EP0581635B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterialkörpers mit nichtorganischem Matrix - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterialkörpers mit nichtorganischem Matrix Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0581635B1
EP0581635B1 EP93401806A EP93401806A EP0581635B1 EP 0581635 B1 EP0581635 B1 EP 0581635B1 EP 93401806 A EP93401806 A EP 93401806A EP 93401806 A EP93401806 A EP 93401806A EP 0581635 B1 EP0581635 B1 EP 0581635B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stack
process according
preform
temporary binder
tubular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP93401806A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0581635A1 (de
Inventor
Eric Sixdeniers
Dario Forti
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Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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Priority claimed from FR9208725A external-priority patent/FR2694553B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
    • C22C47/062—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element from wires or filaments only
    • C22C47/064—Winding wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
    • C22C47/062—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element from wires or filaments only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/20—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by subjecting to pressure and heat an assembly comprising at least one metal layer or sheet and one layer of fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a manufacturing process. of a piece of composite material, from wicks formed from filaments of an organic material such as carbon or ceramic, and inorganic material such as a metal or a metal alloy, with a view to make a part of composite material with a non-matrix organic.
  • wicks wound on spools with separators dividers. These spread wicks are formed parallel filaments of organic material such as carbon or ceramic, coated with a material not organic intended to form the matrix of the composite material.
  • This non-organic material consists either of a metal, either by a metal alloy.
  • the substantially parallel filaments which form the spread wick give it a discontinuous nature which makes it particularly difficult its grip and, consequently, its implementation during of the production of a composite material part. In particular, it is difficult, if not impossible, to cut and drape spread carbon wicks and metallic.
  • the thickness reduction that accompanies the thermomechanical cycle final to obtain the material part composite from the stack of spread wicks inevitably leads, in the case of non-planar parts, at the breaking of part of the filaments. Therefore, the composite part obtained is damaged and does not does not meet the required quality requirements.
  • the polymer constitutes a temporary binder which makes it possible to obtain a precomposite leaf-shaped with handling and cutting are facilitated.
  • a binder temporary to form an extremely thin film from a wick of filaments, spread out is not envisaged.
  • the laminated is obtained by cold rolling the stack of leaves.
  • the temporary binder remains rigid during of this cold rolling operation. Therefore, filaments may break if the workpiece has a complex shape (half-shell, cap, etc.).
  • document FR-A-2 366 904 proposes to place in a mold heated a stack of sheets formed of fibers refractories embedded in a metallic matrix.
  • the mold includes an expandable internal bladder and a non-deformable female imprint, allowing to apply a thermomechanical cycle determined on the stack.
  • the filaments of each of the sheets in the stack can be bonded together by a polymerized glue.
  • the glue Prior to the application of the thermomechanical cycle, the glue is pyrolyzed by a first heating of the mold.
  • the main object of the invention is a process for manufacturing parts from material non-organic matrix composite of any shape, possibly complex, preserving continuity filaments and, therefore, the characteristics mechanical parts.
  • the binder When the draping has been carried out, the binder temporary, heated to a suitable temperature when thermal cycle, behaves like an adhesive which allows to make a preform, in one or more steps, before bringing the part to its final form when due final thermomechanical cycle.
  • the passage of the room through one or more intermediate forms before its implementation final shape allows the filaments to take their place gradually, which allows the production of parts of complex shapes, without breaking of filaments and allows the use of less expensive tools to apply the final thermomechanical cycle.
  • the impregnation of the locks by a temporary binder allows to condition these wicks under the shape of a flexible sheet formed of several wicks juxtaposed, which makes cutting and draping extremely easy.
  • the impregnation step is advantageously preceded by a winding step of wicks spread on a mandrel, to form a layer of parallel filaments juxtaposed.
  • thermomechanical cycle which allows to get the final piece also has has the effect of degrading the temporary binder, i.e. to break it down in order to facilitate its suction out of the part by a gas sweep or by vacuum.
