EP0579858B1 - Method and device for the packaging of stacked goods - Google Patents

Method and device for the packaging of stacked goods Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0579858B1
EP0579858B1 EP92112655A EP92112655A EP0579858B1 EP 0579858 B1 EP0579858 B1 EP 0579858B1 EP 92112655 A EP92112655 A EP 92112655A EP 92112655 A EP92112655 A EP 92112655A EP 0579858 B1 EP0579858 B1 EP 0579858B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hood
film
goods
pallet
stack
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EP92112655A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0579858A1 (en
Inventor
Knut Grefrath
Heinz Berns
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ERAPA-CEKA MASCHINENBAU UND -HANDEL GMBH
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ERAPA-CEKA Maschinenbau und -handel GmbH
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Priority to DE59208586T priority Critical patent/DE59208586D1/en
Priority to AT92112655T priority patent/ATE153940T1/en
Priority to EP92112655A priority patent/EP0579858B1/en
Publication of EP0579858A1 publication Critical patent/EP0579858A1/en
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Publication of EP0579858B1 publication Critical patent/EP0579858B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D71/0088—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
    • B65D71/0092—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck provided with one or more rigid supports, at least one dimension of the supports corresponding to a dimension of the load, e.g. skids
    • B65D71/0096—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck provided with one or more rigid supports, at least one dimension of the supports corresponding to a dimension of the load, e.g. skids the dimensions of the supports corresponding to the periphery of the load, e.g. pallets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
    • B65B9/13—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the preformed tubular webs being supplied in a flattened state
    • B65B9/135—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the preformed tubular webs being supplied in a flattened state for palletised loads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
    • B65D2571/00012—Bundles surrounded by a film
    • B65D2571/00018—Bundles surrounded by a film under tension
    • B65D2571/00024—Mechanical characteristics of the shrink film

