EP0584093B1 - Elements de construction - Google Patents

Elements de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584093B1
EP0584093B1 EP92908352A EP92908352A EP0584093B1 EP 0584093 B1 EP0584093 B1 EP 0584093B1 EP 92908352 A EP92908352 A EP 92908352A EP 92908352 A EP92908352 A EP 92908352A EP 0584093 B1 EP0584093 B1 EP 0584093B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
wires
cavity
meshes
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92908352A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0584093A1 (fr
Inventor
Mariano Capozzi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CAPOZZI, MARIANO
Original Assignee
CAPOZZI Mariano
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CAPOZZI Mariano filed Critical CAPOZZI Mariano
Publication of EP0584093A1 publication Critical patent/EP0584093A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0584093B1 publication Critical patent/EP0584093B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8658—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms using wire netting, a lattice or the like as form leaves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of constructing cladding panels, partition walls, loadbearing walls, floor and roofs in the construction of buildings generally.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a means whereby the ease and simplicity of construction can be improved over existing systems.
  • a system is known from FR-A-2 566 818 which uses corrugated panels of foam polystyrene in conjunction with steel lattices as a basis for a structural system where the concrete is applied on to the foam on site for various structural purposes.
  • the panels act as shuttering.
  • the present invention aims to provide a method where units can be produced in a factory incorporating the primary reinforcement and then can be brought to a site and be erected without the need for extra reinforcement and only requiring the concrete to be poured. This allows for a faster more closely controlled and cost effective operation.
  • the present invention provides a method of building construction according to the features of claim 1.
  • the invention is arranged for use in forming a floor or roof, said primary reinforcement being of steel and occupying an area which in a vertical cross section of the assembled floor or roof is at least 0.13% of the area for concrete within that said cross section.
  • the invention is arranged for use in forming a wall, said primary reinforcement being of steel and occupying within any horizontal cross-section of the assembled wall an area which is at least 0.4% of the area occupied by concrete within said cross section.
  • the cellular insulation is in the form of polystyrene foam sheets or slabs but other known thermal insulation materials can be used provided they have sufficient rigidity, lightness and insulating properties.
  • the mesh outer panels may be interwoven wires or a composite net material or a lattice and have the added benefit that outer cladding, plastering, tiling or other surface finishes can be applied to these outer mesh panels.
  • the inner primary which is usually in the form of steel wires of between 3.5mm and 6mm in diameter, can also be in the form of one or more meshes and these may be interwoven or otherwise joined as lattices or nets. Their disposition should be such that at least one can be fully enclosed and encapsulated in the concrete.
  • the main advantage of the invention is that the building elements can be fabricated at a remote site such as a factory with the ensuing advantages in cost and consistency. Moreover control of specification at the site is improved.
  • the meshes may be joined by transverse wires and these in turn facilitate factory manufacture and can improve the cross-loading characteristics of the structure.
  • the space between outer meshes should include a pair of sheets of cellular thermal insulation material with a cavity therebetween including one or more meshes of wires and suitably located to be encapsulated in the concrete.
  • the cavity is approximately 50mm wide, 17 vertical steel wires of 6mm diameter per metre length provide sufficient reinforcement.
  • Another example is the use of 24 vertical wires of 3.5mm diameter within a 56mm wide cavity per metre length.
  • a pair of outer meshes can be connected by tie wires of 3.5mm, diameter so that there are a minimum of 17 number connecting wires per m 2 with a cavity between the two insulating elements which can be filled with a specially formulated concrete mix.
  • the wall is capable of taking limited structural loads (up to two storeys height for example) and can be capable of resisting wind loads up to 150mph when properly restrained.
  • two meshes within the cavity are spaced from a pair of respective insulating slab surfaces whereby when the cavity is filled with concrete the mesh panels are fully encapsulated.
  • the mesh will include sufficient reinforcing wires at the prefabrication stage to achieve the purpose of full reinforcement of the wall only requiring joint connecting reinforcement at site. The specification of wires necessary for this purpose will be described later with reference to the described example.
  • the composite structure is capable of taking high structural loads such as would be encountered in a multi-storey building.
