EP0593371A1 - Operating mechanism for a switch with three positions - Google Patents

Operating mechanism for a switch with three positions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0593371A1
EP0593371A1 EP93420396A EP93420396A EP0593371A1 EP 0593371 A1 EP0593371 A1 EP 0593371A1 EP 93420396 A EP93420396 A EP 93420396A EP 93420396 A EP93420396 A EP 93420396A EP 0593371 A1 EP0593371 A1 EP 0593371A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
switch
axis
closing
open position
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93420396A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0593371B1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Bonnardel
Bernard Jacquemet
Jean-Charles Broize
André Odier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric SE
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Schneider Electric SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA, Schneider Electric SE filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0593371A1 publication Critical patent/EP0593371A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0593371B1 publication Critical patent/EP0593371B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H3/3047—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor adapted for operation of a three-position switch, e.g. on-off-earth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H2003/3068—Housing support frame for energy accumulator and cooperating mechanism

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a mechanism for actuating a three-position switch, the switch comprising a main shaft supporting or actuating electrical contacts and which can be selectively brought into three stable positions, a central position or position of opening, a switch closing position and a grounding closing position, said main shaft being connected by levers, on the one hand to a first switch closing and opening control device and d on the other hand to a second earthing and opening closing control device.
  • a known control mechanism of the kind mentioned above comprises two control devices which cooperate with a single spring imposing abrupt maneuvers of said main shaft, so that the levers transmit to the main shaft an increasing torque from the position central to switch closed and earthed positions, in neutral position for stable locking of the main shaft.
  • Such a control mechanism does not make it possible to obtain an increasing force when the switch is closed and a decreasing force when it is opened.
  • such a mechanism does not allow it to be mounted, from the same parts, either in a configuration in which the action that a user must do to trigger the closing of the switch is a single movement performed on one piece, another configuration in which the action that a user must take to trigger the closing of the switch is an arming action and an independent triggering action.
  • An object of the invention consists in proposing a mechanism which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above in relation to the mechanisms of the prior art.
  • the actuation mechanism of a three-position switch comprising: a main shaft supporting or actuating contacts and which can be selectively brought into three stable positions, an open position and, on the one hand and on the other side of this open position, respectively a switch closed position and a grounded closed position; and a central crank which is pivotally mounted relative to a fixed frame of the mechanism and which can be actuated so as to be able to assume three angular pivot positions corresponding respectively to said three stable positions, the mechanism comprising a mechanical movement transformation system which produces a kinetic ratio between the angular displacement of the central crank and that of the main shaft which increases when the central crank 31A passes from the open position to the switch closed position, where it follows that the the force transmitted to the electrical contacts increases continuously as one passes from the open position to the closed position of the switch.
  • the actuation mechanism comprises a first spring and a second spring, these two springs being compressed simultaneously when the actuation mechanism is in the armed open position with a view to coming into position switch closing, in that the transition from the open position to the switch closed position is triggered by the relaxation of the first spring and in that the transition from the switch closed position to the position opening is triggered by the trigger of the second spring.
  • the second spring is further compressed when the actuation mechanism is in the armed opening position with a view to coming into the earthed closing position and in that the passage from the open position to the closed earth position is triggered by the relaxation of the second spring.
  • the first spring also serves to brake the start of the closing, by exerting a push on an arming plate of the second spring in a certain direction when the closing movement begins. earthing, this thrust then reversing, passing through a neutral point, in the vicinity of the end of the earthing closing movement.
  • the mechanism comprises a central crank rigidly coupled to a central cam, these two parts pivoting together around the axis of the main shaft and being connected to said movement transformation system in order to control this in order to activate the electrical contacts via the main shaft, and a pivoting arming plate independently around the axis of the main shaft, the first spring is interposed between a first crankshaft and the central crank, the second spring is interposed between a second crankshaft and the cocking plate, the first crankshaft allows the cocking of the first spring for closing the switch and is coupled to a drive cam which actuates the arming plate in order to simultaneously arm the second spring for opening, and the second crankshaft makes it possible to arm the second spring for earthing closure.
  • the end of the second spring opposite the second crankshaft is connected to an axis which is connected to the cocking plate and which is also slidably mounted in a circular slot made in the main cam , so that the arming plate is used to arm the second spring while the axis slides in the circular slot, that the relaxation of the first spring causes the main cam to pivot in a certain direction while the axis remains fixed and the circular slot slides with respect to the axis, and that the relaxation of the second spring causes a displacement of the axis which abuts against one end of the circular slot causing a shock and the pivoting in the opposite direction of the main cam.
  • a main shaft 10 is pivotally mounted, (of which only one end can be distinguished upward) on an upper flange (not shown) and on a lower flange 11 and which supports or actuates electrical contacts (not shown) in order to be able to selectively bring the switch into three stable positions, a central position or switch opening position, a switch closing position and a grounding closing position.
  • the lower flange 11 and the upper flange (not shown) consist of flat and parallel plates and are connected to each other by three spacers 13, so that the entire actuation mechanism according to the invention is essentially housed between the two flanges which serve as fixed or pivoting supports for the various parts which constitute this mechanism.
  • the switch opening position C1 corresponds to the opening position of the electrical contacts and the switch closing positions C2 and earthing closing positions C3 are located on either side relative to the position.
  • FIG. 2 there is the actuation mechanism of Figure 1 which is in the switch C1 open position.
  • the essential parts of the mechanism have been represented in a simplified manner simultaneously according to four different graphics, each of which illustrates the same mechanism in the same position but according to different simplified illustration modes, this in order to better understand the operation of the parts of the mechanism.
  • the same mode of representation has been made for FIGS. 3 to 8.
  • Each FIG. 2 to 8 comprises from left to right four graphics representing respectively a movement transformation system, part of the mechanism which includes two springs, the position of the two springs and the mode of transmission of the forces between the springs and the other parts.
  • the shaft 10 is driven by a drive finger 25 which is, in this figure, located in the position which corresponds to the open position of the switch C1.
  • this drive finger 25 can move on an arc around the main shaft 10, on either side of this switch opening position, about 60 °. If the drive finger 25 is moved to the right in the drawing, it will drive the main shaft 10 into the closed position switch C2, and if the drive finger 25 is moved to the left in the drawing, it will drive the main shaft 10 in the closed grounding position C3.
  • the mechanism includes a movement transformation system which operates as follows.
  • a central crank 31A is pivotally supported around the main shaft 10 and it is connected by an articulation, comprising a transformation control pin 41, to one end of a secondary transformation connecting rod 42 the other end of which is connected by an articulation, comprising a transformation return axis 46, to a transformation return 43 which is pivotally mounted around a return axis of the fixed transformation system 16.
  • the transformation return 43 is a part having the general shape of an L which forms two rigid branches substantially perpendicular to each other, one of which connects the axis 16 to the axis 46 and the other of which connects the axis 16 to a transformation control pin 45 which makes it possible to articulate the transformation reference 43 to one end of a main drive rod 44 whose other end is articulated to the drive finger 25 of the main shaft 10.
  • the pivoting movement of the central crank 31A makes it possible to selectively select the three positions C1, C2 and C3 of the drive finger 25 of the l, via the transformation system which has just been described. main tree 10.
  • a switch operating axis 14 is connected to a handle or to any actuation device (not shown) for controlling the switch in order to bring it into the closed position C2.
  • An earth operating pin 15 is connected to another lever or to another device any actuation (not shown) for controlling the switch to bring it in or make it leave the closed grounding position C3.
  • a first spring 30 is generally arranged between the switch operating axis 14 and a joint having an axis 60 located on a central cam 31B.
  • the central crank 31A and the central cam 31B are mounted on the same pivot axis and are rigidly connected to each other. Consequently, a pivoting of a certain angle of one of these two parts causes the pivoting of the same angle of the other part.
  • the first spring 30 is mounted on a first spring guide 61, one end of which is connected to the axis 60 and the other end of which is held at the level of the axis 14.
  • the second spring 34 is generally disposed between the earth axis 15 and a second spring end axis 62.
  • the second spring 34 is mounted on a second spring guide 33, one end of which is connected to the axis 62 and the other end of which is held in place level of the axis 15.
  • One end of the second spring 34 bears against the second spring guide 33 in the vicinity of the axis 62 and, in the same way, one end of the first spring 30 bears against the guide first spring 61 in the vicinity of the axis 60.
  • the axis 62 is engaged in a circular slot 63 formed in the main cam 31B, so as to be able to slide in this slot 63 over a certain length of arc centered around the main shaft 10.
  • a certain rotation of the switch operating axis 14 simultaneously causes compression of the first spring 30 and compression of the second spring 34, as will be described in more detail below.
  • This rotation of the switch operating axis 14 corresponds to the arming of the switch, that is to say the actuation of the switch by a person in order to move it from the position of disarmed switch opening ( Figure 2) to the armed switch opening position ( Figure 3).
  • the mechanisms for obtaining these compressions of the springs 30 and 34 are explained in detail now.
  • the first spring cocking crankshaft 27 comprises an eccentric first spring cocking axis 64 which moves in a slot 65 of the first spring guide 61 pressing against a support piece 66, so that the rotation of the crankshaft 27 causes the displacement of the axis 64 in the slot 65, this displacement causing the corresponding displacement of the component support 66 and the compression of the first spring 30, the distal end of which bears against the support piece 66.
  • the crankshaft 27 rotates approximately 180 ° and thus causes the compression of the first spring 30.
  • the second spring cocking cam 53 has a cam surface which is in abutment against a roller 67 mounted on a distal end of a second spring cocking rod 54. This roller turns around an axis 68.
  • the second spring cocking rod 54 can slide in a slot (not visible on the drawings because behind the connecting rod 54) formed in a fixed guide piece 69, this slot being oriented substantially radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the switch operating axis 14.
  • the second spring 34 can effectively compress due to the displacement of the axis 62, because its distal end is, at the same time, kept fixed at the level of the earth operating axis 15.
  • a rotation of this axis 14 of approximately 180 ° effectively allows (passing from the position of the mechanism of Figure 2 to the position of the mechanism of Figure 3) to simultaneously compress the first spring 30 and the second spring 34, that is to say to pass the mechanism from a disarmed switch opening position ( Figure 2) to an armed switch opening position ( Figure 3).
  • This mechanism comprises a rocker 36 which is constituted by a part pivotally mounted on a rocker axis 18.
  • the crankshaft 27 comprises a lateral projection 71 forming a rocker control face 28 which, when the crankshaft 27 is turned up to the armed position of Figure 3, pushes a corresponding bearing face 70 of the rocker 36 thereby slightly pivoting the rocker 36 (counterclockwise in the drawing of Figure 3).
  • a cylindrical surface forming the outer limit of the protrusion 71 and which is behind the rocker control face 28 is then located opposite and near the rocker 36 ( Figure 3) and, in this position, both the bearing face 70 of the rocker 36 and a radial protuberance 72 of this rocker 36 come against or near the cylindrical surface of the protuberance 71 of the crankshaft 27, so that the rocker 36 is rotated by a certain angle and then is immobilized, as shown in Figure 3.
  • a locking finger 55 is also provided on the rocker 36 and this locking finger 55 forms on the rocker 36 a radial protuberance which is substantially directed away from the switch operating axis 14.
  • the mechanism further comprises a closing lock 38 which is constituted by a connecting rod, one end of which is pivotally mounted about a fixed locking axis 20 and the other end of which comprises a locking roller 73 which, in the armed switch opening position ( Figure 3), comes to bear against a hooking surface before closing 39 which is formed substantially radially at the periphery of the central cam 31B.
  • a closing lock 38 which is constituted by a connecting rod, one end of which is pivotally mounted about a fixed locking axis 20 and the other end of which comprises a locking roller 73 which, in the armed switch opening position ( Figure 3), comes to bear against a hooking surface before closing 39 which is formed substantially radially at the periphery of the central cam 31B.
  • the mechanism further comprises a secondary lock 37 which is formed by a part pivotally mounted around a fixed axis of secondary lock 19 and which comprises a locking finger 75 which, in the armed switch opening position (FIG. 3 ) comes to block the roller 73 in order to maintain it against the attachment surface 39 thereby preventing rotation in the clockwise direction of the central cam 31B.
  • the secondary lock 37 further comprises a switch closing trigger arm 57 and a recess 76 which is located, in the armed switch opening position of FIG. 3, opposite the locking finger 55 of the rocker 36 It follows from this that, in the armed switch opening position of FIG. 3, it is possible to act on the switch closing trigger arm 57 by pushing it so as to rotate in the clockwise direction.
  • This sudden pivoting in the clockwise direction of the central cam 31B causes an equal pivoting of the central crank 31A and consequently a pivoting of the crank pin 41.
  • This pivoting of the axis 41 causes a longitudinal displacement towards the outside of the secondary connecting rod 42, a tilting in the direction of clockwise of the transformation reference 43, a displacement of the transformation control axis 45, a displacement (to the right in the drawing) of the main drive rod 44 and ultimately, a rotation in the direction anticlockwise of the main shaft 10, thus causing the electrical contacts to close in order to bring the switch to the switch closing position C2 (FIG. 4).
  • the displacement of the closing release arm 37 can be carried out either manually or using any actuation means, for example electromagnetic means.
  • the motion transformation system which essentially comprises the parts 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 and makes it possible to modify this characteristic of decreasing force of the spring by ensuring that, on the contrary, at the level of the main shaft 10, the actuation force of the contacts electric is increasing when the mechanism goes from the open position C1 to the switch closed position C2 and is decreasing when the mechanism goes from the switch closed position C2 to the open position C1.
  • the movement transformation system also makes it possible to ensure that, at the level of the main shaft 10, the actuation force of the electrical contacts is increasing when the mechanism passes from the open position C1 to the grounding closing position C3.
  • These characteristic transformations are made possible because the kinetic ratio between the movement of the central crank 31A and the main shaft 10 varies according to the angle at which the central crank 31A is pivoted.
  • the first spring 30 When the mechanism is in the switch closed position C2, the first spring 30 is relaxed and the second spring 34 is compressed.
  • the first spring cocking crankshaft 27 is also held in its position because the crankshaft protrusion 71 is in abutment, at the level of the leading face 28 of the protrusion 71, against a roller 29 mounted on the free end of the opening trigger lever 56.
  • the mechanism being in the switch C2 closing position, it suffices to actuate the opening trigger lever 56 by turning it clockwise.
  • the opening release lever can be actuated either manually or using any actuation means, for example electromagnetic means. At that time, as it is represented in FIG.
  • crankshaft 27 drives in its sudden rotation the arming cam of second spring 53 and, as the profile of this cam is a helix extending over approximately 180 ° and stopping suddenly, the beginning of the rotation of this cam 53 releases its contact with the roller 67, which has the consequence that the second spring cocking plate 32 is no longer held in rotation by the second spring cocking rod 54, and this plate 32 can then turn abruptly in counterclockwise under the compression force of the second spring 34.
  • the second spring end axis 62 suddenly moves counterclockwise and, as this axis 62 is housed in the circular slot 63, it abuts with impact against the left end of this slot 63, it rotates (with impact) in the anticlockwise direction the central cam 31B so to bring this cam to da ns the switch open position as shown in Figure 2.
  • the two springs 30 and 34 are then relaxed and the mechanism is therefore found in the open position of disarmed switch.
  • This grounding axis 15 comprises a second spring cocking crankshaft 51 which has an eccentric second spring cocking axis 80 which moves in a slot 81 formed in the distal end of the second spring guide 33 by pressing against a support piece 82, so that the rotation of the crankshaft 51 causes the displacement of the axis 80 in the slot 81, this displacement causing the corresponding displacement of the component d 'support 82 and consequently the compression of the second spring 34.
  • This actuation of the earth operating pin 15 consists in rotating it around 180 ° in order to bring it to the position which is shown in the figure 6.
  • the lever 48 is maintained in a position which is such that the roller 49 is applied against the periphery of the central cam 31B coming into abutment against a bearing face 50 of the central cam 31B, so that the closing retention lever of earth 48 prevents rotation of the central cam 31B anti-clockwise.
  • the mechanism further comprises an earth opening rod 35 which is hingedly connected to the central crank 31A and which comprises at its other end a slot 85 closed on the side of its distal end and in which slides the axis 80.
  • the axis 80 which rotates with the crankshaft 51 is in abutment against the distal end of slot 85 and it consequently causes the longitudinal displacement of the earth opening rod 35 in the direction of its distance from the central part of the mechanism, and this displacement towards the outside of the connecting rod 35 causes the central crank 31A to rotate clockwise.
  • This central crank 31A further comprises a finger 86 which, in the earthing closed position, bears against the end axis of the second spring 62, and it follows from this that this rotation in the direction of clockwise from the central crank 31A causes, on the one hand the actuation of the main shaft 10 to come into the open position and on the other hand a certain partial compression of the second spring 34.
  • the finger 86 also serves to transmit the compressive force of the second spring 34 to the central crank 31A, this central crank being, due to the action of the spring 34, pushed in the direction of a pivoting in the opposite direction of the needles d 'a watch.
  • rocker 36 has been described so that, during the maneuver passing the mechanism from the position of disarmed opening to the armed opening position, this rocker 36 passes from a position (FIG. 2) in which it prohibits pivoting of the secondary closing bolt 37 (due to the position of its locking finger 55) at a position in which it unlocks the secondary closing latch 37 (because its locking finger 55 is then located opposite the recess 76 of the latch 37).
  • this rocker 36 can be used but by turning it over, as shown in dotted lines in the lower part of FIGS.
  • a secondary closing lock watch 37 shows, automatically, thereby automatically triggering the abrupt closing action which brings the mechanism into the switch closing position shown in FIG. 4.
  • the essential characteristics of the operation of the mechanism according to the present invention are as follows.
  • compression of both the first spring 30 and the second spring 34 is caused.
  • This double compression has the consequence that after this initial arming , the relaxation of the first spring 30 will cause the sudden actuation of the mechanism in order to bring it into the closed position of switch C2, and then, the relaxation of the second spring 34 will cause the sudden actuation of the mechanism in order to bring it back into the initial opening position C1.
  • the rocker 36 is constituted by a part which, depending on whether it is mounted in a certain direction (as shown in solid lines) or in the other direction which corresponds to a reversal of the part (as shown in dotted lines), has the advantage that the mechanism can be constructed either in such a way that after the arming operation of the mechanism it is necessary to manually actuate the secondary closing bolt 37 to cause closing, or construct the mechanism in such a way that the end of the movement which causes the mechanism to be armed automatically triggers it for automatic closing.
  • the actuating force of the mechanism (produced by the relaxation of the first spring or of the second spring) is a force which is initially large and which then decreases, which is unfavorable for efficient operation of the switch.
  • the movement transformation system allows these increasing forces to be made at the level of the main shaft 10.
  • the first spring 30 is used to trigger the closing (with an increasing force obtained thanks to the movement transformation system).
  • the first spring 30 serves to trigger the opening by acting on the second spring drive cam 53, this spring 30 also serves to brake the end of opening (because during the end of the anti-clockwise movement of the central crank 31A, the spring 30 begins to compress), and the second spring 34 is used to supply most of the actuating energy (by producing a shock effect to initiate the opening of the electrical contacts, this shock being produced by the coming into contact of the pin 62 against the left end of the slot 63 - Figure 5).
  • the first spring 30 is used to brake the start of the closing (by pushing on the second spring cocking plate 32 clockwise during from the start of earthing closure (figure 6), this thrust then reversing, passing through a neutral point, thus contributing to the increase in forces towards the end of the earthing closing movement (figure 7)) and the second spring 34 is used to provide most of the actuation energy for the grounding closure.