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for packaging goods stacked on a pallet, in which the goods are initially surrounded by a hood produced from a gusseted tube as a film tube by transverse welding and a cut along the welding edge, which is open at the bottom and forms an exchange opening there , which consists of plastic film shrinking when heated, and in which the hood is subsequently shrunk by heating so that it lies against the stack, openings before and during the heating at the top of the hood being effective, which prevent the essential part from escaping of the gas volume enclosed between the hood and the stack.
  • an overpressure is often used to prevent the film hood from being damaged at the edges of the stacked goods.
  • the effect is a balloon hood inflated like a balloon, the static pressure of which is generated in particular by a blower.
  • it can be achieved by means of a negative pressure generated in relation to the environment that the film hood already attaches itself to the stacked goods before the shrinking process begins. In this way, more uniform shrinkage is often achieved.
  • the temperature of the gas to be exchanged is also important. This affects e.g. B. the packaging of ice cream or fats, which should be protected as possible from contact with higher temperatures. In this case, cooled gas is advantageously kept ready for the process. On the other hand, due to the manufacturing process, there are sometimes still warmings the general cargo is an advantage, e.g. B. when drying the same. Here, too, pressure changes can be made in good time, the goal again being to influence the static values in the final state and to maintain the state of the static default value to a greater or lesser extent.
  • the gas composition is a variable that is often variable when a gas exchange is to be carried out.
  • the surrounding gas generally has much higher concentrations of exhaust gases than when exposed to the atmosphere.
  • Changes in the gas composition can also play a role for manufacturing reasons, for example if protection against oxidation is to be ensured or if the packaging is to be carried out under protective gas. In this case, it is particularly important to seal the packaging film tightly so that an unintentional change in the gas composition can no longer occur.
  • a method is known from US Pat. No. 3,807,126 in which the pallet is prepared on a chain conveyor in such a way that the edge of the film hangs freely down on the hood that is pulled open. The edge of the film is then folded inwards, for which purpose the pallet with the goods is lifted and then shrunk before the edges of the hood lie firmly against the bottom of the pallet by lowering the pallet onto the chain conveyor, so that the shrinking process is not achieved by pulling up the pallet Edges of the hood can be disturbed.
  • a fan arranged above the stack of goods ensures that air is supplied from above under pressure, which is guided downwards along the stack of goods and presses the existing edges against the pallet floor to shrink it down.
  • the plastic film hoods are usually cut to size, whereby a weld seam is formed which runs transversely to the conveying direction, a separation cut being made above, so that the plastic film of gripping organs, for example on a frame, as known from DE-A 21 46 464 is spread and can be further promoted.
  • the prepared film hood is formed from gusseted tubes according to its format. There are double folds in the ceiling area, which have a triangular shape.
  • a film cover sheet is placed on the pallet before loading with the goods, which can then be welded to the edge of the film hood later.
  • Outdoor storage, changing climatic conditions and similar influences must be taken into account.
  • a conventional forklift could get caught in loosely hanging film areas and cause damage.
  • increasing the static pressure or maintaining the same leads to the formation of a balloon, so that after shrink-wrapping the film it is necessary to wait a long time until the shrinking forces or the cooling forces lead to a regression of the inflation.
  • the film hood adheres irregularly to the wall of the stack of goods.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for packaging goods stacked on a pallet, which allows film mobility in relation to the surface of the stack of goods in a simple manner, without overstretching or sticking to the film.
  • the edges of the hood protruding below the pallet bottom are fixed during the heating, that air is blown into the hood from below in the course of the heat application of the hood so that it is blown flows upwards between the stacked goods and the hood and leaves the hood again through valve openings, and that the valve openings are cut into the film tube in the course of the opening before the hood is opened and closed at the end of the heating.
  • valve opening A particularly favorable position of the valve opening is appropriate for the cover surfaces of hoods, which can be reached from side-gusseted hoses, since they have multilayer triangles, of which the lower layer receives the valve opening.
  • the remaining layers cover the valve opening and at the same time form the prerequisite for effective closure the valve opening. Since there are triangular folds on both sides, two valve openings can be provided symmetrically.
  • valve opening in question is cut before the hood is opened.
  • This purpose corresponds to a cutting device in which the separating plate for opening the side folds, as provided for example in DE-A 30 11 264, is designed as a cutting edge for a blade, which then extends with appropriate control and produces the slit-like valve opening.
  • the process can also be carried out with a sealing effect, since it enables the stack of goods to be completely enclosed in plastic film.
  • a slightly larger perforated foil base sheet is placed on the unloaded pallet.
  • the perforation allows you to precisely define the places where the air flows in or out through the fan.
  • the protruding edge of the bottom sheet of film is folded up onto the wall of the stack of goods in order to be welded to the hood later. While the bottom-side film cover sheets are blown upwards in this way, the edge of the film hood comes to rest against the floor through an air supply. In this state, the floor sealing is optimally prepared so that the heating can then be carried out for shrinking while simultaneously closing the entry area into the hood.
  • the perforation is shrunk tightly.
  • the film tube 1 is fed from above and gripped and spread by means of corner clamps, so that the film hood 2 is formed.
  • the side gussets 3 open, a partition plate being inserted between the sides.
  • triangles 5 with multiple folding are formed when it is spread out on the ceiling.
  • the multiple folds mentioned are recorded at the top shrink and weld to form a dense covering.
  • the film hood is placed on the associated stack of goods 6, which in turn is on the pallet 7.
  • the blower 8 which interacts with a bottom opening of the hood in such a way that there is a flow between the stack of goods and the film hood 2.
  • the valve openings 9 provided in the hood can compensate for the flow pressure. These openings can be closed by welding at the end of the treatment.
  • the fan 8 can advantageously be switched in both flow directions. so that the operation is also possible evacuating.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 allows the stack of goods to be completely sealed by means of foils.
  • a perforated foil cover sheet is placed on the still unloaded pallet, which has a protruding edge 11.
  • the edge 11 is knocked up on the wall of the stack of goods, for which purpose flow forces are used in that air is blown upwards by means of the blower 8.
  • the film hood 2 can be set either to negative or positive pressure.
  • the perforation openings can be shrunk completely tight after the final shrinking.
  • Such an application of the invention is particularly suitable when the stacked goods have to be stored outside for a long time, so that weather damage and access to insects are avoided.
  • valve openings 9 are covered by the triangles 5; they are closed by welding the triangular layers at the end of the shrinking process, so that a complete seal is given.
  • cover foils are also used here, the edges 11 of which are folded up at the height 12 are welded to the foil hood 2 when the shrinkage is carried out.
  • Working with forklifts is also made easier by slitting the lower edge of the hood at crosses 13 so that the forks of the forklift can retract without causing warping.

Abstract

The invention relates to the packaging of stacked goods on a pallet by means of a foil cover (2) made of shrinkable plastic. A flow state between the goods stack and the foil cover is generated in that a blower takes effect on the opening side, and in that the foil cover possesses, furthermore, at least one ventilation orifice (9), so that the cover and goods stack remain movable relative to one another. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verpacken von auf einer Palette gestapelten Gütern, bei dem die Güter zunächst mit einer aus einem Seitenfaltenschlauch als Folienschlauch durch eine quer verlaufende Verschweißung und einen Schnitt entlang der Schweißkante erzeugten, nach unten offenen und dort eine Austauschöffnung bildenden Haube umgeben werden, welche aus bei Erhitzung schrumpfender Kunststoffolie besteht, und bei dem anschließend die Haube durch Erhitzung geschrumpft wird, so daß sich diese an den Stapel anlegt, wobei vor und während der Erhitzung Öffnungen an der Oberseite der Haube wirksam sind, die ein Entweichen des wesentlichen Teils des zwischen Haube und Stapel eingeschlossenen Gasvolumens ermöglichen.The invention relates to a method for packaging goods stacked on a pallet, in which the goods are initially surrounded by a hood produced from a gusseted tube as a film tube by transverse welding and a cut along the welding edge, which is open at the bottom and forms an exchange opening there , which consists of plastic film shrinking when heated, and in which the hood is subsequently shrunk by heating so that it lies against the stack, openings before and during the heating at the top of the hood being effective, which prevent the essential part from escaping of the gas volume enclosed between the hood and the stack.

