EP0574660B1 - Lift truck - Google Patents

Lift truck Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0574660B1
EP0574660B1 EP93104927A EP93104927A EP0574660B1 EP 0574660 B1 EP0574660 B1 EP 0574660B1 EP 93104927 A EP93104927 A EP 93104927A EP 93104927 A EP93104927 A EP 93104927A EP 0574660 B1 EP0574660 B1 EP 0574660B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mast
inclination
lift truck
strut
adjustable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93104927A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0574660A1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Dipl.-Ing. Schopf
Ernst Peter Dr. Ing. Magens
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Jungheinrich AG
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Jungheinrich AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19934305639 external-priority patent/DE4305639C2/en
Application filed by Jungheinrich AG filed Critical Jungheinrich AG
Publication of EP0574660A1 publication Critical patent/EP0574660A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/20Means for actuating or controlling masts, platforms, or forks
    • B66F9/24Electrical devices or systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/08Masts; Guides; Chains
    • B66F9/082Masts; Guides; Chains inclinable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lift truck according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and patent claim 3.
  • Lift trucks have a mast that contains at least one mast. Often, however, at least two masts are provided, namely a mast attached to the vehicle and a mast or mast section movably guided on the mast, on which a load suspension device is then guided.
  • a mast of this type has become known from DE 30 41 910.
  • the load-carrying device can be a carriage guided on the mast section, to which a fork is fixedly attached.
  • so-called swivel push forks can also be used be used be used.
  • the slide has two horizontal, spaced-apart racks, on which a bearing component for the swivel fork can be moved.
  • the swivel fork can in turn be swiveled through 180 ° in the bearing component.
  • Such a swivel push fork has the advantage that both sides of the shelf can be operated by a stacking vehicle without having to change its position.
  • the axle assembly supports a gear unit for driving the front wheels of the lift truck and has two forks that stand forward and that accommodate rearward-facing brackets on the outer or standing mast.
  • Forks are attached to the mast at the top Linkage of hydraulic cylinders, which are guided under the overhead guard and articulated at the rear end of the canopy in the area of the support by vertical bars.
  • the mast With the help of the adjustment cylinders, the mast can be given a desired inclination.
  • the area below the articulation of the adjusting cylinders is hardly subjected to bending in the known construction.
  • the point of attack of the adjusting cylinders which is determined by the level of the overhead guard, is however still relatively low compared to the lifting heights that are to be provided in particular for lift trucks that are used for loading and unloading high racks.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a lift truck in which the load during the lifting and lowering movement despite the inherent elasticity of the mast, it is guided almost vertically to facilitate stacking and unstacking.
  • the standing mast is supported on a cross member which forms the wheel axle.
  • the cross member is preferably designed as a double-T profile, the supports of the standing mast extending to the lower web of the double-T profile when a recess is left in the region of the upper cross bar.
  • the cross member is articulated on the base frame about an axis parallel to the wheel axis.
  • the mast can thereby be pivoted relative to the base frame or vehicle, for example to change the inclination with a greater load or load height.
  • a variable-length support engages near the upper end on the standing mast and is articulated on the chassis of the vehicle at the other end. This is one created a broad basis for supporting the mast. A deflection can then essentially only take place in the area of the extended mast parts.
  • the actual deviation of the load movement from the perpendicular can be determined. This in turn can be used to determine control signals for the inclination regulation.
  • the mast deflection depends on the size of the load and its height.
  • the height of the load suspension device is determined in the invention according to claim 3 by known measuring devices.
  • the weight of the load can be determined from the pressure of the lifting cylinder.
  • An algorithm can be created from the height and pressure, by means of which the tilt of the mast can be calculated accordingly.
  • Certain combinations of lifting height and pressure can be assigned corresponding paths of the variable-length support or the inclination cylinder depending on the respective deformation properties of the mast. The permanent adjustment of the mast inclination enables an almost vertical load movement despite the mast deformation.
  • the load with the dead weight of the lifting frame stands directly on the ground, which results in a good introduction of force into the ground.
  • the articulation of the variable-length support enables a relatively light construction for the mast, which is otherwise to be made relatively rigid, which leads to a considerable weight impairing the transport capacity.
  • variable-length support stabilizes the mast and can be formed by one or more hydraulic cylinders.
  • other longitudinal drives are also possible.
  • the variable-length support is used to adjust the mast by small swivel angles, then an embodiment of the invention is advantageous, according to which the support engages on an approximately horizontally mounted eccentric shaft on the mast, which in turn can be rotated by an inclination cylinder. Since relatively small swivel angles for the mast are sufficient for the compensation for the bending of the mast, only a relatively small adjusting cylinder is necessary to bring about the swiveling via the eccentric shaft. This ensures that only a small part of the supporting forces have to be transmitted by the adjusting cylinder acting as an adjusting drive. This leads to a correspondingly rigid support of the mast.
  • a lift truck 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has a vehicle 12 which comprises a chassis 14 and a protective roof 16 which is supported on the chassis 14 by a support device 18.
  • the chassis 14 includes, among other things, a driver's compartment and wheel arms, one of which can be seen at 22.
  • a drive wheel 24 can be seen on the chassis 14, while each wheel arm 22 has a load wheel 26.
  • the load wheels 26 are double-T-shaped at the ends of a cross-section Cross member 28 rotatably mounted.
  • the cross member 28 is mounted on the wheel arms 22 so as to be pivotable about an axis 30 parallel to the wheel axis.
  • the cross member 28 can be seen in FIG. 6.
  • two parallel plates 36 are welded in between the upper and lower transverse webs 32 and 34 (see also FIG. 3), which therefore form a fork into which a tapered section 38 of the wheel arm 22 projects and there about the axis of rotation 30 is rotatably supported, for example with the help of a pin 40.
  • the mast 42 of a mast 44 is supported on the lower crosspiece of the double-T profile.
  • the standing mast consists of two parallel-spaced, double-T-shaped supports 46.
  • two mast sections 48 and 50 are guided telescopically in the standing mast 42.
  • Two longitudinally adjustable supports are articulated at one end at 54 near the upper end of the standing mast 42 and at the other end at 56 at the lower end of the supports 18 for the canopy 16.
  • the mast 44 can be pivoted in the direction of the overhead guard 16, whereby a favorable transport position is achieved.
  • a load suspension device 58 is guided such that it can be adjusted in height. This will not be dealt with in detail since the state of the art is available.
  • a cross strut 60 is attached to the rear, to which an upwardly extending inclination cylinder 62 is articulated. Its rod 64 is articulated on a lever 66 which is connected to a shaft 68 which is rotatably mounted in tabs 70, 72 attached to the supports 46. Eccentric discs 74 and 76 are attached to the ends of the shaft 68 with eccentric pins 78 and 80, respectively.
  • the supports 52 are articulated to the pins 78, 80. If the tilt cylinder 62 is actuated, the shaft 68 is rotated and thereby changes the distance of the cross member 60 or the supports 46 from the supports 52. In this way, the inclination of the mast 44 can be adjusted.
  • Two exemplary embodiments are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 for controlling or regulating the inclination of the lifting frame 44.
  • a height sensor (not shown) measures the height of the load-bearing means 58 on the lifting frame 44.
  • a pressure sensor measures the pressure in the lifting cylinder (not shown) for the height adjustment of the load-bearing means 58. Both signals are input into a block 90.
  • x f (h, p) a setpoint for the inclination of the mast 44 is calculated.
  • the tilt cylinder 62 is adjusted via a control 92 for the tilt cylinder 62, a displacement sensor measuring the adjustment of the tilt cylinder 62 and comparing it with the desired value, as shown at 94.
  • the inclination cylinder 62 adjusts the shaft 68 and thus the inclination of the mast 42, which ideally leads to a vertical movement of the load on the load suspension device 58.
  • a setpoint generator 96 is provided, which specifies the perpendicular guidance of the load.
  • the cylinder control 92 in turn actuates the tilt cylinder 62 and this the shaft 68, whereby the mast 42 is adjusted in an inclination.
  • a corresponding movement of the load-carrying means 58 occurs, with a solder laser 98 or the like being assigned to this, which determines whether the load is actually guided perpendicularly.
  • the deviation from the target value is determined in the comparison device 100, so that again a control signal for the cylinder control 92 can be determined.
  • height measurement and pressure measurement are eliminated.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Hublader nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 und des Patentanspruchs 3.The invention relates to a lift truck according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and patent claim 3.

