EP0599796A1 - Atmospheric gasboiler for central heating - Google Patents

Atmospheric gasboiler for central heating Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0599796A1
EP0599796A1 EP93870220A EP93870220A EP0599796A1 EP 0599796 A1 EP0599796 A1 EP 0599796A1 EP 93870220 A EP93870220 A EP 93870220A EP 93870220 A EP93870220 A EP 93870220A EP 0599796 A1 EP0599796 A1 EP 0599796A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiler
plates
perforations
burnt gases
studs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
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EP93870220A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0599796B1 (en
Inventor
Mathieu Mueller
Moreno Furlan
Philippe Roulin
François-Xavier Geubel
Remy Bastin
Henri Calvi
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Saint-Roch Couvin Sa/nv
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Saint-Roch Couvin Sa/nv
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/022—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being wires or pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/38—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water contained in separate elements, e.g. radiator-type element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels

Definitions

  • a very low temperature boiler with a power of 16 to 75 KW intended for central heating of premises and in particular that of a single-family dwelling.
  • Such a boiler has a high calorific efficiency thanks to the fact that the losses to the atmosphere and by sweeping the hearth when the boiler is stopped are reduced, by reduction of the average boiler temperature. This is obtained in particular by limiting the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid and by direct control of the burner and the boiler circulator. When the heat demand is satisfied, the operation of the circulator is timed in order to evacuate the excess calories still present at the level of the boiler.
  • Document US-A-1,855,777 discloses a gas boiler for individual application comprising a combustion chamber and an exchanger made up of a series of juxtaposed cast iron plates, arranged vertically and assembled together by means of tie rods. Pairs of consecutive plates alternately delimit circulation zones on the one hand, water to be heated, and on the other hand, burnt gases.
  • the walls of the plates in contact with the combustion gases are lined with polyhedral pins arranged in a staggered fashion over the entire exchange surface, facing the pins of a plate juxtaposed so as to touch.
  • the passage sections between the nipples do not allow sufficient natural draft.
  • GB-A-291417 discloses a water heater for a steam generator.
  • a sectional boiler body made up of a series of cast iron plates forming a combustion chamber with the end panels and a sheet steel floor with perforations intended for combustion air.
  • the walls of the trays in contact with the burnt gases are lined with vertical cast iron fins arranged in staggered rows with respect to a vertical axis.
  • the height of the fins is greater than half the distance between two neighboring plates, so as to achieve by their interpenetration and their staggered arrangement of sinuous channels which provide three-dimensional turbulence in the upward flow of burnt gases.
  • the passage sections are sufficient to ensure a natural draft.
  • the external panels of the exchanger form the lateral faces of the cast iron block of the boiler.
  • the intermediate panels each have at their base a square or rectangular cavity delimited by a tubular frame integral with the panel. Each cavity is superimposed on that of the neighboring panels to form a combustion chamber of substantially cubic shape.
  • a turbulence burner connected to a gas source by means of a solenoid valve.
  • An ignition electrode ensures direct automatic ignition of the burner after each burner interruption, so as to reset the combustion of the gas flow admitted by the solenoid valve to supply the gas burner at each calorie demand.
  • a monitoring electrode controls the presence of a flame when the regulation, including an aquastat for adjusting the temperature of the boiler, controls the opening of the solenoid valve.
  • the present invention aims to produce a gas boiler in accordance with the regulations in force in Belgium and many countries, in particular in Germany. It also aims to improve the thermal efficiency and reduce the CO and NO x content of the burnt gases.
  • This combination is found in an atmospheric gas boiler of the type described in the first paragraph of this memo.
  • This boiler is essentially characterized in that the plates in contact with the burnt gases are lined with cast iron nipples of oblong section truncated at the top, arranged in staggered rows with respect to a vertical axis, the length of the nipples between two neighboring plates bottom to top, so as to constitute obstacles which ensure the turbulence of an ascending current of burnt gases in three orthogonal directions and the evaporation of the droplets of condensed water, which fall on the truncated top of the nipples.
  • the bottom of the combustion chamber is covered with a steel sheet having perforations.
  • the secondary air passes through the aforesaid perforations and optimizes the total air flow necessary for the combustion of the gas, the majority primary air entering the cylindrical ramps of the burners by the open face perpendicular to the axis of the arm.
  • the perforations form a row arranged under each cylindrical ramp of the burner.
  • the boiler is provided with an ignition electrode and an electrode for monitoring the presence of a kanthal flame, preferably identical.