Bei der Verpackung von Gutstapeln mit einer Folienhaube wird oft mittels eines Überdrucks angestrebt zu verhindern, daß die Folienhaube an den Kanten an den gestapelten Gütern beschädigt wird. Die Wirkung ist eine ballonartig aufgeblähte Folienhaube, deren statischer Druck insbesondere durch ein Gebläse erzeugt wird. Andererseits läßt sich durch einen im Verhältnis zur Umgebung erzeugten Unterdruck erreichen, daß sich die Folienhaube bereits von sich aus an die gestapelten Güter anlegt, bevor der Schrumpfvorgang einsetzt. Auf diese Weise wird häufig ein gleichmäßigeres Schrumpfen erzielt.When packaging stacks of goods with a film hood, an overpressure is often used to prevent the film hood from being damaged at the edges of the stacked goods. The effect is a balloon hood inflated like a balloon, the static pressure of which is generated in particular by a blower. On the other hand, it can be achieved by means of a negative pressure generated in relation to the environment that the film hood already attaches itself to the stacked goods before the shrinking process begins. In this way, more uniform shrinkage is often achieved.

Gleichfalls von Bedeutung ist die Temperatur des auszutauschenden Gases. Dies betrifft z. B. die Verpackung von Speiseeis oder Fetten, die vor dem Kontakt mit höheren Temperaturen möglichst geschützt werden sollen. In diesem Falle wird mit Vorteil gekühltes Gas für den Vorgang bereitgehalten. Andererseits sind aus Gründen des Herstellprozesses manchmal noch Erwärmungen der Stückgüter von Vorteil, so z. B. bei der Trocknung derselben. Auch hierbei können rechtzeitig Druckänderungen vorgenommen werden, wobei wiederum das Ziel darin besteht, im Endzustand die statischen Werte zu beeinflussen, und den Zustand des statischen Vorgabewertes mehr oder weniger ausgedehnt beizubehalten.The temperature of the gas to be exchanged is also important. This affects e.g. B. the packaging of ice cream or fats, which should be protected as possible from contact with higher temperatures. In this case, cooled gas is advantageously kept ready for the process. On the other hand, due to the manufacturing process, there are sometimes still warmings the general cargo is an advantage, e.g. B. when drying the same. Here, too, pressure changes can be made in good time, the goal again being to influence the static values in the final state and to maintain the state of the static default value to a greater or lesser extent.

Schließlich ist die Gaszusammensetzung eine häufig veränderliche Größe, wenn ein Gasaustausch vorgenommen werden soll. Insbesondere bei Tunneln, durch die die zum Schrumpfen vorbereiteten Stapel in erhitztem Gas geführt werden, hat das umgebende Gas in der Regel wesentlich höhere Konzentrationen an Abgasen, als bei einer Beaufschlagung im Freien. Änderungen der Gaszusammensetzung können auch aus herstellungstechnischen Gründen eine Rolle spielen, wenn beispielsweise ein Oxidationsschutz gewährleistet werden soll, oder wenn die Verpackung unter Schutzgas erfolgen soll. In diesem Fall kommt es noch besonders darauf an, die Verpackungsfolie dicht abzuschließen, damit eine unbeabsichtigte Änderung der Gaszusammensetzung nicht mehr eintreten kann.After all, the gas composition is a variable that is often variable when a gas exchange is to be carried out. Especially in tunnels through which the stacks prepared for shrinking are passed in heated gas, the surrounding gas generally has much higher concentrations of exhaust gases than when exposed to the atmosphere. Changes in the gas composition can also play a role for manufacturing reasons, for example if protection against oxidation is to be ensured or if the packaging is to be carried out under protective gas. In this case, it is particularly important to seal the packaging film tightly so that an unintentional change in the gas composition can no longer occur.

Bei allen Verfahren der genannten Art kommt es jedoch darauf an, daß die Güter unbeschädigt bleiben, und andererseits die Verpackungsfolie nicht durch die Güter aufgerissen wird, wie dies bei bewegter, eng anliegender Folie der Fall ist.In all methods of the type mentioned, it is important that the goods remain undamaged and, on the other hand, the packaging film is not torn open by the goods, as is the case with moving, closely fitting film.