Hublader weisen ein Hubgerüst auf, das mindestens einen Mast enthält. Häufig sind jedoch mindestens zwei Masten vorgesehen, nämlich ein am Fahrzeug befestigter Standmast una ein am Standmast beweglich geführter Mast oder Mastschuß, an dem dann ein Lastaufnahmemittel geführt ist. Ein Hubgerüst dieser Art ist aus der DE 30 41 910 bekanntgeworden. Das Lastaufnahmemittel kann ein am Mastschuß geführter Schlitten sein, an dem fest eine Gabel angebracht ist. Es können jedoch auch sogenannte Schwenkschubgabeln verwendet werden. In diesem Fall weist der Schlitten zwei horizontale, im Abstand angeordnete Zahnstangen auf, an welchen ein Lagerbauteil für die Schwenkgabel verfahren werden kann. Die Schwenkgabel ist ihrerseits um 180° im Lagerbauteil verschwenkbar. Eine derartige Schwenkschubgabel hat den Vorteil, daß beide Regalseiten von einem Stapelfahrzeug bedient werden können, ohne daß seine Position verändert werden muß.Lift trucks have a mast that contains at least one mast. Often, however, at least two masts are provided, namely a mast attached to the vehicle and a mast or mast section movably guided on the mast, on which a load suspension device is then guided. A mast of this type has become known from DE 30 41 910. The load-carrying device can be a carriage guided on the mast section, to which a fork is fixedly attached. However, so-called swivel push forks can also be used be used. In this case, the slide has two horizontal, spaced-apart racks, on which a bearing component for the swivel fork can be moved. The swivel fork can in turn be swiveled through 180 ° in the bearing component. Such a swivel push fork has the advantage that both sides of the shelf can be operated by a stacking vehicle without having to change its position.

