EP0583165B1 - Enregistrement par transfert thermique - Google Patents

Enregistrement par transfert thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0583165B1
EP0583165B1 EP19930306350 EP93306350A EP0583165B1 EP 0583165 B1 EP0583165 B1 EP 0583165B1 EP 19930306350 EP19930306350 EP 19930306350 EP 93306350 A EP93306350 A EP 93306350A EP 0583165 B1 EP0583165 B1 EP 0583165B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
donor
receptor
colourant
radiation
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19930306350
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0583165A2 (fr
EP0583165A3 (fr
Inventor
Ranjan Chhagabhai Patel
Ronald George Tye
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3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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Publication of EP0583165A3 publication Critical patent/EP0583165A3/fr
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Publication of EP0583165B1 publication Critical patent/EP0583165B1/fr
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41MPRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/40Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
    • B41M5/46Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography characterised by the light-to-heat converting means; characterised by the heat or radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41MPRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/382Contact thermal transfer or sublimation processes
    • B41M5/38207Contact thermal transfer or sublimation processes characterised by aspects not provided for in groups B41M5/385 - B41M5/395

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of thermal transfer imaging, in which a mask bearing image information is contacted with an assembly of a donor sheet having a donor layer comprising a thermally transferable colourant, and a receptor sheet for said thermally transferred colourant, and irradiated by a scanning exposure source to effect the imagewise transfer of colourant from the donor sheet to the receptor sheet.
  • Thermal transfer imaging involves the imagewise-transfer of colourant from a donor sheet to a receptor sheet under the action of heat, the donor and receptor sheets being maintained in intimate, face-to-face contact throughout. This type of imaging is increasingly popular, mainly because it is "dry” (requiring no chemical development) and hence is compatible with the home or office environment.
  • the heat required to effect the transfer of the colourant is usually supplied by contacting the assembled (but not bonded) donor and receptor sheets with so-called "thermal printheads" comprising arrays of miniature, electrically-heated elements, each of which is capable of being activated in a timed sequence to provide the desired imagewise pattern of heating.
  • thermal printheads comprising arrays of miniature, electrically-heated elements, each of which is capable of being activated in a timed sequence to provide the desired imagewise pattern of heating.
  • the radiation-absorber converts the incident energy to thermal energy and transfers the heat to colourant in its immediate vicinity, causing imagewise transfer of colourant to the receptor sheet.
  • the colourant may itself be radiation-absorbing, such that no additional absorber is required.
  • the second method involves a flood exposure from a momentary source, such as a xenon flash lamp, through a suitable mask held in contact with the donor-receptor assembly.
  • a momentary source such as a xenon flash lamp
  • This method is disclosed in, for example: Research Disclosure No. 142223 (February 1976); U.S. Patent Nos. 3828359, 4123309, 4123578 and 4157412, and European Patent No. 365222.
  • the mask is of high quality (as would be provided, for example, by a silver halide film, such as a graphic arts film), then this method is also capable of producing high resolution images. It also has the added advantage that the entire image (regardless of size) is produced with a single exposure of a fraction of a second.
  • Xenon flash lamps tend to be bulky, have high power consumption and pose heat dissipation problems, but more importantly, it is very difficult in practice to obtain large area images of high quality by this method without damaging the mask bearing the image information.
  • a xenon flash exposure generally necessitates the use of carbon black or a similar material as the radiation-absorber, because a xenon lamp is a broad band emitter and a material with a similarly broad absorption is required to make effective use of the available energy.
  • the current trend is to substitute infrared-absorbing dyes for carbon black in pursuit of higher resolution, and also in order to reduce the likelihood of image contamination by the radiation-absorber, e.g., as disclosed in European Patent Publication Nos. 321923, 403930, 403931, 403932, 403933, 403934, 404042, 405219, 405296, 407744, 408891, 408907 and 408908. Since dyes have a relatively narrow absorption band, higher intensity xenon flashes would be required, which compounds the heat-distortion problem described earlier.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an alternative method of thermal transfer imaging which does not suffer from the disadvantages associated with known methods of thermal transfer imaging.