Aus der US-A 3,807,126 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem die Palette auf einem Kettenförderer derart vorbereitet wird, daß der Folienrand an der aufgezogenen Haube frei herunterhängt. Der Folienrand wird dann nach innen umgeschlagen, wozu die Palette mit den Gütern angehoben und dann geschrumpft wird, bevor sich die Ränder der Haube durch Absenken der Palette auf die Kettenförderer fest an den Boden der Palette anlegen, so daß der Schrumpfprozeß nicht durch ein Hochziehen der Ränder der Haube gestört werden kann. Im Schrumpftunnel sorgt ein oberhalb des Gutstapels angeordneter Ventilator für von oben zugeführte Luft unter Druck, die entlang des Gutstapels nach unten geführt wird, und die bestehenden Ränder zum Unterschrumpfen gegen den Palettenboden drückt. Wenn die Luft dann wieder austritt, gelangt sie in einem Spalt außerhalb des Schrumpfgehäuses wieder nach oben. Der auf diese Weise durchgeführte Gasaustausch führt also innerhalb der Haube des Gutstapels zu einem geringeren Druck als in der Umgebung, so daß sich die Wandungen der Haube anlegen, bevor sie anfangen zu schrumpfen.A method is known from US Pat. No. 3,807,126 in which the pallet is prepared on a chain conveyor in such a way that the edge of the film hangs freely down on the hood that is pulled open. The edge of the film is then folded inwards, for which purpose the pallet with the goods is lifted and then shrunk before the edges of the hood lie firmly against the bottom of the pallet by lowering the pallet onto the chain conveyor, so that the shrinking process is not achieved by pulling up the pallet Edges of the hood can be disturbed. In the shrink tunnel, a fan arranged above the stack of goods ensures that air is supplied from above under pressure, which is guided downwards along the stack of goods and presses the existing edges against the pallet floor to shrink it down. When the air emerges again, it comes up again in a gap outside the shrink housing. The gas exchange carried out in this way thus leads within the hood of the stack of goods to a lower pressure than in the environment, so that the walls of the hood create before they start to shrink.

Die Kunststoffolienhauben werden in der Regel auf Maß zugeschnitten, wobei eine Schweißnaht entsteht, die quer zur Förderrichtung verläuft, wobei oberhalb ein Trennungsschnitt vollzogen wird, so daß die Kunststoffolie von greifenden Organen etwa auf einem Rahmen, wie aus der DE-A 21 46 464 bekannt ist, gespreizt und weiter gefördert werden kann. Die vorbereitete Folienhaube bildet sich auf diese Weise entsprechend ihrem Format aus Seitenfaltenschläuchen. Im Deckenbereich kommt es zu Doppelfaltungen, die eine dreieckige Form haben.The plastic film hoods are usually cut to size, whereby a weld seam is formed which runs transversely to the conveying direction, a separation cut being made above, so that the plastic film of gripping organs, for example on a frame, as known from DE-A 21 46 464 is spread and can be further promoted. In this way, the prepared film hood is formed from gusseted tubes according to its format. There are double folds in the ceiling area, which have a triangular shape.

Wenn die Notwendigkeit besteht, einen Gutstapel auch unten abzuschließen, so wird auf die Palette vor der Beladung mit den Gütern ein Foliendeckblatt gelegt, welches dann später mit dem Rand der Folienhaube verschweißt werden kann. Lagerung im Freien, wechselnde Klimabedingungen und ähnliche Einflüsse sind dabei zu beachten. Ein üblicher Gabelstapler könnte sich in lose herunterhängenden Folienbereichen verfangen und Beschädigungen auslösen. Die Steigerung des statischen Druckes bzw. die Beibehaltung desselben führt, wie beschrieben, zur Ballonbildung, so daß nach dem Folienunterschrumpfen längere Zeit gewartet werden muß, bis die Schrumpfkräfte bzw. die Abkühlungskräfte zu einer Rückbildung der Aufblähung führen. Die Folienhaube haftet dabei unregelmäßig stark an der Wandung des Gutstapels.If there is a need to complete a stack of goods at the bottom, a film cover sheet is placed on the pallet before loading with the goods, which can then be welded to the edge of the film hood later. Outdoor storage, changing climatic conditions and similar influences must be taken into account. A conventional forklift could get caught in loosely hanging film areas and cause damage. As described, increasing the static pressure or maintaining the same leads to the formation of a balloon, so that after shrink-wrapping the film it is necessary to wait a long time until the shrinking forces or the cooling forces lead to a regression of the inflation. The film hood adheres irregularly to the wall of the stack of goods.

