EP0600525B1 - Process and installation for drying or heating pourable materials - Google Patents

Process and installation for drying or heating pourable materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0600525B1
EP0600525B1 EP93120770A EP93120770A EP0600525B1 EP 0600525 B1 EP0600525 B1 EP 0600525B1 EP 93120770 A EP93120770 A EP 93120770A EP 93120770 A EP93120770 A EP 93120770A EP 0600525 B1 EP0600525 B1 EP 0600525B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
pipe
flame
burner
burning
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EP93120770A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0600525A2 (en
EP0600525A3 (en
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U Ammann Maschinenfabrik AG
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U Ammann Maschinenfabrik AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
    • F26B11/028—Arrangements for the supply or exhaust of gaseous drying medium for direct heat transfer, e.g. perforated tubes, annular passages, burner arrangements, dust separation, combined direct and indirect heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/14—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge
    • F27B7/16—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means
    • F27B7/161—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means the means comprising projections jutting out from the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/34—Arrangements of heating devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the claim 1 and an apparatus for performing the method according to claim 4.
  • DE-A 38 15 104 describes a device for drying of free-flowing material, as is particularly the case in asphalt production is required for production temperatures of 180 up to 400 ° C.
  • the known device had a rotating powered firing drum, which by a burner flame was heated in the middle. Such an arrangement is also called Called rotary kiln.
  • the holding fixtures consisted of z-shaped bends Tabs, which have a tab foot on a pipe inner wall were attached.
  • EP-A 0 030 403 describes a method for drying and Calcination of bulk material, especially aluminum fluoride trihydrate known.
  • keyword “calcining” is the heating of solid materials (burning) understood to a certain degree of decomposition, whereby e.g. B. with soda, gypsum and other substances, the water of crystallization is removed in whole or in part. By calcining you get possibly also active substances.
  • Calcining is a chemical process during the drying process of the invention purely physically is. To underline the chemical process noted that the inner wall of the outer tube with was lined with a high-clay ramming paste. The invention does not require a special material application on the pipe wall, which are involved in a chemical process. The The method of EP-A 0 030 403 is thus that of the invention alien to the species.
  • the object of the invention is to dry free-flowing Material for asphalt production a combustion with high thermal efficiency at low Emissions without risk of overheating of the drum create.
  • the burner flame Due to the preferred design of the free firing drum end with a conical intake, the burner flame shaped so that a return and swirl of combustion gases for even better combustion he follows.
  • the device 1 shown in FIG . 1 for drying and mixing free-flowing material 2 works in the so-called counter-current mode, ie the material 2 to be dried is introduced on the right-hand side in FIG. 1 with a conveyor belt 3 and then runs first against the hot flame exhaust gases and then on the jacket of a tube 25a heated by the flame gases 5 to the material outlet 7.
  • the material 2 travels through a pre-drum 9 , which has three rows of spreading vanes 6 on its inner wall, from which it is then transferred via transfer elements 8 ( FIG. 5 ) which are inclined to the pre-drum axis at location 10 to the firing drum 11 shown in broken lines.
  • the transfer elements 8 are arranged on heat shielding plates 12 as heat shielding elements which are intended to keep the heat of the burner flame away from the outer tube 25b of the firing drum 11 .
  • the material 2 is lifted up by the spreading vanes 6 and falls as a curtain through the hot exhaust gases generated by the burner flame 5 .
  • the inner (first) tube 25a has a smooth inner surface without any internals.
  • the pre-drum 9 and the outer 25b of the two tubes 25a and 25b are connected to one another and are rotatably supported on two races 17a and 17b , which are driven by two electric motors 19a and 19b .
  • the preturret 9 at the place of entry material by the conveyor belt 3 is also inclined to the wall of the preturret 9 arranged on Kochleitmaschine.
  • the device 1 is mounted on a frame 20 in such a way that the axes 23a and 23b of the pre-drum 9 and the burning drum 11 are aligned with one another and from the burner arrangement 13 to the conveyor belt 3 towards the horizontal storage plane 22 of the device obliquely upwards, preferably at 4 °, are inclined.
  • the tube 25a is drawn conically inwards at its opposite free end region 21 , preferably starting after 80% to 90%, here at 90% of the firing drum length.
  • the conical end region 21 which is drawn inwards to 90% of the original diameter, serves to reduce the flame diameter in the flame tip, so that combustion gases can be recirculated and swirled, in particular with the supply air 52 described below, for even better combustion.
  • the retracted, annular end region 21 gives the tube 25a , which is heavily loaded by the heating of the burner flame 5 , a high mechanical strength; this also retains spray material from the pre-drum 9 .
  • the flame length is set so that it does not protrude into the trickle curtain at the end of the drum.
  • the flame preferably ends within the tube 25a .
  • the inner tube 25a of the firing drum 11 with an inner diameter of 2 m and a tube length of 3 m, these details only showing embodiments, rests on a plurality of radial rings 24 , one of which is shown in FIG. 2 and two in FIG. 4 .
  • the inner tube 25a rests on the rings 24 and can therefore shift, in particular in the axial direction, due to thermal expansions.
  • the rings 24 have a T-shaped radial cross-sectional profile.
  • Each ring 24 is supported against the outer tube 25b by four tubular supports 27 standing radially thereon . One end of each support 27 is welded to the inner jacket of the outer tube 25b .
  • the end of the support opposite the welded end is cut, the width and depth of cut being selected such that the central T-leg of the ring 24 lies with play.
  • Four equally spaced flanges 18 are now welded to the outer jacket of the end region of the inner tube 25a which is adjacent to the burner base and which have two through holes, the spacing of which is selected such that a U-shaped clamping bracket 28 can be pushed through with its legs. These legs are threaded. The distance between the legs is larger by a tolerance than the diameter of the supports 27 . With these clamping brackets 28 , the supports 27 , as shown in FIG. 4 , are now connected to the flanges 18 .
  • the power transmission for the inner tube 25a takes place via the welds of the four supports 27 on the inner jacket of the outer tube 25b , via the supports 27 , the clamping bracket 28 and the flanges 18 to the inner tube 25a .
  • the inner tube 25a is only attached to its end adjacent to the burner base, free axial thermal expansion can take place, especially since the outer jacket of the inner tube 25a can slide freely on the roof leg of the T-profile. Radial tension is avoided by the possibility of movement of the slotted end of the support on the central T-leg of the ring 24 .
  • the supports 27 do not impede the transport of material between the two tubes 25a and 25b .
  • the blading 35a / 35b (holding fittings) for taking the material 2 with it during the revolutions of the firing drum 11 is arranged.
  • the blading 35a / 35b holding fittings for taking the material 2 with it during the revolutions of the firing drum 11 is arranged.
  • two different blades 33a and 33b are used for the material transport. The material remains in the blades 33a and 33b up to approximately a sliding angle ⁇ of 60 °.
  • the amount of difference in phantom in Figure 2 illustrated 35a, 35b schematically indicates the amount of material which falls out during the rotary movement of the blades 33a and 33b and to which the flame 5 side facing away from the inner tube 25a is falling and cools this absorption of heat by the material of the second
  • the material 2 still remaining in the culmination location (vertically above the axis 23b of the firing drum 11 ) of the rotary movement in the blades 33a and 33b then trickles down on the left side of the tube and also cools it.
  • a single blade 35a or 35b is not arranged over the entire length of a tube 25b along its surface line, but is divided into a plurality, preferably three, longitudinal blade parts.
  • the divided pieces are arranged radially offset one behind the other. This dislocation prevents warping in the event of a rapid increase in temperature, as is provided by the low heat capacity, and additionally high mechanical stability can be achieved.
  • the blades described above and also the blades described below are made of solid sheet steel and have no openings. This is to ensure that a defined sliding out of the material 2 from the blades 35a and 35b is achieved, the material 2 then glides along the pipe wall in question in order to cool it under its own heating with thorough mixing.
  • a temperature-resistant steel alloy e.g. Inconell 800
  • Inconell 800 a temperature-resistant steel alloy
  • the one or more pipes 25a and 25b and other assemblies were heated on any heat-storing material, such as. B. chamotte waived in order to obtain a very fast heating-up time of a few minutes for the device. As a result of these rapid heating-up times, even small amounts of material can be processed for special application conditions.
  • the flame diameter in the firing drum is adjusted via the structural shape of the burner nozzle or nozzles and the components surrounding them in such a way that it is between 30% and 90%, preferably between 50% and 85% of the inner drum diameter. At full load of the device, 85% is reached.
  • the diameter of the flame 5 is understood to mean that part in which the combustion takes place and which is so hot that it lights up.
  • FIG. 8 shows in particular the supply of air necessary for the combustion.
  • the combustion air 51 - not to be confused with the leak and supply air 52 - is drawn in with a fan 53 and consists of fresh air 55 .
  • Leakage air is understood to mean an air entry into the device 1 through gaps and in particular through the material inlet and outlet 7 . The influence of the leakage air is not discussed further.
  • so-called “blue smoke” 57 can be added to the fresh air 55 .
  • the "Blue Smoke” is mostly blue-colored, usually organic vapors, which are produced during asphalt production due to its evaporation and are extracted by suction hoods.
  • the "Blue Smoke”, as described below, is preferably also burned in the burner arrangement, which means that separate removal, for. B. by washing, etc. unnecessary.
  • the different paths of combustion air 51 and supply air 52 are highlighted by different hatching in FIG. 8 .
  • the flow of fresh air 55 or "blue smokes" 57 is adjusted via actuators 59 or 60 for an optimal combustion process.
  • a further optimization, also with a view to low-emission gases, takes place in the burner arrangement 13 by a controlled division of the combustion air 51 into a primary air flow 63 (closer hatching) and a secondary air flow 64 .
  • the primary air flow 63 is introduced into the burner chamber 42 , enclosing a fuel nozzle 65 through which the fuel 67 is introduced.
  • the flow of the primary air flow 63 is adjusted with an actuator 69 so that the fuel combustion in the burner chamber 42 takes place in the burner flame 5 in an inner region 71 with little oxygen.
  • the secondary air 64 is introduced coaxially outward around the primary air 63 into the burner chamber 42 . It is set with an actuator 73 such that fuel combustion takes place in an outer, oxygen-rich area 75 .
  • the supply air 52 can be loaded in particular with gaseous and dusty as well as with liquid and semi-liquid binders and also with material dust from a drying drum (recycling drum) in which asphalt is processed.
  • the supplied supply air 52 also serves to cool the inner tube 25a in order to prevent it from overheating.
  • the supply air flow and the output of the burner arrangement 13 can be set independently of one another, since the supply air is fed separately to the combustion air.
  • the binder contained in the supply air is afterburned or decomposed by the radiant heat of the burner flame 5 and by the hot inner wall of the tube 25a .
  • the burner flame is set such that the burner drum 11 experiences a burner chamber load of between 0.5 MW / m 3 and 3 MW / m 3 , preferably between 0.8 MW / m 3 and 1.5 MW / m 3 .
  • the device 1 described here is operated under the following typical, but only exemplary, data:
  • the exhaust gas flow (raw gases) of device 1 is 21,400 normal cubic meters per hour (h) with an oxygen content of 9.8% and an excess air ratio (lambda) of 1.83.
  • the exhaust gases (raw gases) contain - corrected for dry air and converted to a 17% oxygen content - 8 mg / m 3 volatile organic compounds (VOC), 14 mg / m 3 carbon monoxide (CO) and 29 mg / m 3 nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ).
  • a slot 34 is located between the inside of the tube 25a and one that closes the tube 25a at the burner base Heat shield 36 available.
  • the slot height results from the grain size of the material which sporadically enters the tube 25a plus a tolerance and is approximately 60 mm. Larger material particles cannot get into the pipe 25a due to the axial position of the firing and pre-drums 11 and 9 .
  • the material particles within the tube 25a are moved towards the slot 34 due to its rotation, gravity and the inclination of the tube axis 23b , then fall through a channel 38 between a fixed firing drum end wall 40a and a reinforcing inner tube 25a rotating with the firing drum 11 , Pipe reinforcement 40b running perpendicular to the pipe axis (heat shield 36 and firing drum end wall 40a do not rotate).
  • the channel 38 opens into the material outlet 7 .
  • there is a negative pressure in the burner chamber 42 with respect to the surroundings virtually no dust that hinders the combustion of the burner flame 5 penetrates from the material outlet 7 .
  • a seal which allows the material particles to pass through but blocks dust can thus be dispensed with in the channel 38 .
  • continuous blades can also be used.
  • the spreading vanes can also be arranged analogously.
  • the variant of a firing drum 39 shown in FIG. 3 can also be used.
  • longitudinal blades 43a and 43b are arranged on the inner as well as on the outer tube 41a and 41b .
  • the firing drum 39 shows poorer material mixing and a more uneven heating of the material compared to the firing drum 11 .
  • This firing drum 39 is also more complex to manufacture.
  • the inner tube 41a cannot be installed and removed as easily as in the burning drum 11 described above.
  • a holder as indicated in the cross section outlined in FIG. 7 , can also be used.
  • the ring 24 is dispensed with in this tube holder.
  • the supports 45 which are now used are mushroom-shaped, the top of the mushroom cap 47 being adapted to the curvature of the outer wall of the inner tube 25a .
  • the column foot is welded to the inside of the outer tube 25b .
  • Six supports 45 are preferably arranged over the tube circumference. A row of supports is arranged in the middle of the pipe and one in the area of the free pipe end.
  • the outer wall of the inner tube 25a lies with a clearance fit on the top of the mushroom hats 47 of the supports 45 , as a result of which, as already explained above, the inner tube 25a can be easily installed and removed.
  • these punctiform support locations result in the inner tube being braced in relation to the outer tube, but this does not interfere any further and does not pose any strength problems either; ie the ideal cylindrical shape mainly of the inner tube is transformed into a "polished" hexagon.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The device (1) for drying and/or heating pourable material for asphalt production has a rotatable burning drum (11) which has holding structures for the material to be dried and rearranged. The burning drum (11) has, arranged coaxially with the burning drum axis (23b), a cylindrical, first pipe (25a) which surrounds the burner flame radially and axially and the inner wall of which is smooth and without internal structures in the flame region. As the casing of the inner pipe (25a) of the burning drum (11) is closed and the material is situated only on the outer casing thereof, i.e. the burner interior is separated from the material by the pipe wall, the burner interior with the burner flame is dust-free. As a result, the combustion process, which is low in harmful substances, is optimum and easy to control. By means of the smooth inner wall of the inner pipe (25a), sporadically introduced (sprayed-in) spray material from the pre-drum (9) or the transition (10) to the burning drum (11) is separated again through a coaxial slot at the pipe end. In addition, the combustion is not impaired by this small amount of spray material. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäß dem Patentanspruch 1 und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß dem Patentanspruch 4.The invention relates to a method according to the claim 1 and an apparatus for performing the method according to claim 4.