  • the degraded temporary binder may also stay trapped in the room. However, he does not play then no role.
  • the temporary binder is a thermoplastic binder such as polystyrene.
  • Heating of the stack is then carried out at a bonding temperature between approximately 160 ° and around 280 ° C.
  • the mechanical action exerted on the stack in order to achieve the preform can be different natures. So it can be one or several compacting actions, whether or not followed by one or more several shaping actions.
  • the part to be produced is tubular in shape
  • the preform by exerting a mechanical compaction action on a first tubular stack, at the temperature of bonding of the temporary binder, cooling the first tubular stack thus compacted, having coaxially this first compacted tubular stack and a second tubular stack, exercising a new mechanical action of compaction at the temperature of the bonding of the temporary binder, cooling the first and the second tubular stacks thus compacted, and repeating these operations until all tubular stacks made previously to be compacted.
  • the material intended to form the matrix of the play justifies it, in particular because of its oxidisable nature, it is integrated into the stack at minus a surface protection sheet, when draping.
  • the provisional binder strands spread with parallel filaments, such that the evaporation of the solvent conditions these wicks spread in the form of a flexible film in which the parallel filaments are connected by the binder provisional stiffened.
  • the impregnation step is preceded by a winding step of the strands spread over a mandrel, to form a layer of parallel filaments juxtaposed.
  • the thermomechanical cycle comprises a first phase of degradation of the temporary binder, at during which the temperature is brought and maintained at a first bearing, without mechanical action on the preform, and a second consolidation phase, during from which the temperature is brought to and maintained at a second level, higher than the first, and an action mechanical compression is applied to the preform.
  • the temporary binder is advantageously evacuated from the room either by a gas sweep, either by vacuum.
  • the process of manufacture according to the invention applies to the manufacture of parts from matrix composite material inorganic, from wicks spread with filaments organic such as carbon or ceramic filaments, coated with inorganic material such as metal or a metal alloy intended to form the matrix composite material.
  • the first phase of this manufacturing process allows to condition the spread wicks, in the form a flexible film, in order to facilitate cutting and subsequent draping of these locks.
  • wicks 10 formed for example of carbon filaments 11 substantially parallel between them and metallized. These spread wicks are wound on storage coils, along with a separator interlayer which prevents the filaments of successive layers to get tangled.
  • the width of the spread wick can be about 40 mm.
  • a first step consists in coating a mandrel 12 an interface plate 13.
  • the spread wick 10 is wound edge to edge or overlapped on the mandrel 12, coated with interface plate 13, as illustrated schematically Figure 1. This gives a sheet of parallel filaments 11 juxtaposed, forming a layer single filaments on the mandrel 12.
  • the interface sheet 13 carrying the layer of filaments 11 is deployed and flattened. To allow this operation, the sheet and filaments are cut according to a generator of the mandrel.
  • the sheet of filaments 11 resting on the sheet interface 13 is then impregnated with a temporary binder, dissolved in a solvent.
  • a temporary binder is a thermoplastic type binder such as polystyrene, which has the advantages to use a solvent (toluene) of reduced toxicity, allow the viscosity of the solution to be controlled obtained, to be able to be used at low temperature and be sufficiently rigid at room temperature.
  • solvent toluene
  • approximately 100 g of polystyrene can be dissolved in one liter of toluene.
  • the impregnated sheet is subjected to a thermal cycle as illustrated by the arrow 16 in FIG. 1.
  • This thermal cycle carried out at atmospheric pressure, has to evaporate the solvent, i.e. toluene in the example considered. It consists of heating the layer of filaments 11 impregnated with the polystyrene solution at a temperature of about 120 ° C.
  • the second phase of the manufacturing process according to the invention consists in making a preform at using the flexible film obtained previously. Obtaining of this preform is permitted for shaped parts any, possibly complex, by the presence temporary binder such as polystyrene which is associated to the filaments 11 in the flexible film 18. Indeed, when the polystyrene is heated to a temperature between about 160 ° C and about 280 ° C, it behaves like a glue that keeps the relative to each other the different layers cut from the flexible film and give to the stack thus formed the desired thickness and shape.