Die inhärente Elastizität eines Hubgerüstes, insbesondere bei großen Hubhöhen führt naturgemäß zu einer elastischen Verformung bei Aufnahme einer Last und zu Schwingungen bei nicht gleichförmiger Belastung, zum Beispiel während des Anfahrens. Diese Phänomene werden noch verstärkt durch mehr oder weniger elastische Radarme, die mit den Fahrzeugrahmen verbunden sind und zur Abstützung des Standmastes dienen. Dadurch wird das Ein- und Ausstapeln einer Last erschwert.The inherent elasticity of a lifting frame, particularly at high lifting heights, naturally leads to elastic deformation when a load is taken up and to vibrations when the load is not uniform, for example during start-up. These phenomena are exacerbated by more or less elastic wheel arms which are connected to the vehicle frame and serve to support the mast. This makes it difficult to stack and unload a load.

Aus der EP 0 427 001 oder auch der DE 40 38 730 ist bekanntgeworden, den Standmast in einem Masthalter schwenkbar zu lagern und am unteren Ende des Standmastes eine Anordnung angreifen zu lassen, die Schwingungen entgegenwirkt bzw. eine Verschwenkung des Hubgerüstes bewerkstelligt. Dadurch kann die Verbiegung des Hubgerüstes teilweise kompensiert werden, indem das Hubgerüst mehr oder weniger in Richtung Chassis verschwenkt wird, die Biegung selbst läßt sich bei den bekannten Fahrzeugen nicht vermeiden. Es ist daher notwendig, die Masten relativ steif auszuführen, damit die Biegung, insbesondere bei großen Hubhöhen, nicht zu deutlich ausfällt. Im übrigen ist aus der DE 40 38 730 auch bekannt, die Verschwenkung des Hubgerüstes mittels des Neigezylinders in Abhängigkeit vom Druck im Hubzylinder vorzunehmen, um der Verformung des Hubgerüstes entgegenzuwirken.From EP 0 427 001 or DE 40 38 730 it has become known to pivotally support the mast in a mast holder and to allow an arrangement at the lower end of the mast to attack which counteracts vibrations or causes the mast to pivot. As a result, the bending of the mast can be partially compensated by pivoting the mast more or less towards the chassis, which leaves the bend itself do not avoid yourself in the known vehicles. It is therefore necessary to make the masts relatively stiff so that the bend is not too pronounced, especially with large lifting heights. For the rest, it is also known from DE 40 38 730 to pivot the lifting frame by means of the tilting cylinder as a function of the pressure in the lifting cylinder in order to counteract the deformation of the lifting frame.

Aus der DE 27 35 676 oder der AU-A-86 52 275 ist auch bekanntgeworden, das Hubgerüst schwenkbar an einem sogenannten Achsaggregat anzubringen. Aus der AU-A-86 52 275 ist ferner bekannt, den Standmast auf einem Querträger abzustützen, der die Radachse bildet. Er ist um eine zur Radachse parallele Achse am Grundrahmen angelenkt. Eine oder zwei parallel wirkende, längenveränderliche Stützen dienen dazu, den Mast so zu neigen, daß die Lastgabel des Lastschlittens angewinkelt wird, um ein Herabfallen der Last zu vermeiden. In der DE 27 35 676 lagert das Achsaggregat ein Getriebe zum Antrieb der Vorderräder des Hubladers und weist zwei nach vorn stehende Gabeln auf, welche nach hinten weisende Laschen des Außen- oder Standmastes aufnehmen. Im oberen Bereich sind am Standmast Gabeln angebracht zur Anlenkung von Hydraulikzylindern, die unter das Fahrerschutzdach geführt und am hinteren Ende des Schutzdachs im Bereich der Abstützung durch vertikale Holme angelenkt sind. Mit Hilfe der Verstellzylinder kann das Hubgerüst eine gewünschte Neigung erhalten. Der Bereich unterhalb der Anlenkung der Verstellzylinder wird bei der bekannten Konstruktion kaum auf Biegung belastet. Der Angriffspunkt der Verstellzylinder, der durch das Niveau des Fahrerschutzdachs vorgegeben ist, liegt jedoch immer noch relativ niedrig im Vergleich zu den Hubhöhen, die insbesondere für Hublader vorzusehen sind, die zum Be- und Entladen von Hochregalen eingesetzt werden.From DE 27 35 676 or AU-A-86 52 275 it has also become known to pivotally mount the mast on a so-called axle assembly. From AU-A-86 52 275 it is also known to support the standing mast on a cross member which forms the wheel axle. It is articulated on the base frame about an axis parallel to the wheel axis. One or two parallel, variable-length supports are used to tilt the mast so that the load fork of the load carriage is angled to prevent the load from falling. In DE 27 35 676, the axle assembly supports a gear unit for driving the front wheels of the lift truck and has two forks that stand forward and that accommodate rearward-facing brackets on the outer or standing mast. Forks are attached to the mast at the top Linkage of hydraulic cylinders, which are guided under the overhead guard and articulated at the rear end of the canopy in the area of the support by vertical bars. With the help of the adjustment cylinders, the mast can be given a desired inclination. The area below the articulation of the adjusting cylinders is hardly subjected to bending in the known construction. The point of attack of the adjusting cylinders, which is determined by the level of the overhead guard, is however still relatively low compared to the lifting heights that are to be provided in particular for lift trucks that are used for loading and unloading high racks.