  • the ignition electrode resets the flame by a high voltage discharge while the monitoring electrode, in contact with the flame, transmits a potential difference due to ionization.
  • the two electrodes are identical and consist, for example, of kanthal electrodes.
  • the atmospheric gas boiler comprises a sectional boiler body 1, consisting of a series of trapezoidal plates 2 coupled in pairs to form the elements 3 of an exchanger in which circulates the heat transfer fluid and around which the burnt gases circulate.
  • the aforementioned elements 3 are interconnected by means of biconical nipples 4 placed in bushings for passage between elements 3 of the water to be heated and a TAPAFILL® sealing bead placed in the joint situated on the perimeter of each of the intermediate plates assembled in known manner by means of tie rods 5.
  • Each of the elements 3 of the body of the boiler 1 is provided with a cavity 6 forming with the cavities of the neighboring elements 3, a combustion chamber 7 with natural draft.
  • the roof 8 of the combustion chamber is vaulted to prevent the deposition of sludge and scale at the places where the heating elements are most stressed (Fig. 2).
  • the elimination of sludge avoids overheating.
  • the distance between the plates 2 must be judiciously chosen to limit the pressure drops in the passage of the burnt gases and promote the recovery of calories.
  • nipples 9 of cast iron of oblong section truncated at the top 10 are lined with nipples 9 of cast iron of oblong section truncated at the top 10 (FIG. 4). These pins 9 are staggered relative to a vertical axis. The length of the pins 9 is substantially equal to half of the difference between two neighboring elements 3 so as to form sinuous channels swept by the updraft of the burnt gases.
  • the nipples 9 constitute obstacles which increase the heat exchanger exchange surface and create three-dimensional turbulence in the burnt gases (Fig 6).
  • the top 10 of the truncated studs forms a horizontal surface which receives the droplets of condensed water in the upper part of the boiler body 1, at the points where the dew points of the burnt gases are reached.
  • the droplets are crushed on each of said surfaces and are eliminated by evaporation.
  • the walls of the plates 2 in contact with the heat transfer fluid are provided with baffles 28 which form channels 29 for circulation of the heat transfer fluid (FIG. 3).
  • the inlet pipe of the heat transfer fluid to be heated is provided with a flow distributor 29 which distributes the flow of heat transfer fluid through a series of orifices 33 uniformly between the various plates 2 of the boiler body in order to irrigate the various plates 2 uniformly (Fig. 8). This distributor improves the overall efficiency of the boiler.
  • a tubular turbulence burner 11 of the WORGAS® type described in document PCT / IT 87/0079 is inserted into the combustion chamber 7, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the burner comprises several cylindrical stainless steel ramps 12 each arranged just in below the scanning zones of the boiler body 1 for the burnt gases.
  • the turbulence burner 11 inserted in said chamber and connected to a gas source 13 by means of a solenoid valve 14 controlled by a regulation system comprising an ignition electrode 16, a monitoring electrode 23 for the presence of the flame , a aquastat 17 for adjusting the boiler temperature and a safety aquastat.
  • the bottom of the combustion chamber 7 is covered with a steel sheet 19 having perforations 30 and an upwardly curved rim.
  • the perforations 30 are distributed in rows 20 arranged under each ramp 12 of the burner 11.
  • the secondary air passes through the aforementioned perforations 30 and ensures optimum combustion.
  • This manhole 26 is internally covered with an insulating layer 27 in order to reduce thermal losses, and incidentally absorb the combustion noise and reduce the propagation of noise towards a flue 31 (Fig. 9).
  • This insulation 27 reduces the heat losses and attenuates the acoustic vibrations in the smoke duct 31.
  • An inclined arrangement of the upper edge 22 of the elements 3 of the body of the boiler 1 eliminates all risk of overheating because it allows natural elimination of any gas occlusion.
  • the body of the boiler is covered with a mantle 32 made of removable sheet steel panels.
  • An ignition electrode 16 disposed above one of the cylindrical ramps 12 of the tubular burner 11 ensures direct automatic ignition of the burner 11, each time that the regulation orders the solenoid valve 14 to reset the gas supply. due to a calorie demand after interruption.
  • the ignition electrode 16 which resets the flame by a high voltage discharge and the ionization electrode 23 intended to monitor the flame are identical. These are, for example, kanthal electrodes sold by SAPCO ® in Courbevoie-France.
  • the shape and dimensions of the nipples are important.
  • the truncated face of the studs 9 has a trapezoidal shape dictated by the requirements for demolding the cast iron panels.
  • the surface is sized to accommodate a droplet of water.
  • the width and the height of the nipples are dimensioned experimentally by determining a deflection angle which prevents the separation of the upward flow of the burnt gases.
  • the height and length of the nipples varies according to their position on the panels. Starting from the top down, the height of the nipples varies from 29mm to 22mm and the length from 17 to 15, while the width is kept constant from 14mm at the base to 10.5mm at the truncated top.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