Aus der DE-A 15 86 421 ist ein Verfahren der gattungsgemäßen Art bekannt, bei dem vor dem Schrumpfen der Haube in jenen Teil der Haube, der später deren Oberseite bildet, Be- und Entlüftungsrohre eingesetzt werden. Über diese Be- und Entlüftungsrohre kann sowohl die beim Schrumpfen innerhalb der Haube eingesammelte Luft entweichen, als auch während des Lagerns des Gutstapels ständig Luft mit der Umgebung ausgetauscht werden. Auf diese Weise kann Kondenswasser, welches sich mit der Zeit im Inneren der Haube ansammeln kann, wieder entweichen. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, ist es erforderlich, die Be- und Entlüftungsrohre stets geöffnet zu halten. Die äußeren Mündungen dieser Rohre befinden sich daher unter den bei der Auffaltung des Seitenfaltenschlauches gebildeten Dreiecken, so daß die Öffnungen zumindest gegen das Eindringen von Regenwasser geschützt sind.From DE-A 15 86 421, a method of the generic type is known, in which ventilation pipes are used before the hood shrinks into that part of the hood which later forms the upper side thereof. Via these ventilation pipes, the air collected during the shrinking process can escape, and air can be constantly exchanged with the surroundings while the stack of goods is being stored. In this way, condensed water, which can accumulate inside the hood over time, can escape again. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to keep the ventilation pipes open at all times. The outer mouths of these tubes are therefore below those when the Side gusseted tube formed triangles, so that the openings are at least protected against the ingress of rainwater.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Verpacken von auf einer Palette gestapelten Gütern zu schaffen, welches auf einfache Weise eine Folienbeweglichkeit in bezug auf die Oberfläche des Gutstapels ermöglicht, ohne daß es zu Überdehnungen oder zu einem Ankleben der Folie kommen kann.The invention has for its object to provide a method for packaging goods stacked on a pallet, which allows film mobility in relation to the surface of the stack of goods in a simple manner, without overstretching or sticking to the film.

Zur Lösung wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art vorgeschlagen, daß während der Erhitzung die bis unterhalb des Palettenbodens überstehenden Ränder der Haube festgelegt werden, daß im Verlaufe der Hitzebeaufschlagung der Haube Luft so mittels eines Gebläses von unten in die Haube eingeblasen wird, daß diese zwischen den gestapelten Gütern und der Haube nach oben strömt und die Haube durch Ventilöffnungen wieder verläßt, und daß die Ventilöffnungen im Zuge der Öffnung des Folienschlauches vor dem Aufspannen der Haube in diese eingeschnitten und am Ende der Erhitzung verschlossen werden.To solve the problem with a method of the type mentioned, it is proposed that the edges of the hood protruding below the pallet bottom are fixed during the heating, that air is blown into the hood from below in the course of the heat application of the hood so that it is blown flows upwards between the stacked goods and the hood and leaves the hood again through valve openings, and that the valve openings are cut into the film tube in the course of the opening before the hood is opened and closed at the end of the heating.

Auf diese einfache Weise gelingt es, daß sich der Gutstapel und die Folienhaube weitgehend reibungsfrei aneinander entlang bewegen lassen, da der Strömungszustand zwischen diesen beiden Gegenständen gewährleistet ist. Gleichwohl führt dies nicht zu einem unzulässig engen Anliegen der Folie am Gutstapel. Die den Strömungszustand ermöglichende Ventilöffnung wird nach der Hitzebeaufschlagung verschlossen.In this simple manner it is possible for the stack of goods and the film hood to move along one another largely without friction, since the state of flow between these two objects is ensured. Nevertheless, this does not lead to the film being inadmissibly close to the stack of goods. The valve opening that enables the flow state is closed after the heat is applied.

Eine besonders günstige Lage der Ventilöffnung bietet sich bei den Deckelflächen von Hauben an, zu denen man aus Seitenfaltenschläuchen gelangt, da diese mehrlagige Dreiecke aufweisen, von denen die untere Lage die Ventilöffnung erhält. Die übrigen Lagen übernehmen die Überdeckung der Ventilöffnung, und bilden zugleich die Voraussetzung für den wirkungsvollen Verschluß der Ventilöffnung. Da sich zu beiden Seiten Dreiecksfaltungen ergeben, lassen sich symmetrisch zwei Ventilöffnungen entsprechend vorsehen.A particularly favorable position of the valve opening is appropriate for the cover surfaces of hoods, which can be reached from side-gusseted hoses, since they have multilayer triangles, of which the lower layer receives the valve opening. The remaining layers cover the valve opening and at the same time form the prerequisite for effective closure the valve opening. Since there are triangular folds on both sides, two valve openings can be provided symmetrically.

Die in Rede stehende Ventilöffnung wird vor dem Aufspannen der Haube eingeschnitten. Diesem Zweck entspricht eine Schneidvorrichtung, bei welcher das Trennblech zum Öffnen der Seitenfalten, wie es beispielsweise die DE-A 30 11 264 vorsieht, als Schneide für eine Klinge ausgeführt wird, welche dann bei entsprechender Steuerung ausfährt und die schlitzartige Ventilöffnung herstellt.The valve opening in question is cut before the hood is opened. This purpose corresponds to a cutting device in which the separating plate for opening the side folds, as provided for example in DE-A 30 11 264, is designed as a cutting edge for a blade, which then extends with appropriate control and produces the slit-like valve opening.