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  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

An operating mechanism for a switch with three positions, the switch comprises a main shaft (10) supporting or operating contacts and capable of being selectively brought into three stable positions, and a central crank (31A) which is mounted so as to pivot and which can be operated in such a way as to be able to take up the three positions of the main shaft, the mechanism moreover having a mechanical system which produces a kinematic ratio between the angular displacement of the central crank (31A) and that of the main shaft (10) which increases when the central crank 31A passes from the open position to the closed position, from which it results that the force transmitted to the electrical contacts grows continuously when passing from the open position to the closed position. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne de façon générale un mécanisme d'actionnement d'un interrupteur à trois positions, l'interrupteur comprenant un arbre principal supportant ou actionnant des contacts électriques et pouvant être sélectivement amené dans trois positions stables, une position centrale ou position d'ouverture, une position de fermeture d'interrupteur et une position de fermeture de mise à la terre, ledit arbre principal étant relié par des leviers, d'une part à un premier dispositif de commande de fermeture d'interrupteur et d'ouverture et d'autre part à un deuxième dispositif de commande de fermeture de mise à la terre et d'ouverture.The present invention relates generally to a mechanism for actuating a three-position switch, the switch comprising a main shaft supporting or actuating electrical contacts and which can be selectively brought into three stable positions, a central position or position of opening, a switch closing position and a grounding closing position, said main shaft being connected by levers, on the one hand to a first switch closing and opening control device and d on the other hand to a second earthing and opening closing control device.

Un mécanisme de commande connu du genre mentionné ci-avant comporte deux dispositifs de commande qui coopèrent avec un unique ressort imposant des manoeuvres brusques dudit arbre principal, de telle sorte que les leviers transmettent à l'arbre principal un couple croissant à partir de la position centrale vers les positions de fermeture d'interrupteur et de mise à la terre, au point mort de verrouillage stable de l'arbre principal.A known control mechanism of the kind mentioned above comprises two control devices which cooperate with a single spring imposing abrupt maneuvers of said main shaft, so that the levers transmit to the main shaft an increasing torque from the position central to switch closed and earthed positions, in neutral position for stable locking of the main shaft.

Un tel mécanisme de commande ne permet pas d'obtenir une force croissante lors de la fermeture de l'interrupteur et une force décroissante lors de son ouverture.Such a control mechanism does not make it possible to obtain an increasing force when the switch is closed and a decreasing force when it is opened.

D'autre part, un tel mécanisme ne permet pas de pouvoir effectuer un actionnement brusque avec libération d'énergie à la fois lors de l'opération de fermeture d'interrupteur, d'ouverture et de fermeture de mise à la terre.On the other hand, such a mechanism does not allow to be able to carry out a sudden actuation with release of energy at the same time during the operation of closing the switch, opening and closing the earthing.

D'autre part, un tel mécanisme ne permet pas de pouvoir être monté, à partir des mêmes pièces, soit selon une configuration dans laquelle l'action que doit faire un utilisateur pour déclencher la fermeture de l'interrupteur est un mouvement unique effectué sur une seule pièce, soit une autre configuration dans laquelle l'action que doit faire un utilisateur pour déclencher la fermeture de l'interrupteur est une action d'armement et une action indépendante de déclenchement.On the other hand, such a mechanism does not allow it to be mounted, from the same parts, either in a configuration in which the action that a user must do to trigger the closing of the switch is a single movement performed on one piece, another configuration in which the action that a user must take to trigger the closing of the switch is an arming action and an independent triggering action.