Aus der FR-A-2 503 121 ist bekanntgeworden, zum Anfahren einer Lastabgabe- oder -aufnahmeposition dem Hubgerüst einen bestimmten Rückneigungswinkel zu geben, damit die Lastgabel des Lastaufnahmemittels horizontal ist. Zu diesem Zweck werden Lasthöhe und der Neigungswinkel des Mastes sowie das Gewicht der Last gemessen. Eine höhenabhängige Korrektur der Gabelneigung beim Anheben oder Absenken der Last findet nicht statt.From FR-A-2 503 121 it has become known to give the mast a certain recline angle in order to move to a load delivery or load position so that the load fork of the load handler is horizontal. For this purpose the load height and the angle of inclination of the mast as well as the weight of the load are measured. There is no height-dependent correction of the fork inclination when lifting or lowering the load.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Hublader zu schaffen, bei dem die Last während der Hub- und Senkbewegung trotz inhärenter Elastizität des Hubgerüsts annähernd lotrecht geführt wird, um das Ein- und Ausstapeln zu erleichtern.The invention has for its object to provide a lift truck in which the load during the lifting and lowering movement despite the inherent elasticity of the mast, it is guided almost vertically to facilitate stacking and unstacking.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 und alternativ durch die des Patentanspruchs 3.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim 1 and alternatively by that of patent claim 3.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Hublader stützt sich wie an sich bekannt der Standmast auf einem Querträger ab, der die Radachse bildet. Vorzugsweise ist der Querträger als Doppel-T-Profil ausgebildet, wobei sich die Stützen des Standmastes bis zum unteren Steg des Doppel-T-Profils erstrecken bei Freilassung einer Ausnehmung im Bereich des oberen Querstegs. Der Querträger ist um eine zur Radachse parallele Achse am Grundrahmen angelenkt. Der Mast kann dadurch relativ zum Grundrahmen bzw. Fahrzeug verschwenkt werden, beispielsweise zur Änderung der Neigung bei größerer Last bzw. Lasthöhe. Eine längenveränderliche Stütze greift nahe dem oberen Ende am Standmast an und ist am anderen Ende am Chassis des Fahrzeugs angelenkt. Dadurch ist eine breite Basis für die Abstützung des Hubgerüstes geschaffen. Eine Durchbiegung kann dann im wesentlichen nur im Bereich der ausgefahrenen Mastteile stattfinden.In the lift truck according to the invention, as is known per se, the standing mast is supported on a cross member which forms the wheel axle. The cross member is preferably designed as a double-T profile, the supports of the standing mast extending to the lower web of the double-T profile when a recess is left in the region of the upper cross bar. The cross member is articulated on the base frame about an axis parallel to the wheel axis. The mast can thereby be pivoted relative to the base frame or vehicle, for example to change the inclination with a greater load or load height. A variable-length support engages near the upper end on the standing mast and is articulated on the chassis of the vehicle at the other end. This is one created a broad basis for supporting the mast. A deflection can then essentially only take place in the area of the extended mast parts.

Mit Hilfe eines Lotes, beispielsweise eines Lotlasers und eines Sensors kann gemäß Anspruch 1 die tatsächliche Abweichung der Lastbewegung von der Lotrechten ermittelt werden. Daraus lassen sich wiederum Stellsignale für die Neigungsregulierung ermitteln.With the aid of a solder, for example a solder laser and a sensor, the actual deviation of the load movement from the perpendicular can be determined. This in turn can be used to determine control signals for the inclination regulation.

