EP0580177A1 - Schraubenschlüssel für Schnellmontage - Google Patents

Schraubenschlüssel für Schnellmontage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0580177A1
EP0580177A1 EP93111906A EP93111906A EP0580177A1 EP 0580177 A1 EP0580177 A1 EP 0580177A1 EP 93111906 A EP93111906 A EP 93111906A EP 93111906 A EP93111906 A EP 93111906A EP 0580177 A1 EP0580177 A1 EP 0580177A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wrench
fastener
driving
throat
surface portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93111906A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0580177B1 (de
Inventor
Frank Mikic
Jeffrey H. Hoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Snap On Inc
Original Assignee
Snap On Tools Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Snap On Tools Corp filed Critical Snap On Tools Corp
Publication of EP0580177A1 publication Critical patent/EP0580177A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0580177B1 publication Critical patent/EP0580177B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/02—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws
    • B25B13/08—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws of open jaw type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/10—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws
    • B25B13/12—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws the jaws being slidable

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to wrenches of the type commonly known as "speed wrenches" which provide a ratcheting-type action.
  • the prior art includes a number of different designs of wrenches which provide a ratchet-type action without the use of any ratchet wheel or dog or other additional moving parts to provide the ratcheting action.
  • Such wrenches are commonly referred to as "speed wrenches” and are typically characterized by jaws respectively having long and short driving surfaces for respectively engaging opposite sides or flats of an associated fastener, such as a hexagonal fastener.
  • speed wrenches Both open-end wrench and adjustable wrench versions of such ratcheting-type speed wrenches have been provided.
  • the driving surfaces In operation, when the wrench is rotated in a forward torque applying direction, the driving surfaces will firmly grip the fastener for applying torque to it, while when the wrench is rotated in the reverse direction the driving surfaces will slip or "ratchet" over the fastener surfaces to facilitate movement of the wrench to engagement with a different set of fastener flats without having to lift the wrench from the fastener.
  • a common prior art speed wrench configuration is designated by the numeral 10 in FIGS. 1 and 2 and includes long and short driving surfaces 11 and 12 interconnected by a generally V-shaped throat which includes flat throat surfaces 13 interconnected by an arcuate corner recess 14. Such recesses 14 may also be provided at the junctions between the throat surfaces 13 and the driving surfaces 11 and 12.
  • the wrench 10 is illustrated as used with a hexagonal fastener 15 having six flats or side surfaces 16 interconnected at six equal-angle corners 17.
  • the wrench 10 is designed so that when an appropriately-sized fastener 15 is disposed between the jaws, the corner recesses 14 will provide clearance for the fastener corners 17. Ideally, if both the wrench 10 and the fastener 15 are accurately sized, the fastener 15 will fit snugly between the wrench jaws and the fastener corners 17 will remain in the corner recesses 14 during a torque applying operation.
  • the wrench 10 When, because of tolerance variations in the parts, the wrench 10 must be rotated through several degrees in order to bring the driving surfaces 11 and 12 into firm torque applying engagement with opposed fastener flats 16, the corner 17 disposed in the wrench throat will ride up out of the corner recess 14 in the throat and onto the adjacent throat surface 13, as can be seen in FIG. 2. This creates a camming action between the throat surface 13 and the fastener corner 16 which tends to urge the fastener 15 outwardly away from the throat.
  • the short driving surface 12 is slid down closer to the adjacent corner of the fastener and, if this relative rotation between the wrench 10 and the fastener 15 continues far enough, the short driving surface 12 will slip off the fastener.
  • An important feature of the invention is a speed wrench which significantly increases the ultimate torque which can be applied by the wrench.
  • another feature of the invention is the provision of a speed wrench which maintains consistent fastener engagement and torque application despite tolerance variations in fastener size.