Un objet de l'invention consiste à proposer un mécanisme qui ne présente pas les inconvénients précédemment cités en relation avec les mécanismes de l'art antérieur.An object of the invention consists in proposing a mechanism which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above in relation to the mechanisms of the prior art.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le mécanisme d'actionnement d'un interrupteur à trois positions comprenant : un arbre principal supportant ou actionnant des contacts et pouvant être sélectivement amené dans trois positions stables, une position d'ouverture et, de part et d'autre de cette position d'ouverture, respectivement une position de fermeture d'interrupteur et une position de fermeture de mise à la terre ; et une manivelle centrale qui est montée de façon pivotante par rapport à un châssis fixe du mécanisme et qui peut être actionnée de façon à pouvoir prendre trois positions angulaires de pivotement correspondant respectivement auxdites trois positions stables, le mécanisme comprenant un système mécanique de transformation de mouvement qui produit un rapport cinétique entre le déplacement angulaire de la manivelle centrale et celui de l'arbre principal qui augmente lorsque la manivelle centrale 31A passe de la position d'ouverture à la position de fermeture d'interrupteur, d'où il résulte que la force transmise aux contacts électriques croît continuement à mesure que l'on passe de la position d'ouvertureà la position de fermeture d'interrupteur.According to a characteristic of the invention, the actuation mechanism of a three-position switch comprising: a main shaft supporting or actuating contacts and which can be selectively brought into three stable positions, an open position and, on the one hand and on the other side of this open position, respectively a switch closed position and a grounded closed position; and a central crank which is pivotally mounted relative to a fixed frame of the mechanism and which can be actuated so as to be able to assume three angular pivot positions corresponding respectively to said three stable positions, the mechanism comprising a mechanical movement transformation system which produces a kinetic ratio between the angular displacement of the central crank and that of the main shaft which increases when the central crank 31A passes from the open position to the switch closed position, where it follows that the the force transmitted to the electrical contacts increases continuously as one passes from the open position to the closed position of the switch.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le mécanisme d'actionnement comprend un premier ressort et un second ressort, ces deux ressorts étant comprimés simultanément lorsque le mécanisme d'actionnement est en position d'ouverture armée en vue de sa venue en position de fermeture d'interrupteur, en ce que le passage de la position d'ouverture à la position de fermeture d'interrupteur est déclenché par la détente du premier ressort et en ce que le passage de la position de fermeture d'interrupteur à la position d'ouverture est déclenché par la détente du second ressort.According to one embodiment of the invention, the actuation mechanism comprises a first spring and a second spring, these two springs being compressed simultaneously when the actuation mechanism is in the armed open position with a view to coming into position switch closing, in that the transition from the open position to the switch closed position is triggered by the relaxation of the first spring and in that the transition from the switch closed position to the position opening is triggered by the trigger of the second spring.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, le second ressort est en outre comprimé lorsque le mécanisme d'actionnement est en position d'ouverture armée en vue de sa venue en position de fermeture de mise à la terre et en ce que le passage de la position d'ouverture à la position de fermeture de mise à la terre est déclenché par la détente du second ressort.According to another embodiment of the invention, the second spring is further compressed when the actuation mechanism is in the armed opening position with a view to coming into the earthed closing position and in that the passage from the open position to the closed earth position is triggered by the relaxation of the second spring.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, le premier ressort sert en outre à freiner le début de la fermeture, en exerçant une poussée sur une plaque d'armement de second ressort dans un certain sens lors du début du mouvement de fermeture de mise à la terre, cette poussée s'inversant ensuite, en passant par un point mort, au voisinage de la fin du mouvement de fermeture de mise à la terre.According to another embodiment of the invention, the first spring also serves to brake the start of the closing, by exerting a push on an arming plate of the second spring in a certain direction when the closing movement begins. earthing, this thrust then reversing, passing through a neutral point, in the vicinity of the end of the earthing closing movement.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, le mécanisme comprend une manivelle centrale accouplée rigidement à une came centrale, ces deux pièces pivotant ensemble autour de l'axe de l'arbre principal et étant reliées audit système de transformation de mouvement afin de commander celui-ci en vue d'actionner les contacts électriques via l'arbre principal, et une plaque d'armement pivotant indépendament autour de l'axe de l'arbre principal, le premier ressort est intercalé entre un premier vilebrequin et la manivelle centrale, le second ressort est intercalé entre un second vilebrequin et la plaque d'armement, le premier vilebrequin permet d'armer le premier ressort en vue de la fermeture d'interrupteur et est accouplé à une came d'entraînement qui actionne la plaque d'armement afin d'armer simultanément le second ressort en vue de l'ouverture, et le second vilebrequin permet d'armer le second ressort en vue de la fermeture de mise à la terre.According to another embodiment of the invention, the mechanism comprises a central crank rigidly coupled to a central cam, these two parts pivoting together around the axis of the main shaft and being connected to said movement transformation system in order to control this in order to activate the electrical contacts via the main shaft, and a pivoting arming plate independently around the axis of the main shaft, the first spring is interposed between a first crankshaft and the central crank, the second spring is interposed between a second crankshaft and the cocking plate, the first crankshaft allows the cocking of the first spring for closing the switch and is coupled to a drive cam which actuates the arming plate in order to simultaneously arm the second spring for opening, and the second crankshaft makes it possible to arm the second spring for earthing closure.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'extrémité du second ressort opposée au second vilebrequin est reliée à un axe qui est relié à la plaque d'armement et qui est également monté coulissant dans une fente circulaire ménagée dans la came principale, de telle sorte que la plaque d'armement serve à armer le second ressort tandis que l'axe coulisse dans la fente circulaire, que la détente du premier ressort provoque un pivotement dans un certain sens de la came principale tandis que l'axe reste fixe et que la fente circulaire coulisse par rapport à l'axe, et que la détente du second ressort provoque un déplacement de l'axe qui vient buter contre une extrémité de la fente circulaire en provoquant un choc et le pivotement en sens inverse de la came principale.According to another embodiment of the invention, the end of the second spring opposite the second crankshaft is connected to an axis which is connected to the cocking plate and which is also slidably mounted in a circular slot made in the main cam , so that the arming plate is used to arm the second spring while the axis slides in the circular slot, that the relaxation of the first spring causes the main cam to pivot in a certain direction while the axis remains fixed and the circular slot slides with respect to the axis, and that the relaxation of the second spring causes a displacement of the axis which abuts against one end of the circular slot causing a shock and the pivoting in the opposite direction of the main cam.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représenté par les dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un mécanisme selon l'invention, le flasque avant étant ôté afin de clarifier le dessin, l'interrupteur étant en position d'ouverture désarmée ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue éclatée du mécanisme de la figure 1 en position d'ouverture désarmée ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue éclatée du mécanisme de la figure 1 en position d'ouverture armée en vue de la fermeture d'interrrupteur ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue éclatée du mécanisme de la figure 1 en position de fermeture d'interrupteur ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue éclatée du mécanisme de la figure 1 dans une position transitoire lors du passage de la position de fermeture d'interrupteur à la position d'ouverture ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue éclatée du mécanisme de la figure 1 en position d'ouverture armée en vue de la fermeture de mise à la terre ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue éclatée du mécanisme de la figure 1 en position de fermeture de mise à la terre ; et
  • la figure 8 est une vue éclatée du mécanisme de la figure 1 dans une position transitoire lors du passage de la position de fermeture de mise à la terre à la position d'ouverture.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of an embodiment of the invention given by way of nonlimiting example and represented by the appended drawings among which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a mechanism according to the invention, the front flange being removed to clarify the drawing, the switch being in the disarmed open position;
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the mechanism of Figure 1 in the disarmed open position;
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the mechanism of Figure 1 in the armed open position for closing the switch;
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of the mechanism of Figure 1 in the switch closed position;
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the mechanism of Figure 1 in a transient position when passing from the switch closed position to the open position;
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of the mechanism of Figure 1 in the armed open position for the grounding closure;
  • Figure 7 is an exploded view of the mechanism of Figure 1 in the closed grounding position; and
  • Figure 8 is an exploded view of the mechanism of Figure 1 in a transient position when passing from the closed earthing position to the open position.

Sur la figure 1, un arbre principal 10 est monté de façon pivotante, (dont on ne distingue qu'une extrémité vers le haut) sur un flasque supérieur (non représenté) et sur un flasque inférieur 11 et qui supporte ou actionne des contacts électriques (non représentés) afin de pouvoir amener de façon sélective l'interrupteur dans trois positions stables, une position centrale ou position d'ouverture d'interrupteur, une position de fermeture d'interrupteur et une position de fermeture de mise à la terre. Le flasque inférieur 11 et le flasque supérieur (non représenté) sont constitués par des plaques planes et parallèles et sont reliés l'un à l'autre par trois entretoises 13, de telle sorte que l'ensemble du mécanisme d'actionnement selon l'invention soit essentiellement logé entre les deux flasques qui servent de supports fixes ou pivotants pour les différentes pièces qui constituent ce mécanisme. La position d'ouverture d'interrupteur C1 correspond à la position d'ouverture des contacts électriques et les positions de fermeture d'interrupteur C2 et de fermeture de mise à la terre C3 sont situées de part et d'autre par rapport à la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur C1 (figure 2).In FIG. 1, a main shaft 10 is pivotally mounted, (of which only one end can be distinguished upward) on an upper flange (not shown) and on a lower flange 11 and which supports or actuates electrical contacts (not shown) in order to be able to selectively bring the switch into three stable positions, a central position or switch opening position, a switch closing position and a grounding closing position. The lower flange 11 and the upper flange (not shown) consist of flat and parallel plates and are connected to each other by three spacers 13, so that the entire actuation mechanism according to the invention is essentially housed between the two flanges which serve as fixed or pivoting supports for the various parts which constitute this mechanism. The switch opening position C1 corresponds to the opening position of the electrical contacts and the switch closing positions C2 and earthing closing positions C3 are located on either side relative to the position. C1 switch opening (Figure 2).

Sur la figure 2, on distingue le mécanisme d'actionnement de la figure 1 qui est en position d'ouverture d'interrupteur C1. Sur cette figure, on a représenté d'une façon simplifiée les pièces essentielles du mécanisme simultanément suivant quatre graphismes différents dont chacun illustre le même mécanisme dans la même position mais suivant différents modes d'illustration simplifiée, ceci afin de mieux faire comprendre le fonctionnement des pièces du mécanisme. Le même mode de représentation a été fait pour les figures 3 à 8. Chaque figure 2 à 8 comprend de gauche à droite quatre graphismes rerésentant respectivement un système de transformation de mouvement, une partie du mécanisme qui inclut deux ressorts, la position des deux ressorts et le mode de transmission des efforts entre les ressorts et les autres pièces.In Figure 2, there is the actuation mechanism of Figure 1 which is in the switch C1 open position. In this figure, the essential parts of the mechanism have been represented in a simplified manner simultaneously according to four different graphics, each of which illustrates the same mechanism in the same position but according to different simplified illustration modes, this in order to better understand the operation of the parts of the mechanism. The same mode of representation has been made for FIGS. 3 to 8. Each FIG. 2 to 8 comprises from left to right four graphics representing respectively a movement transformation system, part of the mechanism which includes two springs, the position of the two springs and the mode of transmission of the forces between the springs and the other parts.