Das Verfahren kann auch mit Dichtwirkung durchgeführt werden, da es die völlige Einschließung des Gutstapels in Kunststoffolie ermöglicht. Für diesen Zweck wird auf die unbeladene Palette ein etwas größeres als deren Standfläche bemessenes perforiertes Folienbodenblatt aufgelegt. Durch die Perforation kann man die Stellen, in denen die Luft durch das Gebläse einströmt oder absaugt, genau festlegen. Zunächst wird der überstehende Rand des bodenseitigen Folienblattes auf die Wandung des Gutstapels hochgeklappt, um so später mit der Haube verschweißt zu werden. Während auf diese Weise die bodenseitigen Foliendeckblätter nach oben geblasen werden, gelangt der Rand der Folienhaube durch Luftzuführung zur Anlage an den Boden. In diesem Zustand ist die Bodenversiegelung optimal vorbereitet, so daß dann die Erhitzung für die Unterschrumpfung bei gleichzeitiger Verschließung des Eintrittsbereiches in die Haube vorgenommen werden kann. Die Perforation wird dabei dichtgeschrumpft.The process can also be carried out with a sealing effect, since it enables the stack of goods to be completely enclosed in plastic film. For this purpose, a slightly larger perforated foil base sheet is placed on the unloaded pallet. The perforation allows you to precisely define the places where the air flows in or out through the fan. First, the protruding edge of the bottom sheet of film is folded up onto the wall of the stack of goods in order to be welded to the hood later. While the bottom-side film cover sheets are blown upwards in this way, the edge of the film hood comes to rest against the floor through an air supply. In this state, the floor sealing is optimally prepared so that the heating can then be carried out for shrinking while simultaneously closing the entry area into the hood. The perforation is shrunk tightly.

Ein möglicher Arbeitsablauf nach der Erfindung würde sich wie folgt kennzeichnen lassen:

  • (1) Palette läuft positioniert und zentriert in die Maschine ein.
  • (2) Die Folie wird von der Folienrolle auf die entsprechende Abmessung konfektioniert.
  • (3) Unterhalb der Schweißnaht wird in der Seitenfalte eine Folienöffnung mittels mechanischer Einrichtung (z. B. Messer) vorgenommen. Dies kann im gefalteten oder geöffneten Folienzustand geschehen.
  • (4) Dann wird die Haube über das Packgut gezogen.
  • (5) Die Palette wird freigesetzt.
  • (6) Der Unterschrumpf wird produziert.
  • (7) Die Palette wird abgesetzt und der untere Folienrand wird zwischen Palettenunterholz und Fördermittel eingeklemmt.
  • (8) Es wird Luft eingeblasen, welche durch die Folienöffnungen an der Palettenkopfseite wieder entweicht. Somit kann man eine fortlaufende oder nur begrenzte Strömung durchführen. Sollte dieser Vorgang mit Foliendeckblatt ausgeführt werden, so muß das Lufteinströmen vor dem Dichtschrumpfen von Foliendeckblatt und Haube durchgeführt werden.
  • (9) Seiten- und Vertikalschrumpfung.
  • (10) Stop-Position, Restentweichung der überschüssigen Luft aus den Ventilöffnungen.
  • (11) Oberschrumpf und Verschließen der vorher erstellten Folienöffnungen.
  • (12) Der Vorgang beginnt von vorne.
A possible workflow according to the invention would be characterized as follows:
  • (1) Pallet runs positioned and centered in the machine.
  • (2) The film is made up from the film roll to the appropriate dimension.
  • (3) Below the weld seam, a film opening is made in the side fold using a mechanical device (e.g. knife). This can be done when the film is folded or open.
  • (4) The hood is then pulled over the packaged goods.
  • (5) The pallet is released.
  • (6) The shrink is produced.
  • (7) The pallet is set down and the lower edge of the film is clamped between the pallet undergrowth and the conveyor.
  • (8) Air is blown in, which escapes through the film openings on the pallet head side. This means that the flow can be continuous or limited. If this process is carried out with the film cover sheet, the air must be inflated before the film cover sheet and hood are shrunk.
  • (9) side and vertical shrinkage.
  • (10) Stop position, residual escape of excess air from the valve openings.
  • (11) Top shrink and closing the previously created film openings.
  • (12) The process starts over.

Zur weiteren Veranschaulichung des Verfahrens wird auf die Zeichnungen Bezug genommen. Darin zeigen:

Figur 1
Das obere Ende eines Seitenfaltenschlauches vor und nach seiner Aufkreuzung zur Folienhaube,
Figur 2
eine auf einem Gutstapel aufgesetzte Folienhaube,
Figur 3
eine aufgesetzte Folienhaube bei eingelegtem Foliendeckblatt und
Figur 4
eine Darstellung entsprechend Figur 3 in einem weiter fortgeschrittenen Zustand der Behandlung.
To further illustrate the method, reference is made to the drawings. In it show:
Figure 1
The top end of a gusseted tube before and after it crosses over to the film hood,
Figure 2
a foil hood placed on a stack of goods,
Figure 3
an attached film hood with inserted film cover and
Figure 4
a representation corresponding to Figure 3 in a more advanced state of treatment.