In der DE-A 38 15 104 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von rieselfähigem Material, wie es insbesondere in der Asphaltherstellung benötigt wird, für Produktionstemperaturen von 180 bis 400°C beschrieben. Die bekannte Vorrichtung hatte eine drehend angetriebene Brenntrommel, welche durch eine Brennerflamme mittig beheizt wurde. Eine derartige Anordnung wird auch als Drehofen bezeichnet. Innerhalb der Brenntrommel waren Halteeinbauten (Beschaufelung) angeordnet, mit denen das Material unter Durchmischung und Erwärmung um die Brennerflamme herum transportiert wurde. Die Halteeinbauten bestanden aus z-förmig gebogenen Laschen, welche mit einem Laschenfuß an einer Rohrinnenwandung befestigt waren. Die Zwischenräume der äußeren Laschenfüsse waren mit ebenen, sich überlappenden Platten derart überbrückt, daß auf der Verbindung der beiden Laschenfüsse und auf der Rohrwandung liegendes Material nur während der Abwärtsbewegung auf den Platten gleitet, ohne durch die Brennerflamme zu fallen. Fiel Material auf die der Brennerflamme zugewandten Halteeinbauten, so verblieb es im Brenntrommelgrund. Materialstaub drang ebenfalls in die Brennerflamme ein und beeinflußte den Verbrennungsvorgang. Über die Zuführung von Verbrennungsluft machte die DE-A 38 15 104 keinerlei Angaben.DE-A 38 15 104 describes a device for drying of free-flowing material, as is particularly the case in asphalt production is required for production temperatures of 180 up to 400 ° C. The known device had a rotating powered firing drum, which by a burner flame was heated in the middle. Such an arrangement is also called Called rotary kiln. There were holding fixtures inside the firing drum (Blading) arranged with which the material under Mixing and heating are transported around the burner flame has been. The holding fixtures consisted of z-shaped bends Tabs, which have a tab foot on a pipe inner wall were attached. The spaces between the outer plate feet were bridged with flat, overlapping plates, that on the connection of the two bracket feet and on material lying on the pipe wall only during the downward movement slides on the plates without going through the burner flame fall. Material fell on the burner flame Holding fixtures, it remained in the bottom of the firing drum. Material dust also entered the burner flame and influenced the combustion process. About the supply of combustion air DE-A 38 15 104 made no information.