Sur la figure 2, l'arbre 10 est entraîné par un doigt d'entraînement 25 qui est, sur cette figure, situé dans la position qui correspond à la position d'ouverture de l'interrupteur C1. On voit que ce doigt d'entraînement 25 peut se déplacer sur un arc de cercle autour de l'arbre principal 10, de part et d'autre de cette position d'ouverture d'interrupteur, sur 60° environ. Si le doigt d'entraînement 25 est déplacé vers la droite sur le dessin, il entraînera l'arbre principal 10 dans la position de fermeture d'interrupteur C2, et si le doigt d'entraînement 25 est déplacé vers la gauche sur le dessin, il entraînera l'arbre principal 10 dans la position de fermeture de mise à la terre C3.In Figure 2, the shaft 10 is driven by a drive finger 25 which is, in this figure, located in the position which corresponds to the open position of the switch C1. We see that this drive finger 25 can move on an arc around the main shaft 10, on either side of this switch opening position, about 60 °. If the drive finger 25 is moved to the right in the drawing, it will drive the main shaft 10 into the closed position switch C2, and if the drive finger 25 is moved to the left in the drawing, it will drive the main shaft 10 in the closed grounding position C3.

Le mécanisme comprend un système de transformation de mouvement qui fonctionne de la manière suivante. Une manivelle centrale 31A est supportée de façon pivotante autour de l'arbre principal 10 et elle est reliée par une articulation, comprenant un axe de commande de transformation 41, à une extrémité d'une bielle secondaire de transformation 42 dont l'autre extrémité est reliée par une articulation, comprenant un axe de renvoi de transformation 46, à un renvoi de transformation 43 qui est monté pivotant autour d'un axe de renvoi du système de transformation 16 fixe. Le renvoi de transformation 43 est une pièce ayant une forme générale d'un L qui forme deux branches rigides sensiblement perpendiculaires entre elles dont l'une relie l'axe 16 à l'axe 46 et dont l'autre relie l'axe 16 à un axe de commande de transformation 45 qui permet de relier par articulation le renvoi de transformation 43 à une extrémité d'une bielle principale d'entraînement 44 dont l'autre extrémité est reliée par articulation au doigt d'entraînement 25 de l'arbre principal 10. Le mouvement de pivotement de la manivelle centrale 31A permet de commander, par l'intermédiaire du système de transformation qui vient d'être décrit, de façon sélective, les trois positions C1, C2 et C3 du doigt d'entraînement 25 de l'arbre principal 10.The mechanism includes a movement transformation system which operates as follows. A central crank 31A is pivotally supported around the main shaft 10 and it is connected by an articulation, comprising a transformation control pin 41, to one end of a secondary transformation connecting rod 42 the other end of which is connected by an articulation, comprising a transformation return axis 46, to a transformation return 43 which is pivotally mounted around a return axis of the fixed transformation system 16. The transformation return 43 is a part having the general shape of an L which forms two rigid branches substantially perpendicular to each other, one of which connects the axis 16 to the axis 46 and the other of which connects the axis 16 to a transformation control pin 45 which makes it possible to articulate the transformation reference 43 to one end of a main drive rod 44 whose other end is articulated to the drive finger 25 of the main shaft 10. The pivoting movement of the central crank 31A makes it possible to selectively select the three positions C1, C2 and C3 of the drive finger 25 of the l, via the transformation system which has just been described. main tree 10.

Un axe de manoeuvre d'interrupteur 14 est relié à une manette ou à un dispositif d'actionnement quelconque (non représenté) permettant de commander l'interrupteur afin de l'amener dans la position de fermeture C2. Un axe de manoeuvre de terre 15 est relié à une autre manette ou à un autre dispositif d'actionnement quelconque (non représenté) permettant de commander l'interrupteur afin de l'amener dans ou de lui faire quitter la position de fermeture de mise à la terre C3. Il est prévu un premier dispositif de commande de fermeture et d'ouverture d'interrupteur (qui va être décrit par la suite) qui est actionné par l'axe de manoeuvre d'interrupteur 14 et un second dispositif de commande de fermeture et d'ouverture de mise à la terre (qui va être décrit par la suite) qui est actionné par l'axe de manoeuvre de terre 15.A switch operating axis 14 is connected to a handle or to any actuation device (not shown) for controlling the switch in order to bring it into the closed position C2. An earth operating pin 15 is connected to another lever or to another device any actuation (not shown) for controlling the switch to bring it in or make it leave the closed grounding position C3. There is a first switch closing and opening control device (which will be described later) which is actuated by the switch operating axis 14 and a second closing and opening control device. earthing opening (which will be described later) which is actuated by the earth operating pin 15.

Les premier et second dispositifs de commande de fermeture et d'ouverture sont décrits maintenant. Un premier ressort 30 est disposé de façon générale entre l'axe de manoeuvre d'interrupteur 14 et une articulation ayant un axe 60 situé sur une came centrale 31B. La manivelle centrale 31A et la came centrale 31B sont montées sur un même axe de pivotement et sont reliées l'une à l'autre rigidement. Par conséquent, un pivotemnt d'un certain angle d'une de ces deux pièces provoque le pivotement du même angle de l'autre pièce. Le premier ressort 30 est monté sur un guide de premier ressort 61 dont une extrémité est reliée à l'axe 60 et dont l'autre extrémité est maintenue au niveau de l'axe 14. Le second ressort 34 est disposé de façon générale entre l'axe de manoeuvre de terre 15 et un axe d'extrémité de second ressort 62. Le second ressort 34 est monté sur un guide de second ressort 33 dont une extrémité est reliée à l'axe 62 et dont l'autre extrémité est maintenue au niveau de l'axe 15. Une extrémité du second ressort 34 vient en appui contre le guide de second ressort 33 au voisinage de l'axe 62 et, de la même façon, une extrémité du premier ressort 30 vient en appui contre le guide de premier ressort 61 au voisinage de l'axe 60. L'axe 62 est engagé dans une fente circulaire 63 ménagée dans la came principale 31B, de façon à pouvoir coulisser dans cette fente 63 sur une certaine longueur d'arc centré autour de l'arbre principal 10.The first and second closing and opening control devices are now described. A first spring 30 is generally arranged between the switch operating axis 14 and a joint having an axis 60 located on a central cam 31B. The central crank 31A and the central cam 31B are mounted on the same pivot axis and are rigidly connected to each other. Consequently, a pivoting of a certain angle of one of these two parts causes the pivoting of the same angle of the other part. The first spring 30 is mounted on a first spring guide 61, one end of which is connected to the axis 60 and the other end of which is held at the level of the axis 14. The second spring 34 is generally disposed between the earth axis 15 and a second spring end axis 62. The second spring 34 is mounted on a second spring guide 33, one end of which is connected to the axis 62 and the other end of which is held in place level of the axis 15. One end of the second spring 34 bears against the second spring guide 33 in the vicinity of the axis 62 and, in the same way, one end of the first spring 30 bears against the guide first spring 61 in the vicinity of the axis 60. The axis 62 is engaged in a circular slot 63 formed in the main cam 31B, so as to be able to slide in this slot 63 over a certain length of arc centered around the main shaft 10.

Une certaine rotation de l'axe de manoeuvre d'interrupteur 14 provoque simultanément une compression du premier ressort 30 et une compression du second ressort 34, comme cela va être décrit plus en détails par la suite. Cette rotation de l'axe de manoeuvre d'interrupteur 14 correspond à l'armement de l'interrupteur, c'est-à-dire à l'actionnement de l'interrupteur par une personne afin de le faire passer de la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur désarmée (figure 2) à la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur armée (figure 3).A certain rotation of the switch operating axis 14 simultaneously causes compression of the first spring 30 and compression of the second spring 34, as will be described in more detail below. This rotation of the switch operating axis 14 corresponds to the arming of the switch, that is to say the actuation of the switch by a person in order to move it from the position of disarmed switch opening (Figure 2) to the armed switch opening position (Figure 3).

Les mécanismes permettant d'obtenir ces compressions des ressorts 30 et 34 sont expliqués en détails maintenant. Sur l'axe de manoeuvre d'interrupteur 14, sont montés rigidement un vilebrequin d'armement de premier ressort 27 et une came d'armement de second ressort 53. Par conséquent, la manoeuvre qui consiste à faire tourner sur un certain angle l'axe 14 provoque la rotation sur le même angle à la fois de la pièce 27 et de la pièce 53. Le vilebrequin d'armement de premier ressort 27 comprend un axe excentré d'armement de premier ressort 64 qui se déplace dans une fente 65 du guide de premier ressort 61 en s'appuyant contre une pièce d'appui 66, de telle sorte que la rotation du vilebrequin 27 provoque le déplacement de l'axe 64 dans la fente 65, ce déplacement provoquant le déplacement correspondant de la pièce d'appui 66 et la compression du premier ressort 30 dont l'extrémité distale est en appui contre la pièce d'appui 66. Quand on passe de la figure 2 à la figure 3, le vilebrequin 27 tourne d'environ 180° et provoque ainsi la compression du premier ressort 30. Dans le même temps, la came d'armement de second ressort 53 a une surface de came qui est en appui contre un galet 67 monté sur une extrémité distale d'une bielle d'armement de second ressort 54. Ce galet tourne autour d'une axe 68. La bielle d'armement de second ressort 54 peut coulisser dans une fente (non visible sur les dessins parce que derrière la bielle 54) ménagée dans une pièce de guidage fixe 69, cette fente étant orientée de façon sensiblement radiale par rapport à l'axe de rotation de l'axe de maoeuvre d'interrupteur 14. Il résulte de cela qu'une rotation d'environ 180° de la came d'armement de second ressort 53 provoque un déplacement du galet 67 et par conséquent de la bielle d'armement de second ressort 54 dont l'extrémité proximale est reliée par une articulation 69 à une plaque d'armement de second ressort 32 qui est montée de façon pivotante autour de l'arbre principal 10. Le déplacement sensiblement logitudinal de la bielle d'armement de second ressort 54 provoque un pivotement de la plaque d'armement de second ressort 32. Comme l'extrémité distale du guide de second ressort 33 comporte un axe 62 qui est monté sur cette même plaque d'armement de second ressort 32, le pivotememt de celle-ci provoque le déplacement de cet axe 62 et par conséquent la compression du second ressort 34, comme on peut le voir en considérant le passage de la figure 2 à la figure 3. Le second ressort 34 peut effectivement se comprimer du fait du déplacement de l'axe 62, parce que son extrémité distale est, dans le même temps, maintenue fixe au niveau de l'axe de manoeuvre de terre 15. Comme le vilebrequin d'armement de premier ressort 27 et la came d'armement de second ressort 53 tournent à l'unisson avec l'axe de manoeuvre d'interrupteur 14, une rotation de cet axe 14 d'environ 180° permet effectivement (en passant de la position du mécanisme de la figure 2 à la position du mécanisme de la figure 3) de comprimer simultanément le premier ressort 30 et le second ressort 34, c'est-à-dire de faire passer le mécanisme d'une position d'ouverture d'interrupteur désarmée (figure 2) à une position d'ouverture d'interrupteur armée (figure 3).The mechanisms for obtaining these compressions of the springs 30 and 34 are explained in detail now. On the switch operating axis 14, are rigidly mounted a first spring cocking crankshaft 27 and a second spring cocking cam 53. Consequently, the maneuver which consists in turning the axis 14 causes the rotation of the part 27 and the part 53 at the same angle. The first spring cocking crankshaft 27 comprises an eccentric first spring cocking axis 64 which moves in a slot 65 of the first spring guide 61 pressing against a support piece 66, so that the rotation of the crankshaft 27 causes the displacement of the axis 64 in the slot 65, this displacement causing the corresponding displacement of the component support 66 and the compression of the first spring 30, the distal end of which bears against the support piece 66. When we go from FIG. 2 to FIG. 3, the crankshaft 27 rotates approximately 180 ° and thus causes the compression of the first spring 30. In the same At the same time, the second spring cocking cam 53 has a cam surface which is in abutment against a roller 67 mounted on a distal end of a second spring cocking rod 54. This roller turns around an axis 68. The second spring cocking rod 54 can slide in a slot (not visible on the drawings because behind the connecting rod 54) formed in a fixed guide piece 69, this slot being oriented substantially radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the switch operating axis 14. It follows from this that a rotation of approximately 180 ° of the second spring cocking cam 53 causes a displacement of the roller 67 and consequently of the second spring cocking rod 54 whose proximal end is connected by a joint 69 to a plate second spring cocking arm 32 which is pivotally mounted around the main shaft 10. The substantially logitudinal displacement of the second spring cocking rod 54 causes the second spring cocking plate 32 to pivot. As the end distal of the second spring guide 33 comprises an axis 62 which is mounted on this same second spring arming plate 32, the pivoting thereof causes the displacement of this axis 62 and consequently the compression of the second spring 34, as this can be seen by considering the passage from FIG. 2 to FIG. 3. The second spring 34 can effectively compress due to the displacement of the axis 62, because its distal end is, at the same time, kept fixed at the level of the earth operating axis 15. As the first spring cocking crankshaft 27 and the second spring cocking cam 53 rotate in unison with the switch operating axis 14, a rotation of this axis 14 of approximately 180 ° effectively allows (passing from the position of the mechanism of Figure 2 to the position of the mechanism of Figure 3) to simultaneously compress the first spring 30 and the second spring 34, that is to say to pass the mechanism from a disarmed switch opening position (Figure 2) to an armed switch opening position (Figure 3).