  • Any suitable scanning exposure source may be used to effect thermal transfer of the colourant from the donor sheet to the receptor, although a continuous exposure source, such as a laser, is preferred.
  • a continuous exposure source such as a laser
  • suitable adjustment of the various parameters, such as laser power, spot size, scan rate and focus position it is possible to effect thermal transfer imaging without damaging the photographic mask. This is due to the fact that only a small area of the mask is irradiated at any one instant, with the remainder available to act as a heat sink.
  • the optimum exposure parameters depend on a number of variables, such as the sensitivity of the thermal transfer media and the thermal conductivity of both the mask and the radiation-absorber.
  • the energy flux per unit area experienced by both the mask and the media is a function of the laser power, the scan rate (dwell time) and focus for a given energy flux.
  • Better colourant transfer is obtained from a relatively short exposure at high power. This enables a high temperature to be generated within the imaging media (which is necessary for colourant transfer) as there is insufficient time for the heat to dissipate laterally.
  • lateral heat dissipation is essential, and so longer exposure at lower power is preferable.
  • the mask should have a thermal conductivity of at least 2x10 -3 Wcm -1 °K -1 .
  • the mask may be prepared from any photographic material capable of generating a reflective or absorbing image, e.g., conventional silver halide materials, photothermographic materials, xerographic materials etc., but most commonly the mask is prepared by conventional techniques from a graphic arts film, such as a contact film, a duplicating film, a high-contrast lith film or an imagesetting film.
  • a graphic arts film such as a contact film, a duplicating film, a high-contrast lith film or an imagesetting film.
  • the same laser may be used to image the thermal transfer media through the mask, which lends to savings in equipments costs.
  • any thermal transfer media which can be addressed by a scanning exposure source may be used in the method of the invention.
  • Such media generally comprise colourant donor and receptor sheets which are assembled in intimate, face-to-face contact prior to imaging.
  • Coldant is used in its broadest sense, and covers any material capable of modifying the surface of a receptor, visibly or otherwise (particularly with respect to optical density).
  • the colourant comprises one or more dyes or pigments with or without a binder.
  • the thermal transfer media are sufficiently sensitive to effect the transfer of colourant at energy levels of less than 4J/cm 2 .
  • the donor sheet normally comprises a support bearing a donor layer containing the colourant, either with or without a binder, but may also be a self-supporting film of binder and colourant, e.g., as disclosed in our European Patent No. 491564, filed 18th December 1991.
  • the receptor sheet may be of any suitable material, such as paper, plastics films etc., but advantageously comprises a support bearing a receptor layer of a heat-softenable, usually thermoplastic, resin.
  • a radiation-absorber (ordinarily absorbing radiation in the wavelength region 600 to 1070nm, more usually 750 to 980nm) must be present in one of the donor and receptor sheets, although if the colourant is itself radiation-absorbing (as disclosed, e.g., in our copending International Patent Application No. PCT/GB92/01489 entitled "Thermal Transfer Imaging", no additional absorber may be necessary.
  • the radiation-absorbing material may comprise any suitable material able to absorb the radiant energy, convert it to heat energy and transfer that heat energy to the colourant.
  • suitable radiation-absorbers include pigments, such as carbon black, e.g., as disclosed in British Patent No. 2083726, and infrared-absorbing dyes, including: phthalocyanine dyes, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4547444; ferrous complexes, e.g, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4912083, squarylium dyes, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
  • chalcogenopyrylo-arylidene dyes e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4948776
  • bis(chalcogenopyrylo)polymethine dyes e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4948777
  • oxyindolizine dyes e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4948778
  • tetraarylpolymethine dyes bis(aminoaryl)polymethine dyes, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4950639
  • merocyanine dyes e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