Die Durchbiegung des Mastes ist abhängig von der Größe der Last und ihrer Höhe. Die Höhe des Lastaufnahmemittels wird bei der Erfindung nach Anspruch 3 durch bekannte Meßeinrichtungen ermittelt. Das Gewicht der Last läßt sich über den Druck des Hubzylinders feststellen. Aus Höhe und Druck läßt sich ein Algorithmus erstellen, durch den die Neigung des Hubgerüstes entsprechend errechnet werden kann. Bestimmten Kombinationen aus Hubhöhe und Druck können entsprechende Wege der längenveränderliche Stütze oder des Neigungszylinders zugeordnet werden, abhängig von den jeweiligen Verformungseigenschaften des Hubgerüstes. Durch permanente Anpassung der Hubgerüstneigung läßt sich trotz Hubgerüstverformung eine nahezu lotrechte Lastbewegung ausführen.The mast deflection depends on the size of the load and its height. The height of the load suspension device is determined in the invention according to claim 3 by known measuring devices. The weight of the load can be determined from the pressure of the lifting cylinder. An algorithm can be created from the height and pressure, by means of which the tilt of the mast can be calculated accordingly. Certain combinations of lifting height and pressure can be assigned corresponding paths of the variable-length support or the inclination cylinder depending on the respective deformation properties of the mast. The permanent adjustment of the mast inclination enables an almost vertical load movement despite the mast deformation.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Hublader steht die Last mit dem Eigengewicht des Hubgerüstes direkt auf dem Boden, was eine gute Krafteinleitung in den Untergrund zur Folge hat. Die Anlenkung der längenveränderlichen Stütze ermöglicht eine relativ leichte Konstruktion für das Hubgerüst, das anderweitig relativ biegesteif auszubilden ist, was zu einem erheblichen die Transportkapazität beeinträchtigenden Gewicht führt.In the case of the lifting loader according to the invention, the load with the dead weight of the lifting frame stands directly on the ground, which results in a good introduction of force into the ground. The articulation of the variable-length support enables a relatively light construction for the mast, which is otherwise to be made relatively rigid, which leads to a considerable weight impairing the transport capacity.

Die längenveränderliche Stütze stabilisiert das Hubgerüst und kann von einem oder mehreren Hydraulikzylindern gebildet sein. Es sind jedoch auch andere Longitudinaltriebe möglich. Wird die längenveränderliche Stütze zur Verstellung des Hubmastes um kleine Schwenkwinkel herangezogen, dann ist eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorteilhaft, nach der die Stütze an einer am Standmast annähernd horizontal gelagerten Exzenterwelle angreift, die ihrerseits von einem Neigungszylinder verdreht werden kann. Da für die Kompensation zur Durchbiegung des Mastes relativ geringe Schwenkwinkel für das Hubgerüst ausreichen, ist lediglich ein relativ kleiner Verstellzylinder notwendig, um die Verschwenkung über die Exzenterwelle herbeizuführen. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß nur ein kleiner Teil der Stützkräfte durch den als Verstellantrieb wirkenden Verstellzylinder übertragen werden müssen. Dies führt zu einer entsprechenden steifen Abstützung des Hubgerüstes.The variable-length support stabilizes the mast and can be formed by one or more hydraulic cylinders. However, other longitudinal drives are also possible. If the variable-length support is used to adjust the mast by small swivel angles, then an embodiment of the invention is advantageous, according to which the support engages on an approximately horizontally mounted eccentric shaft on the mast, which in turn can be rotated by an inclination cylinder. Since relatively small swivel angles for the mast are sufficient for the compensation for the bending of the mast, only a relatively small adjusting cylinder is necessary to bring about the swiveling via the eccentric shaft. This ensures that only a small part of the supporting forces have to be transmitted by the adjusting cylinder acting as an adjusting drive. This leads to a correspondingly rigid support of the mast.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.

Fig. 1
zeigt schematisch die Seitenansicht eines Hubladers nach der Erfindung mit einer Teleskopgabel als Lastaufnahmemittel.
Fig. 2
zeigt den Hublader nach Fig. 1 in der Transportstellung.
Fig. 3
zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Radachse des Hubladers nach Fig. 1 im Bereich eines Rades.
Fig. 4
zeigt eine andere Ausgestaltung einer Einzelheit des Hubladers nach Fig. 1.
Fig. 5
zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Darstellung nach Fig. 4 entlang der Linie 5-5.
Fig. 6
zeigt vergrößert die Anlenkung des Hubgerüsts des Hubladers nach Fig. 1 am Fahrzeugrahmen.
Fig. 7
zeigt ein Blockbild für die Neigungsregulierung des Hubladers nach Fig. 1.
Fig. 8
zeigt ein Blockschaltbild für eine andere Neigungsregulierung des Hubladers nach Fig. 1.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.
Fig. 1
shows schematically the side view of a lift truck according to the invention with a telescopic fork as a load handling device.
Fig. 2
shows the lift truck of FIG. 1 in the transport position.
Fig. 3
shows a section through the wheel axis of the loader 1 in the area of a wheel.
Fig. 4
shows another embodiment of a detail of the lift loader according to FIG. 1.
Fig. 5
shows a section through the representation of FIG. 4 along the line 5-5.
Fig. 6
shows enlarged the articulation of the mast of the lift truck of FIG. 1 on the vehicle frame.
Fig. 7
shows a block diagram for the inclination regulation of the lift loader according to FIG. 1.
Fig. 8
shows a block diagram for another inclination regulation of the loader according to FIG. 1.