Aus der US-A 2 421 345 ist eine weitere Vorrichtung zur Mischung bitumöser Materialien bekannt. Das innere, den Brenner umgebende Rohr war feststehend und drehte nicht mit. Das zu mischende Material wurde mit Halteeinrichtungen auf dem Außenmantel des Rohres herumgeschoben, was nur mit einem hohen Kraftaufwand geschehen konnte.Another mixing device is known from US Pat. No. 2,421,345 known bituminous materials. The inside, the burner surrounding pipe was stationary and did not turn. The one to be mixed Material was with holding devices on the outer jacket pushed the tube around, which only with a lot of effort could happen.

Aus der EP-A 0 030 403 ist ein Verfahren zum Trocknen und Calzinieren von Schüttgut, insbesondere Aluminiumfluorid-Trihydrat bekannt. Gemäß RÖMPP CHEMIE LEXIKON, Band 2 A-Cl, 1989, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York, Stichwort "Calcinieren" wird hierunter die Erhitzung fester Materialien (Brennen) bis zu einem bestimmten Zersetzungsgrad verstanden, wodurch z. B. bei Soda, Gips und anderen Stoffen das Kristallwasser ganz oder teilweise entfernt wird. Durch Calcinieren erhält man ggf. auch Aktivstoffe.EP-A 0 030 403 describes a method for drying and Calcination of bulk material, especially aluminum fluoride trihydrate known. According to RÖMPP CHEMIE LEXIKON, Volume 2 A-Cl, 1989, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York, keyword "calcining" is the heating of solid materials (burning) understood to a certain degree of decomposition, whereby e.g. B. with soda, gypsum and other substances, the water of crystallization is removed in whole or in part. By calcining you get possibly also active substances.

Beim Calcinieren handelt es sich um einen chemischen Vorgang, während der Trocknungsvorgang der Erfindung rein physikalisch ist. Zur Unterstreichung des chemischen Verfahrens sei darauf hingewiesen, daß die Innenwandung des äußeren Rohres mit einer tonerdereichen Stampfmasse ausgekleidet war. Die Erfindung benötigt keinen besonderen Materialauftrag auf die Rohrwandung, welche an einem chemischen Vorgang beteiligt sind. Das Verfahren der EP-A 0 030 403 ist somit zu demjenigen der Erfindung gattungsfremd.Calcining is a chemical process during the drying process of the invention purely physically is. To underline the chemical process noted that the inner wall of the outer tube with was lined with a high-clay ramming paste. The invention does not require a special material application on the pipe wall, which are involved in a chemical process. The The method of EP-A 0 030 403 is thus that of the invention alien to the species.

Bei der EP-A 0 030 403 war das den Brennerraum umschließende innere Rohr starr mit dem äußeren Rohr verbunden. In dem Zwischenraum zwischen beiden Rohren war die Beschaufelung zum Mischen und Bewegen des rieselfähigen Materials angeordnet. Mit einem einzigen Luftstrom um den Brenner herum wurde die Verbrennungsluft zugeführt.In EP-A 0 030 403 this was the burner room enclosing inner tube rigidly connected to the outer tube. The blading was in the space between the two pipes arranged for mixing and moving the free-flowing material. With a single stream of air around the burner the combustion air supplied.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei der Trocknung von rieselfähigem Material für die Asphaltherstellung eine Verbrennung mit einem hohen wärmetechnischen Wirkungsgrad bei geringem Schadstoffausstoß ohne Gefahr einer Brenntrommelüberhitzung zu schaffen.The object of the invention is to dry free-flowing Material for asphalt production a combustion with high thermal efficiency at low Emissions without risk of overheating of the drum create.

Obige Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche 1 und 4 gelöst.The above object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 4 solved.

Da der Mantel des inneren Rohrs der Brenntrommel geschlossen ist, das Material sich nur auf dessen Außenmantel befindet, d. h. der Brennerinnenraum vom Material durch die Rohrwand getrennt ist, ist der Brennerinnenraum mit der Brennerflamme staubfrei. Hierdurch ergibt sich ein einwandfreier, leicht zu handhabender Verbrennungsvorgang, der schadstoffarm abläuft. Durch die glatte Innenwandung des inneren Rohres wird sporadisch eingebrachtes (eingespritztes) Spritzmaterial aus der Vortrommel bzw. dem Übergang zur Brenntrommel wieder durch einen koaxialen Schlitz am Rohrende ausgeschieden. Auch durch dieses wenige Spritzmaterial kann keine Beeinträchtigung der Verbrennung erfolgen.Because the jacket of the inner tube of the firing drum closed the material is only on the outer jacket, d. H. the interior of the burner is separated from the material by the pipe wall is inside the burner with the burner flame dust free. This results in a flawless, easy to Handling combustion process that runs with low pollutants. The smooth inner wall of the inner tube becomes sporadic introduced (injected) spray material from the Vortrommel or the transition to the firing drum again a coaxial slot at the end of the tube. Also through this little spray material can not affect the Combustion take place.

Durch die besondere Halterung eines inneren Rohres kann ein schnelles Aufheizen und Abkühlen der Brenntrommel beim An- und Ausfahren der Anlage erreicht werden, ohne daß thermische Belastungen auftreten, welche der Vorrichtung schaden können. Es kann lediglich eine geringfügige elastische Verformung auftreten, welche sowohl das innere wie auch das äußere Rohr der Brenntrommel gegenüber ihrer zylindrischen Form im kalten Zustand in eine leicht "mehreckige" Form je nach Anzahl verwendeter Stützen verspannt. Durch die gewählte Konstruktion ist ein einfacher Aus- und Einbau des inneren Rohres der Brenntrommel aufgrund von Abrasionsverschleiß durch das rieselnde Material möglich. Schnelle Temperaturänderungen beim An- und Ausfahren der Vorrichtung sind ferner durch die geringe Wärmekapazität des inneren Rohres sowie der Halteeinbauten erreichbar.Due to the special mounting of an inner tube rapid heating and cooling of the firing drum when starting and extending the system can be achieved without thermal Loads occur which can damage the device. Only a slight elastic deformation can occur which both the inner and the outer tube of the Brenntrommel opposite hers cylindrical shape when cold in a slightly "polygonal" Shape clamped depending on the number of supports used. The design chosen makes it easy to move in and out Installation of the inner tube of the firing drum due to Abrasive wear possible due to the trickling material. Rapid temperature changes when starting and extending the Device are also due to the low heat capacity of the inner tube and the holding fixtures.

Da so gut wie kein Material und Staub in den Verbrennungsraum eindringen bzw. in das innere Rohr der Brenntrommel hereingespritzte einzelne Materialteilchen diese schnell wieder verlassen, erfolgt eine Verbrennung mit hohem wärmetechnischen Wirkungsgrad bei geringem Schadstoffausstoß; ferner kann ein "Verbrennen" des Materials auch nicht mehr erfolgen.There is almost no material and dust in the combustion chamber penetrate or into the inner tube of the firing drum individual material particles injected into them leave quickly, there is a combustion with high thermal efficiency with low pollutant emissions; furthermore, "burning" the material can also no longer take place.

Durch die bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des freien Brenntrommelendes mit einem konischen Einzug wird die Brennerflamme derart geformt, daß eine Rückführung und Verwirbelung von Verbrennungsgasen zur noch besseren Verbrennung erfolgt.Due to the preferred design of the free firing drum end with a conical intake, the burner flame shaped so that a return and swirl of combustion gases for even better combustion he follows.