A sectional cast-iron boiler with an atmospheric gas burner for central heating, which makes it possible to achieve extremely low emissions of nitrogen monoxide and carbon monoxide, comprises a series of plates (2), the walls of which in contact with the burnt gases are lined with cast-iron studs (9) of oblong cross-section truncated at the top (10) which are arranged in a zig-zag manner in relation to a vertical axis. The length of the studs (9) is essentially equal to half the spacing between two adjacent plates (2) and increases from the bottom to the top so as to constitute obstacles which ensure the turbulence of a rising flow of burnt gases in three orthogonal directions and the evaporation of the droplets of condensed water which fall onto the truncated top (10) of the studs (9), and the bottom of the combustion chamber (7) is covered with a steel sheet (19) which has perforations (30). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention est relative à une chaudière atmosphérique à gaz pour chauffage central, comprenant :

  • un corps de chaudière sectionnel, constitué d'une série de plateaux en fonte juxtaposés, disposés verticalement, reliés entre eux au moyen de nipples bicôniques et assemblés au moyen de tirants, chaque plateau intermédiaire étant pourvu à sa base d'une cavité formant avec les cavités des panneaux voisins une chambre de combustion à tirage naturel,
  • des tétons en fonte de section oblongue tronquée au sommet ménagés sur les parois des plateaux en contact avec les gaz brûlés et disposés en quinconce par rapport à un axe vertical,
  • un brûleur à gaz à turbulence inséré dans ladite chambre et raccordé par une électrovanne à une alimentation en gaz,
The present invention relates to an atmospheric gas boiler for central heating, comprising:
  • a sectional boiler body, consisting of a series of juxtaposed cast iron plates, arranged vertically, interconnected by means of biconical nipples and assembled by means of tie rods, each intermediate plate being provided at its base with a cavity forming with the cavities of neighboring panels a combustion chamber with natural draft,
  • cast iron nipples of oblong section truncated at the top formed on the walls of the plates in contact with the burnt gases and staggered relative to a vertical axis,
  • a turbulence gas burner inserted in said chamber and connected by a solenoid valve to a gas supply,

Elle trouve sa principale application dans les chaudières de chauffage central à haut rendement calorifique pour usage individuel.It finds its main application in central heating boilers with high calorific output for individual use.

Elle concerne en particulier une chaudière à très basse température d'une puissance de 16 à 75 KW destinée au chauffage central de locaux et en particulier à celui d'une habitation unifamiliale. Une telle chaudière possède un rendement calorifique élevé grâce au fait que les pertes à l'ambiance et par balayage du foyer à l'arrêt de la chaudière sont réduites, de par réduction de la température moyenne de la chaudière. Celle-ci est obtenue en particulier par une limitation de la température de sortie du fluide caloporteur et par une commande en direct, du brûleur et du circulateur de la chaudière. Lorsque la demande de chaleur est satisfaite, le fonctionnement du circulateur est temporisé en vue d'évacuer l'excédent de calories encore présent au niveau de la chaudière.It relates in particular to a very low temperature boiler with a power of 16 to 75 KW intended for central heating of premises and in particular that of a single-family dwelling. Such a boiler has a high calorific efficiency thanks to the fact that the losses to the atmosphere and by sweeping the hearth when the boiler is stopped are reduced, by reduction of the average boiler temperature. This is obtained in particular by limiting the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid and by direct control of the burner and the boiler circulator. When the heat demand is satisfied, the operation of the circulator is timed in order to evacuate the excess calories still present at the level of the boiler.

On connaît par le document US-A-1.855.777, une chaudière à gaz pour application individuelle comprenant une chambre de combustion et un échangeur constitués d'une série de plateaux en fonte juxtaposés, disposés verticalement et assemblés entre eux au moyen de tirants. Des paires de plateaux consécutifs délimitent alternativement des zones de circulation d'une part, de l'eau à réchauffer, et d'autre part, des gaz brûlés. Les parois des plateaux en contact avec les gaz de combustion sont garnies de tétons polyédriques disposés uniformément en quinconce sur toute la surface d'échange, en vis à vis des tétons d'une plaque juxtaposées de manière à se toucher. Les sections de passage entre les tétons ne permettent pas un tirage naturel suffisant.Document US-A-1,855,777 discloses a gas boiler for individual application comprising a combustion chamber and an exchanger made up of a series of juxtaposed cast iron plates, arranged vertically and assembled together by means of tie rods. Pairs of consecutive plates alternately delimit circulation zones on the one hand, water to be heated, and on the other hand, burnt gases. The walls of the plates in contact with the combustion gases are lined with polyhedral pins arranged in a staggered fashion over the entire exchange surface, facing the pins of a plate juxtaposed so as to touch. The passage sections between the nipples do not allow sufficient natural draft.

De même, on connaît par le document GB-A-291417 un réchauffeur d'eau pour générateur de vapeur. On y retrouve un corps de chaudière sectionnel constitué d'une série de plateaux en fonte formant une chambre de combustion avec les panneaux d'extrémité et un plancher en tôle d'acier présentant des perforations destinées à l'air comburant.Similarly, GB-A-291417 discloses a water heater for a steam generator. There is a sectional boiler body made up of a series of cast iron plates forming a combustion chamber with the end panels and a sheet steel floor with perforations intended for combustion air.

Les parois des plateaux en contact avec les gaz brûlés sont garnies d'ailettes verticales en fonte disposées en quinconce par rapport à un axe vertical. La hauteur des ailettes est supérieure à la moitié de l'écart entre deux plateaux voisins, de manière à réaliser par leur interpénétration et leur disposition en quinconce des chenaux sinueux qui assurent une turbulence tridimensionnelle dans le courant ascendant de gaz brûlés. Les sections de passage sont suffisantes pour assurer un tirage naturel. Les panneaux extérieurs de l'échangeur forment les faces latérales du bloc fonte de la chaudière. Les panneaux intermédiaires présentent chacun à leur base une cavité de forme carrée ou rectangulaire délimitée par un cadre tubulaire faisant corps avec le panneau. Chaque cavité se superpose à celle des panneaux voisins pour former une chambre de combustion de forme sensiblement cubique.The walls of the trays in contact with the burnt gases are lined with vertical cast iron fins arranged in staggered rows with respect to a vertical axis. The height of the fins is greater than half the distance between two neighboring plates, so as to achieve by their interpenetration and their staggered arrangement of sinuous channels which provide three-dimensional turbulence in the upward flow of burnt gases. The passage sections are sufficient to ensure a natural draft. The external panels of the exchanger form the lateral faces of the cast iron block of the boiler. The intermediate panels each have at their base a square or rectangular cavity delimited by a tubular frame integral with the panel. Each cavity is superimposed on that of the neighboring panels to form a combustion chamber of substantially cubic shape.