Ein Hublader 10 nach den Figuren 1 und 2 weist ein Fahrzeug 12 auf, das ein Chassis 14 sowie ein Schutzdach 16 umfaßt, das über eine Stützvorrichtung 18 am Chassis 14 abgestützt ist. Das Chassis 14 umfaßt unter anderem ein Fahrerabteil und Radarme, von denen einer bei 22 zu erkennen ist. Am Chassis 14 ist ein Antriebsrad 24 zu erkennen, während jeder Radarm 22 ein Lastrad 26 aufweist. Die Lasträder 26 sind an den Enden eines im Querschnitt doppel-T-förmigen Querträgers 28 drehbar gelagert. Der Querträger 28 ist um eine zur Radachse parallele Achse 30 schwenkbar an den Radarmen 22 gelagert. In Fig. 6 ist der Querträger 28 zu erkennen. Man sieht, daß zwischen oberem und unterem Quersteg 32 bzw. 34 zwei parallele Platten 36 eingeschweißt sind (siehe auch Fig. 3), die mithin eine Gabel bilden, in die hinein ein verjüngter Abschnitt 38 des Radarms 22 hineinsteht und dort um die Drehachse 30 drehbar gelagert ist, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Zapfens 40. Auf dem unteren Quersteg des Doppel-T-Profils stützt sich der Standmast 42 eines Hubgerüstes 44 ab. Wie aus Fig. 3 zu erkennen, besteht der Standmast aus zwei parallel beabstandeten im Querschnitt doppel-T-förmigen Stützen 46. Wie aus Fig. 3 ferner hervorgeht, sind zwei Mastschüsse 48 und 50 teleskopisch im Standmast 42 geführt.A lift truck 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has a vehicle 12 which comprises a chassis 14 and a protective roof 16 which is supported on the chassis 14 by a support device 18. The chassis 14 includes, among other things, a driver's compartment and wheel arms, one of which can be seen at 22. A drive wheel 24 can be seen on the chassis 14, while each wheel arm 22 has a load wheel 26. The load wheels 26 are double-T-shaped at the ends of a cross-section Cross member 28 rotatably mounted. The cross member 28 is mounted on the wheel arms 22 so as to be pivotable about an axis 30 parallel to the wheel axis. The cross member 28 can be seen in FIG. 6. It can be seen that two parallel plates 36 are welded in between the upper and lower transverse webs 32 and 34 (see also FIG. 3), which therefore form a fork into which a tapered section 38 of the wheel arm 22 projects and there about the axis of rotation 30 is rotatably supported, for example with the help of a pin 40. The mast 42 of a mast 44 is supported on the lower crosspiece of the double-T profile. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the standing mast consists of two parallel-spaced, double-T-shaped supports 46. As also shown in FIG. 3, two mast sections 48 and 50 are guided telescopically in the standing mast 42.

Zwei längsverstellbare Stützen, von denen eine in den Figuren 1 und 2 bei 52 zu erkennen ist, sind an einem Ende bei 54 nahe dem oberen Ende des Standmastes 42 angelenkt und am anderen Ende bei 56 am unteren Ende der Stützen 18 für das Schutzdach 16. Durch Verkürzung der Stützen 52 bzw. eine Transportstütze 52' läßt sich das Hubgerüst 44 in Richtung Fahrerschutzdach 16 verschwenken, wodurch eine günstige Transportposition erreicht wird.Two longitudinally adjustable supports, one of which can be seen at 52 in FIGS. 1 and 2, are articulated at one end at 54 near the upper end of the standing mast 42 and at the other end at 56 at the lower end of the supports 18 for the canopy 16. By shortening the supports 52 or a transport support 52 ', the mast 44 can be pivoted in the direction of the overhead guard 16, whereby a favorable transport position is achieved.

Am inneren Mastschuß 50 ist ein Lastaufnahmemittel 58 höhenverstellbar geführt. Hierauf wird nicht im einzelnen eingegangen, da insoweit Stand der Technik vorliegt.On the inner mast section 50, a load suspension device 58 is guided such that it can be adjusted in height. This will not be dealt with in detail since the state of the art is available.