Quand le mécanisme reste ainsi armé (figure 3), les deux ressorts sont comprimés et le mécanisme est prêt pour être déclenché afin de passer d'une façon brusque de la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur C1 à la position de fermeture d'interrupteur C2 (figure 4). Ce déclenchement est obtenu par le fonctionnement d'un mécanisme qui va être décrit maintenant. Ce mécanisme comprend un basculeur 36 qui est constitué par une pièce montée de façon pivotante sur un axe de basculeur 18. Le vilebrequin 27 comprend une protubérance latérale 71 formant une face de commande de basculeur 28 qui, lorsque le vilebrequin 27 est tourné jusqu'à la position armée de la figure 3, vient pousser une face d'appui correspondante 70 du basculeur 36 en faisant ainsi pivoter légèrement le basculeur 36 (dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre sur le dessin de la figure 3). Une surface cylindrique formant la limite externe de la protubérance 71 et qui est en arrière par rapport à la face de commande de basculeur 28 est alors située en face et à proximité du basculeur 36 (figure 3) et, dans cette position, à la fois la face d'appui 70 du basculeur 36 et une protubérance radiale 72 de ce basculeur 36 viennent contre ou à proximité de la surface cylindrique de la protubérance 71 du vilebrequin 27, de telle sorte que le basculeur 36 est tourné d'un certain angle puis est immobilisé, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 3. Un doigt de verrouillage 55 est également prévu sur le basculeur 36 et ce doigt de verrouillage 55 forme sur le basculeur 36 une protubérance radiale qui est sensiblement dirigée à l'opposé par rapport à l'axe de manoeuvre d'interrupteur 14. Le mécanisme comprend en outre un verrou de fermeture 38 qui est constitué par une biellette dont une extrémité est montée pivotante autour d'un axe fixe de verrouillage 20 et dont l'autre extrémité comporte un galet de verrouillage 73 qui, dans la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur armée (figure 3), vient en appui contre une surface d'accrochage avant la fermeture 39 qui est ménagée de façon sensiblement radiale au niveau du pourtour de la came centrale 31B.When the mechanism remains so armed (Figure 3), the two springs are compressed and the mechanism is ready to be triggered in order to suddenly change from the switch open position C1 to the switch close position C2 (Figure 4). This triggering is obtained by the operation of a mechanism which will now be described. This mechanism comprises a rocker 36 which is constituted by a part pivotally mounted on a rocker axis 18. The crankshaft 27 comprises a lateral projection 71 forming a rocker control face 28 which, when the crankshaft 27 is turned up to the armed position of Figure 3, pushes a corresponding bearing face 70 of the rocker 36 thereby slightly pivoting the rocker 36 (counterclockwise in the drawing of Figure 3). A cylindrical surface forming the outer limit of the protrusion 71 and which is behind the rocker control face 28 is then located opposite and near the rocker 36 (Figure 3) and, in this position, both the bearing face 70 of the rocker 36 and a radial protuberance 72 of this rocker 36 come against or near the cylindrical surface of the protuberance 71 of the crankshaft 27, so that the rocker 36 is rotated by a certain angle and then is immobilized, as shown in Figure 3. A locking finger 55 is also provided on the rocker 36 and this locking finger 55 forms on the rocker 36 a radial protuberance which is substantially directed away from the switch operating axis 14. The mechanism further comprises a closing lock 38 which is constituted by a connecting rod, one end of which is pivotally mounted about a fixed locking axis 20 and the other end of which comprises a locking roller 73 which, in the armed switch opening position ( Figure 3), comes to bear against a hooking surface before closing 39 which is formed substantially radially at the periphery of the central cam 31B.

Le mécanisme comporte en outre un verrou secondaire 37 qui est contitué par une pièce montée pivotante autour d'un axe fixe de verrou secondaire 19 et qui comporte un doigt de blocage 75 qui, dans la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur armée (figure 3) vient bloquer le galet 73 afin de la maintenir contre la surface d'accrochage 39 en interdiant ainsi la rotation dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre de la came centrale 31B. Le verrou secondaire 37 comporte en outre un bras de déclenchement de fermeture d'interrupteur 57 et un évidement 76 qui est situé, dans la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur armée de la figure 3, en face du doigt de verrouillage 55 du basculeur 36. Il résulte de cela que, en position d'ouverture d'interrupteur armée de la figure 3, on peut agir sur le bras de déclenchement de fermeture d'interrupteur 57 en le poussant de façon à faire pivoter dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre le verrou secondaire 37, ce pivotement étant possible du fait que le doigt de verrouillage 55 est situé en face de l'évidement 76 et du fait que pendant le pivotement le doigt de verrouillage 55 s'engage dans l'évidement 76 sans faire obstacle à ce pivotement. Ce pivotement dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre du verrou secondaire 37 provoque un déplacement vers le haut du doigt de blocage 75 et son dégagement du galet 73, d'où il résulte que le galet 73 s'écarte de la surface de la came centrale 31B, sous l'action de la poussée du premier ressort comprimé 30, et la came centrale 31B est alors libérée et peut pivoter brusquement, sous l'effet de la détente du premier ressort 30, dans le sens des aiguille d'une montre. Le mécanisme passe alors brusquement de la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur C1 armée de la figure 3 à la position de fermeture d'interrupteur C2 de la figure 4. Ce pivotement brusque dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre de la came centrale 31B provoque un pivotement égal de la manivelle centrale 31A et par conséquent un pivotement de l'axe de manivelle 41. Ce pivotement de l'axe 41 provoque un déplacement longitudinal vers l'extérieur de la bielle secondaire 42, un basculement dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre du renvoi de transformation 43, un déplacement de l'axe de commande de transformation 45, un déplacement (vers la droite sur le dessin) de la bielle principale d'entraînement 44 et en définitive, une rotation dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre de l'arbre principale 10, provoquant ainsi la fermeture des contacts électriques afin d'amener l'interrupteur en position de fermeture d'interrupteur C2 (figure 4).The mechanism further comprises a secondary lock 37 which is formed by a part pivotally mounted around a fixed axis of secondary lock 19 and which comprises a locking finger 75 which, in the armed switch opening position (FIG. 3 ) comes to block the roller 73 in order to maintain it against the attachment surface 39 thereby preventing rotation in the clockwise direction of the central cam 31B. The secondary lock 37 further comprises a switch closing trigger arm 57 and a recess 76 which is located, in the armed switch opening position of FIG. 3, opposite the locking finger 55 of the rocker 36 It follows from this that, in the armed switch opening position of FIG. 3, it is possible to act on the switch closing trigger arm 57 by pushing it so as to rotate in the clockwise direction. shows a secondary lock 37, this pivoting being possible because the locking finger 55 is located opposite the recess 76 and because during the pivoting the locking finger 55 engages in the recess 76 without making obstacle to this pivoting. This pivoting clockwise of the secondary lock 37 causes an upward movement of the locking finger 75 and its disengagement from the roller 73, from which it follows that the roller 73 deviates from the surface of the central cam 31B, under the action of the thrust of the first compressed spring 30, and the central cam 31B is then released and can pivot suddenly, under the effect of the relaxation of the first spring 30, in the direction of the needles of a watch. The mechanism then suddenly changes from the switch opening position C1 armed in FIG. 3 to the switch closing position C2 in FIG. 4. This sudden pivoting in the clockwise direction of the central cam 31B causes an equal pivoting of the central crank 31A and consequently a pivoting of the crank pin 41. This pivoting of the axis 41 causes a longitudinal displacement towards the outside of the secondary connecting rod 42, a tilting in the direction of clockwise of the transformation reference 43, a displacement of the transformation control axis 45, a displacement (to the right in the drawing) of the main drive rod 44 and ultimately, a rotation in the direction anticlockwise of the main shaft 10, thus causing the electrical contacts to close in order to bring the switch to the switch closing position C2 (FIG. 4).

Le déplacement du bras de déclenchement de fermeture 37 peut être effectué soit manuellement soit à l'aide d'un moyen d'actionnement quelconque, par exemple d'un moyen électromagnétique.The displacement of the closing release arm 37 can be carried out either manually or using any actuation means, for example electromagnetic means.

Lors du début du passage de la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur armée (figure 3) à la position de fermeture d'interrupteur (figure 4), le premier ressort 30 est le plus comprimé et par conséquent la force du ressort est à un niveau maximum, cette force diminuant ensuite pour arriver à un niveau minimum lorsque l'interrupteur est parvenu dans la position de fermeture d'interrupteur C2 (figure 4). Cependant, le système de transformation de mouvement qui comprend essentiellement les pièces 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 et permet de modifier cette caractéristique de force décroissante du ressort en faisant en sorte que, au contraire, au niveau de l'arbre principal 10, la force d'actionnement des contacts électriques soit croissante quand le mécanisme passe de la position d'ouverture C1 à la position de fermeture d'interrupteur C2 et soit décroissante quand le mécanisme passe de la position de fermeture d'interrupteur C2 à la position d'ouverture C1. D'autre part, le système de transformation de mouvement permet aussi de faire en sorte que, au niveau de l'arbre principal 10, la force d'actionnement des contacts électriques soit croissante quand le mécanisme passe de la position d'ouverture C1 à la position de fermeture de mise à la terre C3. Ces transformations de caractéristique sont rendues possibles du fait que le rapport cinétique entre le mouvement de la manivelle centrale 31A et l'arbre principal 10 varie en fonction de l'angle selon lequel la manivelle centrale 31A est pivotée.When the transition from the armed switch opening position (FIG. 3) to the switch closing position (FIG. 4) begins, the first spring 30 is the most compressed and therefore the force of the spring is at a maximum level, this force then decreasing to reach a minimum level when the switch has reached the switch closing position C2 (Figure 4). However, the motion transformation system which essentially comprises the parts 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 and makes it possible to modify this characteristic of decreasing force of the spring by ensuring that, on the contrary, at the level of the main shaft 10, the actuation force of the contacts electric is increasing when the mechanism goes from the open position C1 to the switch closed position C2 and is decreasing when the mechanism goes from the switch closed position C2 to the open position C1. On the other hand, the movement transformation system also makes it possible to ensure that, at the level of the main shaft 10, the actuation force of the electrical contacts is increasing when the mechanism passes from the open position C1 to the grounding closing position C3. These characteristic transformations are made possible because the kinetic ratio between the movement of the central crank 31A and the main shaft 10 varies according to the angle at which the central crank 31A is pivoted.