Gemäß Figur 1 wird der Folienschlauch 1 von oben zugeführt und mittels eckenständiger Klemmen ergriffen sowie gespreizt, so daß die Folienhaube 2 entsteht. Die Seitenfalten 3 öffnen sich dabei, wobei ein Trennblech zwischen den Seiten eingeführt wird. Infolge der Seitenfaltung des Schlauches bilden sich bei dessen Aufspreizung an der Decke Dreiecke 5 mit mehrfacher Faltung aus. Die genannten Mehrfachfaltungen werden beim Oberschrumpf erfaßt und verschweißen zu einem dichten Belag.According to Figure 1, the film tube 1 is fed from above and gripped and spread by means of corner clamps, so that the film hood 2 is formed. The side gussets 3 open, a partition plate being inserted between the sides. As a result of the side folding of the hose, triangles 5 with multiple folding are formed when it is spread out on the ceiling. The multiple folds mentioned are recorded at the top shrink and weld to form a dense covering.

Bei Figur 2 ist die Folienhaube auf den zugehörigen Gutstapel 6 aufgesetzt, der seinerseits auf der Palette 7 steht. Unterhalb der Palette 7 steht das Gebläse 8, welches mit einer Bodenöffnung der Haube derart zusammenwirkt, daß eine Strömung zwischen dem Gutstapel und der Folienhaube 2 besteht. Durch in der Decke der Haube vorgesehene Ventilöffnungen 9 kann sich der Strömungsdruck ausgleichen. Diese Öffnungen lassen sich bei Beendigung der Behandlung durch Verschweißen schließen. Das Gebläse 8 läßt sich vorteilhaft in beiden Strömungsrichtungen schalten. so daß der Betrieb auch evakuierend möglich ist.In Figure 2, the film hood is placed on the associated stack of goods 6, which in turn is on the pallet 7. Below the pallet 7 is the blower 8, which interacts with a bottom opening of the hood in such a way that there is a flow between the stack of goods and the film hood 2. Through in the ceiling The valve openings 9 provided in the hood can compensate for the flow pressure. These openings can be closed by welding at the end of the treatment. The fan 8 can advantageously be switched in both flow directions. so that the operation is also possible evacuating.

Die Ausführung nach Figur 3 erlaubt ein völliges Abdichten des Gutstapels mittels Folien. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein perforiertes Foliendeckblatt auf die noch unbeladene Palette gelegt, welches einen überstehenden Rand 11 aufweist. Der Rand 11 wird an der Wand des Gutstapels nach oben geschlagen, wozu Strömungskräfte dienen, indem mittels des Gebläses 8 Luft nach oben geblasen wird. Durch Richtungsumkehr des Gebläses 8 läßt sich die Folienhaube 2 wahlweise auf Unter- oder Überdruck einstellen. Die Perforationsöffnungen können bei abschließendem Unterschrumpf völlig dicht geschrumpft werden. Das gleiche gilt für die obere Ventilationsöffnung 9. Eine derartige Anwendung der Erfindung kommt vor allem dann in Betracht, wenn die Stapelgüter längere Zeit im Freien lagern müssen, so daß Witterungsschäden und Insektenzugänglichkeit vermieden werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 3 allows the stack of goods to be completely sealed by means of foils. For this purpose, a perforated foil cover sheet is placed on the still unloaded pallet, which has a protruding edge 11. The edge 11 is knocked up on the wall of the stack of goods, for which purpose flow forces are used in that air is blown upwards by means of the blower 8. By reversing the direction of the blower 8, the film hood 2 can be set either to negative or positive pressure. The perforation openings can be shrunk completely tight after the final shrinking. The same applies to the upper ventilation opening 9. Such an application of the invention is particularly suitable when the stacked goods have to be stored outside for a long time, so that weather damage and access to insects are avoided.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 4 sind die Ventilöffnungen 9 von den Dreiecken 5 überdeckt; sie werden durch Verschweißung der Dreieckslagen am Ende des Schrumpfprozesses verschlossen, so daß eine vollständige Abdichtung gegeben ist.In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the valve openings 9 are covered by the triangles 5; they are closed by welding the triangular layers at the end of the shrinking process, so that a complete seal is given.

