EP0591018B1 - Arc plasma torch and method of application - Google Patents

Arc plasma torch and method of application Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0591018B1
EP0591018B1 EP93402214A EP93402214A EP0591018B1 EP 0591018 B1 EP0591018 B1 EP 0591018B1 EP 93402214 A EP93402214 A EP 93402214A EP 93402214 A EP93402214 A EP 93402214A EP 0591018 B1 EP0591018 B1 EP 0591018B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
torch
circuit
electrode structure
nozzle
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93402214A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0591018A1 (en
Inventor
Gérard Marhic
Thierry Berlemont
Christian Maocec
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Lincoln Electric Co France SA
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La Soudure Autogene Francaise
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles

Description

La présente invention concerne une torche à plasma d'arc du type comportant un corps de torche supportant une tuyère munie d'un canal de sortie de plasma, une structure d'électrode, déplaçable dans le corps de torche et comportant une partie avant supportant une électrode s'étendant dans la tuyère, la structure d'électrode étant sollicitée élastiquement dans une première direction tendant à écarter l'électrode de la tuyère et comportant un moyen de piston à faces opposées, avant et arrière, des moyens à pression de fluide pour séquentiellement déplacer la structure d'électrode dans une direction opposée à la première direction puis dans la première direction, et un circuit de gaz plasmagène.The present invention relates to an arc plasma torch of the type comprising a torch body supporting a nozzle provided with a plasma outlet channel, an electrode structure, movable in the torch body and comprising a front part supporting a electrode extending in the nozzle, the electrode structure being elastically biased in a first direction tending to separate the electrode from the nozzle and comprising a piston means with opposite faces, front and rear, means for fluid pressure for sequentially move the electrode structure in a direction opposite to the first direction then in the first direction, and a plasma gas circuit.

Une torche de ce type est décrite dans le document US-A-3.242.305 (Kane). Dans ce document, la structure d'électrode est déplacée dans la direction opposée à la première direction par un gaz d'actionnement et, dans la première direction, par l'eau de refroidissement, le circuit de gaz plasmagène étant formé essentiellement dans le corps de torche pour déboucher, en aval, dans la tuyère.A torch of this type is described in document US-A-3,242,305 (Kane). In this document, the electrode structure is moved in the direction opposite to the first direction by an actuating gas and, in the first direction, by the cooling water, the plasma gas circuit being formed essentially in the body. torch to lead downstream into the nozzle.

La présente invention a pour objet de proposer une torche du type ci-dessus de construction simple, robuste et fiable, de coûts de fabrication réduits, ne nécessitant pas de fluide additionnel de refroidissement ni de circuit séparé de fluide d'actionnement.The object of the present invention is to propose a torch of the above type of simple, robust and reliable construction, with reduced manufacturing costs, requiring no additional cooling fluid or separate actuating fluid circuit.

Pour ce faire, selon une caractéristique de l'invention, les moyens à pression de fluide comprennent une portion du circuit de gaz plasmagène adressant sélectivement le gaz plasmagène aux deux faces, avant et arrière, du moyen de piston.To do this, according to a characteristic of the invention, the fluid pressure means comprise a portion of the plasma gas circuit selectively addressing the plasma gas to the two faces, front and rear, of the piston means.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques plus particulières de l'invention :

  • la portion de circuit de gaz plasmagène comprend une première partie de circuit exposant en permanence la face avant du moyen de piston au gaz plasmagène et une deuxième partie de circuit via laquelle la face arrière est exposée temporairement à une pression du gaz plasmagène ;
  • la première partie de circuit est une partie aval du circuit d'amenée de gaz plasmagène à la tuyère ;
  • la deuxième partie de circuit comporte un clapet, typiquement un clapet de décharge, actionnable par un piston, le clapet et le piston étant avantageusement disposés dans une partie arrière de la structure d'électrode.
According to other more specific characteristics of the invention:
  • the portion of the plasma gas circuit includes a first portion of the circuit permanently exposing the front face of the piston means to the plasma gas and a second portion of the circuit via which the rear face is temporarily exposed to pressure of the plasma gas;
  • the first part of the circuit is a downstream part of the circuit for supplying plasma gas to the nozzle;
  • the second circuit part comprises a valve, typically a discharge valve, actuable by a piston, the valve and the piston advantageously being arranged in a rear part of the electrode structure.