Quand le mécanisme est dans la position de fermeture d'interrupteur C2, le premier ressort 30 est détendu et le second ressort 34 est comprimé. Le vilebrequin d'armement de premier ressort 27 est en outre maintenu dans sa position du fait que la protubérance de vilebrequin 71 est en appui, au niveau de la face d'attaque 28 de la protubérance 71, contre un galet 29 monté sur l'extrémité libre du levier de déclenchement d'ouverture 56. Le mécanisme étant en position de fermeture d'interrupteur C2, il suffit d'actionner le levier de déclenchement d'ouverture 56 en le faisant tourner dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre. Le levier de déclenchement d'ouverture peut être actionné soit manuellement soit à l'aide d'un moyen d'actionnement quelconque, par exemple d'un moyen électromagnétique. A ce moment là, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 5, la protubérance 71 du villebrequin d'armement de premier ressort 27 est libérée du galet 29 et le vilebrequin 27 tourne alors librement et brusquement pour revenir à sa position intiale, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 5. Cette rotation du vilebrequin 27 s'effectue dans le même sens que lors de l'armement, c'est-à-dire dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, et cela est possible parce que, lors de l'armement, l'axe excentré d'armement de premier ressort 64 a dépassé le point mort haut (c'est-à-dire que l'axe 64 a été disposé lors de l'armement au delà d'une ligne reliant l'axe 60 à l'axe 14). Le vilebrequin 27 entraîne dans sa rotation brusque la came d'armement de second ressort 53 et, comme le profil de cette came est une hélice s'étendant sur environ 180° et s'arrêtant brusquement, le début de la rotation de cette came 53 libère son contact avec le galet 67, ce qui a pour conséquence que la plaque d'armement de second ressort 32 n'est plus retenue en rotation par la bielle d'armement de second ressort 54, et cette plaque 32 peut alors tourner brusquement dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre sous la force de compression du second ressort 34. Il résulte de cela que l'axe d'extrémité de second ressort 62 se déplace brusquement dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre et, comme cet axe 62 est logé dans la fente circulaire 63, il vient en butée avec choc contre l'extrémité gauche de cette fente 63, il entraîne en rotation (avec choc) dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre la came centrale 31B afin d'amener cette came jusque dans la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur tel que représentée sur la figure 2. Dans cette position d'ouverture d'interrupteur, les deux ressorts 30 et 34 sont alors détendus et le mécanisme se retrouve donc dans la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur désarmée.When the mechanism is in the switch closed position C2, the first spring 30 is relaxed and the second spring 34 is compressed. The first spring cocking crankshaft 27 is also held in its position because the crankshaft protrusion 71 is in abutment, at the level of the leading face 28 of the protrusion 71, against a roller 29 mounted on the free end of the opening trigger lever 56. The mechanism being in the switch C2 closing position, it suffices to actuate the opening trigger lever 56 by turning it clockwise. The opening release lever can be actuated either manually or using any actuation means, for example electromagnetic means. At that time, as it is represented in FIG. 5, the protuberance 71 of the first spring cocking crankshaft 27 is released from the roller 29 and the crankshaft 27 then turns freely and suddenly to return to its initial position, as shown in FIG. 5. This rotation of the crankshaft 27 is carried out in the same direction as during arming, that is to say in the direction of clockwise, and this is possible because, during arming, the axis offset of first spring arming 64 has exceeded top dead center (that is to say that the axis 64 has been disposed during the arming beyond a line connecting the axis 60 to the axis 14). The crankshaft 27 drives in its sudden rotation the arming cam of second spring 53 and, as the profile of this cam is a helix extending over approximately 180 ° and stopping suddenly, the beginning of the rotation of this cam 53 releases its contact with the roller 67, which has the consequence that the second spring cocking plate 32 is no longer held in rotation by the second spring cocking rod 54, and this plate 32 can then turn abruptly in counterclockwise under the compression force of the second spring 34. As a result, the second spring end axis 62 suddenly moves counterclockwise and, as this axis 62 is housed in the circular slot 63, it abuts with impact against the left end of this slot 63, it rotates (with impact) in the anticlockwise direction the central cam 31B so to bring this cam to da ns the switch open position as shown in Figure 2. In this switch open position, the two springs 30 and 34 are then relaxed and the mechanism is therefore found in the open position of disarmed switch.

Lorsque le mécanisme est en position d'ouverture d'interrupteur désarmée (figure 2), on peut aussi l'actionner en vue de l'amener en position de fermeture de mise à la terre (figure 7). Pour cela, on commence par armer le mécanisme, c'est-à-dire par amener le mécanisme dans la position d'ouverture armée, en vue de la fermeture de mise à la terre de la figure 6. Pour cela, on actionne l'axe de manoeuvre de terre 15. Cet axe de manoeuvre de terre 15 comprend un vilebrequin d'armement de second ressort 51 qui comporte un axe excentré d'armement de second ressort 80 qui se déplace dans une fente 81 ménagée dans l'extrémité distale du guide de second ressort 33 en s'appuyant contre une pièce d'appui 82, de telle sorte que la rotation du vilebrequin 51 provoque le déplacement de l'axe 80 dans la fente 81, ce déplacement provoquant le déplacement correspondant de la pièce d'appui 82 et par conséquent la compression du second ressort 34. Cet actionnement de l'axe de manoeuvre de terre 15 consiste à le faire tourner d'environ 180° afin de l'amener jusqu'à la position qui est représentée sur la figure 6. Dans cette position, la compression du second ressort 34 provoque une poussée vers la gauche de l'extrémité proximale du guide de second ressort 33 et par conséquent de l'axe d'extrémité de second ressort 62, puisque cet axe 62 est fixé au guide de second ressort 33. L'axe d'extrémité de second ressort 62 est engagé dans la fente 63 de la came centrale 31B et est en butée contre l'extrémité gauche de cette fente, de telle sorte que l'axe 62 pousse la came centrale 31B dans le sens de sa rotation dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre. Toutefois, la came centrale 31B est empêchée de tourner ainsi grâce à un levier de maintien de fermeture de terre 48. Ce levier 48 est monté de façon pivotante autour d'un axe fixe 21 et son extrémité proximale comporte un galet 49. Le levier 48 est maintenu dans une position qui est telle que le galet 49 est appliqué contre le pourtour de la came centrale 31B en venant en butée contre une face d'appui 50 de la came centrale 31B, de telle sorte que le levier de maintien de fermeture de terre 48 empêche la rotation dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre de la came centrale 31B. Dans cette position d'ouverture armée en vue de la fermeture de mise à la terre (figure 6), une protubérance 83 du vilebrequin 51 vient à proximité et en face d'une extrémité distale 84 du levier 48, et la poursuite sur un faible angle de rotation de la rotation du vilebrequin 51 provoque la mise en contact de la protubérance 83 avec l'extrémité distale 84 et provoque ensuite la poussée de cette extrémité distale 84 de telle sorte que le levier 48 pivote dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre et ainsi le galet 49 est libéré de son engagement avec le profil de came 74 de la came centrale 31B en libérant cette came centrale qui peut alors tourner brusquement dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre sous l'action du second ressort 34 via l'axe d'extrémité de second ressort 62 en amenant ainsi le mécanisme dans la position de fermeture de mise à la terre du fait de la rotation correspondante de l'arbre principal 10. Cette position de fermeture de mise à la terre est représentée sur la figure 7.When the mechanism is in the disarmed switch open position (Figure 2), it can also be actuated to bring it to the closed grounding position (Figure 7). For this, we start by arming the mechanism, that is to say by bringing the mechanism into the armed open position, with a view to closing the earthing of FIG. 6. For this, we activate the grounding axis 15. This grounding axis 15 comprises a second spring cocking crankshaft 51 which has an eccentric second spring cocking axis 80 which moves in a slot 81 formed in the distal end of the second spring guide 33 by pressing against a support piece 82, so that the rotation of the crankshaft 51 causes the displacement of the axis 80 in the slot 81, this displacement causing the corresponding displacement of the component d 'support 82 and consequently the compression of the second spring 34. This actuation of the earth operating pin 15 consists in rotating it around 180 ° in order to bring it to the position which is shown in the figure 6. In this position, the compression of the second spring t 34 causes a push to the left of the proximal end of the second spring guide 33 and consequently of the second spring end axis 62, since this axis 62 is fixed to the second spring guide 33. The axis second spring end 62 is engaged in the slot 63 of the central cam 31B and is in abutment against the left end of this slot, so that the axis 62 pushes the central cam 31B in the direction of its rotation counterclockwise. However, the central cam 31B is prevented from turning in this way by virtue of an earth closing retention lever 48. This lever 48 is pivotally mounted around a fixed axis 21 and its proximal end comprises a roller 49. The lever 48 is maintained in a position which is such that the roller 49 is applied against the periphery of the central cam 31B coming into abutment against a bearing face 50 of the central cam 31B, so that the closing retention lever of earth 48 prevents rotation of the central cam 31B anti-clockwise. In this armed open position for earthing closure (Figure 6), a protrusion 83 of the crankshaft 51 comes close to and opposite a distal end 84 of the lever 48, and the pursuit on a weak angle of rotation of the rotation of the crankshaft 51 causes the protuberance 83 to come into contact with the distal end 84 and then causes the distal end 84 to push so that the lever 48 pivots counter-clockwise a watch and thus the roller 49 is released from its engagement with the cam profile 74 of the central cam 31B by releasing this central cam which can then suddenly turn anticlockwise under the action of the second spring 34 via the second spring end pin 62, thereby bringing the mechanism into the earthed closing position due to the corresponding rotation of the main shaft 10. This earthed closing position e to earth is shown in figure 7.