Im folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sowie der Vorrichtung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung zum Trocknen und Mischen von rieselfähigem Material für die Asphaltherstellung,
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch die in Figur 1 gestrichelt angedeutete Brenntrommel in gegenüber Figur 1 vergrößerter Darstellung entlang des Schnittes II - II in Figur 1,
Fig. 3
einen Querschnitt durch eine Variante der Brenntrommel in gegenüber Figur 2 verkleinerter Darstellung,
Fig. 4
einen axialen Längsschnitt durch ein inneres und äußeres Rohr der Brenntrommel in größerer Darstellung, wobei zur Vereinfachung die Halteeinbauten für das zu trocknende Material weggelassen wurden,
Fig. 5
eine perspektivische Darstellung im geänderten Maßstab von zwischen der Vor- und der Brenntrommel der Vorrichtung angeordneten Überleitelementen für das rieselfähige Material,
Fig. 6
einen schematischen, vereinfachten axialen Längsschnitt durch Brenn- und Vortrommel, wobei die Überleitelemente und Hitzeschilder nicht dargestellt sind,
Fig. 7
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch die Brenntrommel zur Darstellung einer Lagerungsvariante des inneren Rohres im äußern, wobei hier Halteeinbauten nicht dargestellt sind und
Fig. 8
einen schematischen, vereinfachten axialen Längsschnitt durch die Brenn- und Vortrommel, wobei hier insbesondere die Einleitung von Verbrennungs- und Zuluft in die Brenntrommel dargestellt ist.
Exemplary embodiments of the method according to the invention and of the device are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
1 shows a side view of a device for drying and mixing pourable material for asphalt production,
Fig. 2
2 shows a cross section through the firing drum, indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1, in an enlarged view compared to FIG. 1 along the section II-II in FIG. 1 ,
Fig. 3
3 shows a cross section through a variant of the firing drum in a representation that is reduced compared to FIG. 2 ,
Fig. 4
3 shows an axial longitudinal section through an inner and outer tube of the firing drum in a larger representation, the holding fixtures for the material to be dried being omitted for simplification,
Fig. 5
2 shows a perspective illustration on a changed scale of transfer elements for the free-flowing material arranged between the front and the firing drum of the device,
Fig. 6
2 shows a schematic, simplified axial longitudinal section through the firing and pre-drum, the transfer elements and heat shields not being shown,
Fig. 7
is a schematic cross section through the firing drum to show a storage variant of the inner tube in the outside, here retaining fittings are not shown and
Fig. 8
a schematic, simplified axial longitudinal section through the firing and pre-drum, here in particular the introduction of combustion and supply air is shown in the firing drum.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung 1 zum Trocknen und Mischen von rieselfähigem Material 2 arbeitet im sogenannten Gegenstrombetrieb, d. h. das zu trocknende Material 2 wird auf der rechten Seite in Figur 1 mit einem Förderband 3 eingebracht und läuft dann zuerst gegen die heißen Flammenabgase und dann auf dem Mantel eines durch die Flammengase 5 erhitzten Rohres 25a zum Materialausgang 7.The device 1 shown in FIG . 1 for drying and mixing free-flowing material 2 works in the so-called counter-current mode, ie the material 2 to be dried is introduced on the right-hand side in FIG. 1 with a conveyor belt 3 and then runs first against the hot flame exhaust gases and then on the jacket of a tube 25a heated by the flame gases 5 to the material outlet 7.

Vom Förderband 3 kommend durchwandert das Material 2 eine auf ihrer Innenwandung drei Reihen Streuschaufeln 6 aufweisende Vortrommel 9, von der es dann über zur Vortrommelachse schräg verlaufende Überleitungselemente 8 (Figur 5) am Ort 10 zur gestrichelt dargestellten Brenntrommel 11 übergeführt wird. Die Überleitelemente 8 sind auf Hitzeabschirmplatten 12 als Hitzeabschirmelemente angeordnet, welche die Wärme der Brennerflamme von dem äußeren Rohr 25b der Brenntrommel 11 fernhalten soll. In der Vortrommel 9 wird das Material 2 durch die Streuschaufeln 6 emporgehoben und fällt als Vorhang durch die von der Brennerflamme 5 erzeugten heißen Abgase. Durch das Emporheben und Herunterfallen wird das Material 2 infolge der Neigung der Achsen 23a und 23b von Brenn- und Vortrommel 11 und 9 um 4°, wie unten erläutert, in Richtung Brenntrommel 11 befördert. Die schräggestellten Überleitelemente fangen das Material 2 des Vorhangs auf und schieben es unter Beschleunigung von der Vortrommel 9 in die Brenntrommel 11 zwischen die beiden koaxialen, zylindrischen Rohre 25a und 25b ein.Coming from the conveyor belt 3 , the material 2 travels through a pre-drum 9 , which has three rows of spreading vanes 6 on its inner wall, from which it is then transferred via transfer elements 8 ( FIG. 5 ) which are inclined to the pre-drum axis at location 10 to the firing drum 11 shown in broken lines. The transfer elements 8 are arranged on heat shielding plates 12 as heat shielding elements which are intended to keep the heat of the burner flame away from the outer tube 25b of the firing drum 11 . In the pre-drum 9 , the material 2 is lifted up by the spreading vanes 6 and falls as a curtain through the hot exhaust gases generated by the burner flame 5 . By the uplifting and dropping the material 2 will be explained due to the inclination of the axes 23a and 23b of combustibles and preturret 11 and 9 at 4 ° as described below, conveyed in the direction of drum Burns. 11 The inclined transfer elements catch the material 2 of the curtain and push it under acceleration from the pre-drum 9 into the firing drum 11 between the two coaxial, cylindrical tubes 25a and 25b .

Das innere (erste) Rohr 25a weist eine glatte Innenfläche ohne jegliche Einbauten auf. Die Vortrommel 9 und das äußere 25b der beiden Rohre 25a und 25b sind miteinander verbunden und liegen drehbar auf zwei Laufringen 17a und 17b auf, welche über zwei Elektromotore 19a und 19b angetrieben werden.The inner (first) tube 25a has a smooth inner surface without any internals. The pre-drum 9 and the outer 25b of the two tubes 25a and 25b are connected to one another and are rotatably supported on two races 17a and 17b , which are driven by two electric motors 19a and 19b .

Analog zum Ort 10 weist die Vortrommel 9 am Ort des Materialeintrags durch das Förderband 3 ebenfalls schräg an der Wandung der Vortrommel 9 angeordnete Überleitelemente auf.Analogous to the place 10, the preturret 9 at the place of entry material by the conveyor belt 3 is also inclined to the wall of the preturret 9 arranged on Überleitelemente.

Die Vorrichtung 1 ist auf einem Gestell 20 derart montiert, daß die Achsen 23a und 23b von Vortrommel 9 und Brenntrommel 11 miteinander fluchten und von der Brenneranordnung 13 zum Förderband 3 hin gegenüber der horizontalen Abstellebene 22 der Vorrichtung schräg nach oben, bevorzugt unter 4°, geneigt sind.The device 1 is mounted on a frame 20 in such a way that the axes 23a and 23b of the pre-drum 9 and the burning drum 11 are aligned with one another and from the burner arrangement 13 to the conveyor belt 3 towards the horizontal storage plane 22 of the device obliquely upwards, preferably at 4 °, are inclined.

Das Rohr 25a ist an seinem entgegengesetzten freien Endbereich 21, bevorzugt beginnend nach 80% bis 90%, hier bei 90% der Brenntrommellänge konisch nach innen gezogen. Der konische, nach innen bis auf 90% des ursprünglichen Durchmessers gezogene Endbereich 21 dient dazu, den Flammendurchmesser in der Flammenspitze zu reduzieren, damit eine Rückführung und Verwirbelung von Verbrennungsgasen, insbesondere mit der unten beschriebenen Zuluft 52, zur noch besseren Verbrennung erfolgen kann. Der eingezogene, ringförmige Endbereich 21 verleiht dem Rohr 25a, welches durch die Erwärmung der Brennerflamme 5 stark belastet wird, eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit; auch wird hierdurch Spritzmaterial aus der Vortrommel 9 zurückgehalten. Die Flammenlänge wird so eingestellt, daß sie keinesfalls in den Rieselvorhang am Vortrommelende hineinragt. Die Flamme endet in bevorzugter Weise innerhalb des Rohres 25a.The tube 25a is drawn conically inwards at its opposite free end region 21 , preferably starting after 80% to 90%, here at 90% of the firing drum length. The conical end region 21 , which is drawn inwards to 90% of the original diameter, serves to reduce the flame diameter in the flame tip, so that combustion gases can be recirculated and swirled, in particular with the supply air 52 described below, for even better combustion. The retracted, annular end region 21 gives the tube 25a , which is heavily loaded by the heating of the burner flame 5 , a high mechanical strength; this also retains spray material from the pre-drum 9 . The flame length is set so that it does not protrude into the trickle curtain at the end of the drum. The flame preferably ends within the tube 25a .