Dans le fond de la chambre de combustion est logé un brûleur à turbulence raccordé à une source de gaz par l'intermédiaire d'une électrovanne. Une électrode d'allumage assure l'allumage automatique direct du brûleur après chaque interruption du brûleur, de manière à réenclencher la combustion du débit de gaz admis par l'électrovanne pour alimenter le brûleur à gaz à chaque demande de calories. Une électrode de surveillance contrôle la présence d'une flamme lorsque la régulation, comprenant un aquastat de réglage de la température de la chaudière, commande l'ouverture de l'électrovanne.In the bottom of the combustion chamber is housed a turbulence burner connected to a gas source by means of a solenoid valve. An ignition electrode ensures direct automatic ignition of the burner after each burner interruption, so as to reset the combustion of the gas flow admitted by the solenoid valve to supply the gas burner at each calorie demand. A monitoring electrode controls the presence of a flame when the regulation, including an aquastat for adjusting the temperature of the boiler, controls the opening of the solenoid valve.

Ces chaudières ont un haut rendement au sens de l'Arrêté Royal du 11 mars 1988 et de l'Arrêté Ministériel du 14 mars 1988, mais ne répondent pas au Label RAL-UZ 39.These boilers have a high efficiency within the meaning of the Royal Decree of March 11, 1988 and the Ministerial Decree of March 14, 1988, but do not meet the RAL-UZ 39 Label.

La présente invention vise à réaliser une chaudière à gaz conforme aux prescriptions en vigueur en Belgique et de nombreux pays, notamment en Allemagne. Elle vise également à améliorer le rendement thermique et diminuer la teneur en CO et NOx des gaz brûlés.The present invention aims to produce a gas boiler in accordance with the regulations in force in Belgium and many countries, in particular in Germany. It also aims to improve the thermal efficiency and reduce the CO and NO x content of the burnt gases.

Sa solution technique résulte d'une combinaison appropriée basée sur une longue expérience de divers éléments consécutifs présents simultanément dans la chaudière.Its technical solution results from an appropriate combination based on a long experience of various consecutive elements present simultaneously in the boiler.

Cette combinaison se retrouve dans une chaudière atmosphérique à gaz du type décrit dans le premier paragraphe du présent mémoire. Cette chaudière se caractérise essentiellement en ce que les plateaux en contact avec les gaz brûlés sont garnies de tétons en fonte de section oblongue tronquée au sommet, disposés en quinconce par rapport à un axe vertical, la longueur des tétons entre deux plateaux voisins est croissante de bas en haut, de manière à constituer des obstacles qui assurent la turbulence d'un courant ascendant de gaz brûlés dans trois directions orthogonales et l'évaporation des gouttelettes d'eau condensée, qui tombent sur le sommet tronqué des tétons.This combination is found in an atmospheric gas boiler of the type described in the first paragraph of this memo. This boiler is essentially characterized in that the plates in contact with the burnt gases are lined with cast iron nipples of oblong section truncated at the top, arranged in staggered rows with respect to a vertical axis, the length of the nipples between two neighboring plates bottom to top, so as to constitute obstacles which ensure the turbulence of an ascending current of burnt gases in three orthogonal directions and the evaporation of the droplets of condensed water, which fall on the truncated top of the nipples.

En outre, la mise en place dans la chaudière, dans le conduit d'entrée du fluide caloporteur à réchauffer, d'un répartiteur de débit entre les divers plateaux du corps de la chaudière, permet d'irriguer les divers plateaux susdits de manière uniforme et améliore en cela, le rendement global de la chaudière.In addition, the installation in the boiler, in the inlet duct of the heat-transfer fluid to be heated, of a flow distributor between the various plates of the body of the boiler, makes it possible to irrigate the various above-mentioned plates uniformly. and thereby improves the overall efficiency of the boiler.

Suivant une particularité additionnelle de l'invention, le fond de la chambre de combustion est recouvert d'une tôle d'acier présentant des perforations.According to an additional feature of the invention, the bottom of the combustion chamber is covered with a steel sheet having perforations.

L'air secondaire traverse les perforations susdites et optimalise le débit d'air total nécessaire à la combustion du gaz, l'air primaire majoritaire entrant dans les rampes cylindriques des brûleurs par la face ouverte perpendiculaire à l'axe du bras.The secondary air passes through the aforesaid perforations and optimizes the total air flow necessary for the combustion of the gas, the majority primary air entering the cylindrical ramps of the burners by the open face perpendicular to the axis of the arm.

Dans une forme de réalisation particulière, les perforations forment une rangée disposée sous chaque rampe cylindrique du brûleur.In a particular embodiment, the perforations form a row arranged under each cylindrical ramp of the burner.

Selon une caractéristique complémentaire de l'invention, la chaudière est pourvue d'une électrode d'allumage et d'une électrode de surveillance de la présence d'une flamme au kanthal, de préférence identiques.According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the boiler is provided with an ignition electrode and an electrode for monitoring the presence of a kanthal flame, preferably identical.

