EP0591018B1 - Lichtbogenplasmabrenner und Verfahren zu seiner Anwendung - Google Patents

Lichtbogenplasmabrenner und Verfahren zu seiner Anwendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0591018B1
EP0591018B1 EP93402214A EP93402214A EP0591018B1 EP 0591018 B1 EP0591018 B1 EP 0591018B1 EP 93402214 A EP93402214 A EP 93402214A EP 93402214 A EP93402214 A EP 93402214A EP 0591018 B1 EP0591018 B1 EP 0591018B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
torch
circuit
electrode structure
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93402214A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0591018A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Marhic
Thierry Berlemont
Christian Maocec
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lincoln Electric Co France SA
Original Assignee
La Soudure Autogene Francaise
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Publication of EP0591018A1 publication Critical patent/EP0591018A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arc plasma torch of the type comprising a torch body supporting a nozzle provided with a plasma outlet channel, an electrode structure, movable in the torch body and comprising a front part supporting a electrode extending in the nozzle, the electrode structure being elastically biased in a first direction tending to separate the electrode from the nozzle and comprising a piston means with opposite faces, front and rear, means for fluid pressure for sequentially move the electrode structure in a direction opposite to the first direction then in the first direction, and a plasma gas circuit.
  • a torch of this type is described in document US-A-3,242,305 (Kane).
  • the electrode structure is moved in the direction opposite to the first direction by an actuating gas and, in the first direction, by the cooling water, the plasma gas circuit being formed essentially in the body. torch to lead downstream into the nozzle.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a torch of the above type of simple, robust and reliable construction, with reduced manufacturing costs, requiring no additional cooling fluid or separate actuating fluid circuit.
  • the fluid pressure means comprise a portion of the plasma gas circuit selectively addressing the plasma gas to the two faces, front and rear, of the piston means.
  • the torch and the method according to the invention make it possible to establish a clear short circuit between the electrode and the nozzle, guaranteeing operational safety and a increased reliability.
  • the torch comprises a torch body 1 comprising a front tubular part 2, in the end of which is screwed a nozzle 3 comprising a plasma outlet channel 4, and a rear part in which is mounted an insulating jacket 5 forming a housing for a cylinder housing 6 having an internal bore 7 closed at the upper end (in the drawing) by a bottom 8 traversed by a central bore 9.
  • the elements 5 and 6 are held in the body of torch 1 by an annular bottom flange 10 of insulating material.
  • a tube 11 for supplying plasma gas, typically air, is fixed to the body 1 and opens out in a through passage 12 formed in the jacket 5 and opening itself in a peripheral groove 13 of the housing 6 communicating with the internal bore 7 by a series of radial passages 14.
  • the rear part forming a piston 15 of an electrode structure comprising a tubular front part 16 on the end of which is mounted in a sealed manner a hollow electrode 17 partially received in the nozzle 3, the end of which has an arc-forming insert 18, for example made of hafnium.
  • the front part 16 and the electrode 17 define, in the front part 2 of the torch body and the nozzle 3, an annular chamber 19 communicating with the open or front end of the bore 7.
  • a tubular element 21 extending as far as the electrode 17 and defining internally, in the stepped bore 20, an annular chamber 22 communicating with the annular chamber 19 by at least one transverse passage 23 formed in the front part of the electrode 16.
  • the rear part 15 of the electrode structure forms a rear piston face 24, facing the bottom 8, and a front piston face 25 exposed to pressure in the annular chamber 19.
  • the rear part 15 has a wide peripheral groove 26 separating two peripheral bearing surfaces in the bore 7, the rear peripheral bearing leaving a slight clearance 27 establishing a restricted communication between the groove 26, which permanently communicates with the supply pipe 11, and a rear chamber 28 between the bottom 8 and the rear piston face 24.
  • at least one internal passage 29 establishes communication between the groove 26 and the rear end of the tubular element 21.
  • the rear part 15 is extended, towards the rear, by a tubular tail 30 extending with sliding just in the bore 9 and forming a rear bearing surface for a spacer spring 31 s pushing the electrode structure 15-16 and the electrode 17 backwards, that is to say away from the channel 4 of the nozzle 3.
  • the rear part 15 of the electrode structure comprises a stepped bore 32 opening out towards the rear and closed by a block 33 forming the tail 30 and comprising a central bore 34 in which is slidably mounted a drawer 35 integral with a piston 36 sliding in the bore 32 and biased towards the rear by a spring 37.
  • Radial passages 38 establish permanent communication between the groove 26 and the portion of the bore 32 between the piston 36 and the block 33.
  • the latter comprises, at its rear, a transverse passage 39 establishing selective communication between the chamber 28 and the bore 34 according to the position of the slide 35 controlled by the piston 36.
  • a skirt 40 is mounted on the torch body surrounding the base of the front part 2 of the torch body and defining with the latter an annular chamber 41 opening out towards the front and communicating with the annular chamber 19 by radial passages 42 formed in the front part 2, at the rear of it.
  • the plasma gas pressure continues to increase in the groove 26 and the passages 38, and reaches a level such that it causes the piston 36 to move forward, against its return spring 37, displacing thus the drawer 35 to release the communication between the passage 39 and the vent hole 34, which causes a sudden decrease in the pressure in the chamber 28, which, no longer compensating for the return force of the spring 31 and the increased pressure, in the chamber 19, due to the temporary closure of the channel 4, exerted on the front face 25, causes a retreat of the electrode structure 15-16 and of the electrode 17, thus opening the short circuit and causing a spark igniting the pilot arc and the plasma jet of the plasma gas escaping through the channel 4.