Das innere Rohr 25a der Brenntrommel 11 mit einem Innendurchmesser von 2 m und einer Rohrlänge von 3 m, wobei diese Angaben nur beispielsweise Ausführungsformen darstellen, ruht auf mehreren, radialen Ringen 24, von denen einer in Figur 2 und zwei in Figur 4 dargestellt sind. Zur besseren Darstellung der Halterung des inneren Rohres 25a wurden die Schaufeln 33a und 33b für den Materialtransport nicht dargestellt. Das innere Rohr 25a liegt auf den Ringen 24 auf und kann sich somit infolge thermischer Ausdehnungen insbesondere in axialer Richtung verschieben. Die Ringe 24 haben ein T-förmiges radiales Querschnittsprofil. Jeder Ring 24 wird durch vier radial auf ihm stehende rohrförmige Stützen 27 gegen das äußere Rohr 25b abgestützt. Das jeweils eine Ende jeder Stütze 27 ist mit dem inneren Mantel des äußeren Rohres 25b verschweißt. Das dem verschweißten Ende gegenüberliegende Stützenende ist eingeschnitten, wobei Schnittbreite und -tiefe derart gewählt sind, daß der zentrische T-Schenkel des Ringes 24 spielbehaftet einliegt. Am Außenmantel des dem Brennergrund benachbarten Endbereichs des inneren Rohres 25a sind nun vier gleichdistanzierte Flansche 18 angeschweißt, welche zwei Durchgangslöcher aufweisen, deren Abstand derart gewählt ist, daß ein U-förmiger Klemmbügel 28 mit seinen Schenkeln durchschiebbar ist. Diese Schenkel sind mit einem Gewinde versehen. Der Schenkelabstand ist um eine Toleranz größer als der Durchmesser der Stützen 27. Mit diesen Klemmbügeln 28 werden nun die Stützen 27, wie in Figur 4 dargestellt, mit den Flanschen 18 verbunden. Da nur das äußere Rohr 25b angetrieben wird, erfolgt die Kraftübertragung für das innere Rohr 25a über die Schweißstellen der vier Stützen 27 am Innenmantel des äußeren Rohres 25b, über die Stützen 27, die Klemmbügel 28 und die Flansche 18 auf das innere Rohr 25a. Da das innere Rohr 25a nur an seinem dem Brennergrund benachbarten Ende befestigt ist, kann eine freie axiale thermische Ausdehnung erfolgen, zumal der äußere Mantel des inneren Rohres 25a auf dem Dachschenkel des T-Profils frei gleiten kann. Radiale Verspannungen werden vermieden durch die Bewegungsmöglichkeit des geschlitzten Stützenendes auf den zentrischen T-Schenkel des Rings 24. Durch die Stützen 27 wird der Materialtransport zwischen den beiden Rohren 25a und 25b nicht behindert.The inner tube 25a of the firing drum 11 with an inner diameter of 2 m and a tube length of 3 m, these details only showing embodiments, rests on a plurality of radial rings 24 , one of which is shown in FIG. 2 and two in FIG. 4 . To better illustrate the mounting of the inner tube 25a , the blades 33a and 33b have not been shown for the material transport. The inner tube 25a rests on the rings 24 and can therefore shift, in particular in the axial direction, due to thermal expansions. The rings 24 have a T-shaped radial cross-sectional profile. Each ring 24 is supported against the outer tube 25b by four tubular supports 27 standing radially thereon . One end of each support 27 is welded to the inner jacket of the outer tube 25b . The end of the support opposite the welded end is cut, the width and depth of cut being selected such that the central T-leg of the ring 24 lies with play. Four equally spaced flanges 18 are now welded to the outer jacket of the end region of the inner tube 25a which is adjacent to the burner base and which have two through holes, the spacing of which is selected such that a U-shaped clamping bracket 28 can be pushed through with its legs. These legs are threaded. The distance between the legs is larger by a tolerance than the diameter of the supports 27 . With these clamping brackets 28 , the supports 27 , as shown in FIG. 4 , are now connected to the flanges 18 . Since only the outer tube 25b is driven, the power transmission for the inner tube 25a takes place via the welds of the four supports 27 on the inner jacket of the outer tube 25b , via the supports 27 , the clamping bracket 28 and the flanges 18 to the inner tube 25a . Since the inner tube 25a is only attached to its end adjacent to the burner base, free axial thermal expansion can take place, especially since the outer jacket of the inner tube 25a can slide freely on the roof leg of the T-profile. Radial tension is avoided by the possibility of movement of the slotted end of the support on the central T-leg of the ring 24 . The supports 27 do not impede the transport of material between the two tubes 25a and 25b .

Im Zwischenraum 31 mit einer beispielsweisen Höhe von 25 cm zwischen den beiden Rohren 25a und 25b ist die Beschaufelung 35a/35b (Halteeinbauten) für die Mitnahme des Materials 2 während der Umdrehungen der Brenntrommel 11 angeordnet. In Figur 2 werden für den Materialtransport zwei unterschiedliche Schaufeln 33a und 33b verwendet. Das Material verbleibt in den Schaufeln 33a und 33b bis etwa zu einem Gleitwinkel α von 60°. Die in Figur 2 gestrichelt dargestellte Mengendifferenz 35a, 35b gibt schematisch die Materialmenge an, welche bei der Drehbewegung aus den Schaufeln 33a und 33b herausfällt und an der der Flamme 5 abgewandten Seite des inneren Rohres 25a herunterrieselt und dieses unter Wärmeaufnahme durch das Material 2 kühlt. Das im Kulminationsort (vertikal über der Achse 23b der Brenntrommel 11) der Drehbewegung in den Schaufeln 33a und 33b noch verbleibende Material 2 rieselt dann auf der linken Rohrseite hinunter und kühlt auch diese.In the intermediate space 31 with a height of 25 cm, for example, between the two tubes 25a and 25b , the blading 35a / 35b (holding fittings) for taking the material 2 with it during the revolutions of the firing drum 11 is arranged. In Figure 2 , two different blades 33a and 33b are used for the material transport. The material remains in the blades 33a and 33b up to approximately a sliding angle α of 60 °. The amount of difference in phantom in Figure 2 illustrated 35a, 35b schematically indicates the amount of material which falls out during the rotary movement of the blades 33a and 33b and to which the flame 5 side facing away from the inner tube 25a is falling and cools this absorption of heat by the material of the second The material 2 still remaining in the culmination location (vertically above the axis 23b of the firing drum 11 ) of the rotary movement in the blades 33a and 33b then trickles down on the left side of the tube and also cools it.

Jeweils eine einzige Schaufel 35a bzw. 35b ist nicht über die gesamte Länge eines Rohres 25b entlang dessen Mantellinie angeordnet, sondern in mehrere, bevorzugt drei Schaufelteillängsstücke unterteilt. Die unterteilten Stücke sind radial gegeneinander versetzt hintereinander angeordnet. Durch diese Versetzung kann bei einer schnellen Temperatursteigerung, wie sie durch die geringe Wärmekapazität gegeben ist, ein Verzug vermieden und zusätzlich eine hohe mechanische Stabilität erreicht werden.In each case, a single blade 35a or 35b is not arranged over the entire length of a tube 25b along its surface line, but is divided into a plurality, preferably three, longitudinal blade parts. The divided pieces are arranged radially offset one behind the other. This dislocation prevents warping in the event of a rapid increase in temperature, as is provided by the low heat capacity, and additionally high mechanical stability can be achieved.

Die oben beschriebenen Schaufeln und auch die noch nachfolgend beschriebenen Schaufeln sind aus massivem Stahlblech gefertigt und besitzen keine Durchbrüche. Hierdurch soll erreicht werden, daß ein definiertes Herausgleiten des Materials 2 aus den Schaufeln 35a und 35b erreicht wird, das Material 2 dann anschließend definiert an der betreffenden Rohrwandung zu deren Kühlung unter seiner eigenen Erwärmung unter Durchmischung entlanggleitet.The blades described above and also the blades described below are made of solid sheet steel and have no openings. This is to ensure that a defined sliding out of the material 2 from the blades 35a and 35b is achieved, the material 2 then glides along the pipe wall in question in order to cool it under its own heating with thorough mixing.

Bei der Materialauswahl der Schaufeln 35a und 35b sowie der Rohre 25a und 25b wurde bewußt eine temperaturfeste Stahllegierung (z. B. Inconell 800) als ein wärmestabiles Material mit einer vergleichsweise hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Vergleich zu Schamotte ausgesucht. Es wurde auch im Bereich der Schaufeln 35a und 35b, des bzw. der Rohre 25a und 25b sowie anderen zu erwärmenden Baugruppen auf jegliches wärmespeichernde Material, wie z. B. Schamotte verzichtet, um eine sehr schnelle Aufheizzeit von einigen Minuten für die Vorrichtung zu erhalten. Infolge dieser schnellen Aufheizzeiten können auch kleine Materialmengen für besondere Anwendungsgegebenheiten verarbeitet werden. In the material selection of the blades 35a and 35b and the tubes 25a and 25b , a temperature-resistant steel alloy (e.g. Inconell 800) was deliberately chosen as a heat-stable material with a comparatively high thermal conductivity compared to chamotte. It was also in the area of the blades 35a and 35b , the one or more pipes 25a and 25b and other assemblies to be heated on any heat-storing material, such as. B. chamotte waived in order to obtain a very fast heating-up time of a few minutes for the device. As a result of these rapid heating-up times, even small amounts of material can be processed for special application conditions.

