EP0684622A1 - Lastschalter mit reduzierter Kompression - Google Patents
Lastschalter mit reduzierter Kompression Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0684622A1 EP0684622A1 EP95401121A EP95401121A EP0684622A1 EP 0684622 A1 EP0684622 A1 EP 0684622A1 EP 95401121 A EP95401121 A EP 95401121A EP 95401121 A EP95401121 A EP 95401121A EP 0684622 A1 EP0684622 A1 EP 0684622A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- circuit breaker
- tube
- piston
- crown
- breaker according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
- H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
- H01H2033/906—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism with pressure limitation in the compression volume, e.g. by valves or bleeder openings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
- H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
- H01H33/905—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the compression volume being formed by a movable cylinder and a semi-mobile piston
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a booster circuit breaker with self-compression in particular for high voltage.
- circuit breaker of the self-blowing type comprising an insulating envelope filled with a dielectric gas under pressure, two arcing contacts cooperating with each other, at least one forming part of a fixed movable contact assembly.
- the movable contact assembly being constituted by a first tube carrying at its end the movable arcing contact and a second tube coaxial with the first tube to delimit, on either side of a crown connecting the first and the second tubes, an expansion chamber at constant volume closed by a blowing nozzle and a compression chamber communicating with the expansion chamber and closed by a piston, first means for compressing the gas in the compression chamber during a first part of the movement of the movable contact assembly between e the closed position and the open position and second means for decompressing the gas in the compression chamber during a second part of this same movement of the movable contact assembly being provided.
- the piston is semi-mobile and means are provided for immobilizing the piston during a first part of the movement of the mobile contact assembly between the closed position and the open position and a means for moving axially the piston with the movable contact assembly during a second part of this same movement of the movable contact assembly.
- the means for axially moving the piston consists of a drive member integral with the contact assembly mobile which causes a stop integral with the piston during the second part of the movement of the mobile contact assembly, this stop being disposed on the path of the drive member.
- the piston is connected to a third tube provided with at least one lumen in which slides a finger integral with the first tube and which extends radially with respect to the latter in the direction of the second tube.
- the means for immobilizing the piston consists of a spring arranged between the drive member and the piston and by a fixed retaining member cooperating with the piston.
- the extinction of the arc occurring between the arcing contacts during an opening operation is effected by means of compression of the gas in the compression chamber.
- the extinction of the arc obtained by a flow of gas coming from the compression chamber takes place before the movement of the movable contact assembly has ended. Therefore, it is not necessary to compress the gas in the compression chamber during the entire movement of the movable contact assembly. From the moment the piston moves with the movable contact assembly, the amount of energy required to operate the movable contact assembly is very reduced because there is no more gas compression .
- the object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker with low operating energy and therefore inexpensive, the blowing of low currents is by self-compression and the blowing of strong currents by thermal expansion.
- the first means comprise the fixed piston cooperating with the first tube over a certain stroke x and the second means comprise means for discharging the gas contained in the compression chamber outside thereof acting once the stroke x has ended.
- the stroke x is equal to the stroke of the movable arcing contact on the fixed arcing contact before their separation.
- the first tube is closed frontally by a wall disposed at a certain distance dl from the crown on the side of the latter opposite to the arcing contacts.
- the second means comprise at least one lumen produced in the first tube, disposed on the side of the crown opposite to the arcing contacts, of length greater than the thickness of the piston and whose edge furthest from the crown is at a distance d from the crown, the distance d being less than or equal to the distance dl and the face opposite the movable arc contact of the piston being distant by a length equal to d + x from the crown in the closed position.
- the edge of the light closest to the crown is at a distance d2 from the piston greater than or equal to the total travel of the movable arcing contact, when the circuit breaker is in the closed position.
- the light is adjacent to said wall, the distance d being equal to the distance dl.
- a sliding annular stop is arranged inside the compression chamber, the stop coming into abutment against the crown after the stroke x by means of a damping spring arranged between this stop and the piston.
- the lumen may consist of a set of orifices made in the first tube.