An den Stützen 46 des Standmastes 42 ist an der Rückseite eine Querstrebe 60 angebracht, an der ein sich nach oben erstreckender Neigungszylinder 62 angelenkt ist. Seine Stange 64 ist an einem Hebel 66 angelenkt, der mit einer Welle 68 verbunden ist, die in an den Stützen 46 angebrachten Laschen 70, 72 drehbar gelagert ist. An den Enden der Welle 68 sind Exzenterscheiben 74 bzw. 76 angebracht mit exzentrischen Zapfen 78 bzw. 80. An die Zapfen 78, 80 sind die Stützen 52 angelenkt. Wird der Neigungszylinder 62 betätigt, wird die Welle 68 gedreht und verändert dadurch den Abstand der Traverse 60 bzw. der Stützen 46 von den Stützen 52. Auf diese Weise kann die Neigung des Hubgerüstes 44 verstellt werden. Für die Steuerung bzw. Regulierung der Neigung des Hubgerüstes 44 sind in den Figuren 7 und 8 zwei Ausführungsbeispiele dargestellt.On the supports 46 of the mast 42, a cross strut 60 is attached to the rear, to which an upwardly extending inclination cylinder 62 is articulated. Its rod 64 is articulated on a lever 66 which is connected to a shaft 68 which is rotatably mounted in tabs 70, 72 attached to the supports 46. Eccentric discs 74 and 76 are attached to the ends of the shaft 68 with eccentric pins 78 and 80, respectively. The supports 52 are articulated to the pins 78, 80. If the tilt cylinder 62 is actuated, the shaft 68 is rotated and thereby changes the distance of the cross member 60 or the supports 46 from the supports 52. In this way, the inclination of the mast 44 can be adjusted. Two exemplary embodiments are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 for controlling or regulating the inclination of the lifting frame 44.

Ein Höhenmeßgeber (nicht gezeigt) mißt die Höhe des Lastaufnahmemittels 58 am Hubgerüst 44. Ein Druckgeber mißt den Druck im nicht dargestellten Hubzylinder für die Höhenverstellung des Lastaufnahmemittels 58. Beide Signale werden in einen Block 90 eingegeben. Mit Hilfe eines Algorithmus x = f (h, p)

Figure imgb0001
wird ein Sollwert für die Neigung des Hubgerüstes 44 errechnet. Über eine Steuerung 92 für den Neigungszylinder 62 wird der Neigungszylinder 62 verstellt, wobei ein Weggeber die Verstellung des Neigungszylinders 62 mißt und mit dem Sollwert vergleicht, wie bei 94 dargestellt. Der Neigungszylinder 62 verstellt die Welle 68 und damit die Neigung des Hubgerüstes 42, was im Idealfall zu einer lotrechten Bewegung der Last auf dem Lastaufnahmemittel 58 führt.A height sensor (not shown) measures the height of the load-bearing means 58 on the lifting frame 44. A pressure sensor measures the pressure in the lifting cylinder (not shown) for the height adjustment of the load-bearing means 58. Both signals are input into a block 90. With the help of an algorithm x = f (h, p)
Figure imgb0001
a setpoint for the inclination of the mast 44 is calculated. The tilt cylinder 62 is adjusted via a control 92 for the tilt cylinder 62, a displacement sensor measuring the adjustment of the tilt cylinder 62 and comparing it with the desired value, as shown at 94. The inclination cylinder 62 adjusts the shaft 68 and thus the inclination of the mast 42, which ideally leads to a vertical movement of the load on the load suspension device 58.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 8 ist ein Sollwertgeber 96 vorgesehen, der die Lotrechtführung der Last vorgibt. Die Zylindersteuerung 92 betätigt wiederum den Neigungszylinder 62 und dieser die Welle 68, wodurch das Hubgerüst 42 in einer Neigung verstellt wird. Es kommt zu einer entsprechenden Bewegung des Lastaufnahmemittels 58, wobei diesem ein Lotlaser 98 oder dergleichen zugeordnet ist, der ermittelt, ob die Last auch tatsächlich lotrecht geführt ist. Die Abweichung vom Sollwert wird in der Vergleichsvorrichtung 100 festgestellt, so daß wiederum ein Stellsignal für die Zylindersteuerung 92 ermittelt werden kann. Bei der zuletzt beschriebenen Ausführungsform kommen eine Höhenmessung und eine Druckmessung in Fortfall.In the embodiment according to FIG. 8, a setpoint generator 96 is provided, which specifies the perpendicular guidance of the load. The cylinder control 92 in turn actuates the tilt cylinder 62 and this the shaft 68, whereby the mast 42 is adjusted in an inclination. A corresponding movement of the load-carrying means 58 occurs, with a solder laser 98 or the like being assigned to this, which determines whether the load is actually guided perpendicularly. The deviation from the target value is determined in the comparison device 100, so that again a control signal for the cylinder control 92 can be determined. In the last-described embodiment, height measurement and pressure measurement are eliminated.