Der Flammendurchmesser in der Brenntrommel wird über die konstruktive Formgebung der Brennerdüse bzw. -düsen sowie der sie umgebenden Bauteile derart eingestellt, daß er zwischen 30% und 90%, bevorzugt zwischen 50% und 85% des Trommelinnendurchmessers liegt. Bei Vollast der Vorrichtung werden 85% erreicht. Als Durchmesser der Flamme 5 wird derjenige Teil verstanden, in dem die Verbrennung stattfindet und der so heiß ist, daß er leuchtet.The flame diameter in the firing drum is adjusted via the structural shape of the burner nozzle or nozzles and the components surrounding them in such a way that it is between 30% and 90%, preferably between 50% and 85% of the inner drum diameter. At full load of the device, 85% is reached. The diameter of the flame 5 is understood to mean that part in which the combustion takes place and which is so hot that it lights up.

In Figur 8 ist insbesondere die Zuführung von für die Verbrennung notwendiger Luft dargestellt. Die Verbrennungsluft 51 - nicht zu verwechseln mit der Leck- sowie der Zuluft 52 - wird mit einem Ventilator 53 angesaugt und besteht aus Frischluft 55. Unter Leckluft wird ein Lufteintritt in die Vorrichtung 1 durch Spalte sowie insbesondere durch den Materialein- und auslaß 7 verstanden. Auf den Einfluß der Leckluft wird nicht weiter eingegangen. Der Frischluft 55 kann, wie in Figur 8 dargestellt ist, sog. "Blue Smoke" 57 beigefügt werden. Beim "Blue Smoke" handelt es sich um meist blaufarbene, in der Regel organische Dämpfe, welche bei der Ashaltherstellung durch dessen Verdampfen entstehen und mittels Absaughauben abgesaugt werden. Der "Blue Smoke" wird, wie unten beschrieben, bevorzugt in der Brenneranordnung mitverbrannt, wodurch sich eine gesonderte Beseitigung z. B. durch Auswaschen, etc. erübrigt. Die unterschiedlichen Wege von Verbrennungsluft 51 und Zuluft 52 sind durch unterschiedliche Schraffur in Figur 8 herausgehoben. FIG. 8 shows in particular the supply of air necessary for the combustion. The combustion air 51 - not to be confused with the leak and supply air 52 - is drawn in with a fan 53 and consists of fresh air 55 . Leakage air is understood to mean an air entry into the device 1 through gaps and in particular through the material inlet and outlet 7 . The influence of the leakage air is not discussed further. As shown in FIG. 8 , so-called “blue smoke” 57 can be added to the fresh air 55 . The "Blue Smoke" is mostly blue-colored, usually organic vapors, which are produced during asphalt production due to its evaporation and are extracted by suction hoods. The "Blue Smoke", as described below, is preferably also burned in the burner arrangement, which means that separate removal, for. B. by washing, etc. unnecessary. The different paths of combustion air 51 and supply air 52 are highlighted by different hatching in FIG. 8 .

Der Fluß der Frischluft 55 bzw. des "Blue Smokes" 57 wird über Stellglieder 59 bzw. 60 für einen optimalen Verbrennungsvorgang eingestellt. Eine weitere Optimierung, auch mit Blick auf schadstoffarme Abgase, erfolgt in der Brenneranordnung 13 durch eine geregelte Aufteilung der Verbrennungsluft 51 in einen Primärluftstrom 63 (engere Schraffur) und einen Sekundärluftstrom 64. Der Primärluftstrom 63 wird, eine Brennstoffdüse 65 umschließend, durch die der Brennstoff 67 eingebracht wird, in den Brennerraum 42 eingeleitet. Der Fluß des Primärluftstroms 63 wird mit einem Stellglied 69 so eingestellt, daß die Brennstoffverbrennung im Brennerraum 42 in der Brennerflamme 5 in einem inneren sauerstoffarmen Bereich 71 erfolgt.The flow of fresh air 55 or "blue smokes" 57 is adjusted via actuators 59 or 60 for an optimal combustion process. A further optimization, also with a view to low-emission gases, takes place in the burner arrangement 13 by a controlled division of the combustion air 51 into a primary air flow 63 (closer hatching) and a secondary air flow 64 . The primary air flow 63 is introduced into the burner chamber 42 , enclosing a fuel nozzle 65 through which the fuel 67 is introduced. The flow of the primary air flow 63 is adjusted with an actuator 69 so that the fuel combustion in the burner chamber 42 takes place in the burner flame 5 in an inner region 71 with little oxygen.

Die Sekundärluft 64 wird koaxial nach außen um die Primärluft 63 herum in den Brennerraum 42 eingeleitet. Sie wird mit einem Stellglied 73 derart eingestellt, daß die Brennstoffverbrennung in einem äußeren, sauerstoffreichen Bereich 75 erfolgt.The secondary air 64 is introduced coaxially outward around the primary air 63 into the burner chamber 42 . It is set with an actuator 73 such that fuel combustion takes place in an outer, oxygen-rich area 75 .

Durch um die Brenneranordnung 13 koaxial angeordnete Rohrstücke als Zulufteinlaßöffnungen 77 kann schadstoffbelastete Zuluft 52 eingeblasen werden. Die Zuluft 52 kann insbesondere mit gas- und staubförmigem sowie mit flüssigem und halbflüssigem Bindemittel und auch mit Materialstaub aus einer Trockentrommel (Recycling-Trommel), in der Ausbauasphalt aufbereitet wird, beladen sein. Die Zulufteinlaßöffnungen 77 - in Figur 7 werden beispielsweise zehn voneinander gleichdistanzierte Einlaßöffnungen 77 verwendet - sind derart angeordnet, daß sie den Verbrennungsvorgang der Brennerflamme 5 nicht stören. Sie können, wie in Figur 7 dargestellt, parallel zur Brenntrommelachse 23b ausgerichtet sein; sie können jedoch auch nach außen gerichtet sein oder die Zuluft drallförmig einführen. Die zugeführte Zuluft 52 dient auch noch dazu, das innere Rohr 25a zu kühlen, um dessen Überhitzung zu verhindern.Through the pipe pieces coaxially arranged around the burner arrangement 13 as supply air inlet openings 77 , polluted supply air 52 can be blown in. The supply air 52 can be loaded in particular with gaseous and dusty as well as with liquid and semi-liquid binders and also with material dust from a drying drum (recycling drum) in which asphalt is processed. The Zulufteinlaßöffnungen 77 - in Figure 7, for example, ten equally distanced from each other inlet openings 77 used - are arranged such that they do not interfere with the combustion process 5 of the burner flame. As shown in FIG. 7 , they can be aligned parallel to the firing drum axis 23b ; however, they can also be directed outwards or introduce the supply air in a swirling manner. The supplied supply air 52 also serves to cool the inner tube 25a in order to prevent it from overheating.

Der Zuluftfluß und die Leistung der Brenneranordnung 13 sind unabhängig voneinander einstellbar, da die Zuluft gesondert zur Verbrennungsluft zugeführt wird. Eine Nachverbrennung bzw. Zersetzung der in der Zuluft enthaltenen Bindemittel erfolgt durch die Strahlungswärme der Brennerflamme 5 sowie durch die heiße Innenwand des Rohrs 25a.The supply air flow and the output of the burner arrangement 13 can be set independently of one another, since the supply air is fed separately to the combustion air. The binder contained in the supply air is afterburned or decomposed by the radiant heat of the burner flame 5 and by the hot inner wall of the tube 25a .

