process for their preparation and their use in leather production
DE19636494C2 (en) * 1996-09-09 2000-11-16 Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh Low-monomer, amine-free polymers, processes for their preparation and their use in the production of low-fogging leather
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US8816029B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2014-08-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Compositions and articles comprising polymerizable ionic liquid mixture, and methods of curing
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DE3931039A1 (en) * 1989-09-16 1991-03-28 Basf Ag USE OF COPOLYMERISATS BASED ON LONG-CHAIN UNSATURATED ESTERS AND ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBONIC ACIDS FOR THE HYDROPHOBICATION OF LEATHER AND FUR SKINS

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JP3295080B2 (en) 2002-06-24
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JPH06510083A (en) 1994-11-10
MX9205019A (en) 1993-04-01
ATE119208T1 (en) 1995-03-15

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