  • This configuration is shown in Figure 3.
  • the plasma gas flow is mainly directed to the plasma outlet channel 4 via the passages 29, 21, 20, inside the electrode structure 15- 16, and 19, outside of the latter, which is thus properly cooled.
  • Part of the flow, not participating in the formation of plasma is evacuated around the front part 2 of the body of the torch and of the nozzle 3, typically in an insulating peripheral skirt 40 (fig. 2) connected to the torch housing (not shown), and thus also cooling the last elements.
  • the electrode 17 and the nozzle 3 are normally kept apart from one another. In an intermediate phase of rise in plasma gas pressure, they are temporarily short-circuited and it is only from a precise plasma gas pressure, close to the nominal operating pressure of the torch, that ignition is caused.
  • the electrode structure 15-16 retains its previous "retracted” position and the spring 37 recalls the drawer 35 in its rear position, the torch then recovering its configuration of FIG. 1, ready to a new start-up phase sequence.
  • the electrode 17 advantageously being of cuprochrome.
  • the insulating jacket 5, as well as the crimping flange 10, are advantageously made of plastic material loaded with glass fibers.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Lichtbogenplasmabrenner, der folgendes umfaßt:
    - einen Brennerkörper (1, 2), der eine mit einem Plasmaausgangskanal (4) versehene Düse (3) stützt;
    - eine Elektrodenkonstruktion (15, 16), die in dem Brennerkörper verschiebbar ist und einen vorderen Teil (16) umfaßt, der eine sich in der Düse (3) erstreckende Elektrode (17) stützt;
    - wobei die Elektrodenkonstruktion in eine erste Richtung dahingehend elastisch vorgespannt ist, daß die Elektrode (17) von dem Kanal (4) entfernt wird, und wobei sie ein Kolbenmittel mit einer vorderen Fläche (25) und einer hinteren Fläche (24), die einander gegenüberliegen, umfaßt;
    - Fluiddruckmittel zum aufeinanderfolgenden Verschieben der Elektrodenkonstruktion (15, 16) in eine der ersten Richtung entgegengesetzte Richtung und dann in die erste Richtung; und
    - einen Plasmagaskreis,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fluiddruckmittel einen Plasmagaskreisabschnitt umfassen, der das Gas gezielt auf die vordere und hintere Fläche des Kolbenmittels richtet.
  2. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kreisabschnitt einen ersten Kreisteil (19), über den die vordere Fläche (25) ununterbrochen dem Plasmagas ausgesetzt ist, und einen zweiten Kreisteil (27, 28), über den die hintere Fläche (24) vorübergehend einem Druck des Plasmagases ausgesetzt ist, umfaßt.
  3. Brenner nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem ersten Kreisteil (19) um einen nachgeschalteten Teil des der Düse (3) das Plasmagas zuführenden Kreises handelt.
  4. Brenner nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Kreisteil ein durch einen Kolben betätigbares Ventil (35) aufweist.
  5. Brenner nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem Ventil (35) um ein Auslaßventil handelt.
  6. Brenner nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventil (35) und der Kolben (36) in einem hinteren Teil (15) der Elektrodenkonstruktion angeordnet sind.
  7. Brenner nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der hintere Teil (15) der Elektrodenkonstruktion die vordere Fläche (25) und die hintere Fläche (24) des Kolbenmittels bildet.
  8. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vordere Teil (16) der Elektrodenkonstruktion und die Elektrode (17) einen nachgeschalteten Abschnitt (19) des ersten Teils des Plasmagaskreises außen definieren.
  9. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vordere Teil (16) der Elektrodenkonstruktion und die Elektrode (17) einen vorgeschalteten Abschnitt (21, 22) des ersten Teils des Plasmagaskreises innen definieren.
  10. Brenner nach Anspruch 8 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vordere Teil (16) der Elektrodenkonstruktion einen Querdurchgang (23) umfaßt, der die Verbindung zwischen dem vorgeschalteten und dem nachgeschalteten Abschnitt des ersten Teils des Plasmakreises herstellt.
  11. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er zwischen einem Ende (30) des hinteren Teils (15) der Elektrodenkonstruktion und dem Brennerkörper (1, 10) eine Feder (31) umfaßt.
  12. Verfahren zur Anwendung eines Plasmabrenners, der eine durch Fluiddruck bezüglich einer Düse (3) verschiebbare Elektrode (17) umfaßt, die während der Ruhezeit von der Düse weg elastisch vorgespannt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die folgenden aufeinanderfolgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    - Einleiten des Plasmagases in den Brenner;
    - Verschieben der Elektrode (17) zur Düse (3) hin mit einem Teil des Plasmagases; und
    - Verschieben der Elektrode (17) in einem Abstand zur Düse (3) mit einem zweiten Teil des Plasmagases.
EP93402214A 1992-10-02 1993-09-13 Lichtbogenplasmabrenner und Verfahren zu seiner Anwendung Expired - Lifetime EP0591018B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9212110A FR2696613B1 (fr) 1992-10-02 1992-10-02 Torche à plasma d'arc et procédé de mise en Óoeuvre.
FR9212110 1992-10-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0591018A1 EP0591018A1 (de) 1994-04-06
EP0591018B1 true EP0591018B1 (de) 1997-03-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93402214A Expired - Lifetime EP0591018B1 (de) 1992-10-02 1993-09-13 Lichtbogenplasmabrenner und Verfahren zu seiner Anwendung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0591018B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69308448T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0591018T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2696613B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3581001B1 (de) * 2017-02-09 2023-08-23 Hypertherm, Inc. Wirbelring mit bewegbares kontaktelement für eine plasmalichtbogenbrennerkartusche