Die Brennerflamme wird derart eingestellt, daß die Brenntrommel 11 eine Brennerraumbelastung zwischen 0,5 MW/m3 und 3 MW/m3, bevorzugt zwischen 0,8 MW/m3 und 1,5 MW/m3, erfährt. Die hier beschriebene Vorrichtung 1 wird unter den nachfolgenden typischen, jedoch nur beispielsweisen Daten betrieben:The burner flame is set such that the burner drum 11 experiences a burner chamber load of between 0.5 MW / m 3 and 3 MW / m 3 , preferably between 0.8 MW / m 3 and 1.5 MW / m 3 . The device 1 described here is operated under the following typical, but only exemplary, data:

Bei einem zu trocknenden und zu erhitzenden rieselfähigen Materialfluß von 132 t/h mit einer Körnigkeit von 0 bis 22 mm und einer Feuchtigkeit von 2,4% werden 812 kg/h Heizöl EL als Brennstoff verwendet. Mit diesem Brennstofffluß ergibt sich eine Brennerleistung von 9,6 MW (die Nominalleistung wäre 12 MW), woraus sich mit einem Innendurchmesser von 2,2 m und einer Länge von 1 m des inneren Rohres 25a eine Brennerraumbelastung von 1,03 MW/m3 ergibt; das äußere Rohr 25b weist einen Innendurchmesser von 2,5 m auf. Am Materialausgang 7 ist das Material dann auf 205°C erhitzt. Der Abgasfluß (Rohgase) der Vorrichtung 1 beträgt 21 400 Normalkubikmeter pro Stunde (h) bei einem Sauerstoffgehalt von 9,8% und einer Luftüberschlußzahl (Lambda) von 1,83. Die Abgase (Rohgase) enthalten - korrigiert auf trockene Luft und umgerechnet auf einen 17%-gen Sauerstoffanteil - 8 mg/m3 leicht flüchtige organische Verbindungen (VOC), 14 mg/m3 Kohlenmonoxid (CO) und 29 mg/m3 Stickstoffdioxid (NO2).With a free-flowing material flow of 132 t / h to be dried and heated with a grain size of 0 to 22 mm and a moisture content of 2.4%, 812 kg / h of heating oil EL are used as fuel. This fuel flow results in a burner output of 9.6 MW (the nominal output would be 12 MW), which, with an inner diameter of 2.2 m and a length of 1 m of the inner tube 25a, results in a burner chamber load of 1.03 MW / m 3 results; the outer tube 25b has an inner diameter of 2.5 m. The material is then heated to 205 ° C. at the material outlet 7 . The exhaust gas flow (raw gases) of device 1 is 21,400 normal cubic meters per hour (h) with an oxygen content of 9.8% and an excess air ratio (lambda) of 1.83. The exhaust gases (raw gases) contain - corrected for dry air and converted to a 17% oxygen content - 8 mg / m 3 volatile organic compounds (VOC), 14 mg / m 3 carbon monoxide (CO) and 29 mg / m 3 nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ).

Es kann nun vorkommen, daß vom rein rieselfähigem Material eine geringe Menge trotz der Überleitelemente 8 auf die Innenwand des inneren Rohres 25a der Brenntrommel 11 spritzt. Um diese Materialteilchen wieder aus dem Rohr 25a zu entfernen, ist ein Schlitz 34, wie im schematischen, stark vereinfachten Schnitt durch die Brenntrommel 11 und die Vortrommel 9 in Figur 6 angedeutet, zwischen der Innenseite des Rohrs 25a und einem das Rohr 25a am Brennergrund abschließenden Hitzeschild 36 vorhanden. Die Schlitzhöhe ergibt sich aus der Korngröße des Materials, welches sporadisch in das Rohr 25a gelangt plus eine Toleranz und beträgt etwa 60 mm. Größere Materialteilchen können aufgrund der Achsenlage von Brenn- und Vortrommel 11 und 9 nicht in das Rohr 25a hineingelangen. Die Materialteilchen innerhalb des Rohres 25a werden infolge dessen Rotation, ihrer Schwerkraft und der Neigung der Rohrachse 23b zum Schlitz 34 hin bewegt, fallen dann durch einen Kanal 38 zwischen einer feststehenden Brenntrommelabschlußwand 40a und einer mit der Brenntrommel 11 sich drehenden das innere Rohr 25a verstärkenden, senkrecht zur Rohrachse verlaufenden Rohrverstärkung 40b (Hitzeschild 36 und Brenntrommelabschlußwand 40a drehen nicht mit). Der Kanal 38 mündet in den Materialausgang 7. Obwohl im Brennerraum 42 gegenüber der Umgebung ein Unterdruck herrscht, dringt so gut wie kein die Verbrennung der Brennerflamme 5 behindernder Staub vom Materialausgang 7 ein. Auf eine die Materialteilchen hindurchlassende, aber Staub abblockende Dichtung kann somit im Kanal 38 verzichtet werden.It can now happen that a small amount of the free-flowing material, despite the transfer elements 8, splashes onto the inner wall of the inner tube 25a of the firing drum 11 . In order to remove these material particles from the tube 25a again, a slot 34 , as indicated in the schematic, greatly simplified section through the firing drum 11 and the pre-drum 9 in FIG. 6 , is located between the inside of the tube 25a and one that closes the tube 25a at the burner base Heat shield 36 available. The slot height results from the grain size of the material which sporadically enters the tube 25a plus a tolerance and is approximately 60 mm. Larger material particles cannot get into the pipe 25a due to the axial position of the firing and pre-drums 11 and 9 . The material particles within the tube 25a are moved towards the slot 34 due to its rotation, gravity and the inclination of the tube axis 23b , then fall through a channel 38 between a fixed firing drum end wall 40a and a reinforcing inner tube 25a rotating with the firing drum 11 , Pipe reinforcement 40b running perpendicular to the pipe axis (heat shield 36 and firing drum end wall 40a do not rotate). The channel 38 opens into the material outlet 7 . Although there is a negative pressure in the burner chamber 42 with respect to the surroundings, virtually no dust that hinders the combustion of the burner flame 5 penetrates from the material outlet 7 . A seal which allows the material particles to pass through but blocks dust can thus be dispensed with in the channel 38 .

Anstatt jeweils drei gegeneinander versetzte Schaufeln entlang des Rohres 25a anzuordnen, können auch durchgehende Schaufeln verwendet werden. Analog können auch die Streuschaufeln angeordnet werden.Instead of arranging three staggered blades along the tube 25a , continuous blades can also be used. The spreading vanes can also be arranged analogously.

Anstelle der in Figur 2 gezeigten Brenntrommel 11 kann auch die in Figur 3 gezeigte Variante einer Brenntrommel 39, ebenfalls mit einem inneren und einem äußeren Rohr 41a und 41b, verwendet werden. Im Unterschied zur Brenntrommel 11 sind hier jedoch am inneren wie auch am äußeren Rohr 41a und 41b Längsschaufeln 43a und 43b angeordnet. Die Brenntrommel 39 zeigt jedoch gegenüber der Brenntrommel 11 eine schlechtere Materialdurchmischung und eine ungleichmäßigere Erwärmung des Materials. Auch ist diese Brenntrommel 39 aufwendiger in ihrer Herstellung. Das innere Rohr 41a kann nicht so einfach wie bei der oben beschriebenen Brenntrommel 11 ein- und ausgebaut werden.Instead of the firing drum 11 shown in FIG. 2 , the variant of a firing drum 39 shown in FIG. 3 , also with an inner and an outer tube 41a and 41b , can also be used. In contrast to the firing drum 11 , however, longitudinal blades 43a and 43b are arranged on the inner as well as on the outer tube 41a and 41b . The firing drum 39 , however, shows poorer material mixing and a more uneven heating of the material compared to the firing drum 11 . This firing drum 39 is also more complex to manufacture. The inner tube 41a cannot be installed and removed as easily as in the burning drum 11 described above.

Anstatt das Material 2 in Richtung von der Flammenspitze zum Flammengrund, also im Gegenstrombetrieb zu transportieren, kann es auch in umgekehrter Richtung (Gleichstrombetrieb) bewegt werden. Die Materialbewegung kann nun infolge der geneigten Achsen 23a und 23b (ausgehend von der Brenneranordnung bevorzugt um 4° nach unten gerichtete Vor- bzw. Brennertrommelachse) oder durch axial in Längsrichtung geneigt angeordnete Schaufeln während der Drehbewegung erfolgen. Diese Anordnung eignet sich insbesondere für die zusätzliche Einbringung von Ausbauasphalt durch eine nicht dargestellte Mittenzugabeöffnung.Instead of transporting the material 2 in the direction from the tip of the flame to the base of the flame, that is to say in countercurrent operation, it can also be moved in the opposite direction (direct current operation). The material movement can now take place as a result of the inclined axes 23a and 23b (starting from the burner arrangement, preferably forward or burner drum axis directed downward by 4 °) or by blades which are arranged inclined axially in the longitudinal direction during the rotary movement. This arrangement is particularly suitable for the additional introduction of asphalt through a central addition opening, not shown.