  • Still another feature of the invention is the provision of a speed wrench of the type set forth which inhibits slippage of the wrench from an associated fastener during a torque applying operation.
  • Yet another feature of the invention is the provision of a speed wrench of the type set forth which minimizes damage to the corners of an associated fastener.
  • Still another feature of the invention is the provision of an open-end speed wrench of the type set forth.
  • Yet another feature of the invention is the provision of an adjustable speed wrench of the type set forth.
  • a wrench for use with a fastener having a plurality of substantially flat sides intersecting at a plurality of corners comprising: a wrenching head including two jaws and a throat interconnecting the jaws, the jaws respectively including driving surfaces respectively disposed for driving engagement with opposed sides of the fastener, the throat including a generally flat first surface portion adjacent to one of the driving surfaces and inclined with respect thereto at a predetermined angle of at least 120° and disposed for engagement in use with a corner of the fastener, the throat including a recessed second surface portion interconnecting the first surface portion and the other of the driving surfaces and shaped and dimensioned so as to remain spaced in use from an associated fastener which is engaged with the driving surfaces.
  • the wrench 20 includes a handle or shank 21 provided with a wrenching head 22 at the end thereof. It will be appreciated that another wrenching head could be provided at the other end of the handle (not shown).
  • the wrenching head 22 has a short jaw 23 and a long jaw 24, respectively having substantially flat planar driving surfaces 25 and 26 thereon and respectively terminating at the outer or distal ends thereof in truncated angled ends 27 and 28.
  • the driving surface 25 is substantially shorter than the driving surface 26 and, at the inner end thereof, intersects a short arcuate recess 29.
  • the driving surfaces 25 and 26 are spaced apart a distance W slightly greater than the nominal across-sides dimension X of an associated hexagonal fastener 15 of the size for which the wrench 20 is intended to be used.
  • the driving surfaces 25 and 26 are generally parallel, but they may slightly converge outwardly at a small angle of approximately 3° to improve the flat engaging contact with the opposite sides of an associated fastener 15 despite tolerance size variations in the fastener.
  • the length of the short driving surface 25 is long enough to ensure adequate gripping of the fastener 15 during forward rotation and short enough to ensure ratcheting slippage during reverse rotation, and is typically approximately one-tenth the across sides dimension X of the fastener 15.
  • the wrench head 22 has a throat 30 which interconnects the jaws 23 and 24.
  • the throat 30 includes a generally flat support surface portion 31 which extends from the arcuate recess 29 downwardly away from the driving surface 25. More specifically, the support surface portion 31 is inclined with respect to the driving surface 25 at an angle Z in the range of from about 120° to about 140° and, preferably, approximately 123°. While the support surface portion 31 may be a flat planar surface, in the preferred embodiment it is very slightly convex for ease of manufacturing, having a large radius R which is more than twice the distance W between the driving surfaces 25 and 26.
  • the support surface portion 31 terminates at an inner end 32 and has a length L which is substantially less than the nominal side dimension S of the associated fastener 15. In particular, the length L may be in the range of from about 1/3 to about 2/3 the fastener side dimension S and is preferably approximately 1/2 S.
  • the throat 30 also includes an arcuate portion 35 which extends from the inner end 32 of the support surface portion 31 to the inner end of the driving surface 26. While the arcuate portion 35 may have any desired shape, in the preferred embodiment, it is a compound surface including a relatively small radius portion 36 and a relatively large radius portion 37, so that the arcuate portion 35 slopes more steeply away from the support surface 31.
  • the essential aspect of the arcuate portion 35 is that it be so dimensioned and shaped that it will not contact the associated fastener 15 in use, as will be explained in greater detail below.
  • the wrench 20 is applied to the fastener 15 in the manner illustrated in FIG. 4 in which, to facilitate the description, the corners of the fastener 15 have been respectively designated A through F, lettered clockwise.
  • the fastener 15 is received between the wrench jaws 23 and 24 until a corner A of the fastener 15 engages the support surface portion 31 of the throat 30 at point 38, with the driving surface 25 disposed in engagement with the adjacent one of the fastener flats 16.