L'électrode d'allumage réenclenche la flamme par une décharge haute tension tandis que l'électrode de surveillance, au contact de la flamme, transmet une différence de potentiel due à l'ionisation. Les deux électrodes sont identiques et sont constituées par exemple, d'électrodes au kanthal.The ignition electrode resets the flame by a high voltage discharge while the monitoring electrode, in contact with the flame, transmits a potential difference due to ionization. The two electrodes are identical and consist, for example, of kanthal electrodes.

Ces particularités de l'invention ainsi que d'autres détails et particularités de l'invention apparaîtront dans la description suivante faisant référence aux dessins ci-annexés qui se rapportent à une forme de réalisation spécifique de l'invention, donnée seulement à titre d'exemple non limitatif.These features of the invention as well as other details and features of the invention will appear in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings which relate to a specific embodiment of the invention, given only by way of nonlimiting example.

Dans ces dessins :

  • la figure 1 est une vue explosée en perspective d'une chaudière à gaz suivant l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en plan de la paroi d'un plateau en fonte en contact avec les gaz brûlés;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en plan de la paroi d'un plateau en contact avec le fluide à réchauffer;
  • la figure 4 est une coupe au travers d'un élément sectionnel du corps de la chaudière formé d'un assemblage de plateaux susdits;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en plan de l'élément montré dans la figure 4;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en perspective à plus grande échelle, d'un téton garnissant un plateau montré dans la figure 2;
  • la figure 7 est une vue en élévation latérale de la chaudière dépourvue de son manteau;
  • la figure 8 est une vue en perspective d'un répartiteur de débit entre les divers plateaux du corps de la chaudière, et
  • la figure 9 est une vue en perspective de la boîte à fumée pourvue d'un regard et d'une couche d'isolation.
In these drawings:
  • Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a gas boiler according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the wall of a cast iron tray in contact with the burnt gases;
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the wall of a tray in contact with the fluid to be heated;
  • FIG. 4 is a section through a sectional element of the body of the boiler formed by an assembly of the abovementioned plates;
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the element shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view on a larger scale, of a stud lining a tray shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 7 is a side elevational view of the boiler devoid of its mantle;
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a flow distributor between the various plates of the body of the boiler, and
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of the smoke box provided with a manhole and an insulation layer.

Dans ces figures, les mêmes signes de référence désignent des éléments identiques ou analogues.In these figures, the same reference signs designate identical or analogous elements.

Comme illustré dans la figure 1, la chaudière atmosphérique à gaz selon l'invention, comprend un corps de chaudière 1 sectionnel, constitué d'une série de plateaux 2 trapézoidaux accouplés deux à deux pour former les éléments 3 d'un échangeur dans lesquels circule le fluide caloporteur et autour desquels circulent les gaz brûlés. Les éléments 3 susdits sont reliés entre eux au moyen de nipples 4 bicôniques placées dans des douilles de passage inter éléments 3 de l'eau à réchauffer et d'un cordon d'étanchéité TAPAFILL ® placé dans le joint situé sur le périmètre de chacun des plateaux intermédiaires assemblés de manière connue au moyen de tirants 5. Chacun des éléments 3 du corps de la chaudière 1 est pourvu d'une cavité 6 formant avec les cavités des éléments 3 voisins, une chambre de combustion 7 à tirage naturel. Le ciel 8 de la chambre de combustion est voûté pour empêcher le dépôt de boues et de tartre aux endroits où les éléments de chauffe sont les plus sollicités (Fig. 2). L'élimination des boues permet d'éviter toute surchauffe. L'écart entre les plateaux 2 doit être judicieusement choisi pour limiter les pertes de charge dans le passage des gaz brûlés et favoriser la récupération des calories.As illustrated in FIG. 1, the atmospheric gas boiler according to the invention, comprises a sectional boiler body 1, consisting of a series of trapezoidal plates 2 coupled in pairs to form the elements 3 of an exchanger in which circulates the heat transfer fluid and around which the burnt gases circulate. The aforementioned elements 3 are interconnected by means of biconical nipples 4 placed in bushings for passage between elements 3 of the water to be heated and a TAPAFILL® sealing bead placed in the joint situated on the perimeter of each of the intermediate plates assembled in known manner by means of tie rods 5. Each of the elements 3 of the body of the boiler 1 is provided with a cavity 6 forming with the cavities of the neighboring elements 3, a combustion chamber 7 with natural draft. The roof 8 of the combustion chamber is vaulted to prevent the deposition of sludge and scale at the places where the heating elements are most stressed (Fig. 2). The elimination of sludge avoids overheating. The distance between the plates 2 must be judiciously chosen to limit the pressure drops in the passage of the burnt gases and promote the recovery of calories.