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2750286B1 (fr) * 1996-06-24 1998-07-24 Soudure Autogene Francaise Tete de torche a plasma
IT241781Y1 (it) * 1996-07-18 2001-05-17 Trafimet Spa Torcia per taglio al plasma con accensione senza alta frequenza condispositivi ad aria di raffreddamento dell'elettrodo migliorati.
US6969819B1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-11-29 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch
CA2642206C (en) * 2006-02-17 2016-06-07 Hypertherm, Inc. Electrode for a contact start plasma arc torch and contact start plasma arc torch employing such electrodes
US20120031881A1 (en) * 2010-08-09 2012-02-09 The Esab Group, Inc. Blow-Back Plasma Arc Torch With Shield Fluid-Cooled Electrode
US8283594B2 (en) 2010-08-09 2012-10-09 The Esab Group, Inc. System and method for supplying fluids to a plasma arc torch
CN104081882B (zh) 2012-01-06 2017-06-30 海别得公司 用于接触启动式等离子弧焊炬的电极及使用该电极的接触启动式等离子弧焊炬
US11432393B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2022-08-30 Hypertherm, Inc. Cost effective cartridge for a plasma arc torch
US11684995B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2023-06-27 Hypertherm, Inc. Cost effective cartridge for a plasma arc torch
RU2693233C2 (ru) 2014-08-12 2019-07-01 Гипертерм, Инк. Затратоэффективная головка для плазменно-дуговой горелки
US10335888B2 (en) 2016-02-12 2019-07-02 Hypertherm, Inc. Swirl ring and contact element for a plasma arc torch cartridge
US11701734B2 (en) 2019-07-25 2023-07-18 The Esab Group, Inc. Apparatus and methods associated with operating a plasma torch
CZ2019808A3 (cs) * 2019-12-30 2021-07-07 B&Bartoni, spol. s r.o. Sestava plazmového obloukového hořáku s kontaktním startem

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3242305A (en) * 1963-07-03 1966-03-22 Union Carbide Corp Pressure retract arc torch
US4748312A (en) * 1986-04-10 1988-05-31 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Plasma-arc torch with gas cooled blow-out electrode
US4791268A (en) * 1987-01-30 1988-12-13 Hypertherm, Inc. Arc plasma torch and method using contact starting
FR2626206B1 (fr) * 1988-01-25 1990-05-18 Soudure Autogene Francaise Torche et machine de travail a l'arc, et cartouche pour cette torche
FR2669847B1 (fr) * 1990-11-29 1995-11-24 Trafimet Trafilerie Metalliche Chalumeau coupeur a plasma, dans lequel le declenchement de l'amorcage est realise a l'aide d'un contact.
FR2674161B1 (fr) * 1991-03-22 1993-06-11 Soudure Autogene Francaise Pistolet de decoupage de tole.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3581001B1 (de) * 2017-02-09 2023-08-23 Hypertherm, Inc. Wirbelring mit bewegbares kontaktelement für eine plasmalichtbogenbrennerkartusche

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0591018T3 (da) 1997-09-08
DE69308448T2 (de) 1997-10-23
EP0591018A1 (de) 1994-04-06
FR2696613B1 (fr) 1995-03-03
FR2696613A1 (fr) 1994-04-08
DE69308448D1 (de) 1997-04-10

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