La présente invention a également pour objet de proposer un procédé simplifié et fiable de mise en oeuvre d'une torche à plasma comportant une électrode déplaçable par pression de fluide par rapport à une tuyère et sollicitée à l'écart de cette dernière en période de repos, le procédé étant caractérisé par les étapes successives suivantes :

  • introduire le gaz plasmagène dans la torche ;
  • déplacer l'électrode vers la tuyère avec une partie du gaz plasmagène ;
  • puis déplacer l'électrode à l'écart de la tuyère avec une deuxième partie du gaz plasmagène.
The present invention also aims to provide a simplified and reliable method of implementing a plasma torch comprising an electrode displaceable by fluid pressure with respect to a nozzle and urged away from the latter during the rest period , the method being characterized by the following successive steps:
  • introduce the plasma gas into the torch;
  • move the electrode to the nozzle with part of the plasma gas;
  • then move the electrode away from the nozzle with a second part of the plasma gas.

Outre les avantages sus-mentionnés de simplicité d'exécution et de mise en oeuvre, la torche et le procédé selon l'invention permettent d'établir un court-circuit franc entre l'électrode et la tuyère, garantissant une sécurité de fonctionnement et une fiabilité accrues.In addition to the above-mentioned advantages of simplicity of execution and implementation, the torch and the method according to the invention make it possible to establish a clear short circuit between the electrode and the nozzle, guaranteeing operational safety and a increased reliability.

D'autres caractéristiques et les avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description suivante de modes de réalisation donnés à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif, faite en relation avec les dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • les figures 1 à 3 sont des vues en coupe longitudinale d'une torche selon l'invention, respectivement en position de repos, en position d'établissement de court-circuit et en position opérationnelle de génération d'arc.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the following description of embodiments given by way of illustration but in no way limiting, made in relation to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figures 1 to 3 are views in longitudinal section of a torch according to the invention, respectively in the rest position, in the short-circuit establishment position and in the operational arc generation position.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la torche comporte un corps de torche 1 comportant une partie tubulaire avant 2, dans l'extrémité de laquelle est vissée une tuyère 3 comportant un canal 4 de sortie de plasma, et une partie arrière dans laquelle est montée une chemise isolante 5 formant logement pour un boîtier-cylindre 6 comportant un alésage interne 7 fermé à l'extrémité supérieure (sur le dessin) par un fond 8 traversé par un alésage central 9. Les éléments 5 et 6 sont maintenus dans le corps de torche 1 par une bride de fond annulaire 10 en matériau isolant. Une tubulure 11 d'amenée de gaz plasmagène, typiquement de l'air, est fixée au corps 1 et débouche dans un passage traversant 12 formé dans la chemise 5 et débouchant lui-même dans une rainure périphérique 13 du boîtier 6 communiquant avec l'alésage interne 7 par une série de passages radiaux 14.In the embodiment shown, the torch comprises a torch body 1 comprising a front tubular part 2, in the end of which is screwed a nozzle 3 comprising a plasma outlet channel 4, and a rear part in which is mounted an insulating jacket 5 forming a housing for a cylinder housing 6 having an internal bore 7 closed at the upper end (in the drawing) by a bottom 8 traversed by a central bore 9. The elements 5 and 6 are held in the body of torch 1 by an annular bottom flange 10 of insulating material. A tube 11 for supplying plasma gas, typically air, is fixed to the body 1 and opens out in a through passage 12 formed in the jacket 5 and opening itself in a peripheral groove 13 of the housing 6 communicating with the internal bore 7 by a series of radial passages 14.