Bodenseitig finden noch hierbei Abdeckfolien Verwendung, deren hochgeschlagene Ränder 11 auf der Höhe 12 mit der Folienhaube 2 verschweißt sind, wenn die Schrumpfung durchgeführt wird. Ferner wird die Arbeit mit Gabelstaplern erleichtert, indem der untere Rand der Haube bei den Kreuzen 13 aufgeschlitzt wird, so daß die Zinken des Gabelstaplers einfahren können, ohne eine Verwerfung hervorzurufen.On the bottom side, cover foils are also used here, the edges 11 of which are folded up at the height 12 are welded to the foil hood 2 when the shrinkage is carried out. Working with forklifts is also made easier by slitting the lower edge of the hood at crosses 13 so that the forks of the forklift can retract without causing warping.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for the packaging of goods stacked on a pallet (7), in which method the goods are firstly surrounded by a hood (2), which is produced from a side-fold tube as a film tube (1) by means of a transversely running weld and a cut along the welded edge, is open at the bottom and there forms an exchange opening, which hood consists of heat-shrinkable plastic film, and in which method the hood (2) is then shrunk by heating so that it rests on the stack, openings on the upper side of the hood (2), which enable the substantial part of the gas volume enclosed between hood and stack to escape, being effective before and during the heating, characterized in that during the heating, the borders of the hood (2) which project as far as beneath the bottom of the pallet (7) are fixed, in that in the course of the application of heat to the hood (2) air is blown into the hood (2) from below by means of a blower (8) in such a way that said air flows upwards between the stacked goods and the hood (2) and leaves the hood (2) once more through valve openings (9), and in that the valve openings (9) are cut into the hood (2) in the course of opening the film tube (1), before the hood (2) is stretched out, and are closed at the end of the heating.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the multilayer triangular folds (5) formed in the covering after the hood (2) has been cut, welded and stretched out, have in the inner layer the valve opening (9) which is kept covered by at least one layer essentially until the end of the heating, without hereby impairing the valve function, and in that the borders of the triangular fold (5) are then welded to the remaining part of the hood covering film.
  3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that valve openings (9) are provided symmetrically in each of the two opposite triangular folds (5).
  4. Method according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that use is made, for the bottom of the stack of goods, of a perforated film sheet which has on the projecting sides a border (11) which, after the stack of goods has been formed, is folded up on its side walls and welded.
  5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the borders (11) of the film covering sheet at the bottom are blown upwards by an artificially generated air stream, and in that the downward-overhanging film border of the film hood (2) is brought into contact with the bottom of the pallet (7) by supplying air, and in that the heating for the purpose of under-shrinking the lower film border is then undertaken.
  6. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that the loosely downward-hanging borders of the hood (2) are slit, following the production of the undershrink, at the place where, in the pallet (7), fork-lift truck openings are to be kept free for the insertion of the prongs of a fork-lift truck.
  7. Device for carrying out the method according to Claims 1 to 6, provision being made for a separating metal sheet which can pivot in in order to open side folds of the film tube (1), characterized in that the separating metal sheet carries a blade, and the latter is controlled such that it may be extended in such a way that it cuts the valve opening (9) into the film.
EP92112655A 1992-07-24 1992-07-24 Method and device for the packaging of stacked goods Expired - Lifetime EP0579858B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59208586T DE59208586D1 (en) 1992-07-24 1992-07-24 Method and device for packaging stacked goods
AT92112655T ATE153940T1 (en) 1992-07-24 1992-07-24 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PACKAGING STACKED GOODS
EP92112655A EP0579858B1 (en) 1992-07-24 1992-07-24 Method and device for the packaging of stacked goods

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92112655A EP0579858B1 (en) 1992-07-24 1992-07-24 Method and device for the packaging of stacked goods

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0579858A1 EP0579858A1 (en) 1994-01-26
EP0579858B1 true EP0579858B1 (en) 1997-06-04

Family

ID=8209840

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92112655A Expired - Lifetime EP0579858B1 (en) 1992-07-24 1992-07-24 Method and device for the packaging of stacked goods

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0579858B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE153940T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59208586D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2816587B1 (en) * 2000-11-16 2003-03-07 Thimon METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COVERING AND HEAT-SEALING A COVER MADE OF HEAT-SHRINKABLE PLASTIC MATERIAL TO CONSTITUTE A WATERPROOF PACKAGING ON A PALLETIZED LOAD
DE202011051610U1 (en) * 2011-09-02 2012-12-06 Autefa Solutions Germany Gmbh Transport device for pressed bales

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1586421C3 (en) * 1967-02-28 1975-07-03 Alkor-Oerlikon Plastic Gmbh, 8090 Wasserburg Transport and storage unit
US3852937A (en) * 1968-08-06 1974-12-10 Auburn Eng Inc Shrink-wrapping method and apparatus
US3807126A (en) * 1970-06-10 1974-04-30 Schwartz F Gmbh Ind Und Maschi Wrapping and securing loads on pallets
DE3011264A1 (en) * 1980-03-24 1981-10-01 Ing. Paul Joosten Verpackungstechnik, 4180 Goch FILM COVER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0579858A1 (en) 1994-01-26
ATE153940T1 (en) 1997-06-15
DE59208586D1 (en) 1997-07-10

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