  • the radiation-absorber may be present in the same layer as the colourant (as disclosed in, e.g., European Patent Publication No. 403933) or it may be present in a separate layer on the donor (as disclosed in, e.g., Japanese Patent No. 63-319191), but for many purposes it is preferable for the radiation-absorber to be situated in the receptor, e.g., in a layer between the support and receiving layer, or in the receptor layer itself, as disclosed in PCT/GB/9201489.
  • the inclusion of the radiation-absorber in either the receptor layer or, more preferably, in an ordinarily adjacent underlayer thereto, is found to offer significant advantages over conventional thermal transfer materials in terms of both higher resolution and greater sensitivity since the heating effect is induced directly in the receptor.
  • Donor materials suitable for use with this embodiment of the invention are described in PCT/GB/9201489 and include substrates coated with either a layer of vapour-deposited dye or pigment (preferably along with a controlled release layer as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 07/775782 and 07/776602) or a thin layer ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ m) of a binder containing a high concentration of one or more dyes.
  • the donor sheet may be of the dye-diffusion (sublimation) type, whereby colourant dyes or pigments are transferred to the receptor in an amount proportional to the intensity of radiation absorbed, but it is preferably of the mass-transfer type, whereby essentially either 0% (zero) or 100% transfer of colourant takes place, depending on whether the absorbed energy in a given area reaches a threshold value.
  • the colourant frequently comprises one or more dyes or pigments in a waxy binder, the entire mixture being transferable.
  • PCT/GB/9201489 also discloses another type of mass transfer media in which the donor layer comprises a vapor-deposited colourant with no binder present.
  • Such materials comprise a radiation-absorbing layer, ordinarily coated on a support sheet, over which is coated the vapor-deposited colourant layer, although where the colourant is itself radiation-absorbing, a separate radiation-absorbing layer may be unnecessary.
  • a vapor-deposited colourant offers significant advantages over conventional materials, in which the colourant is dissolved or dispersed in a binder, both in terms of higher resolution and greater sensitivity (speed).
  • a vapor-deposited colourant is also free from contamination by binder materials and produces a pure, more intense image on the receptor. Also the transferred image shows a highly uniform optical density, even when large areas are transferred.
  • the colourant may be selected from a wide range of dyes and pigments, both organic and inorganic, that are capable of being vapour-deposited.
  • Suitable inorganic pigments include metals, e.g., aluminium, copper, gold and silver, and metal oxides.
  • the inorganic pigment may advantageously comprise a graded mixture of metal and metal oxide, formed as described in U.S. Patent Nos 4364995 and 4430366, e.g., "black aluminium oxide” which is a graded mixture of aluminium and aluminium oxide formed by vapor-depositing aluminium in the presence of controlled amounts of oxygen.
  • Suitable organic materials include indoanilines, amino-styryls, tricyanostyryls, methines, anthraquinones, phthalocyanines, indamines, triarylmethanes, benzylidenes, azos, monoazones, xanthenes, indigoids, oxonols, naphthols and pyrazolones. Any of the known techniques of vapour deposition may be used.
  • the colourant layer has a columnar microstructure, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 07/775782.
  • mass-transfer media suitable for use in the invention include the ablation transfer media described in WO90/12342 and WO92/06410 and the peel-apart media disclosed in WO93/03928.
  • lasers may be used to effect the thermal transfer of colourant from the donor to the receptor sheet, including gas ion lasers, such as argon and krypton lasers; metal vapor lasers, such as copper, gold and cadmium lasers, and solid state lasers, such as ruby or YAG lasers but in practice, diode lasers, such as gallium arsenide lasers, which offer substantial advantages in terms of their small size, low cost, stability, reliability, ruggedness and ease of modulation in accordance with digitally stored information, are preferred.
  • Lasers emitting radiation in the infrared region from 750 to 980nm are preferred, although lasers emitting outside of this region may be usefully employed in the practice of the present invention.
  • the laser preferably has an emission power of at least 5mW, with the upper power limit depending on the characteristics of the mask and the media, as well as the scan speed and spot size.
  • the laser is focused on the radiation-absorbing layer to give an illuminated spot of small, but finite dimensions, e.g., a circle of 20 ⁇ m diameter, which is scanned over the entire area of the mask and media.