Les parois desdits plateaux 2, en contact avec les gaz brûlés, sont garnis de tétons 9 en fonte de section oblongue tronquée au sommet 10 (Fig 4). Ces tétons 9 sont disposés en quinconce par rapport à un axe vertical. La longueur des tétons 9 est sensiblement égale à la moitié de l'écart entre deux éléments 3 voisins de manière à constituer des chenaux sinueux balayés par le courant ascendant des gaz brûlés. Les tétons 9 constituent des obstacles qui augmentent la surface d'échange de l'échangeur et créent une turbulence tridimensionnelle dans les gaz brûlés (Fig 6).The walls of said plates 2, in contact with the burnt gases, are lined with nipples 9 of cast iron of oblong section truncated at the top 10 (FIG. 4). These pins 9 are staggered relative to a vertical axis. The length of the pins 9 is substantially equal to half of the difference between two neighboring elements 3 so as to form sinuous channels swept by the updraft of the burnt gases. The nipples 9 constitute obstacles which increase the heat exchanger exchange surface and create three-dimensional turbulence in the burnt gases (Fig 6).

Le sommet 10 des tétons tronqués forme une surface horizontale qui reçoit les gouttelettes d'eau condensée dans la partie supérieure du corps de chaudière 1, aux endroits où les points de rosée des gaz brûlés est atteint. Les gouttelettes s'écrasent sur chacune desdites surfaces et s'éliminent par évaporation.The top 10 of the truncated studs forms a horizontal surface which receives the droplets of condensed water in the upper part of the boiler body 1, at the points where the dew points of the burnt gases are reached. The droplets are crushed on each of said surfaces and are eliminated by evaporation.

Les parois des plateaux 2 en contact avec le fluide caloporteur sont garnies de chicanes 28 qui forment des chenaux 29 de circulation du fluide caloporteur (Fig. 3). Le conduit d'entrée du fluide caloporteur à réchauffer est pourvu d'un répartiteur de débit 29 qui distribue le débit de fluide caloporteur par une série d'orifices 33 uniformément entre les divers plateaux 2 du corps de la chaudière en vue d'irriguer les divers plateaux 2 de manière uniforme (Fig. 8). Ce répartiteur améliore le rendement global de la chaudière.The walls of the plates 2 in contact with the heat transfer fluid are provided with baffles 28 which form channels 29 for circulation of the heat transfer fluid (FIG. 3). The inlet pipe of the heat transfer fluid to be heated is provided with a flow distributor 29 which distributes the flow of heat transfer fluid through a series of orifices 33 uniformly between the various plates 2 of the boiler body in order to irrigate the various plates 2 uniformly (Fig. 8). This distributor improves the overall efficiency of the boiler.

Un brûleur tubulaire à turbulence 11 du type WORGAS ® décrit dans le document PCT/IT 87/0079 est inséré dans la chambre de combustion 7, comme illustré dans la figure 7. Le brûleur comporte plusieurs rampes cylindriques 12 en acier inoxydable disposées chacune juste en dessous des zones de balayage du corps de chaudière 1 pour les gaz brûlés. Le brûleur à turbulence 11 inséré dans ladite chambre et raccordé à une source de gaz 13 par l'intermédiaire d'une électrovanne 14 commandée par un système de régulation comprenant une électrode d'allumage 16, une électrode de surveillance 23 de présence de la flamme, un aquastat 17 de réglage de la température de la chaudière et un aquastat de sécurité.A tubular turbulence burner 11 of the WORGAS® type described in document PCT / IT 87/0079 is inserted into the combustion chamber 7, as illustrated in FIG. 7. The burner comprises several cylindrical stainless steel ramps 12 each arranged just in below the scanning zones of the boiler body 1 for the burnt gases. The turbulence burner 11 inserted in said chamber and connected to a gas source 13 by means of a solenoid valve 14 controlled by a regulation system comprising an ignition electrode 16, a monitoring electrode 23 for the presence of the flame , a aquastat 17 for adjusting the boiler temperature and a safety aquastat.

Dans le but d'optimiser le débit d'air total, le fond de la chambre de combustion 7 est recouvert d'une tôle 19 d'acier présentant des perforations 30 et un rebord recourbé vers le haut. Les perforations 30 sont réparties en rangées 20 disposées sous chaque rampe 12 du brûleur 11. L'air secondaire traverse les perforations 30 susdites et assure une combustion optimale.In order to optimize the total air flow, the bottom of the combustion chamber 7 is covered with a steel sheet 19 having perforations 30 and an upwardly curved rim. The perforations 30 are distributed in rows 20 arranged under each ramp 12 of the burner 11. The secondary air passes through the aforementioned perforations 30 and ensures optimum combustion.

Les gaz brûlés s'échappent à la partie supérieure du corps de chaudière 1 et se rendent en flux parallèles dans une boîte à fumée 24 pourvue d'une chicane 25 et d'un regard 26 qui donne accès à la série de plateaux 2 et permet leur nettoyage. Ce regard 26 est recouvert intérieurement d'une couche d'isolation 27 afin de réduire les pertes thermiques, et accessoirement absorber le bruit de combustion et réduire la propagation de bruit vers un conduit de fumées 31 (Fig. 9). Cette isolation 27 réduit les pertes thermiques et atténue les vibrations acoustiques dans le conduit des fumées 31.The burnt gases escape to the upper part of the boiler body 1 and flow in parallel flow in a smoke box 24 provided with a baffle 25 and a sight 26 which gives access to the series of trays 2 and allows cleaning them. This manhole 26 is internally covered with an insulating layer 27 in order to reduce thermal losses, and incidentally absorb the combustion noise and reduce the propagation of noise towards a flue 31 (Fig. 9). This insulation 27 reduces the heat losses and attenuates the acoustic vibrations in the smoke duct 31.