Dans l'alésage 7 du boîtier-cylindre 6 est montée à coulissement la partie arrière formant piston 15 d'une structure d'électrode comportant une partie avant tubulaire 16 sur l'extrémité de laquelle est montée de façon étanche une électrode creuse 17 partiellement reçue dans la tuyère 3 dont l'extrémité comporte un insert de formation d'arc 18, par exemple en hafnium. La partie avant 16 et l'électrode 17 définissent, dans la partie avant 2 du corps de torche et la tuyère 3, une chambre annulaire 19 communiquant avec l'extrémité ouverte ou avant de l'alésage 7. Dans un alésage étagé central 20 formé dans la partie avant 16 de la structure d'électrode est disposé un élément tubulaire 21 se prolongeant jusque dans l'électrode 17 et définissant intérieurement, dans l'alésage étagé 20, une chambre annulaire 22 communiquant avec la chambre annulaire 19 par au moins un passage transversal 23 formé dans la partie avant de l'électrode 16.In the bore 7 of the cylinder housing 6 is slidably mounted the rear part forming a piston 15 of an electrode structure comprising a tubular front part 16 on the end of which is mounted in a sealed manner a hollow electrode 17 partially received in the nozzle 3, the end of which has an arc-forming insert 18, for example made of hafnium. The front part 16 and the electrode 17 define, in the front part 2 of the torch body and the nozzle 3, an annular chamber 19 communicating with the open or front end of the bore 7. In a central stepped bore 20 formed in the front part 16 of the electrode structure is arranged a tubular element 21 extending as far as the electrode 17 and defining internally, in the stepped bore 20, an annular chamber 22 communicating with the annular chamber 19 by at least one transverse passage 23 formed in the front part of the electrode 16.

La partie arrière 15 de la structure d'électrode forme une face de piston arrière 24, en regard du fond 8, et une face de piston avant 25 exposée à la pression dans la chambre annulaire 19. La partie arrière 15 comporte une large rainure périphérique 26 séparant deux portées périphériques de coulissement dans l'alésage 7, la portée périphérique arrière ménageant un léger jeu 27 établissant une communication avec restriction entre la rainure 26, qui communique en permanence avec la tubulure d'amenée 11, et une chambre arrière 28 entre le fond 8 et la face de piston arrière 24. Dans la partie arrière de la structure d'électrode, au moins un passage intérieur 29 établit une communication entre la rainure 26 et l'extrémité arrière de l'élément tubulaire 21. La partie arrière 15 est prolongée, vers l'arrière, par une queue tubulaire 30 s'étendant à coulissement juste dans l'alésage 9 et formant une portée arrière d'appui pour un ressort écarteur 31 sollicitant la structure d'électrode 15-16 et l'électrode 17 vers l'arrière, c'est-à-dire à l'écart du canal 4 de la tuyère 3.The rear part 15 of the electrode structure forms a rear piston face 24, facing the bottom 8, and a front piston face 25 exposed to pressure in the annular chamber 19. The rear part 15 has a wide peripheral groove 26 separating two peripheral bearing surfaces in the bore 7, the rear peripheral bearing leaving a slight clearance 27 establishing a restricted communication between the groove 26, which permanently communicates with the supply pipe 11, and a rear chamber 28 between the bottom 8 and the rear piston face 24. In the rear part of the electrode structure, at least one internal passage 29 establishes communication between the groove 26 and the rear end of the tubular element 21. The rear part 15 is extended, towards the rear, by a tubular tail 30 extending with sliding just in the bore 9 and forming a rear bearing surface for a spacer spring 31 s pushing the electrode structure 15-16 and the electrode 17 backwards, that is to say away from the channel 4 of the nozzle 3.

La partie arrière 15 de la structure d'électrode comporte un alésage étagé 32 débouchant vers l'arrière et obturé par un bloc 33 formant la queue 30 et comportant un alésage central 34 dans lequel est monté à coulissement un tiroir 35 solidaire d'un piston 36 coulissant dans l'alésage 32 et sollicité vers l'arrière par un ressort 37. Des passages radiaux 38 établissent une communication permanente entre la rainure 26 et la portion de l'alésage 32 entre le piston 36 et le bloc 33. Ce dernier comporte, à son arrière, un passage transversal 39 établissant une communication sélective entre la chambre 28 et l'alésage 34 selon la position du tiroir 35 commandé par le piston 36.The rear part 15 of the electrode structure comprises a stepped bore 32 opening out towards the rear and closed by a block 33 forming the tail 30 and comprising a central bore 34 in which is slidably mounted a drawer 35 integral with a piston 36 sliding in the bore 32 and biased towards the rear by a spring 37. Radial passages 38 establish permanent communication between the groove 26 and the portion of the bore 32 between the piston 36 and the block 33. The latter comprises, at its rear, a transverse passage 39 establishing selective communication between the chamber 28 and the bore 34 according to the position of the slide 35 controlled by the piston 36.