  • the spacing of the mesh is preferably achieved by the assembly facilities of the proprietory machine MMS1(Patent applied for GB 9115040.9 Machine for forming Building Elements) or where transportation circumstances dictate alternative methods can be employed such as plastic spacers and wire combs.
  • MMS1 Patent applied for GB 9115040.9 Machine for forming Building Elements
  • alternative methods can be employed such as plastic spacers and wire combs.
  • the use of a plain surface to the insulating slab and the distancing of the mesh from this face enables the whole of the mesh to be equidistant from its slab surface and so to be fully encapsulated in concrete. This contrasts with the prior art system previously referred to where the corrugations preclude this possibility.
  • a basic element for use with a floor or roof a basic element is now factory assembled so that there is a mesh on one side (lower) and three meshes on the other (upper) side spaced off the upper side and spaced apart and this is combined with rigid blocks of cellular plastics material to form troughs into which concrete can be placed to fill the troughs and encapsulate the three meshes, the three upper meshes can provide the full primary reinforcement for floors and roofs and the lower mesh a key for a plaster finish.
  • Such a method can be used to form a floor or a flat or pitched roof.
  • an element is formed which performs in all respects as in the previous form except that the cellular plastics part is now manufactured as one profiled unit with voids to reduce the handling weight.
  • the mesh elements will be tied together, and concrete and other materials will be applied after which a monolithic structure is achieved complete with surface finishes.
  • the materials employed in the invention can include:
  • Standard materials may be brought together in a specific manner and under factory controlled conditions, which can then be employed in construction in their prefabricated form to achieve performance results not previously available in this simple form.
  • the elements can be light and easy to manhandle, obviating the need for mechanical handling plant except for lifting to level of use in multi-storey constructions. They are easy to cut to facilitate the formation of openings (such as doors and windows).
  • the elements can provide thermal and acoustic insulation as an integral feature.
  • the thermal insulation qualities can be utilised to avoid surface condensation.
  • a homogenous nature can be achieved in the finished surfaces which obviates shrinkage and surface cracking particularly at internal angles of walls with floors which is the most common incidence of cracking in most structures.
  • the finished structure employing the elements can have a monolithic nature which is effective in areas of seismic activity and even the partition walls can add to the stability of the structure in this respect.
  • the whole structure can be proof against progressive collapse.
  • the design enables the compressive strength of concrete to be achieved in seven days instead of twenty-eight days as with traditional methods and work can be carried out in extreme climates without the need for traditional protective methods against cold and heat, provided only that the ambient temperatures encountered allow the operation of the pump for placing the concrete.
  • the enveloping panels of elements B & C can provide the insulation whereby the concrete which is poured into the cavity between these panels achieves its design strength more quickly than in the un-insulated cavity provided by traditional shuttering, and consequently floors and upper storey walls can proceed far sooner.
  • the concrete can be of a specially formulated mix with a small aggregate which obviates the need for vibration necessary with traditional methods.
  • Another advantage of the method is that services can be housed within the thickness of the polystyrene panels by simply melting out the polystyrene with a hot air gun. This process is far quicker than the need to chase solid structures or drill timber structures.
  • walls and ceilings can be finished by plastering or rendering and in particular other forms of sheet material finishes can be applied to walls by hooking directly to the horizontal carrier bars.
  • factory made units can incorporate all the necessary functions of the elements of construction in one piece, so that one site operation provides permanent shuttering, thermal and accoustic insulation, integral primary reinforcement, integral key or support method for facing integral protection of concrete whilst curing, all of which lead to greatly reduced time and cost on site.
  • Figure 1 shows a vertical cross-section of the single panel A (for cladding, partitions etc).
  • Figure 2 shows a vertical cross-section of the double panel B employing two single panels A (for two storeys etc) and the alternative B1 for seismic areas.
  • Figure 3 shows a vertical cross-section of a double panel C employing two single panels AA (for multi-storey work).
  • Figure 4 shows the form of mesh (2) attached to the surfaces of each of the elements A and B and the outer surfaces of element C.
  • Figure 5 shows an isometric projection part broken away of two elements tied together for the pouring in of concrete where combs and spacers are employed.