- the gas contained in the compression chamber is evacuated from it inside the envelope, once the stroke x has ended and to do this, advantageously, the piston is carried by a fixed tube coaxial with said first and second tubes and pierced with at least a gas discharge orifice, located near its end opposite to said contacts.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a circuit breaker according to the invention in the closed position.
- Figures 2 and 3 are views in longitudinal section of a circuit breaker according to the invention in intermediate positions between the closed position and the open position.
- Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a circuit breaker according to the invention in the open position.
- Figures 5 to 7 are views in longitudinal section of a circuit breaker according to the invention in closed, intermediate and open positions, according to an alternative embodiment.
- the circuit breaker shown in the figures comprises, in a conventional manner, an insulating envelope 1 filled with a dielectric gas under pressure, two arcing contacts 3A, 7A cooperating with each other, at least one being part of a contact assembly movable integral with an operating member 6 and adapted to be moved axially in the casing 1 between a closed position and an open position, the movable contact assembly being constituted by a first tube 7 carrying at its end the movable arcing contact 7A and a second tube 8 coaxial with the first tube 7 to delimit, on either side of a ring 9 connecting the first and the second tubes, an expansion chamber 17 at constant volume closed by a blowing nozzle 10 and a compression chamber 18 communicating via a one-way valve 2 with the expansion chamber and closed by a piston 11.
- the circuit breaker may also include a permanent contact 14 cooperating with the ext remitted 8A from the second tube 8 forming permanent movable contact.
- first means for compressing the gas in the compression chamber 18 during a first part of the movement of the movable contact assembly between the closed position and the open position and second decompression means gas in the compression chamber 18 during a second part of this same movement of the movable contact assembly.
- the first means comprise the fixed piston 11 cooperating with the first tube 7 over a certain stroke x during the displacement of the movable assembly and the second means comprise a means for discharging the gas contained in the compression chamber 18 out of it. ci acting once the race x is over.
- the stroke x is equal to the stroke of the movable arcing contact 7A on the fixed arcing contact 3A before their separation.
- the first tube 7 is closed frontally by a wall 5 disposed at a certain distance dl from the crown 9 on the side of the latter opposite the arcing contacts.
- the second means comprise at least one lumen produced in the first tube 7, disposed on the side of the crown 9 opposite the arcing contacts, of length greater than the thickness of the piston 11 and whose edge furthest from the crown 9 is at a distance d from the crown 9, the distance d being equal to the distance dl, but possibly being less, and the face opposite to the movable arc contact 7A of the piston 11 being distant by a length equal to d + x of crown 9 in the closed position. Furthermore, the edge of the light 4 closest to the crown 9 is at a distance d2 from the piston 11 greater than or equal to the total travel of the movable arcing contact 7A, when the circuit breaker is in the closed position.
- the light 4 can consist of a set of orifices made in the first tube 7. These orifices can be aligned on a generator of the tube 7 and / or arranged according to different generatrices. In that case, the edges specified above are the extreme edges of the set of orifices.
- the piston 11 is carried by a fixed tube 21 for example integral with the current-taking plate 20 and coaxial with said first and second tubes 7, 8 and pierced with at least one orifice 22 for discharging the gas, located near its end opposite to said contacts 3A, 7A.
- the movable contact assembly driven by the operating member 6 moves to the right (according to the representation made in FIG. 1) and the fixed piston 11 and the tube 7 moves relatively over a stroke x as shown in FIG. 2.
- the gas is then compressed in the compression chamber 18 and pushes the valve 2 into the open position.
- the gas is therefore also compressed in the expansion chamber 17. Given the light 4, it is also compressed in the volume 19 inside the first tube 7, this volume 19 then being closed by the wall 5 and by the fixed contact 3A cooperating with the movable contact 7A.
- the movement of the mobile assembly continues to reach the open position shown in FIG. 4 and the blowing continues between the contacts 3A and 7A while the gas continues to evacuate behind the piston 11.
- the distance d2 being greater or equal to the total travel of the movable arcing contact, at the end of opening, the compression chamber 18 is always in communication with the volume 19 and the gas from this chamber 18 can always be evacuated.