  • temporary binder such as polystyrene which is associated to the filaments 11 in the flexible film 18.
  • This phase of manufacturing a preform begins with film cutting and draping steps 18, to form a stack 20 of superimposed layers. More precisely, each of the layers of the stack is cut from the flexible film 18 and the filaments it contains are oriented in a specific direction, which takes into account the mechanical characteristics of the piece you want to make. In a layout conventional, the filaments of the adjacent layers can especially be oriented at angles which differ by about 45 ° from one layer to another.
  • the stack 20 can be achieved either by draping on a flat surface as illustrated schematically Figure 1, either by draping over a surface of different shape, such as a cylindrical mandrel when you want to make a tubular part, as we will see later.
  • the preform to be produced differs from the stack 20 both by its thickness and by its shape, as in the example of embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the realization of the preform advantageously takes place in two successive stages.
  • the first of these steps consists of a compacting operation to transform the stack 20 into a blank 22 which has the same shape as stack 20 (i.e. a planar shape in the example shown) but whose thickness is equal to that of the preform that we want to achieve.
  • this compacting operation involves reduce the thickness of the stack 20 in order to give the blank 22 a thickness intermediate between that of the stack 20 and that of the part to be produced.
  • the creation of the blank 22 from stacking 20 is carried out by subjecting the latter to a thermal cycle at a temperature sufficient to give with the provisional binder the characteristics of an adhesive.
  • this temperature is at least equal to 160 ° C and must be kept at this level for a duration of at least 15 min.
  • the temperature should however stay below about 280 ° C, to avoid any degradation or decomposition of the polystyrene at this manufacturing stage.
  • a heating of stacking 20 at about 180 ° C for about 30 min. ensures the bonding of the layers constituting the stack.
  • this thermal cycle is accompanied a mechanical compaction action, obtained in subjecting the stack to a pressure greater than 1 bar (for example, about 20 bars) when stacking is at 180 ° C, then during cooling up to a temperature close to 70 ° C.
  • the hardening polystyrene then allows the stack not to resume its initial thickness.
  • This compacting operation can be performed placing stack 20 in a press heated or in an autoclave.
  • the preform 24 is then produced during of a second shaping operation.
  • the thickness of the blank 22 is practically not modified, but we give it a shape comparable to that of the part to be produced but whose contours are less accentuated, so that this shape is substantially intermediate between that of the blank 22 and that of the final part.
  • the thermal cycle gives the binder the characteristics of an adhesive when the shaping is performed. So we heat the blank 22 in an oven up to a temperature of about 180 ° C, then maintain the temperature at this level for about 30 min.
  • the mechanical action of shaping the blank 22 is exercised by placing the latter between a punch whose active part is preferably relatively flexible and a rigid matrix. To ensure shaping, a pressure of at least about 20 bars is applied between the punch and the die when the temperature reaches about 180 ° C and this pressure is held until the temperature has dropped up to a value close to 70 ° C. The provisional binder is then stiffened and maintains the preform in the final form obtained.
  • the preform 24 is placed between a punch 28a and a die 28b whose surfaces are complementary to the opposite faces of the part 26 to achieve.
  • the punch 28a as the die 28b have shapes different from those of the punch and the matrix used previously, during the second shaping operation, to make the preform 24. Indeed, we have seen previously that the shape of the final part 26 is different from that of the preform 24.
  • the material which constitutes the punch 28a is different from that which constitutes the punch used during this second setting operation form.
  • thermomechanical cycle final is applied up to a temperature allowing welding-diffusion of non-organic material which coating the filaments contained in the preform, so that this material fills most of the inter-filament spaces and forms the matrix of the composite material. It is important to observe that this temperature is always higher than the degradation temperature or decomposition of the provisional binder, i.e. about 400 ° C in the case of polystyrene.