Anstelle einer Halterung des inneren Rohres 25a der Brenntrommel 11, wie in den Figuren 2 und 4 dargestellt, kann auch eine Halterung, wie im skizzierten Querschnitt in Figur 7 angedeutet, verwendet werden. Bei dieser Rohrhalterung wird auf den Ring 24 verzichtet. Anstelle der Stützen 27 sind die nun verwendeten Stützen 45 pilzförmig ausgebildet, wobei die Oberseite des Pilzhuts 47 der Wölbung der Außenwandung des inneren Rohres 25a angepaßt ist. Der Stützenfuß ist auf der Innenseite des äußeren Rohrs 25b angeschweißt. Über den Rohrumfang werden bevorzugt sechs Stützen 45 angeordnet. Eine Stützenreihe ist in der Rohrmitte und eine im Bereich des freien Rohrendes angeordnet.Instead of holding the inner tube 25a of the firing drum 11 , as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 , a holder, as indicated in the cross section outlined in FIG. 7 , can also be used. The ring 24 is dispensed with in this tube holder. Instead of the supports 27 , the supports 45 which are now used are mushroom-shaped, the top of the mushroom cap 47 being adapted to the curvature of the outer wall of the inner tube 25a . The column foot is welded to the inside of the outer tube 25b . Six supports 45 are preferably arranged over the tube circumference. A row of supports is arranged in the middle of the pipe and one in the area of the free pipe end.

Im kalten Zustand liegt die Außenwand des inneren Rohres 25a mit einer Spielpassung auf der Oberseite der Pilzhüte 47 der Stützen 45 auf, wodurch, wie oben bereits ausgeführt, ein einfacher Ein- und Ausbau des inneren Rohres 25a durchführbar ist. Durch diese punktförmigen Auflageorte ergibt sich im Betrieb infolge thermischer Ausdehnung eine Verspannung des inneren gegenüber dem äußeren Rohr, welche aber nicht weiter stört und auch keine Festigkeitsprobleme aufwirft; d. h. die ideale Zylinderform hauptsächlich des inneren Rohres wird in ein "verschliffenes" Sechseck verwandelt.In the cold state, the outer wall of the inner tube 25a lies with a clearance fit on the top of the mushroom hats 47 of the supports 45 , as a result of which, as already explained above, the inner tube 25a can be easily installed and removed. As a result of these thermal expansions, these punctiform support locations result in the inner tube being braced in relation to the outer tube, but this does not interfere any further and does not pose any strength problems either; ie the ideal cylindrical shape mainly of the inner tube is transformed into a "polished" hexagon.

Anstelle der Stützen 27 und 45 können auch nicht dargestellte, am konischen Teil 21 radial angeordnete Halteplatten verwendet werden, welche ebenfalls am äußern Rohr 25b angeschweißt sind.Instead of the supports 27 and 45 , it is also possible to use holding plates, not shown, which are arranged radially on the conical part 21 and which are likewise welded to the outer tube 25b .

Claims (10)

  1. A process for drying and/or heating pourable material (2) for asphalt production in an apparatus (1) comprising a burning drum (11; 39) and preliminary drum (9) driven in rotation and having scoops (33a, 33b; 43a, 43b), and comprising a burner flame (5) which burns approximately in the axis (23b) of the burning drum, wherein
    the material (2) is transported in the flame region on a closed outer surface of an inner pipe (25a) surrounding the flame, so that no material dust penetrates into the flame chamber (42) of the burner flame (5),
    a primary air stream (63), enveloping a fuel inlet (65), and a secondary air stream (64), coaxial with the primary air stream, are introduced into the burner chamber (42) at a setting such that
    the flame diameter in the burning drum (11, 39, 51) is set at from 30 % to 85 %, preferably from 50 % to 67 %, of the internal diameter of the drum and,
    at the free end of the burning drum, preferably after from 80 % to 90 % of the length of the burning drum, the flame diameter is reduced in comparison with the flame diameter in the middle of the burning drum, in order that,
    in the edge regions of the flame, a return and/or swirling of the combustion gases takes place in order to reduce the pollutants in the combustion gases.
  2. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that polluted gases, especially binder-containing vapours from asphalt production, so-called "Blue Smoke", are admixed with the combustion air (51) required for the flame (5).
  3. A process according to claim 2, characterised in that polluted fresh air is introduced as the supply air (52).
  4. An apparatus (1) for carrying out the process according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for drying and/or heating pourable material (2) for asphalt production, comprising a rotatable burning drum (11, 39) and preliminary drum (9) having scoops (33a, 33b, 43a, 43b) for the material to be dried and re-stored,
    comprising a cylindrical first pipe (25a; 41a) which is arranged coaxially with the axis (23b) of the burning drum, encloses the burner flame (5) radially and axially and rotates with the burning drum,
    the inside wall of which first pipe (25a; 41a) is smooth and without internal fittings in the flame region, and
    which is held in a second, outer pipe (25b) centrally and, in the cold state, in such a manner that it is subject to play and is merely supported.
  5. An apparatus (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that the first pipe (25a) is mechanically fixed only at its end region adjacent to the base of the flame of the burner arrangement (13).
  6. An apparatus (1) according to claim 5, characterised in that the first pipe (25a) is radially supported with play by supports (45) between the first and the second pipe (25a, 25b), which supports (45) are preferably fastened to the inside wall of the second pipe (25b) so that, owing to its simple form, the first pipe (25a) can be manufactured as cheaply as possible and can be removed and installed as easily as possible.
  7. An apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the end of the burning drum that is covered by heat-shielding elements (12) and is adjacent to the burner arrangement (13) has, in addition to an opening for the entry of the burner flame (5), adjacent to the inside wall of the first pipe (25a) a slot (34) which is selected to be sufficiently large that splash material sporadically entering the first pipe (25a) of the burning drum (11) from the preliminary drum (9) is able to leave again.
  8. An apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterised by transferring elements (8) which are arranged at the end of the preliminary drum (9) adjacent to the burning drum (11) and are inclined to the axis (23a) of the preliminary drum, for passing the material (2), which falls as a curtain of material through the flame waste gases in the preliminary drum (9), in an accelerated and complete manner onto the outer surface of the first pipe (25a).
  9. An apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterised in that the pipe (25a, 41a) immediately surrounding the burner flame (5) and its scoops (43a) are constructed from a steel alloy with wall thicknesses necessary merely for static stability and resistance to abrasion by the material, in order to obtain a low thermal capacity of pipe (25a, 41a) and scoops (43a).
  10. An apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterised in that the first pipe (25a) is drawn conically inward, preferably to 90 % of the original internal diameter, at the end region (21) thereof that is opposite the burner arrangement (13), preferably beginning at from 80 % to 90 % of the length of the pipe.
EP93120770A 1993-05-18 1993-12-23 Process and installation for drying or heating pourable materials Expired - Lifetime EP0600525B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH150093 1993-05-18
CH1500/93 1993-05-18

Publications (3)

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EP0600525A2 EP0600525A2 (en) 1994-06-08
EP0600525A3 EP0600525A3 (en) 1994-08-31
EP0600525B1 true EP0600525B1 (en) 1998-02-04

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EP93120770A Expired - Lifetime EP0600525B1 (en) 1993-05-18 1993-12-23 Process and installation for drying or heating pourable materials

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EP (1) EP0600525B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE163083T1 (en)
DE (2) DE59308110D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103388964B (en) * 2013-07-19 2014-12-10 溧阳市科华机械制造有限公司 Cutting scrap drying furnace
DE102013224910A1 (en) 2013-12-04 2015-06-11 Benninghoven GmbH & Co. KG Mülheim Apparatus and method for heating asphalt asphalt granules for the production of asphalt
CN114523126B (en) * 2022-01-11 2024-06-04 佛山市庆帆翔高分子材料有限公司 Powder preheating equipment for metal additive manufacturing

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2421345A (en) * 1944-11-04 1947-05-27 Kenneth E Mcconnaughay Mixer
FR2441682A1 (en) * 1978-11-17 1980-06-13 Creusot Loire DEVICE FOR THE PREPARATION OF BITUMINOUS COATED PRODUCTS FOR ROAD COVERINGS
DE2936341C2 (en) * 1979-09-08 1985-08-14 Alfelder Eisenwerke Carl Heise KG vorm. Otto Wesselmann & Cie., 3220 Alfeld Method and device for processing bituminous mix
DE2949479A1 (en) * 1979-12-08 1981-06-11 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt METHOD FOR DRYING AND CALCINATING SCHUETTGUETE
US4802139A (en) * 1987-08-21 1989-01-31 Taisei Road Construction Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing a heated reproduction asphalt mixture
DE3815104A1 (en) * 1988-05-04 1989-11-09 Deutag Mischwerke Gmbh TURNING OVEN FOR DRYING AND / OR MIXING MATERIAL

Also Published As

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DE59308110D1 (en) 1998-03-12
EP0600525A2 (en) 1994-06-08
ATE163083T1 (en) 1998-02-15
EP0600525A3 (en) 1994-08-31
DE9319897U1 (en) 1994-03-31

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