- a sliding annular stop 13 is disposed inside the compression chamber 18, the stop coming into abutment against the crown 9 after the stroke x thanks to a spring damping 12 disposed between this stop 13 and the piston 11 and fixed by its ends to these two parts.
Landscapes
- Circuit Breakers (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9406128A FR2720188B1 (fr) | 1994-05-19 | 1994-05-19 | Disjoncteur à autocompression réduite. |
FR9406128 | 1994-05-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0684622A1 true EP0684622A1 (de) | 1995-11-29 |
EP0684622B1 EP0684622B1 (de) | 2000-04-12 |
Family
ID=9463352
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95401121A Expired - Lifetime EP0684622B1 (de) | 1994-05-19 | 1995-05-15 | Lastschalter mit reduzierter Kompression |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5600111A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0684622B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1074163C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE191809T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU693174B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9502083A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2149490A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69516206T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2145229T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2720188B1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL179913B1 (de) |
PT (1) | PT684622E (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA954068B (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2752478A1 (fr) * | 1996-08-13 | 1998-02-20 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Disjoncteur a piston semi-mobile et a haut pouvoir de coupure de courants capacitifs |
FR2755293A1 (fr) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-04-30 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Disjoncteur a piston semi-mobile et a haut pouvoir de coupure de courants capacitifs |
FR2762925A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-06 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Disjoncteur a haute tension a double mouvement des contacts d'arc |
FR2763172A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-11-13 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Disjoncteur avec un systeme mecanique a tiroir pour chambre de coupure a course de compression reduite |
WO2010040574A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-15 | Areva T&D Sas | Chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur haute tension à soufflage d'arc ameliore |
FR3008541A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-16 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Disjoncteur a soufflage par effet piston optimise |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19536673A1 (de) * | 1995-09-30 | 1997-04-03 | Asea Brown Boveri | Leistungsschalter |
FR2821482B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-27 | 2003-04-04 | Alstom | Disjoncteur incluant un canal de vidange de la chambre de compression par piston |
US20070241079A1 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-10-18 | Johnson David S | High voltage circuit breaker with re-fill valve |
EP2343721A1 (de) * | 2010-01-06 | 2011-07-13 | ABB Research Ltd. | Gasisolierter Hochspannungsschalter |
KR101622422B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-20 | 2016-05-18 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | 가스 절연 차단기 |
DE112012005201T5 (de) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-09-04 | Abb Technology Ag | Leistungsschalter mit Fluideinspritzung |
CN106030744B (zh) * | 2013-12-23 | 2019-07-02 | Abb瑞士股份有限公司 | 电气开关装置 |
KR101657454B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-09-21 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | 가스절연 차단기 |
EP3503152B1 (de) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-10-14 | ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG | Gasisolierter hoch- oder mittelspannungsleistungsschalter |
EP3503153B1 (de) | 2017-12-22 | 2021-09-01 | ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG | Gasisolierter hoch- oder mittelspannungsleistungsschalter |
CN114628189B (zh) * | 2021-12-23 | 2024-05-24 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司 | 一种压气式灭弧室及断路器 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4025553A1 (de) * | 1990-08-11 | 1992-02-13 | Licentia Gmbh | Schalter mit selbsterzeugter loeschgasstroemung |
EP0591039A1 (de) | 1992-09-29 | 1994-04-06 | Gec Alsthom T Et D Sa | Hochspannung selbst-Blaslastscharter mit Schnittkammer mit reduzierter Gaskompression |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2576142B1 (fr) * | 1985-01-16 | 1987-12-24 | Alsthom Atlantique | Disjoncteur a haute tension, a gaz comprime, a energie de manoeuvre assistee par l'effet thermique de l'arc |