Sur le corps de torche est montée une jupe 40 entourant l'embase de la partie avant 2 du corps de torche et définissant avec cette dernière une chambre annulaire 41 débouchant vers l'avant et communiquant avec la chambre annulaire 19 par des passages radiaux 42 formés dans la partie avant 2, à l'arrière de celle-ci.A skirt 40 is mounted on the torch body surrounding the base of the front part 2 of the torch body and defining with the latter an annular chamber 41 opening out towards the front and communicating with the annular chamber 19 by radial passages 42 formed in the front part 2, at the rear of it.

Le fonctionnement de la torche qui vient d'être décrite, est le suivant :The operation of the torch which has just been described is as follows:

Dans la position de repos représentée sur la figure 1 (sans introduction de gaz plasmagène), l'électrode 17 est maintenue écartée du canal 4 par l'action du ressort 31. Le passage 39 est obturé par le tiroir 35 en position arrière sous l'effet du ressort 37.In the rest position shown in Figure 1 (without introduction of plasma gas), the electrode 17 is kept spaced from the channel 4 by the action of the spring 31. The passage 39 is closed by the drawer 35 in the rear position under the effect of spring 37.

Lorsqu'on introduit du gaz plasmagène sous pression par le conduit 11, celui-ci pénètre dans la rainure 26 et, de là, dans la chambre 28 par le jeu 27 et, parallèlement, jusqu'au canal 4 et la chambre externe 41 par les passages 29, 21, 22, 23, dans la structure d'électrode, la chambre 19 et les passages 42. La pression monte rapidement dans la petite chambre fermée 28 alors que la pression exercée sur la face avant 25 monte plus lentement en raison des fuites par le canal 4 et les passages 42, 41. La structure d'électrode se trouve ainsi déplacée brusquement vers l'avant et amène l'électrode 17 à percuter la tuyère 3 en occasionnant, comme représenté sur la figure 2, un court-circuit franc entre cette dernière, reliée à un pôle positif d'un générateur électrique, et l'électrode 17 reliée, via la queue 30, au pôle négatif de ce générateur. La pression de gaz plasmagène continue cependant d'augmenter dans la rainure 26 et les passages 38, et atteint un niveau tel qu'elle provoque le déplacement du piston 36 vers l'avant, à l'encontre de son ressort de rappel 37, déplaçant ainsi le tiroir 35 pour libérer la communication entre le passage 39 et l'alésage de mise à l'air libre 34, ce qui provoque une brusque diminution de la pression dans la chambre 28, qui, ne compensant plus la force de rappel du ressort 31 et la pression accrue, dans la chambre 19, en raison de la fermeture temporaire du canal 4, exercée sur la face avant 25, provoque un recul de la structure d'électrode 15-16 et de l'électrode 17, ouvrant ainsi le court-circuit et provoquant une étincelle allumant l'arc pilote et le jet de plasma du gaz plasmagène s'échappant par le canal 4. Cette configuration est représentée sur la figure 3. En fonctionnement, le flux de gaz plasmagène est pour l'essentiel adressé au canal de sortie de plasma 4 via les passages 29, 21, 20, à l'intérieur de la structure d'électrode 15-16, et 19, à l'extérieur de cette dernière, qui se trouve ainsi convenablement refroidie. Une partie du flux, ne participant pas à la formation de plasma, est évacuée autour de la partie avant 2 du corps de la torche et de la tuyère 3, typiquement dans une jupe périphérique isolante 40 (fig. 2) reliée au boîtier de torche (non représenté), et refroidissant ainsi également les derniers éléments.When plasma gas under pressure is introduced via line 11, it enters groove 26 and, from there, into chamber 28 through clearance 27 and, in parallel, as far as channel 4 and external chamber 41 through the passages 29, 21, 22, 23, in the electrode structure, the chamber 19 and the passages 42. The pressure rises rapidly in the small closed chamber 28 while the pressure exerted on the front face 25 rises more slowly due leaks through the channel 4 and the passages 42, 41. The electrode structure is thus suddenly moved forward and causes the electrode 17 to strike the nozzle 3, causing, as shown in FIG. 2, a short -circuit franc between the latter, connected to a positive pole of an electric generator, and the electrode 17 connected, via the tail 30, to the negative pole of this generator. However, the plasma gas pressure continues to increase in the groove 26 and the passages 38, and reaches a level such that it causes the piston 36 to move forward, against its return spring 37, displacing thus the drawer 35 to release the communication between the passage 39 and the vent hole 34, which causes a sudden decrease in the pressure in the chamber 28, which, no longer compensating for the return force of the spring 31 and the increased pressure, in the chamber 19, due to the temporary closure of the channel 4, exerted on the front face 25, causes a retreat of the electrode structure 15-16 and of the electrode 17, thus opening the short circuit and causing a spark igniting the pilot arc and the plasma jet of the plasma gas escaping through the channel 4. This configuration is shown in Figure 3. In operation, the plasma gas flow is mainly directed to the plasma outlet channel 4 via the passages 29, 21, 20, inside the electrode structure 15- 16, and 19, outside of the latter, which is thus properly cooled. Part of the flow, not participating in the formation of plasma, is evacuated around the front part 2 of the body of the torch and of the nozzle 3, typically in an insulating peripheral skirt 40 (fig. 2) connected to the torch housing (not shown), and thus also cooling the last elements.