  • Figure 6 shows a horizontal cross-section of the Figure 5 arrangement where combs and spacers are employed.
  • Figure 7 shows a horizontal cross-section of the Figure 2 arrangement.
  • Figure 8 shows an isometric projection of element D for use in floors and roofs.
  • Figure 9 shows horizontal cross-sections of finished floor or roof elements D and E.
  • an element A comprises a rigid slab of CFC free, water repellant, fire proofed or flame retardant expanded polystyrene of a density of 26Kg per cubic metre, a thickness of 40mm or more and having opposing parallel plain faces (1), net works of electrically welded zinc coated steel wire or stainless steel (2) on and in contact with each face of the polystyrene slab to provide a key for plaster and/or rendering.
  • the two networks or meshes are connected through the polystyrene by stainless steel ties (8) which are electrically welded to the opposing lattices.
  • Such a panel is combined with others to define a cavity and form an element.
  • a double panel B for load bearing walls of concrete for use in structures up to two storeys in height employs two of the same elements A which are tied together and spaced apart by zinc coated or stainless steel wires (2b) which are electrically welded to each of the opposing nets.
  • An alternative in the top part of the Figure is shown where there is only one central mesh in the cavity.
  • a double panel C for reinforced concrete walls employs the same polystyrene panels (1) and two of the same meshes (2) on each outer face as used in element A together with meshes of varying size vertical bars (2a) which are spaced off mechanically or by plastic cradles (3) but parallel to the inner faces of the polystyrene slabs.
  • the meshes (2a) are spaced off the face of the polystyrene by mechanical means or by plastic spacer cradles (3) (see Figure 5) 25mm thick which permit full encasement of the steel by concrete when it is subsequently poured in. These cradles (3) have grooves to receive the horizontal and vertical steel bars to ensure perfect alignment.
  • Meshes (2a) are tied together and spaced apart by zinc coated or stainless steel wires or combs (2c) thus connecting the panels AA.
  • the primary steel reinforcement (6) (the vertical bars (6) of meshes (2a)) are selected by manufacturing software (a computer programme to perform structural calculations) according to the structural duty to be performed by the panel.
  • An unusual and beneficial aspect of the design is the small diameter wires which can be used for primary reinforcement because of the invention.
  • the maximum diameter of wire used is usually 6mm whether as nominal reinforcement in accordance with the requirements of the British Standard Code of Practice for the design of reinforced concrete structures or in cases where the reinforcement has to be designed for specific applications.
  • the area of reinforcement must be equal to at least 0.4% of the area of concrete per metre length of wall in a given horizontal cross-section.
  • nominal reinforcement as small as 3.5mm ⁇ is employed. In all cases nominal primary reinforcement used in the panels exceeds the minimum requirement of the British Standard.
  • the width of the cavity "x" in Figure 5 between the internal faces of the opposing panels of polystyrene is selected by the manufacturing software according (i) to the structural duty to be performed by the wall and, (ii) by the acoustic performance required of the wall.
  • the net work of zinc coated or stainless steel wires (2) to form the cladding or plaster support should consist of vertical wires of 2.5mm min diameter spaced so that 25 wires occur in a 1.2 metre span; while the horizontal wires are of 3.5mm diameter and 15 wires occur in a 2.7 metre span; giving a minimum pitch of 50mm in the vertical wires and a general pitch of 200mm in the horizontal wires.
  • connecting wires 2b there should be at least 17 wires of 3.5mm diameter in any given 1 square metre area, approximately uniformly located across the area.
  • element D is manufactured comprising a single panel of polystyrene 40mm or more thick having a mesh (2) over the whole of one face only and over lesser areas of the other face three meshes (4) spaced apart.
  • Each mesh (4) is supported by wires passing through the polystyrene slab so that it is spaced off the upper face of that slab and includes a number of parallel reinforcement bars (11) in accordance with the required span and load. This then provides the permanent shuttering and reinforcement for floors and roofs.
  • the amount of reinforcement (11) in the meshes (4) is selected by the manufacturing software to meet with the load span criteria given by the user.
  • Element D is designed for economy in long distance transportation and the units are delivered to site numbered according to location which is identified on a placement plan.
  • Blocks of dense polystyrene (5) for use as formers to create the voids to be filled with concrete are included in the delivery.
  • element D is manufactured in accordance with the general description as element D except that the polystyrene is now one preformed profiled unit and is the preferred element for floors and roofs.