FR2576144B1 (fr) * | 1985-01-16 | 1987-02-06 | Alsthom Atlantique | Disjoncteur a haute tension, a gaz comprime, a faible energie de manoeuvre |
JPH02220319A (ja) * | 1989-02-21 | 1990-09-03 | Meidensha Corp | パッファ形ガス遮断器 |
FR2647255B1 (fr) * | 1989-05-17 | 1993-04-23 | Alsthom Gec | Disjoncteur a haute tension a gaz dielectrique de soufflage |
FR2647949B1 (fr) * | 1989-05-31 | 1994-02-18 | Gec Alsthom Sa | Disjoncteur a haute tension a gaz dielectrique de soufflage |
JP2521353B2 (ja) * | 1989-06-30 | 1996-08-07 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ガス遮断器 |
FR2649531B1 (fr) * | 1989-07-04 | 1995-11-10 | Alsthom Gec | Disjoncteur a haute ou moyenne tension |
FR2661550B1 (fr) * | 1990-04-26 | 1992-06-12 | Alsthom Gec | Disjoncteur a haute tension a arc serie. |
-
1994
- 1994-05-19 FR FR9406128A patent/FR2720188B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-05-15 ES ES95401121T patent/ES2145229T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-15 DE DE69516206T patent/DE69516206T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-15 EP EP95401121A patent/EP0684622B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-15 AT AT95401121T patent/ATE191809T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-15 US US08/441,459 patent/US5600111A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-15 PT PT95401121T patent/PT684622E/pt unknown
- 1995-05-15 AU AU20036/95A patent/AU693174B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-05-16 CA CA002149490A patent/CA2149490A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-18 CN CN95106306A patent/CN1074163C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-18 ZA ZA954068A patent/ZA954068B/xx unknown
- 1995-05-18 PL PL95308663A patent/PL179913B1/pl unknown
- 1995-05-18 BR BR9502083A patent/BR9502083A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4025553A1 (de) * | 1990-08-11 | 1992-02-13 | Licentia Gmbh | Schalter mit selbsterzeugter loeschgasstroemung |
EP0591039A1 (de) | 1992-09-29 | 1994-04-06 | Gec Alsthom T Et D Sa | Hochspannung selbst-Blaslastscharter mit Schnittkammer mit reduzierter Gaskompression |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2752478A1 (fr) * | 1996-08-13 | 1998-02-20 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Disjoncteur a piston semi-mobile et a haut pouvoir de coupure de courants capacitifs |
FR2755293A1 (fr) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-04-30 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Disjoncteur a piston semi-mobile et a haut pouvoir de coupure de courants capacitifs |
FR2762925A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-06 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Disjoncteur a haute tension a double mouvement des contacts d'arc |
FR2763172A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-11-13 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Disjoncteur avec un systeme mecanique a tiroir pour chambre de coupure a course de compression reduite |
WO2010040574A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-15 | Areva T&D Sas | Chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur haute tension à soufflage d'arc ameliore |
FR2937179A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-16 | Areva T & D Sa | Chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur haute tension a soufflage d'arc ameliore |
US8816237B2 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2014-08-26 | Alstom Grid Sas | Interrupting chamber for high-voltage circuit breaker with improved arc blow-out |
FR3008541A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-16 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Disjoncteur a soufflage par effet piston optimise |
WO2015007635A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-22 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Disjoncteur a soufflage par effet piston optimise |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2720188B1 (fr) | 1996-06-14 |
AU2003695A (en) | 1995-11-30 |
FR2720188A1 (fr) | 1995-11-24 |
PL308663A1 (en) | 1995-11-27 |
CA2149490A1 (fr) | 1995-11-20 |
AU693174B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
ZA954068B (en) | 1996-01-19 |
PL179913B1 (pl) | 2000-11-30 |
ATE191809T1 (de) | 2000-04-15 |
ES2145229T3 (es) | 2000-07-01 |
CN1118107A (zh) | 1996-03-06 |
BR9502083A (pt) | 1995-12-19 |
DE69516206D1 (de) | 2000-05-18 |
EP0684622B1 (de) | 2000-04-12 |
DE69516206T2 (de) | 2000-11-23 |
CN1074163C (zh) | 2001-10-31 |
PT684622E (pt) | 2000-09-29 |
US5600111A (en) | 1997-02-04 |
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