  • the opposite one of the fastener flats 16 will be disposed for engagement with the driving surface 26 at a location adjacent to the outer or distal end thereof, which location may be spaced a slight distance therefrom, depending upon tolerance variations in the fastener size.
  • the wrench 20 In applying torque to the fastener 15, the wrench 20 is rotated further in a clockwise direction. In low torque applications, this will not result in any deformation of the fastener 15. After the fastener 15 has been rotated the desired amount, the wrench 20 is then rotated in a counterclockwise direction, as illustrated in FIG. 6, so that it will slip with respect to the fastener 15 in a ratcheting manner to reposition the wrench 20 at a new wrenching location, in a known manner. It is a significant aspect of the invention that the support surface portion 31 supports the corner A of the fastener 15 during the initial part of the rotation of the wrench 20 to a new wrenching location.
  • the length L of the support surface portion 31 must be great enough to provide support for the fastener corner A during reverse rotation through a sufficient angle to prevent lockup of the wrench 20 on the fastener 15. Yet the length L must be short enough so that the surface portion 31 will not come in contact with the corner B of the fastener or cause the arcuate portion 35 of the throat 30 to contact the corner B, during the torque application.
  • the angle Z must be large enough, preferably at least 120°, so that it will not engage the flat of the fastener 15 between corners A and B too soon, and thereby start to push it out of the wrench before wrenching engagement of the driving surfaces 25 and 26 with the fastener 15 has been achieved.
  • the angle Z should be small enough to permit this to happen.
  • the arcuate portion 35 of the throat 30 remains spaced from the fastener corners B and C.
  • the corner recess 29 permits a clearance space for fastener material to flow as a result of deformation by the driving surface 25, as illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the length L and the angle Z are compromises between adequate support for one fastener corner during reverse rotation, while ensuring clearance of the arcuate portion 35 of the throat from the fastener and good engagement of the jaws with the fastener flats during forward rotation.
  • the above-described design of the wrenching head 22 results in dramatic improvement of the ultimate torque which can be applied by the wrench 20. More specifically, with fasteners of nominal size, the wrench 20 has achieved ultimate torques approximately twice those achieved with the prior art wrench 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 and, with fasteners about 97% of nominal size, the wrench 20 has achieved ultimate torques approximately four times those achieved with the prior wrench 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2. It is a significant aspect of the invention that the fastener 15 will make single-point initial contact with the support surface 31 at point 38, despite tolerance variations in the size of the fastener 15.
  • the wrench 40 has a fixed or handle member 41 which supports a wrenching head 42 including a short jaw 43, unitary with the handle member 41, and a long jaw 44 on a separate member movable with respect to the handle member 41.
  • the handle member 41 carries an adjustment worm 45 disposed for meshing engagement with teeth 46 on the jaw 44 for effecting adjusting movement thereof, in a known manner.
  • Short and long driving surfaces 47 and 48 are, respectively, formed on the jaws 43 and 44 in facing relationship with each other.
  • the driving surfaces 47 and 48 are flat, planar surfaces which are generally parallel.
  • the inner end of the short driving surface 47 intersects a short arcuate recess 49.
  • the jaws 43 and 44 also cooperate to define a throat 50 which interconnects them. More specifically, the throat 50 includes a support surface 51 formed on the handle member 41 which slopes downwardly from the arcuate recess 49 toward the jaw 44. While the support surface 51 may be flat, in the preferred embodiment it is very slightly convex, having a large radius. The inner end of the support surface 51 is continuous with a short arcuate portion 52 which, in turn, leads into an elongated flat surface 53 which is disposed substantially perpendicular to the driving surface 47. The support surface 51 is inclined with respect to the driving surface 47 at an angle in the range of from about 130° to about 140° and, preferably, about 133°, in the same manner as was described above in connection with the wrench 20.