  • the final thermomechanical cycle corresponds to heating of the preform 24 to a temperature about 600 ° C for about 1 hour, a pressure relatively large, for example between about 100 bars and about 250 bars, being applied between the punch 28a and the die 28b.
  • the decomposed polystyrene residues during the final thermomechanical cycle can remain trapped in the composite material or at otherwise be flushed out of this material during the cycle thermomechanical.
  • evacuation is obtained by vacuuming residues, either by performing a gas sweep, either by vacuum.
  • the first phase of the process leading to obtaining a flexible film 18 formed from organic filaments 11 juxtaposed parallels, coated with a material inorganic and linked together by a binder stiffened temporary such as polystyrene, is identical to that previously described with reference to in Figure 1.
  • the second phase of the process consists in this case of making a preform tubular whose thickness is greater than that of the part to be produced.
  • the thickness of the preform obtained at the end of this second phase is intermediate between that of a stack or a winding initial of pieces cut from the flexible film 18 and draped over a mandrel, and the thickness of the workpiece to achieve.
  • the outside diameter of the preform is substantially equal to or barely less than that of the part to be produced, while its diameter interior is less than that of this room.
  • the second phase of the process begins with a step of cutting pieces of appropriate sizes in the flexible film 18.
  • This cutting step is followed by a step layup, performed in this case on a cylindrical mandrel.
  • a single draping operation followed by a single compaction step, or several operations of layup each followed by a compaction step can be performed, as shown schematically in figure 2.
  • the pieces of the film flexible 18 previously cut are draped in a single operation on an expandable cylindrical mandrel consisting of an inflatable elastomeric bladder.
  • This bladder forms the internal element of a compaction mold, comparable in structure to the consolidation mold used during the final thermomechanical cycle, which will be described thereafter with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the outside diameter of the inflatable bladder is significantly smaller than the inside diameter of the preform that we want to obtain, while the diameter outside of the stack or winding formed on the bladder is practically equal or very slightly lower the outside diameter of this preform.
  • the inflatable bladder carrying the stack or the winding is then placed in a rigid tube constituting the external element of the compaction mold.
  • the compaction mold is then introduced into a oven or in an autoclave for applying a thermal cycle during compaction.
  • the temperature is raised to a value sufficient to give the provisional binder of the characteristics of an adhesive, without cause its degradation or decomposition.
  • heating at around 180 ° C, or more, for about 30 min ensures the bonding of the layers of the stack.
  • a compaction pressure is applied to the stack, by inflating the bladder inflatable.
  • This compaction pressure is at least equal to approximately 20 bars. It is maintained during the preform cooling to a temperature of which the temporary binder is hardened. In the case of polystyrene, compaction pressure is maintained until the temperature has dropped to approximately 70 ° C.
  • Depressurization of the elastomeric bladder causes its removal and promotes the release of the preform thus obtained.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the case where two cycles of successive compaction are applied in order to obtain the preform.
  • a stack is produced on the one hand external 20a on a first elastomeric bladder inflatable and, on the other hand, an internal stack 20b on a second inflatable elastomeric bladder.
  • the inflatable metal bladders form the elements internal of two compaction molds similar to the mold of consolidation of figure 3.
  • the outer diameter of the outer stack 20a is practically equal or very slightly lower to the external diameter of the preform to be obtained.
  • the outside diameter of the internal stack 20b is practically equal or very slightly lower the inside diameter of the external stack 20a, when the latter has been compacted.
  • the compacting of the stack is carried out. external 20a according to a compaction process analogous to that previously described in the case where only one compaction step is necessary.
  • a compaction pressure is applied to stacking, by means of the first bladder. This pressure is maintained after sufficient cooling so that the temporary binder is hardened.
  • Stacking compacted external 22a is then removed from the mold.
  • the temporary binder is first brought to its temperature of collage.
  • a compaction pressure is applied to the assembly formed by the non-compacted internal stack 20b and by the compacted external stack 22a, by means of the second bladder. This pressure is maintained until that the assembly is sufficiently cooled to ensure hardening of the temporary binder.