  • the laser output may be adjusted via a cylindrical lens to a narrow line, e.g., 1cm x 20 ⁇ m, the longer dimension of which is perpendicular to the direction of scan. This permits a larger area to be scanned in one pass, although higher power and/or longer dwell times will be necessary to compensate for the larger area over which the energy is dissipated. Scanning of the laser may be carried out by any of the known methods, but will normally involve raster scanning, with successive scans abutting or overlapping as desired. Two or more lasers may scan different areas of a large image simultaneously.
  • the donor, receptor and mask are held in intimate contact with each other during imaging. This is frequently achieved by subjecting the assembly of mask and donor and receptor sheets to pressure, ordinarily at least 10g/mm 2 , preferably at least 40g/mm 2 for media of the type disclosed in PCT/GB/9201489. Other types of media do not generally require such high pressures, and vacuum hold-down is sufficient.
  • Multicolour images may be produced by repeating the above described imaging methods with successive donor sheets of different colours using the same receptor in each case.
  • the desired image may optionally be transferred to a different substrate, e.g., plain paper stock, by a suitable thermal lamination process, as disclosed, for example, in European Patent Publication No. 454083.
  • a suitable thermal lamination process as disclosed, for example, in European Patent Publication No. 454083.
  • IR-absorbing layer IR-Dye I(0.05g) was added to bisphenol-A-polycarbonate (3.33g; commercially available from Polysciences Inc.) in dichloromethane (26.6g) and cyclohexanone (3.33g). The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then knife-coated at 37.5 ⁇ m wet thickness onto the support. The coating was dried at 30°C for 2 hours.
  • Donor layer a copper phthalocyanine pigment, commercially available from Sun Chemicals Inc., was purified by vacuum sublimation at 500°C and 200Nm -2 (1.5 Torr) (argon) pressure.
  • the purified pigment was loaded in a heater made from stainless steel sheet material and the heater positioned in a custom built 30cm bell jar vacuum coater equipped with a diffusion pump and a 15cm web drive, about 4cm below the web.
  • the support (with IR-absorbing layer) was fed onto the web drive before pumping the vacuum chamber down to 6.7x10 -3 Nm -2 (5x10 -5 Torr) pressure.
  • the heater was heated to 410°C using an applied a.c. power supply to vaporise and deposit the pigment onto the IR-absorbing layer, the web drive moving at a speed of 0.25cm per second.
  • Donor layer Magenta Dye I (0.8g) and a dispersant (0.3g; commercially available from Troy Chemicals under the trade name CDI) were added to a solution of CAB 381-20 (cellulose acetate butyrate) (0.8g; commercially available from Eastman Kodak) in methyl ethyl ketone (30g) and methanol (20g). The resulting mixture was coated onto the support at Kbar 0 (4 ⁇ m wet thickness) to produce a magenta coating having a transmission optical density of 0.6 absorbance units at 530nm.
  • Kbars are wire wound coating rods commercially available from R.K. Printcoat Instruments Ltd.
  • IR-absorbing/Donor layer a boehmite (Al0.0H) subbing layer (0.4% by weight; 10 ⁇ m wet thickness; commercially available from Vista Chemical Co. under the trade name CATAPAL D) was coated onto the support, dried at 80°C and overcoated with a vapor-deposited layer of "black aluminium oxide" approximately 0.15 ⁇ m thick, following the procedure disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4364995 and 4430366. The transmission optical density of the layer was determined to be at least 4.6 absorbance units.
  • Support paper base.
  • IR-absorbing layer a mixture of IR-Dye I (0.05g) and bisphenol-A-polycarbonate (6.7g) in dichloromethane (53.2g) and cyclohexanone (6.7g) was coated at 25 ⁇ m wet thickness onto the support.
  • a series of half-tone images were produced on the following commercially available contact films: DRC4-S and DRC4-P commercially available from Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co; KU-8100 commercially available from Fuji, and CCC100E commercially available from Konica, using an UGRA test wedge.
  • Each half-tone mask was placed around the support roller of the scanner assembly shown in Figure 1 and described hereinafter.
  • the support roller (2) is biased against a transparent pressure plate (4) by a suitable weight (6) acting through pivot (8).
  • a mirror (10) and focusing lens (12) mounted on a support (14) are provided to focus the beam (16) from a laser diode (18) at the imaging plane (not shown), that is, onto the mask at the point of maximum pressure provided by the roller (2).
  • a linear stepped motor drive (20) advances the support (14) along slides (22).
  • a pressure of 40g/mm 2 was applied between the pressure plate (2) and support roller (4) and a series of scans at various laser powers and scan rates were performed.
  • Threshold Energy With a larger spot size, the Threshold Energy (E) would be expected to be smaller, requiring more sensitive donor media.
  • "VINYLITE VYNS” Union Carbide
  • "CATAPAL D” Vanista Chemical Co.
  • DRC4-S Vanista Chemical Co.
  • DRC4-P Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co.
  • CA-2000 Kaodak Ltd.
  • KU-8100 Feuji
  • CCC100E Konica