On voit ainsi qu'en l'absence de fluide plasmagène, l'électrode 17 et la tuyère 3 sont normalement maintenues écartées l'une de l'autre. Dans une phase intermédiaire de montée en pression du gaz plasmagène, elles sont mises temporairement en court-circuit et ce n'est qu'à partir d'une pression de gaz plasmagène précise, proche de la pression nominale du fonctionnement de la torche, que l'allumage est provoqué. Lorsque l'amenée de gaz plasmagène est interrompue, la structure d'électrode 15-16 conserve sa position "reculée" précédente et le ressort 37 rappelle le tiroir 35 dans sa position arrière, la torche recouvrant alors sa configuration de la figure 1, prête à une nouvelle séquence de début de phase de mise en oeuvre.It can thus be seen that in the absence of plasma-generating fluid, the electrode 17 and the nozzle 3 are normally kept apart from one another. In an intermediate phase of rise in plasma gas pressure, they are temporarily short-circuited and it is only from a precise plasma gas pressure, close to the nominal operating pressure of the torch, that ignition is caused. When the supply of plasma gas is interrupted, the electrode structure 15-16 retains its previous "retracted" position and the spring 37 recalls the drawer 35 in its rear position, the torch then recovering its configuration of FIG. 1, ready to a new start-up phase sequence.

La plupart des pièces de la torche sont en alliage de cuivre, l'électrode 17 étant avantageusement en cuprochrome. La chemise isolante 5, ainsi que la bride de sertissage 10, sont avantageusement en matériau plastique chargé de fibres de verre.Most parts of the torch are made of copper alloy, the electrode 17 advantageously being of cuprochrome. The insulating jacket 5, as well as the crimping flange 10, are advantageously made of plastic material loaded with glass fibers.

Quoique la présente invention ait été décrite en relation avec un mode de réalisation particulier, elle ne s'en trouve pas limitée pour autant mais est au contraire susceptible de modifications et de variantes qui apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art.Although the present invention has been described in relation to a particular embodiment, it is not limited thereby, but is on the contrary subject to modifications and variants which will appear to those skilled in the art.