Claims (9)

  1. A lift truck comprising a driven chassis including a base frame, the chassis resting on the floor through front and rear wheels, a lifting frame including an upright mast and at least a mast section telescopically guided along the upright mast, wherein the upright mast includes a pair of parallely spaced side beams and optionally includes at least an intermediate beam arranged between said side beams, said beams resting on a transverse member which in addition defines the axis for the front wheels and which is connected to the base frame at the rearside comprising at least a strut adjustable in length which is pivotally connected to the upright mast adjacent the upper end thereof and which is connected at its other end to the chassis of the truck or, respectively, an inclination cylinder for adjusting the inclination of the upright mast, an inclination control means of the lifting frame (44) for vertically guiding said load carrying means (58) including a sensor associated to the lifting frame (44) or the load carrying means (58) which sensor measures the deviation of the load movement of the load carrying means (58) with respect to the vertical, and a desired value transmitter (96) providing a desired value in function of the measured deviation for determining a control signal for the strut (52) adjustable in length or, respectively, for the inclination cylinder (62).
  2. The lift truck of claim 1, characterized in that a vertical laser means cooperates with said sensor.
  3. A lift truck comprising a driven chassis including a base frame, the chassis resting on the floor through front and rear wheels, a lifting frame including an upright mast and at least a mast section telescopically guided along the upright mast, wherein the upright mast includes a pair of parallely spaced side beams and optionally includes at least an intermediate beam arranged between said side beams, said beams resting on a transverse member which in addition defines the axis for the front wheels and which is connected to the base flame at the rearside, comprising at least a strut adjustable in length which is pivotally connected to the upright mast adjacent the upper end thereof and which is connected at its other end to the chassis of the truck or, respectively, an inclination cylinder for adjusting the inclination of the upright mast, an inclination control means of the lifting frame (44) for vertically guiding said load carrying means (58), said inclination control means comprising a pressure sensor associated to the lifting cylinder of the lifting frame (44) measuring the load weight resting on the load carrying means and an elevation sensor measuring the elevation of the load carrying means (58) as well as a desired value transmitter (90) providing a desired value signal in response to the lifting elevation and the pressure to determine a control signal for the strut (52) adjustable in length or, respectively, for the inclination cylinder (62).
  4. The lift truck of one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the strut (52) adjustable in length engages an excentric shaft (68) which is substantially horizontally mounted to the upright mast (42) which excentric shaft may be rotated by an inclination cylinder (62).
  5. The lift truck of one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the strut (52) adjustable in length is defined by a hydraulic cylinder.
  6. The lift truck of one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inclination cylinder (62) or the strut (52) adjustable in length is provided with a distance transmitter for generating an actual value signal to be compared with said desired value signal, wherein said control signal is determined from the difference of the desired value and actual value signals.
  7. The lift truck of one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by designing the pivotal connection of the transverse member (28) and the strut (52) adjustable in length such that the lifting frame (44) is pivotally towards the protective roof (16) of the truck (12).
  8. The lift truck of one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the transverse member (28) is pivotally connected to the base frame (22) about an axis (30) extending parallel to the wheel axis.
  9. The lift truck of one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the transverse member (28) is a double T-profile in cross-section.
EP93104927A 1992-06-19 1993-03-25 Lift truck Expired - Lifetime EP0574660B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4220009 1992-06-19
DE4220009 1992-06-19
DE4305639 1993-02-24
DE19934305639 DE4305639C2 (en) 1993-02-24 1993-02-24 Lift loader

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0574660A1 EP0574660A1 (en) 1993-12-22
EP0574660B1 true EP0574660B1 (en) 1997-05-14

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EP93104927A Expired - Lifetime EP0574660B1 (en) 1992-06-19 1993-03-25 Lift truck

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DE (1) DE59306429D1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107381446B (en) * 2016-05-16 2023-06-30 闫勇刚 Portable loading and transporting vehicle

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2261930A (en) * 1940-03-14 1941-11-11 Elwell Parker Electric Co Load elevating mechanism for industrial trucks
US2349353A (en) * 1943-02-10 1944-05-23 Willamette Hyster Company Industrial truck
US2723771A (en) * 1952-08-13 1955-11-15 Taylor Machine Works Fork lift truck
DE1047719B (en) * 1956-02-11 1958-12-24 Hans Still Ag Mobile stacking device with a backward tiltable mast
US2905348A (en) * 1957-05-23 1959-09-22 Clark Equipment Co Industrial truck
FR1392044A (en) * 1964-02-19 1965-03-12 Rubery Mobile stacker lift
FR1404252A (en) * 1964-08-13 1965-06-25 Yale & Towne Industrial trolley with tilting uprights
FR1449300A (en) * 1965-10-05 1966-08-12 Hans Still Ag Mobile stacker lift with tilting lifting frame
AU8652275A (en) * 1974-11-11 1977-05-19 Hill L D Fork lift truck
WO1982002188A1 (en) * 1980-12-19 1982-07-08 Ervin Daniel L Lift mast with offset tilt cylinder mountings
JPS57159100U (en) * 1981-03-31 1982-10-06
DE4038730A1 (en) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-11 Jungheinrich Ag LIFTING DEVICES, ESPECIALLY FOR LIFTING VEHICLES

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EP0574660A1 (en) 1993-12-22
DE59306429D1 (en) 1997-06-19

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