  • cooling we get a tubular preform 24 whose outside diameter is close to that of the part to be produced, but whose thickness is greater.
  • the production phase tubular preform 24, including one or more several compaction operations is followed by a thermomechanical consolidation cycle allowing give the room its final dimensions.
  • the inorganic material which coats the filaments is brought to its temperature of welding-diffusion, allowing it to fill spaces inter-filaments and form the matrix of the material composite.
  • This consolidation cycle is obtained by placing the tubular preform 24 in a consolidation mold 30 illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 3.
  • the compaction mold (s) used during necessary compaction operations to the manufacturing of the preform do differ from this mold 30 only by their dimensions.
  • the consolidation mold 30 has a inflatable metal bladder 32, tubular in shape and uniform circular section, on which the tubular preform 24.
  • This bladder is made in a metal or a sufficiently resistant metal alloy so that it can withstand the compaction pressure applied during consolidation, which can reach 100 to 250 bars. Under these conditions, the use of a bladder 32 made of thin stainless steel, is recommended, in particular by the fact that this material is inert from a physico-chemical point of view, for materials constituting the composite material part to to manufacture.
  • the bladder 32 has a closed end and an open end, provided with a flange 32a.
  • the external element of the mold 30 is constituted by a rigid tube 34, for example of steel.
  • This tube is made in two parts whose joint plane passes through its longitudinal axis, so as to allow demolding when the consolidation is complete.
  • the rigid tube 34 is itself placed in a non-deformable external security enclosure 36, tubular shape and very thick.
  • This enclosure made for example of refractory steel, takes up the forces applied to the tube 34 during inflation of the bladder 32. It has a frustoconical inner surface, complementary to a frustoconical exterior surface of tube 34. This characteristic makes it possible to extract the tube 34 containing the part and the bladder 32, when consolidation is complete.
  • the flange 32a is sealed between the corresponding ends of the rigid tube 34 and security enclosure 36 on the one hand and the cap 38 screwed onto the safety enclosure 36, on the other go.
  • This plug 38 is crossed axially by a conduit 40 connected to a pressure source and opening inside the bladder 32.
  • the other plug 38 is crossed by a conduit 42 adapted to be connected by a valve V1 either to a vacuum source 44 of a gas conditioning, i.e. to a sewer 46.
  • a inside the mold 30, the duct 42 opens into the annular space 48 formed between the bladder 32 and the rigid tube 34.
  • Another conduit 50 passes radially the security enclosure and communicates with space 48 by a passage 52 formed in the rigid tube 34.
  • a outside the mold 30, the conduit 50 communicates with a source of neutral gas 54 from the gas conditioning, through a valve V2.
  • the mold 30 is itself placed in an oven tubular (not shown) for applying to the tubular preform 24 a determined temperature cycle.
  • the pressure necessary for consolidation is applied on the preform 24, by means of the bladder 32.
  • the interior of the mold 30 is subjected to a sweeping of a neutral gas such as argon, via lines 42 and 56, valve V2 being open and the valve V1 open on the sewer 46.
  • the temperature is then gradually raised to a first level, ensuring degradation or decomposition of the temporary binder. It is gradually removed from the preform by scanning gaseous.
  • the mold is evacuated through line 42 (valve V2 closed and valve V1 open on the vacuum source 44) and the temperature is gradually raised again up to a second level, corresponding to the welding-diffusion temperature of the material intended for form the matrix.
  • the bladder is then put under pressure to reduce the porosity of the room to a minimum value. The dimensions of the room then correspond to the desired value.
  • the mold After cooling, the mold is removed of the room. For this, we extract the tube 34, containing the part and the bladder 32, of the enclosure 36, which is facilitated by the taper of the surfaces in contact with the tube 34 and enclosure 36. The tube 34 is then dismantled two parts. The extraction of bladder 32 is finally performed either by electrochemical machining or by chemical machining, either by machining one or several grooves along the entire length of the bladder, then “peeling" of the latter by thermomechanical traction.