  • the composite units D or E are propped in position at the desired elevation, using any proprietary propping system. Because of the eventual light weight of the finished floor, fewer props are needed than with traditional reinforced concrete floors. Projecting reinforcing rods (11) of the meshes (4) are interlaced with vertical wires of the respective meshes in the walls.
  • Loose connecting bars at joints are placed into position to tie the roof or floor and wall steel structure together. This process is also adopted for tying the walls to the floors and roofs when employing elements B and B1 and C for walls. Starter bars for the next level of reinforced walls are also incorporated at this stage.
  • the system combines numerous operations previously only achieved by several trades so that walls and floors can be erected with far fewer stages and achieve at one time the placement of shuttering, reinforcement steel, acoustic and thermal insulation, a key and or support system for the surface finishes, faster ultimate strength achievement, avoidance of waste, avoidance of chasing solid materials for service routes, avoidance of condensation, freedom from shrinkage and cracking, and the consequent speed and cost economies which derive from these features.
  • each outer mesh determines the parameters of the inner cavities for concrete taking into account the volume occupied by insulation material, e.g polystyrene sheets or slabs, and inner meshes of reinforcing wires are provided to a sufficient degree to provide full structural reinforcement of the ultimate wall or floor panel.
  • insulation material e.g polystyrene sheets or slabs
  • inner meshes of reinforcing wires are provided to a sufficient degree to provide full structural reinforcement of the ultimate wall or floor panel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Une méthode de construction de bâtiment, avec béton armé et isolation (1), comportant l'établissement sur le chantier d'un élément préformé de construction (A), comportant deux mailles de fils externes espacées (2), définissant une cavité entre elles, dont la cavité contient un isolant (1) - et le coulage de béton de manière à encapsuler au moins unedite maille (2), où aucune armature primaire supplémentaire, qui est conçu à l'avance selon la charge porteuse, est nécessaire pour l'élément préformé de construction (A).
  2. Une méthode comme dans la réclamation 1 comportant l'établissement de deux éléments préformés de construction (A), joints dans un rapport de face et le coulage de béton dans l'espace situé entre.
  3. Une méthode comme dans la réclamation 2, où les deux éléments préformés (A) dans un rapport de face partagent une maille de construction interposée commune (2a).
  4. Une méthode comme dans n'importe quelle réclamation précédente, où la zone et la configuration transversales et le nombre de mailles (2) nécessaires dans l'élément préformé de construction (A) sont déterminées à l'avance par ordinateur.
  5. Une méthode comme dans les réclamations 1, 2 ou 3, utilisée pour construire un mur.
  6. Une méthode comme dans la réclamation 1, utilisée pour construire un plancher ou un toit.
  7. Une méthode comme dans la réclamation 1, utilisée pour construire un plancher ou un toit, ladite armature primaire se composant de fils d'acier (2) et occupant une surface qui, en coupe transversale verticale de l'élément assemblé, représente au moins 0,13% de la surface pour le béton, au sein de ladite coupe transversale.
  8. Une méthode comme dans les réclamations 1, 2 ou 3, utilisée pour construire un mur, ladite armature primaire se composant de fils d'acier (2) et occupant, au sein de n'importe quelle coupe transversale horizontale du mur monté, une surface qui représente au moins 0,4% de la surface occupée par le béton, au sein de ladite coupe transversale.
  9. Une méthode comme dans la réclamation 8 caractérisée par le fait qu'au moins 17 fils d'attache transversaux (8) par mètre carré ont un diamètre substantiel de 3,5 mm.
  10. Une méthode comme dans n'importe quelle réclamation précédente, dans laquelle les fils d'armature primaire (2), au sein de ladite cavité ont un diamètre substantiel entre 3,5 mm et 6 mm.
  11. Une méthode comme dans les réclamations 8, 9 ou 10, dans laquelle au moins 17 fils d'armature verticaux en acier (2) ont un diamètre substantiel de 6 mm par longueur d'un mètre de mur et la cavité à une largeur substantielle de 50 mm.
  12. Une méthode comme dans les réclamations 8, 9 ou 10, dans laquelle au moins 24 fils d'armature en acier (2) verticaux ont un diamètre substantiel de 3,5 mm par longueur d'un mètre de mur, et la cavité a une largeur substantielle de 56 mm.
  13. Une méthode correspondant à n'importe quelle réclamation précédente, dans laquelle lesdites mailles (2) comportent des fils à angle oblique, pour positionner et retenir les fils d'armature primaire par rapport à l'isolation et la cavité et pour fournir une rigidité, avant le remplissage de béton.
  14. Une méthode pour construire ou rénover un bâtiment, en utilisant la méthode de n'importe quelle réclamation précédente.
EP92908352A 1991-04-16 1992-04-16 Elements de construction Expired - Lifetime EP0584093B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9107988A GB2254863B (en) 1991-04-16 1991-04-16 Building construction
GB9107988 1991-04-16
PCT/GB1992/000712 WO1992018718A1 (fr) 1991-04-16 1992-04-16 Elements de construction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0584093A1 EP0584093A1 (fr) 1994-03-02
EP0584093B1 true EP0584093B1 (fr) 1998-01-28