  • the throat 50 also includes a compound portion 55 formed on the jaw 44, which includes a short arcuate portion 56 extending from the inner end of the driving surface 48, a short straight portion 57, a larger-radius arcuate portion 58 and a straight portion 59.
  • a significant aspect of the invention is that the throat 50 is so dimensioned and shaped that, in use, an associated fastener 15 does not contact any part of the throat 50 except for the support surface 51.
  • a fastener 15 is inserted between the jaws 43 and 44 until a corner A of the fastener 15 is disposed in engagement with the support surface 51 and the driving surface 47 is disposed in engagement with the adjacent flat between the corners A and F of the fastener 15.
  • the movable jaw 44 is then closed upon the fastener 15.
  • the movable jaw 44 will be closed only to the point where the driving surface 48 is spaced a slight distance from the fastener 15 so that the wrench 40 must be rotated clockwise through a slight angle to bring the driving surface 48 into engagement with the adjacent flat of the fastener 15 between the corners C and D.
  • This loose fit accommodates ratcheting counter rotation of the wrench 40 after a torque applying rotation, in a known manner.
  • the throat 50 is out of contact with the corners B and C of the fastener 15.
  • the wrench 40 will be operated in the usual manner until the final torque applying rotation of the wrench 40, at which time the jaw 44 will be moved into tight clamping engagement with the fastener 15 in standard fashion, for the high-torque final torque applying rotation.
  • the wrench 40 has been shown in FIG. 7 with an intermediate-size fastener 15 which has a side dimension approximately the same as the length of the support surface 51. This is because the support surface 51 has to be long enough to accommodate the maximum size fastener which can be handled by the adjustable wrench 40.
  • the effective shape of the throat 30 will change in use, depending upon the size of the fastener 15 being wrenched, since the plane of the throat surface 59 will cross different ones of the throat surfaces 51-53 on the handle member 41, depending upon the distance between the driving surfaces 47 and 48. However, the fastener corners B and C will always remain out of contact with the throat 50.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 there is illustrated another adjustable wrench 60 in accordance with the present invention, which includes a fixed handle member 61 which carries a wrenching head 62 including a fixed jaw 63 unitary with the handle member 61 and a movable jaw 64 adapted for movement relative to the jaw 63, in the same manner as was described above in connection with the adjustable wrench 40.
  • the jaws 63 and 64 respectively, have driving surfaces 67 and 68 thereon which are generally parallel.
  • Each of the driving surfaces 67 and 68 is serrated, having an upper serrated region 70 and a lower serrated region 71, each of which comprises a series of recesses or grooves spaced apart by coplanar lands 73. More specifically, the upper region 70 has recesses 74 and the lower region 71 has recesses 75, the recesses 74 and 75 being substantially identical in shape but being oriented differently.
  • each of the recesses 75 has a 60° flat 76 and a 30° flat 77 disposed substantially perpendicular to each other and interconnected by an arcuate root 78.
  • the recesses 75 are oriented so that the 30° flats 77 are disposed at the lower or inner end of the recess, while in the upper region 70, the recesses 74 are oriented so that the 30° flats 77 are disposed at the upper end of the recess.
  • the throat of the wrench 60 has the same configuration as that of the wrench 40 described above in connection with FIG. 7 and functions in the same manner.
  • the serrated regions 70 and 71 on the jaws 63 and 64 reduce slippage between the jaws 63 and 64 and the fastener 15 and, thereby, further increase the ultimate torque which can be achieved with the wrench 60.
  • the driving surfaces 67 and 68 have been illustrated as having the same length, it will be appreciated that the jaw 63 and the driving surface 67 could be of the same configuration as the jaw 43 and driving surface 47 of the wrench 40 illustrated in FIG. 7 and, thereby, function as a speed wrench. In that case, the serrations would be formed only on the driving surface 68.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
EP93111906A 1992-07-23 1993-07-23 Schraubenschlüssel für Schnellmontage Expired - Lifetime EP0580177B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US91736392A 1992-07-23 1992-07-23
US917363 1992-07-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0580177A1 true EP0580177A1 (de) 1994-01-26
EP0580177B1 EP0580177B1 (de) 1997-10-29