  • preform 24 can be coated with a protective metal sheet on its interior and exterior surfaces, when the material intended to form the matrix requires it, for example in because of its oxidizable nature. So if this material is magnesium, preform 24 is coated with sheets titanium.
  • the protective sheets are put in place when or drapes, on the surfaces intended to form the interior and exterior surfaces of the preform.
  • a protective sheet is placed around the external stack 20a and another protective sheet is placed inside of the internal stack 20b.
  • the main benefit stems from manufacturing an intermediate preform, thanks to the application mechanical action on the stack, after it has been heated to a temperature such that the temporary binder behaves like an adhesive which ensures the connection between the filaments of the different layers, while allowing their relative displacement. Because the mechanical action is maintained during cooling, until the temporary binder hardens, this then ensures cohesion and maintenance in the state of the preform thus produced.
  • This technique makes it possible to obtain shaped parts complex with practically no filament breakage, which was not possible with prior techniques.
  • the preform which is performed before applying the thermomechanical cycle final can be obtained either directly, in one single operation, from the stack of layers, either in two or more operations, depending on the complexity of the shape of the part to be obtained and according to the reduction thickness that must be performed. In all cases, the quality of the part obtained is very appreciably improved compared to current techniques, without that it is necessary to use tools complex and expensive.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Verfahren zur Fertigung eines Verbundmaterialkörpers (26) mit nichtorganischer Matrix, die folgenden Schritte umfassend:
    Herstellen einer Lage aus Vorgarnen (10) von Filamenten (11) und einem zur Bildung der Matrix geeigneten Material;
    Imprägnieren der Vorgarne (10) der Lage mit einem provisorischen Bindemittel, aufgelöst in einem Lösungsmittel;
    Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels durch Erwärmung, um die Lage in Form einer biegsamen Folie (18) zu fixieren;
    Ausschneiden von Stücken aus der biegsamen Folie;
    Drapieren dieser Stücke, um wenigstens einen Stapel (20) zu bilden;
    Herstellen einer Vorform (24) mit einer Zwischendicke und -form zwischen der Dicke und der Form des Stapels (20) und der Dicke und der Form des zu fertigenden Körpers (26);
    Anwenden eines thermomechanischen Zyklus auf die Vorform (24), um dieser letzteren die Dicke und die Form des zu fertigenden Körpers (26) zu geben, und
    Abbauen bzw. Auflösen des provisorischen Bindemittels;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß man die Vorform herstellt, indem man den Stapel (20) bis auf eine Klebetemperatur des provisorischen Bindemittels erwärmt, indem man eine mechanische Aktion bzw. Einwirkung auf den Stapel (20) ausübt, sodann indem man diesen letzteren abkühlt bis auf eine Aushärtungstemperatur des provisorischen Bindemittels.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das provisorische Bindemittel vom thermoplastischen Typ ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das thermoplastische Bindemittel Polystyrol ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erwärmung des Stapels (20) auf eine Klebetemperatur des Polystyrens von wenigstens gleich ungefähr 160°C und höchstens gleich ungefähr 280°C erfolgt.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man auf den Stapel (20) wenigstens eine mechanische Verdichtungsaktion ausübt.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man auf den Stapel (20) wenigstens eine mechanische Verdichtungsaktion oder eine mechanische Formungsaktion ausübt.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, angewandt zur Fertigung eines rohrförmigen Körpers, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man wenigstens zwei getrennte rohrförmige Stapel (20a,20b) herstellt und die Vorform herstellt, indem man bei der Klebetemperatur des provisorischen Bindemittels eine mechanische Verdichtungsaktion auf einen ersten rohrförmigen Stapel (20a) ausübt, den derart verdichteten ersten rohrförmigen Stapel (20a) abkühlt, diesen ersten rohrförmigen Stapel (20a) und einen zweiten rohrförmigen Stapel (20b) koaxial anordnet, eine neue mechanische Verdichtungsaktion bei der Klebetemperatur des provisorischen Bindemittels ausübt, den ersten und den zweiten derart verdichteten rohrförmigen Stapel (20a,20b) abkühlt und diese Operationen solange wiederholt, bis alle vorhergehend hergestellten rohrförmigen Stapel verdichtet sind.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 und 7, angewandt zur Fertigung eines rohrförmigen Körpers, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Drapieren auf einem ausdehnbaren Balg erfolgt, der das Innenelement einer Verdichtungsform bildet, und daß man durch Aufblasen des genannten Balgs eine mechanische Verdichtungsaktion auf den Stapel (20a,20b) ausübt.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man während des thermomechanischen Zyklus eine mechanische Verdichtungsaktion auf die Vorform (24) ausübt, indem man diese letztere auf einem ausdehnbaren, das Innenelement einer Konsolidierungsform (30) bildenden Balg (32) anbringt und besagten Balg aufbläst.