Si on veut ensuite faire passer le mécanisme de la position de fermeture de mise à la terre à la position d'ouverture d'interrupteur représentée sur la figure 2, il suffit de faire tourner encore l'axe de manoeuvre de terre sur environ 180° dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre pour le ramener dans sa position initiale. On peut voir cette manoeuvre sur la figure 8 qui correspond à une position transitoire lors du passage de la position de fermeture de mise à la terre à la position d'ouverture. Sur cette figure, on voit que le mécanisme comporte en outre une bielle d'ouverture de terre 35 qui est reliée par articulation à la manivelle centrale 31A et qui comporte à son autre extrémité une fente 85 fermée du côté de son extrémité distale et dans laquelle vient coulisser l'axe 80. Pendant le mouvement de rotation du vilebrequin 51 lors de la manoeuvre consistant à faire passer le mécanisme de la position de fermeture de mise à la terre à la position d'ouverture, l'axe 80 qui tourne avec le vilebrequin 51 est en appui contre l'extrémité distale de la fente 85 et il provoque par conséquent le déplacement longitudinal de la bielle d'ouverture de terre 35 dans le sens de son éloignement par rapport à la partie centrale du mécanisme, et ce déplacement vers l'extérieur de la bielle 35 provoque la rotation dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre de la manivelle centrale 31A. Cette manivelle centrale 31A comporte en outre un doigt 86 qui, dans la position de fermeture de mise à la terre, est en appui contre l'axe d'extrémité de second ressort 62, et il résulte de cela que cette rotation dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre de la manivelle centrale 31A provoque, d'une part l'actionnement de l'arbre principal 10 pour la venue dans la position d'ouverture et d'autre part une certaine compression partielle du second ressort 34. Le doigt 86 sert en outre à transmettre la force de compression du second ressort 34 à la manivelle centrale 31A, cette manivelle centrale étant, du fait de l'action du ressort 34, poussée dans le sens d'un pivotement dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre.If we then want to move the mechanism from the closed earth position to the switch open position shown in Figure 2, it suffices to rotate the earth operating pin further by approximately 180 ° counterclockwise to return it to its original position. We can see this maneuver in Figure 8 which corresponds to a transient position when passing from the closed position to the earth in the open position. In this figure, it can be seen that the mechanism further comprises an earth opening rod 35 which is hingedly connected to the central crank 31A and which comprises at its other end a slot 85 closed on the side of its distal end and in which slides the axis 80. During the rotational movement of the crankshaft 51 during the maneuver consisting in passing the mechanism from the closed earthing position to the open position, the axis 80 which rotates with the crankshaft 51 is in abutment against the distal end of slot 85 and it consequently causes the longitudinal displacement of the earth opening rod 35 in the direction of its distance from the central part of the mechanism, and this displacement towards the outside of the connecting rod 35 causes the central crank 31A to rotate clockwise. This central crank 31A further comprises a finger 86 which, in the earthing closed position, bears against the end axis of the second spring 62, and it follows from this that this rotation in the direction of clockwise from the central crank 31A causes, on the one hand the actuation of the main shaft 10 to come into the open position and on the other hand a certain partial compression of the second spring 34. The finger 86 also serves to transmit the compressive force of the second spring 34 to the central crank 31A, this central crank being, due to the action of the spring 34, pushed in the direction of a pivoting in the opposite direction of the needles d 'a watch.

Dans l'ensemble de la description qui vient d'être faite en relation avec les figures 2 à 8, le basculeur 36 a été décrit de telle sorte que, lors de la manoeuvre faisant passer le mécanisme de la position d'ouverture désarmée à la position d'ouverture armée, ce basculeur 36 passe d'une position (figure 2) dans laquelle il interdit le pivotement du verrou secondaire de fermeture 37 (du fait de la position de son doigt de verrouillage 55) à une position dans laquelle il déverrouille le verrou secondaire de fermeture 37 (du fait que son doigt de verrouillage 55 se trouve alors en face de l'évidement 76 du verrou 37). Dans une variante de montage, on peut utiliser ce même basculeur 36 mais en le retournant, comme cela est représenté en pointillés dans la partie inférieure des figures 3 et 4, de telle sorte que, dans cette position retournée du basculeur 36, son doigt de verrouillage 55 vienne pousser une protubérance 87 de telle sorte que, au voisinage de la fin du mouvement qui amène le mécanisme dans la position d'ouverture armée, le doigt 55 pousse sur la protubérance 87 afin de faire pivoter dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre le verrou secondaire de fermeture 37, d'une façon automatique, en déclenchant ainsi automatiquement l'action brusque de fermeture qui amène le mécanisme dans la position de fermeture d'interrupteur représenté sur la figure 4.Throughout the description which has just been made in relation to FIGS. 2 to 8, the rocker 36 has been described so that, during the maneuver passing the mechanism from the position of disarmed opening to the armed opening position, this rocker 36 passes from a position (FIG. 2) in which it prohibits pivoting of the secondary closing bolt 37 (due to the position of its locking finger 55) at a position in which it unlocks the secondary closing latch 37 (because its locking finger 55 is then located opposite the recess 76 of the latch 37). In a mounting variant, the same rocker 36 can be used but by turning it over, as shown in dotted lines in the lower part of FIGS. 3 and 4, so that, in this turned over position of rocker 36, its finger locking 55 comes to push a protuberance 87 so that, in the vicinity of the end of the movement which brings the mechanism into the armed open position, the finger 55 pushes on the protrusion 87 in order to pivot in the direction of the needles a secondary closing lock watch 37 shows, automatically, thereby automatically triggering the abrupt closing action which brings the mechanism into the switch closing position shown in FIG. 4.

Les caractéristiques essentielles du fonctionnement du mécanisme selon la présente invention sont les suivantes. Lors de l'armement du mécanisme à l'aide l'axe de manoeuvre d'interrupteur 14, on provoque la compression à la fois du premier ressort 30 et du second ressort 34. Cette double compression a pour conséquence qu'après cet armement initial, la détente du premier ressort 30 provoquera l'actionnement brusque du mécanisme afin de l'amener dans la position de fermeture d'interrupteur C2, et ensuite, la détente du second ressort 34 provoquera l'actionnement brusque du mécanisme afin de la ramener dans la position initiale d'ouverture C1. En outre, lors de l'actionnement de l'axe de manoeuvre de terre en vue d'armer le mécanisme qui est dans la position d'ouverture C1 afin de l'amener dans la position de fermeture de mise à la terre, le premier ressort 30 reste détendu et le second ressort 34 est comprimé, ce qui permet ensuite à ce ressort 34 comprimé d'actionner de façon brusque le mécanisme afin de l'amener dans la position de fermeture de mise à la terre C3. Il n'existe pas de moyen pour ramener ensuite de façon brusque, à l'aide d'une détente d'un ressort, le mécanisme depuis la position de fermeture de mise à la terre C3 à la position d'ouverture C1, mais ceci ne constitue pas un inconvénient majeur parce qu'il n'y a en principe pas de courant intense qui passe au travers des contacts électriques de fermeture de mise à la terre. D'autre part, le fait que le basculeur 36 est constitué par une pièce qui, selon qu'elle est montée dans un certain sens (tel que représenté en traits pleins) ou dans l'autre sens qui correspond à un retournement de la pièce (tel que représenté en pointillés), a pour avantage que l'on peut construire le mécanisme soit de telle sorte qu'après l'opération d'armement du mécanisme il faille actionner manuellement le verrou secondaire de fermeture 37 pour provoquer la fermeture, soit construire le mécanisme de telle sorte que la fin du mouvement qui provoque l'armement du mécanisme provoque automatiquement son déclenchement en vue de la fermeture automatique.The essential characteristics of the operation of the mechanism according to the present invention are as follows. When arming the mechanism using the switch operating axis 14, compression of both the first spring 30 and the second spring 34 is caused. This double compression has the consequence that after this initial arming , the relaxation of the first spring 30 will cause the sudden actuation of the mechanism in order to bring it into the closed position of switch C2, and then, the relaxation of the second spring 34 will cause the sudden actuation of the mechanism in order to bring it back into the initial opening position C1. In addition, when actuating the earth maneuvering axis in view to arm the mechanism which is in the open position C1 in order to bring it into the closed grounding position, the first spring 30 remains relaxed and the second spring 34 is compressed, which then allows this compressed spring 34 suddenly actuating the mechanism in order to bring it to the closed grounding position C3. There is no way to bring the mechanism abruptly back, by means of a spring detent, from the closing grounding position C3 to the opening position C1, but this does not constitute a major drawback because there is in principle no intense current which passes through the electrical earthing closure contacts. On the other hand, the fact that the rocker 36 is constituted by a part which, depending on whether it is mounted in a certain direction (as shown in solid lines) or in the other direction which corresponds to a reversal of the part (as shown in dotted lines), has the advantage that the mechanism can be constructed either in such a way that after the arming operation of the mechanism it is necessary to manually actuate the secondary closing bolt 37 to cause closing, or construct the mechanism in such a way that the end of the movement which causes the mechanism to be armed automatically triggers it for automatic closing.

D'autre part, lors de la fermeture (passage de C1 à C2) la force d'actionnement du mécanisme (produite par la détente du premier ressort ou du second ressort) est une force qui est initialement importante et qui va ensuite en diminuant, ce qui est défavorable pour un fonctionnement efficace de l'interrupteur. Le système de transformation de mouvement permet de rendre ces forces croissantes au niveau de l'arbre principal 10.On the other hand, during closing (passage from C1 to C2) the actuating force of the mechanism (produced by the relaxation of the first spring or of the second spring) is a force which is initially large and which then decreases, which is unfavorable for efficient operation of the switch. The movement transformation system allows these increasing forces to be made at the level of the main shaft 10.

Fonctionnement global du mécanisme de commande selon l'invention : Overall operation of the control mechanism according to the invention :

Lors de l'opération de fermeture d'interrupteur, le premier ressort 30 sert à déclencher la fermeture (avec une force croissante obtenue grace au système de transformation de mouvement).During the switch closing operation, the first spring 30 is used to trigger the closing (with an increasing force obtained thanks to the movement transformation system).

Lors de l'opération d'ouverture, le premier ressort 30 sert à déclencher l'ouverture en agissant sur la came d'entraînement de second ressort 53, ce ressort 30 sert aussi à freiner la fin d'ouverture (parce que lors de la fin du mouvement dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre de la manivelle centrale 31A, le ressort 30 commence à se comprimer), et le second ressort 34 sert à fournir la plus grande partie de l'énergie d'actionnement (en produisant un effet de choc pour amorcer l'ouverture des contacts électriques, ce choc étant produit par la venue en contact du l'axe 62 contre l'extrémité gauche de la fente 63 - figure 5).During the opening operation, the first spring 30 serves to trigger the opening by acting on the second spring drive cam 53, this spring 30 also serves to brake the end of opening (because during the end of the anti-clockwise movement of the central crank 31A, the spring 30 begins to compress), and the second spring 34 is used to supply most of the actuating energy (by producing a shock effect to initiate the opening of the electrical contacts, this shock being produced by the coming into contact of the pin 62 against the left end of the slot 63 - Figure 5).

Lors de l'opération de fermeture de mise à la terre, le premier ressort 30 sert à freiner le début de la fermeture (en exerçant une poussée sur la plaque d'armement de second ressort 32 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre lors du début de fermeture de mise à la terre (figure 6), cette poussée s'inversant ensuite, en passant par un point mort, contribuant ainsi à l'augmentation des efforts vers la fin du mouvement de fermeture de mise à la terre (figure 7)) et le second ressort 34 sert à fournir la plus grande partie de l'énergie d'actionnement de la fermeture de mise à la terre.During the grounding closing operation, the first spring 30 is used to brake the start of the closing (by pushing on the second spring cocking plate 32 clockwise during from the start of earthing closure (figure 6), this thrust then reversing, passing through a neutral point, thus contributing to the increase in forces towards the end of the earthing closing movement (figure 7)) and the second spring 34 is used to provide most of the actuation energy for the grounding closure.