Claims (12)

  1. Plasma arc torch comprising:
    - a torch body (1,2) bearing a nozzle (3) provided with a plasma outlet channel(4);
    - an electrode structure (15,16) displaceable in the torch body and comprising a front part (16) supporting an electrode (17) extending in the nozzle (3);
    - the electrode structure being urged resiliently in a first direction tending to separate the electrode (17) from the channel (4) and comprising a piston means having opposed front (25) and rear (24) faces;
    - fluid pressure means for sequentially displacing the electrode structure (15,16) in a direction opposite to the first direction then in the first direction; and
    - a plasmagenic gas circuit,
    characterised in that the fluid pressure means comprise a portion of the plasmagenic gas circuit directing selectively the gas to the front and rear faces of the piston means.
  2. A torch according to Claim 1, characterised in that the circuit portion comprises a first circuit part (19) via which the front face (25) is exposed permanently to the plasmagenic gas and a second circuit part (27,28) via which the rear face (24) is exposed temporarily to a pressure of the plasmagenic gas.
  3. A torch according to Claim 2, characterised in that the first circuit part (19) is a downstream part of the circuit for conducting plasmagenic gas to the nozzle (3).
  4. A torch according to one of Claims 2 and 3, characterised in that the second circuit part comprises a valve (35) actionable by a piston.
  5. A torch according to Claim 4, characterised in that the valve (35) is a discharge valve.
  6. A torch according to Claim 3 or Claim 4, characterised in that the valve (35) and the piston (36) are arranged in a rear part (15) of the electrode structure.
  7. A torch according to Claim 6, characterised in that the rear part (15) of the electrode structure forms the front (25) and rear (24) faces of the piston means.
  8. A torch according to one of Claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the front part (16) of the electrode structure and the electrode (7) delimit externally a downstream section (19) of the first part of the plasmagenic gas circuit.
  9. A torch according to one of Claims 3 to 8, characterised in that the front part (16) of the electrode structure and the electrode (17) delimit internally an upstream section (21,22) of the first part of the plasmagenic gas circuit.
  10. A torch according to Claim 8 and Claim 9, characterised in that the front part (16) of the electrode structure comprises a transverse passage (23) establishing the communication between the upstream and downstream sections of the first part of the plasmagenic circuit.
  11. A torch according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a spring (31) between one end (30) of the rear part (15) of the electrode structure and the torch body (1,10).
  12. A method for putting into operation a plasma torch comprising an electrode (17) displaceable by fluid pressure with respect to a nozzle (3), and urged resiliently away from the latter in a period of rest, characterised in that it comprises the following successive stages:
    - introducing plasmagenic gas in the torch;
    - displacing the electrode (17) towards the nozzle (3) with a part of the plasmagenic gas; and
    - displacing the electrode (17) away from the nozzle (3) with a second part of the plasmagenic gas.
EP93402214A 1992-10-02 1993-09-13 Arc plasma torch and method of application Expired - Lifetime EP0591018B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9212110A FR2696613B1 (en) 1992-10-02 1992-10-02 Arc plasma torch and method of implementation.
FR9212110 1992-10-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0591018A1 EP0591018A1 (en) 1994-04-06
EP0591018B1 true EP0591018B1 (en) 1997-03-05

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EP (1) EP0591018B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69308448T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0591018T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2696613B1 (en)

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FR2626206B1 (en) * 1988-01-25 1990-05-18 Soudure Autogene Francaise TORCH AND ARC WORKING MACHINE, AND CARTRIDGE THEREFOR
FR2669847B1 (en) * 1990-11-29 1995-11-24 Trafimet Trafilerie Metalliche PLASMA CUTTING TORCH, IN WHICH THE PRIMING OF THE PRIMING IS CARRIED OUT USING A CONTACT.
FR2674161B1 (en) * 1991-03-22 1993-06-11 Soudure Autogene Francaise CUTTING GUN FOR SHEET.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3581001B1 (en) * 2017-02-09 2023-08-23 Hypertherm, Inc. Swirl ring with movable contact element for a plasma arc torch cartridge

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DE69308448D1 (en) 1997-04-10
DK0591018T3 (en) 1997-09-08
EP0591018A1 (en) 1994-04-06
FR2696613A1 (en) 1994-04-08
DE69308448T2 (en) 1997-10-23
FR2696613B1 (en) 1995-03-03

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