  10. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 8 und 9 zusammen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ausdehnbare Balg (32) der Konsolidierungsform (30) aus nichtoxidierendem Stahl ist.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man beim Drapieren wenigstens eine Oberflächenschutzfolie in den Stapel integriert.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ausgebreitete Vorgarne (10) paralleler Filamente (11) mit dem provisorischen Bindemittel imprägniert, so daß die Verdampfung des Bindemittels diese ausgebreiteten Vorgarne in Form einer biegsamen Folie (18) fixiert, in der die parallelen Filamente durch das erstarrte provisorische Bindemittel verbunden sind.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Imprägnierungsschritt ein Aufwickelschritt der ausgebreiteten Vorgarne (10) auf einen Kern (12) vorausgeht, um eine Schicht aus parallelen, nebeneinanderliegenden Filamenten (11) zu bilden.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der thermomechanische Zyklus eine erste Phase des Abbaus des provisorischen Bindemittels umfaßt, in deren Verlauf die Temperatur auf eine erste Stufe gebracht und dort gehalten wird, ohne mechanische Einwirkung auf die Vorform (24), und eine zweite Phase der Konsolidierung, in deren Verlauf die Temperatur auf eine zweite, höhere Stufe als die erste gebracht und dort gehalten wird, und eine mechanische Druckaktion auf die Vorform (24) ausgeübt wird.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das abgebaute provisorischen Bindemittel aus der Vorform (24) evakuiert wird.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das abgebaute provisorische Bindemittel durch eine Gasspülung evakuiert wird.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das abgebaute provisorische Bindemittel mittels Vakuum evakuiert wird.
EP93401806A 1992-07-15 1993-07-12 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterialkörpers mit nichtorganischem Matrix Expired - Lifetime EP0581635B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9208725 1992-07-15
FR9208725A FR2694553B1 (fr) 1992-07-15 1992-07-15 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en matériau composite à matrice non organique.
FR9307623A FR2694931B1 (fr) 1992-07-15 1993-06-23 Procede de fabrication d'une piece en materiau composite a matrice non organique.
FR9307623 1993-06-23

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EP0581635A1 EP0581635A1 (de) 1994-02-02
EP0581635B1 true EP0581635B1 (de) 1998-05-20

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DE10005250B4 (de) * 1999-02-09 2004-10-28 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von faserverstärkten metallischen Bauteilen

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GB1249291A (en) * 1967-03-29 1971-10-13 Nat Res Dev Improvements in or relating to composite materials
FR2366904A1 (fr) * 1976-10-11 1978-05-05 Armines Procede et appareillage pour la fabrication de tubes en materiaux composites
JPS5547335A (en) * 1978-09-27 1980-04-03 Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd Manufacturing method of fiber reinforced metal based composite material

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FR2694931A1 (fr) 1994-02-25
FR2694931B1 (fr) 1996-10-25
EP0581635A1 (de) 1994-02-02
DE69318639T2 (de) 1998-12-03

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