Claims (7)

Mécanisme d'actionnement d'un interrupteur à trois positions, l'interrupteur comprenant :
   un arbre principal supportant ou actionnant des contacts et pouvant être sélectivement amené dans trois positions stables, une position d'ouverture (C1) et, de part et d'autre de cette position d'ouverture, respectivement une position de fermeture d'interrupteur (C2) et une position de fermeture de mise à la terre (C3) ; et
   une manivelle centrale (31A) qui est montée de façon pivotante par rapport à un châssis fixe du mécanisme et qui peut être actionnée de façon à pouvoir prendre trois positions angulaires de pivotement correspondant respectivement auxdites trois positions stables,
   le mécanisme étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un système mécanique de transformation de mouvement qui produit un rapport cinétique entre le déplacement angulaire de la manivelle centrale (31A) et celui de l'arbre principal (10) qui augmente lorsque la manivelle centrale 31A passe de la position d'ouverture (C1) à la position de fermeture d'interrupteur (C2), d'où il résulte que la force transmise aux contacts électriques croît continuement à mesure que l'on passe de la position d'ouverture (C1) à la position de fermeture d'interrupteur (C2).Mechanism for actuating a three-position switch, the switch comprising:
a main shaft supporting or actuating contacts and can be selectively brought into three stable positions, an open position (C1) and, on either side of this open position, respectively a switch closed position ( C2) and a grounding closing position (C3); and
a central crank (31A) which is pivotally mounted relative to a fixed chassis of the mechanism and which can be actuated so as to be able to assume three angular pivot positions corresponding respectively to said three stable positions,
the mechanism being characterized in that it comprises a mechanical movement transformation system which produces a kinetic relationship between the angular displacement of the central crank (31A) and that of the main shaft (10) which increases when the central crank 31A passes from the open position (C1) to the switch closed position (C2), whereby the force transmitted to the electrical contacts increases continuously as one passes from the open position ( C1) to the switch closed position (C2). Mécanisme d'actionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un premier ressort (30) et un second ressort (34), ces deux ressorts étant comprimés simultanément lorsque le mécanisme d'actionnement est en position d'ouverture armée en vue de sa venue en position de fermeture d'interrupteur, en ce que le passage de la position d'ouverture à la position de fermeture d'interrupteur est déclenché par la détente du premier ressort (30) et en ce que le passage de la position de fermeture d'interrupteur à la position d'ouverture est déclenché par la détente du second ressort (34).Actuation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a first spring (30) and a second spring (34), these two springs being compressed simultaneously when the actuation mechanism is in the armed open position in view of its coming in switch closed position, in that the passage from the position opening to the switch closed position is triggered by the trigger of the first spring (30) and in that the transition from the switch closed position to the open position is triggered by the trigger of the second spring (34). Mécanisme d'actionnement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le second ressort (34) est en outre comprimé lorsque le mécanisme d'actionnement est en position d'ouverture armée en vue de sa venue en position de fermeture de mise à la terre et en ce que le passage de la position d'ouverture à la position de fermeture de mise à la terre est déclenché par la détente du second ressort (34).Actuating mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that the second spring (34) is further compressed when the actuating mechanism is in the armed open position with a view to coming into the earthed closed position and in that the passage from the open position to the closed earth position is triggered by the relaxation of the second spring (34). Mécanisme d'actionnement selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier ressort (30) sert en outre à freiner le début de la fermeture, en exerçant une poussée sur une plaque d'armement de second ressort (32) dans un certain sens lors du début du mouvement de fermeture de mise à la terre, cette poussée s'inversant ensuite, en passant par un point mort, au voisinage de la fin du mouvement de fermeture de mise à la terre.Actuating mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that the first spring (30) is also used to brake the start of the closing, by pushing on a second spring cocking plate (32) in a certain direction at the start of the grounding closing movement, this thrust then reversing, passing through a neutral point, in the vicinity of the end of the grounding closing movement. Mécanisme d'actionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que :
   le mécanisme comprend une manivelle centrale (31A) accouplée rigidement à une came centrale (31B), ces deux pièces pivotant ensemble autour de l'axe de l'arbre principal (10) et étant reliées audit système de transformation de mouvement afin de commander celui-ci en vue d'actionner les contacts électriques via l'arbre principal (10), et une plaque d'armement (32) pivotant indépendament autour de l'axe de l'arbre principal (10),
   le premier ressort (30) est intercalé entre un premier vilebrequin (27) et la manivelle centrale (31A),
   le second ressort (34) est intercalé entre un second vilebrequin (15) et la plaque d'armement (32),
   le premier vilebrequin (27) permet d'armer le premier ressort (30) en vue de la fermeture d'interrupteur (C2) et est accouplé à une came d'entraînement (53) qui actionne la plaque d'armement (32) afin d'armer simultanément le second ressort (34) en vue de l'ouverture (C1),
   et le second vilebrequin (15) permet d'armer le second ressort (34) en vue de la fermeture de mise à la terre (C3).Actuation mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that:
the mechanism comprises a central crank (31A) rigidly coupled to a central cam (31B), these two parts pivoting together around the axis of the main shaft (10) and being connected to said movement transformation system in order to control that here in order to actuate the electrical contacts via the main shaft (10), and an arming plate (32) pivoting independently around the axis of the main shaft (10),
the first spring (30) is interposed between a first crankshaft (27) and the central crank (31A),
the second spring (34) is interposed between a second crankshaft (15) and the cocking plate (32),
the first crankshaft (27) enables the first spring (30) to be armed for closing the switch (C2) and is coupled to a drive cam (53) which actuates the arming plate (32) so to simultaneously arm the second spring (34) for the opening (C1),
and the second crankshaft (15) makes it possible to arm the second spring (34) for the purpose of closing the earth connection (C3). Mécanisme d'actionnement selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité du second ressort (34) opposée au second vilebrequin (15) est reliée à un axe (62) qui est relié à la plaque d'armement (32) et qui est également monté coulissant dans une fente circulaire (63) ménagée dans la came principale (31B), de telle sorte que la plaque d'armement (32) serve à armer le second ressort (34) tandis que l'axe (62) coulisse dans la fente circulaire (63), que la détente du premier ressort (30) provoque un pivotement dans un certain sens de la came principale (31B) tandis que l'axe (62) reste fixe et que la fente circulaire (63) coulisse par rapport à l'axe (62), et que la détente du second ressort (34) provoque un déplacement de l'axe (62) qui vient buter contre une extrémité de la fente circulaire (63) en provoquant un choc et le pivotement en sens inverse de la came principale (31B).Actuation mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that the end of the second spring (34) opposite the second crankshaft (15) is connected to an axis (62) which is connected to the arming plate (32) and which is also slidably mounted in a circular slot (63) formed in the main cam (31B), so that the cocking plate (32) serves to arm the second spring (34) while the axis (62) slides in the circular slot (63), that the relaxation of the first spring (30) causes the main cam (31B) to pivot in a certain direction while the axis (62) remains fixed and that the circular slot (63) slides relative to the axis (62), and that the relaxation of the second spring (34) causes a displacement of the axis (62) which abuts against one end of the circular slot (63) causing a shock and the pivoting in the opposite direction of the main cam (31B). Mécanisme d'actionnement selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un basculeur (36) qui est tel que, lors de la manoeuvre faisant passer le mécanisme de la position d'ouverture désarmée à la position d'ouverture armée, ce basculeur (36) passe d'une position (figure 2) dans laquelle il interdit le pivotement d'un verrou secondaire de fermeture (37), du fait qu'il comprend un doigt de verrouillage (55), à une position (figure 3) dans laquelle il déverrouille le verrou secondaire de fermeture (37), du fait que son doigt de verrouillage (55) se trouve alors en face d'un évidement (76) du verrou (37), ce basculeur pouvant en outre être retourné de telle sorte que, dans cette position retournée du basculeur (36), son doigt de verrouillage (55) vienne pousser une protubérance (87) du verrou (37) de telle sorte que, au voisinage de la fin du mouvement qui amène le mécanisme dans la position d'ouverture armée, le doigt (55) pousse sur la protubérance 87 afin de faire pivoter le verrou (37) en déclenchant ainsi automatiquement l'action brusque de fermeture qui amène le mécanisme dans la position de fermeture d'interrupteur.Actuation mechanism according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that it further comprises a rocker (36) which is such that, during the maneuver passing the mechanism from the position of disarmed opening to the armed opening position, this rocker (36) passes from a position (FIG. 2) in which it prohibits the pivoting of a secondary closing lock (37), because it comprises a locking finger (55), in a position (FIG. 3) in which it unlocks the secondary closing lock (37), because its locking finger (55) is then located opposite a recess (76) of the lock (37), this rocker being able to be further turned over so that, in this turned over position of the rocker (36), its locking finger (55) comes to push a protuberance (87) of the lock (37) so that , in the vicinity of the end of the movement which brings the mechanism into the armed opening position, the finger (55) pushes on the protuberance 87 in order to pivot the latch (37) thereby automatically triggering the abrupt closing action which brings the mechanism to the switch closed position.
EP93420396A 1992-10-13 1993-10-07 Operating mechanism for a switch with three positions Expired - Lifetime EP0593371B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9212390 1992-10-13
FR9212390A FR2696866B1 (en) 1992-10-13 1992-10-13 Three-position switch actuation mechanism.

Publications (2)

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EP0593371A1 true EP0593371A1 (en) 1994-04-20
EP0593371B1 EP0593371B1 (en) 1996-12-18

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US (1) US5438176A (en)
EP (1) EP0593371B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3532231B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1035907C (en)
CA (1) CA2107817A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69306728T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2096899T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2696866B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3022638T3 (en)
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TR (1) TR27299A (en)

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EP1117111A1 (en) * 2000-01-10 2001-07-18 Schneider Electric Industries SA Actuating mechanism of a contact element of an electrical switch with an articulated parallelogram
WO2012059811A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-10 Larsen & Toubro Limited An improved mechanical interlock, dual toggling and three position mechanism of an electrical load break switch
CN110444417A (en) * 2018-05-04 2019-11-12 施耐德电器工业公司 Dual-power transfer switch and its switching mechanism
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US10818443B2 (en) 2018-05-04 2020-10-27 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Dual power supply transfer switch and switching mechanism thereof
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WO2020200951A1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2020-10-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Spring system for a drive system comprising a coupling, spring system comprising a coupling, drive system comprising a coupling and a spring system and switchgear comprising such a drive system
WO2020201000A1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2020-10-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Coupling, spring system, drive system having a coupling and spring system, and switchgear comprising said drive system
CN113748476A (en) * 2019-03-29 2021-12-03 西门子股份公司 Spring system for a drive system having a coupling, spring system having a coupling, drive system having a coupling and a spring system, and switching installation having such a drive system
CN113811970A (en) * 2019-03-29 2021-12-17 西门子股份公司 Coupling, spring system, drive system with coupling and spring system, and switchgear with such a drive system

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TR27299A (en) 1994-12-29
JPH06203685A (en) 1994-07-22
RU2126565C1 (en) 1999-02-20
JP3532231B2 (en) 2004-05-31
DE69306728D1 (en) 1997-01-30
FR2696866A1 (en) 1994-04-15
CA2107817A1 (en) 1994-04-14
ES2096899T3 (en) 1997-03-16
CN1086343A (en) 1994-05-04
FR2696866B1 (en) 1994-12-02
CN1035907C (en) 1997-09-17
DE69306728T2 (en) 1997-05-28
GR3022638T3 (en) 1997-05-31
EP0593371B1 (en) 1996-12-18
US5438176A (en) 1995-08-01

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