A l'arrière du corps de la chaudière 1, des ouvertures destinées au passage de l'extrémité arrière non active de chaque rampe 12 du brûleur atmosphérique 11, sont obturées par un boîtier 33 en tôle d'acier revêtu intérieurement d'une isolation 34. Cette isolation 34 réduit les pertes thermiques de la chaudière et elle sert également à bloquer mécaniquement le brûleur 11.At the rear of the body of the boiler 1, openings intended for the passage of the non-active rear end of each ramp 12 of the atmospheric burner 11, are closed by a case 33 of sheet steel coated internally with insulation 34 This insulation 34 reduces the thermal losses from the boiler and it also serves to mechanically block the burner 11.

Une disposition inclinée du bord supérieur 22 des éléments 3 du corps de la chaudière 1 élimine tout risque de surchauffe parce qu'elle permet l'élimination naturelle de toute occlusion de gaz. Le corps de la chaudière est habillé d'un manteau 32 constitué de panneaux de tôle d'acier démontables.An inclined arrangement of the upper edge 22 of the elements 3 of the body of the boiler 1 eliminates all risk of overheating because it allows natural elimination of any gas occlusion. The body of the boiler is covered with a mantle 32 made of removable sheet steel panels.

Une électrode d'allumage 16 disposée au-dessus d'un des rampes cylindriques 12 du brûleur tubulaire 11 assure l'allumage automatique direct du brûleur 11, chaque fois que la régulation ordonne à l'électrovanne 14 le réenclenchement de l'alimentation en gaz en raison d'une demande de calories après interruption.An ignition electrode 16 disposed above one of the cylindrical ramps 12 of the tubular burner 11 ensures direct automatic ignition of the burner 11, each time that the regulation orders the solenoid valve 14 to reset the gas supply. due to a calorie demand after interruption.

Suivant une particularité de l'invention, l'électrode d'allumage 16 qui réenclenche la flamme par une décharge haute tension et l'électrode d'ionisation 23 destinée à surveiller la flammme sont identiques. Il s'agit, par exemple, d'électrodes au kanthal commercialisées par SAPCO ® à Courbevoie-France.According to a feature of the invention, the ignition electrode 16 which resets the flame by a high voltage discharge and the ionization electrode 23 intended to monitor the flame are identical. These are, for example, kanthal electrodes sold by SAPCO ® in Courbevoie-France.

Des essais conduits selon les normes DIN Norm 4702 Partie 3, et en particulier les chap. 4.5.11.1 et 4.5.11.3 ont permis de noter que pour une température de sortie et d'entrée du fluide caloporteur de 75/60°C (± 3K) et de réglage du thermostat de 75°C et une alimentation en gaz calibré G20 selon la norme DIN 3362, les émissions en monoxydes d'azote et de carbone sont inférieures à :
   Nox = 100 mg/kwh (57 ppm)
   CO = 60 mg/kwh (56 ppm)Tests conducted according to DIN Norm 4702 Part 3, and in particular chap. 4.5.11.1 and 4.5.11.3 noted that for an outlet and inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid of 75/60 ° C (± 3K) and a thermostat setting of 75 ° C and a gas supply calibrated G20 according to DIN 3362, the emissions of nitrogen and carbon monoxides are less than:
No x = 100 mg / kwh (57 ppm)
CO = 60 mg / kwh (56 ppm)

Ces performances ont pu être obtenues par la combinaison des caractéristiques décrites dans les revendications suivantes. Elles ont permis d'obtenir le label "Ange Bleu" défini dans la norme RAL-UZ 39.These performances could be obtained by the combination of the characteristics described in the following claims. They made it possible to obtain the "Blue Angel" label defined in the RAL-UZ 39 standard.

En particulier la forme et les dimensions des tétons sont importantes. La face tronquée des tétons 9 a une forme trapézoïdale dictée par les nécessités du démoulage des panneaux en fonte. La surface est dimensionnée pour pouvoir recevoir une gouttelette d'eau. La largeur et la hauteur des tétons sont dimensionnées expérimentalement en déterminant un angle de déflection qui évite le décollement du flux ascendant des gaz brûlés.In particular the shape and dimensions of the nipples are important. The truncated face of the studs 9 has a trapezoidal shape dictated by the requirements for demolding the cast iron panels. The surface is sized to accommodate a droplet of water. The width and the height of the nipples are dimensioned experimentally by determining a deflection angle which prevents the separation of the upward flow of the burnt gases.

La hauteur et la longueur des tétons varie suivant leur position sur les panneaux. En partant du haut vers le bas, la hauteur des tétons varie de 29mm à 22mm et la longueur de 17 à 15, tandis que la largeur est maintenue constante de 14mm à la base à 10,5mm au sommet 10 tronqué.The height and length of the nipples varies according to their position on the panels. Starting from the top down, the height of the nipples varies from 29mm to 22mm and the length from 17 to 15, while the width is kept constant from 14mm at the base to 10.5mm at the truncated top.