Family

ID=10693287

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92908352A Expired - Lifetime EP0584093B1 (fr) 1991-04-16 1992-04-16 Elements de construction

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0584093B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE162872T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1552092A (fr)
DE (1) DE69224288T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2114935T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB2254863B (fr)
WO (1) WO1992018718A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106320572A (zh) * 2016-08-18 2017-01-11 上海闵轩钢结构工程有限公司 一种新型的复合外墙板及其生产工艺

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IT1265544B1 (it) * 1993-10-29 1996-11-22 Ntc Srl Procedimento per la realizzazione di un cassero prefabbricato per il getto di setti portanti, e cassero prefabbricato.
AUPP575598A0 (en) * 1998-09-08 1998-10-01 Rudduck, Dickory Reinforced building elements
ITPS20000010A1 (it) * 2000-04-10 2001-10-10 Candiracci Angelo Pannello cassaforma pre-armato
WO2002022982A1 (fr) * 2000-09-13 2002-03-21 Serge Meilleur Panneaux de coffrage isoles et procede de fabrication
EP1447488A1 (fr) * 2003-02-11 2004-08-18 Kildare Developments Ltd. Modules préfabriqués pour utilisation dans l'industrie du bâtiment
US7225596B2 (en) * 2003-03-31 2007-06-05 Pn Ii, Inc. Self supportive panel system
EP2644793B1 (fr) * 2012-03-28 2016-05-11 SISMO Trading Ltd. Configuration de treillis en acier
WO2015067826A1 (fr) * 2013-11-06 2015-05-14 Clever Inversiones Urbanisticas, S.L. Procédé de réalisation de coffrage de bâtiments, avec structure en béton in situ
CN106522493B (zh) * 2016-11-29 2018-12-07 南昌大学 一种保温装饰一体化发泡水泥挂板的制备方法
RU184561U1 (ru) * 2018-08-07 2018-10-30 Акционерное Общество "Атомэнергопроект" Армоопалубочный блок с несъемной опалубкой

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US3383817A (en) * 1966-06-02 1968-05-21 Roher Bohm Ltd Concrete form structure for walls
DE7017886U (de) * 1970-05-13 1970-08-06 Koerner Manfred Verbindungsanker fuer mehrschichten-betonplatten.
IL39049A (en) * 1971-11-29 1974-11-29 Cs & M Inc Modular building panel
IT1191160B (it) * 1981-03-18 1988-02-24 Silvano Casalatina Dispositivo e metodo per ottenere elementi prefabbricati per la costruzione di case e simili e metodo per assemblare tra loro detti elementi
GB2147331B (en) * 1983-09-30 1987-04-29 Chen Kai Nan Insulating panel
IT8433134V0 (it) * 1984-07-02 1984-07-02 Impresa Costr Candiracci Spa Cassaforma a perdere isolante e collaborante
EP0180667B1 (fr) * 1984-11-08 1992-02-26 SISMO INTERNATIONAL personenvennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid Perfectionnement à des modules préfabriqués et leur utilisation dans le bâtiment
JPS61158541A (ja) * 1984-12-28 1986-07-18 株式会社　冨士起業 建築用骨組体
IT1199777B (it) * 1986-12-12 1988-12-30 R E In S P A Procedimento per la coibentazione di facciate di edifici esistenti e pannello prefabbricato utilizzabile per l'attuazione di detto procedimento

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106320572A (zh) * 2016-08-18 2017-01-11 上海闵轩钢结构工程有限公司 一种新型的复合外墙板及其生产工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2254863A (en) 1992-10-21
DE69224288T2 (de) 1998-09-24
ES2114935T3 (es) 1998-06-16
EP0584093A1 (fr) 1994-03-02
WO1992018718A1 (fr) 1992-10-29
GB2254863B (en) 1994-08-17
DE69224288D1 (de) 1998-03-05
GB9107988D0 (en) 1991-06-05
ATE162872T1 (de) 1998-02-15
AU1552092A (en) 1992-11-17

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