Family

ID=25438691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93111906A Expired - Lifetime EP0580177B1 (de) 1992-07-23 1993-07-23 Schraubenschlüssel für Schnellmontage

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0580177B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH06155320A (de)
KR (1) KR100304988B1 (de)
AU (1) AU660551B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2100511A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69314863T2 (de)
MX (1) MX9304457A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2307658A (en) * 1995-11-28 1997-06-04 Jonathan Williams Open-ended spanner
FR2752183A1 (fr) * 1996-08-12 1998-02-13 Simplet Serge Cle plate a commande de rotation alternative et manuelle
GB2326984A (en) * 1997-07-01 1999-01-06 Olusola Olumide Akindele Oni Fluid pump with magnetic operation
US6089131A (en) * 1995-06-23 2000-07-18 Facom Ratcheting wrench for driving an element with a hexagonal head, in particular a bolt or nut
CN102248502A (zh) * 2010-05-20 2011-11-23 刘文斌 超高扭力的快速往复扳动开口扳手
CN106112886A (zh) * 2016-08-19 2016-11-16 北京实验工厂 一种小空间螺纹副快速拧紧装置
US11219985B2 (en) 2017-11-03 2022-01-11 WrightTool Company Wrench for maximizing torque

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6371681B1 (en) * 1999-09-20 2002-04-16 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Anti-rotation clip
KR100862208B1 (ko) * 2007-10-31 2008-10-09 김재수 자동스패너
JP5041531B2 (ja) * 2007-11-15 2012-10-03 中国電機製造株式会社 スパナ
JP6360689B2 (ja) * 2014-03-06 2018-07-18 大和ハウス工業株式会社 スパナ
KR101995445B1 (ko) * 2019-04-02 2019-07-02 김미옥 과삽입방지단이 구비된 콤비네이션 렌치

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190929246A (en) * 1909-12-14 1910-08-04 George Amborn Improvements in and relating to Spanner Wrenches.
US3242775A (en) * 1965-08-11 1966-03-29 Walter F Hinkle Wrench for engaging nut flats to inhibit marring the nut
US3881377A (en) * 1972-12-15 1975-05-06 James P Evans Ratcheting wrench for octagonal members
US3921476A (en) * 1973-11-23 1975-11-25 James P Evans Combination torqueing and ratcheting wrench for irregular hexagonal members
EP0425883A2 (de) * 1989-10-16 1991-05-08 Snap-On Tools Corporation Einstückiger, in Form eines offenen Mauls geformter Schraubschlüssel-Kopf mit gezahnten Backen

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1954141A (en) * 1932-08-05 1934-04-10 Albert G W Nelson Wrench
US2652735A (en) * 1949-03-22 1953-09-22 Glenn W Wilder Open-end wrench
JPS522499U (de) * 1976-05-04 1977-01-08

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190929246A (en) * 1909-12-14 1910-08-04 George Amborn Improvements in and relating to Spanner Wrenches.
US3242775A (en) * 1965-08-11 1966-03-29 Walter F Hinkle Wrench for engaging nut flats to inhibit marring the nut
US3881377A (en) * 1972-12-15 1975-05-06 James P Evans Ratcheting wrench for octagonal members
US3921476A (en) * 1973-11-23 1975-11-25 James P Evans Combination torqueing and ratcheting wrench for irregular hexagonal members
EP0425883A2 (de) * 1989-10-16 1991-05-08 Snap-On Tools Corporation Einstückiger, in Form eines offenen Mauls geformter Schraubschlüssel-Kopf mit gezahnten Backen

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6089131A (en) * 1995-06-23 2000-07-18 Facom Ratcheting wrench for driving an element with a hexagonal head, in particular a bolt or nut
GB2307658A (en) * 1995-11-28 1997-06-04 Jonathan Williams Open-ended spanner
FR2752183A1 (fr) * 1996-08-12 1998-02-13 Simplet Serge Cle plate a commande de rotation alternative et manuelle
GB2326984A (en) * 1997-07-01 1999-01-06 Olusola Olumide Akindele Oni Fluid pump with magnetic operation
CN102248502A (zh) * 2010-05-20 2011-11-23 刘文斌 超高扭力的快速往复扳动开口扳手
CN106112886A (zh) * 2016-08-19 2016-11-16 北京实验工厂 一种小空间螺纹副快速拧紧装置
CN106112886B (zh) * 2016-08-19 2017-11-28 北京实验工厂 一种小空间螺纹副快速拧紧装置
US11219985B2 (en) 2017-11-03 2022-01-11 WrightTool Company Wrench for maximizing torque

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR940002007A (ko) 1994-02-16
KR100304988B1 (ko) 2001-11-22
DE69314863D1 (de) 1997-12-04
CA2100511A1 (en) 1994-01-24
AU660551B2 (en) 1995-06-29
MX9304457A (es) 1994-01-31
JPH06155320A (ja) 1994-06-03
DE69314863T2 (de) 1998-03-05
AU4210893A (en) 1994-01-27
EP0580177B1 (de) 1997-10-29

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