Claims (4)

Chaudière atmosphérique à gaz pour chauffage central, comprenant : - un corps de chaudière (1) sectionnel, constitué d'une série de plateaux (2) en fonte juxtaposés, disposés verticalement, reliés entre eux au moyen de nipples bicôniques (4) et assemblés au moyen de tirants (5), chaque plateau (2) intermédiaire pourvu à sa base d'une cavité (6) formant avec les cavités des panneaux (2) voisins une chambre de combustion (7) à tirage naturel, - des tétons (9) en fonte de section oblongue tronquée au sommet (10) ménagés sur les parois des plateaux (2) en contact avec les gaz brûlés et disposés en quinconce par rapport à un axe vertical, - un brûleur à gaz à turbulence (11) inséré dans ladite chambre et raccordé par une électrovanne à une alimentation en gaz (13), caractérisée en ce que la longueur des tétons (9) entre deux plateaux voisins (3) est croissante de bas en haut de manière à constituer des obstacles qui assurent la turbulence d'un courant ascendant de gaz brûlés dans trois directions orthogonales et l'évaporation des gouttelettes d'eau condensée, et en ce que le fond de la chambre de combustion (7) est recouvert d'une tôle d'acier (19) présentant des perforations (30).Atmospheric gas boiler for central heating, comprising: - a sectional boiler body (1), consisting of a series of juxtaposed cast iron plates (2), arranged vertically, interconnected by means of biconical nipples (4) and assembled by means of tie rods (5), each plate (2) intermediate provided at its base with a cavity (6) forming with the cavities of neighboring panels (2) a combustion chamber (7) with natural draft, - nipples (9) in cast iron of oblong section truncated at the top (10) formed on the walls of the plates (2) in contact with the burnt gases and staggered relative to a vertical axis, - a turbulence gas burner (11) inserted in said chamber and connected by a solenoid valve to a gas supply (13), characterized in that the length of the studs (9) between two neighboring plates (3) increases from bottom to top so as to constitute obstacles which ensure the turbulence of an ascending stream of burnt gases in three orthogonal directions and the evaporation droplets of condensed water, and in that the bottom of the combustion chamber (7) is covered with a steel sheet (19) having perforations (30). Chaudière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les perforations (30) forment une rangée (20) disposée sous chaque rampe cylindrique (12) du brûleur (11).Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforations (30) form a row (20) disposed under each cylindrical ramp (12) of the burner (11). Chaudière selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l'air secondaire traverse les perforations (30) susdites et assure une combustion optimale.Boiler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the secondary air passes through the aforementioned perforations (30) and ensures optimum combustion. Chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est coiffée d'une boîte à fumée (24) pourvue d'une chicane (25) et d'une fenêtre (26) et le fond de la chambre de combustion (7) est recouvert d'une tôle d'acier (19) présentant des perforations (30).Boiler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is topped with a smoke box (24) provided with a baffle (25) and a window (26) and the bottom of the combustion (7) is covered with a steel sheet (19) having perforations (30).
EP93870220A 1992-11-23 1993-11-18 Atmospheric gasboiler for central heating Expired - Lifetime EP0599796B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9201015A BE1006365A5 (en) 1992-11-23 1992-11-23 Atmospheric gas boiler for central heating.
BE9201015 1992-11-23

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EP0599796A1 true EP0599796A1 (en) 1994-06-01
EP0599796B1 EP0599796B1 (en) 1997-01-22

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AT (1) ATE148215T1 (en)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1136764A2 (en) * 2000-03-18 2001-09-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heat exchanger for gas fired condensing boiler
EP1108963A3 (en) * 1999-12-17 2003-01-08 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. Combustion gas heat exchanger
GB2381306A (en) * 2001-08-09 2003-04-30 Gruppo Imar S P A Heat exchanger plates

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB291417A (en) * 1927-06-04 1929-01-04 Bastian Morley Co Improvements in and relating to fluid heaters
US1855777A (en) * 1928-03-28 1932-04-26 Bryant Heater & Mfg Company Boiler section
FR957533A (en) * 1950-02-23
DE2141785A1 (en) * 1971-08-20 1973-02-22 Rheinstahl Ag CAST-IRON GAS BOILER

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR957533A (en) * 1950-02-23
GB291417A (en) * 1927-06-04 1929-01-04 Bastian Morley Co Improvements in and relating to fluid heaters
US1855777A (en) * 1928-03-28 1932-04-26 Bryant Heater & Mfg Company Boiler section
DE2141785A1 (en) * 1971-08-20 1973-02-22 Rheinstahl Ag CAST-IRON GAS BOILER

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1108963A3 (en) * 1999-12-17 2003-01-08 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. Combustion gas heat exchanger
EP1136764A2 (en) * 2000-03-18 2001-09-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heat exchanger for gas fired condensing boiler
EP1136764A3 (en) * 2000-03-18 2003-01-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heat exchanger for gas fired condensing boiler
GB2381306A (en) * 2001-08-09 2003-04-30 Gruppo Imar S P A Heat exchanger plates
GB2381306B (en) * 2001-08-09 2005-09-07 Gruppo Imar S P A Gas-liquid heat exchanger and boiler incorporating said heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69307665D1 (en) 1997-03-06
EP0599796B1 (en) 1997-01-22
DE69307665T2 (en) 1997-09-04
BE1006365A5 (en) 1994-08-02
ATE148215T1 (en) 1997-02-15

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