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Printer (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Un procédé de formation d'image qui comporte les étapes suivantes qui consistent:
    (a) à assembler une feuille donneuse ayant une couche donneuse comprenant un colorant transférable thermiquement et une feuille réceptrice de telle sorte que la couche donneuse soit en contact intime avec la feuille réceptrice, l'une des feuilles donneuse et réceptrice comprenant une couche absorbant un rayonnement;
    (b) à mettre l'assemblage donneur-récepteur en contact avec un masque photographique; et
    (c) à exposer l'assemblage donneur-récepteur à travers le masque photographique au moyen d'une source d'exposition par scannage de telle sorte que, dans les zones définies par les régions transparentes du masque, le rayonnement d'exposition soit absorbé et converti en énergie thermique par la couche absorbant un rayonnement pour effectuer le transfert thermique du colorant de la couche donneuse à la couche réceptrice.
  2. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel le masque photographique a une conductibilité thermique d'au moins 2x10-3 Wcm °K-1.
  3. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel les feuilles donneuse et réceptrice assemblées forment un système qui est suffisamment sensible pour effectuer le transfert de colorant à des niveaux d'énergie inférieurs à 4 J / cm2.
  4. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la feuille donneuse est une matière à transfert de masse.
  5. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la feuille donneuse comporte un support portant une couche donneuse qui comporte le colorant.
  6. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans les revendications, dans lequel la feuille donneuse comporte un support qui est revêtu d'une couche absorbant un rayonnement, la matière absorbant un rayonnement étant revêtue d'une couche d'un colorant déposé à l'état de vapeur.
  7. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la feuille réceptrice comporte un support qui est revêtu d'une couche d'une résine qui se ramollit à la chaleur.
  8. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la feuille réceptrice comporte un support qui est revêtu d'une couche réceptrice, la feuille réceptrice comportant, en outre, soit dans la couche réceptrice soit dans une couche sous-jacente à la couche réceptrice, une matière absorbant un rayonnement.
  9. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la matière absorbant un rayonnement absorbe un rayonnement ayant une longueur d'onde comprise entre 600 et 1070 nm.
  10. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel ladite source d'exposition est une source d'exposition par scannage continue.
  11. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la source d'exposition est un laser.
  12. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 11, dans lequel le laser est une diode laser.
  13. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 11 ou la revendication 12, dans lequel le laser a une puissance d'au moins 5 mW.
  14. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une pression d'au moins 10 g / mm2 est appliquée à l'assemblage donneur-récepteur.
  15. Un procédé tel que revendiqué dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le masque est formé à partir d'un film photographique à l'halogénure d'argent.
EP19930306350 1992-08-12 1993-08-11 Enregistrement par transfert thermique Expired - Lifetime EP0583165B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929217095A GB9217095D0 (en) 1992-08-12 1992-08-12 Thermal transfer imaging
GB9217095 1992-08-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0583165A2 EP0583165A2 (fr) 1994-02-16
EP0583165A3 EP0583165A3 (fr) 1995-05-24
EP0583165B1 true EP0583165B1 (fr) 1997-11-12

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EP19930306350 Expired - Lifetime EP0583165B1 (fr) 1992-08-12 1993-08-11 Enregistrement par transfert thermique

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EP (1) EP0583165B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06191063A (fr)
DE (1) DE69315140T2 (fr)
GB (1) GB9217095D0 (fr)

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AU1665295A (en) * 1995-02-10 1996-08-27 Florian Kall Method of coating a transparent carrier plate and coated carrier plate produced according to this method
JP4586353B2 (ja) * 2003-11-18 2010-11-24 ソニー株式会社 記録方法
WO2014183797A1 (fr) * 2013-05-17 2014-11-20 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Impression de feuille

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JPS60110498A (ja) * 1983-11-22 1985-06-15 Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc 画像形成材料

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DE69315140T2 (de) 1998-03-26
GB9217095D0 (en) 1992-09-23
EP0583165A2 (fr) 1994-02-16
DE69315140D1 (de) 1997-12-18
EP0583165A3 (fr) 1995-05-24
JPH06191063A (ja) 1994-07-12

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