EP0574326A1 - Einrichtung, System und Verfahren zum Bohren und Ausrüsten eines seitlichen Bohrloches - Google Patents

Einrichtung, System und Verfahren zum Bohren und Ausrüsten eines seitlichen Bohrloches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0574326A1
EP0574326A1 EP93401501A EP93401501A EP0574326A1 EP 0574326 A1 EP0574326 A1 EP 0574326A1 EP 93401501 A EP93401501 A EP 93401501A EP 93401501 A EP93401501 A EP 93401501A EP 0574326 A1 EP0574326 A1 EP 0574326A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
column
lateral
opening
tubular
well
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93401501A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0574326B1 (de
Inventor
Lew Hayes
Larry Comeau
Christian Wittrisch
Ray Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CS Resources Ltd
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Baroid Technology Inc
Original Assignee
CS Resources Ltd
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Baroid Technology Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9207142A external-priority patent/FR2692316B1/fr
Application filed by CS Resources Ltd, IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN, Baroid Technology Inc filed Critical CS Resources Ltd
Publication of EP0574326A1 publication Critical patent/EP0574326A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0574326B1 publication Critical patent/EP0574326B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system adapted to allow drilling and equipping a well drilled laterally to a main well.
  • the main well can be of any inclination, in particular substantially vertical or strongly inclined.
  • the lateral drilling technique is known from a main well previously drilled.
  • This main well can be in open hole, that is to say not cased, or cased by a tubular column.
  • This packing is conventionally equipped with a bottom motor and a deflecting tool such as an elbow fitting.
  • a deflection device commonly called "whipstock", which is fixed on or in place of the plug mentioned above.
  • Document US-A-4807704 discloses a system and method for carrying out several boreholes from a main well, but the equipment of the main and lateral wells is complex and occupies the interior space of the main well, preventing thus access to the lower part of the main well.
  • drilling the lateral well requires a milling phase in the tubular column of the main well.
  • the object of the present invention is in particular to casing a main well with a tubular pipe comprising one or more lateral openings at least partially prepared before the casing operation, then to hang on it a lateral column introduced into a lateral well drilled at from one of the openings.
  • tubular pipe When the tubular pipe is made up of elements of tubes assembled as it is introduced into the well, use is made of specifically manufactured tubular elements comprising in particular a lateral opening.
  • the casing operation is carried out according to the conventional technique but incorporating in the desired location, the specific elements comprising the lateral opening as well as other drilling devices and equipment.
  • the main well is thus thus equipped with a mixed casing comprising, at the locations provided by the operators, the means allowing the drilling and the equipment of a lateral well ready for use.
  • the corresponding production operations can take place in the usual way, for example by the establishment of a production column, or the installation of a pumping installation.
  • the communication between the producing formation and the interior of the casing must exist. This is the case if the casing is not cemented and if it includes at least one portion of perforated tube. Otherwise, in situ perforation means, well known in the art, are used.
  • This production scheme is an example among other possibilities offered by the present invention.
  • the openings can be plugged in a substantially sealed manner before their introduction into the well, which in particular allows cementing to be carried out according to the rules of the art.
  • bandages in particular made of thermosetting composite material which may include reinforcing fibers embedded in a matrix, such as glass fibers.
  • a piece of aluminum or other reforable material can be placed as reinforcement on the openings so that the blockage by the bandages can withstand greater pressures.
  • a conventional type drilling tool used for lateral drilling, is capable of destroying these bandages and their reinforcement without imposing additional operation. Without changing the tool, it will be possible to continue drilling after having perforated the tire.
  • a preferred method according to the invention can comprise the following steps. Those described below start from the state where a casing comprising at least one specific opening has been put in place in the main well. We descend into the main casing of the guide means comprising a guide ramp similar to that of a whistle deflector or whipstock, using operating rods.
  • these guide means are adapted to be able to be brought and positioned in the vicinity of any of the lateral openings, when there are several. The operator can choose any of the casing openings to perform lateral drilling and improve operations.
  • the guide means can be used both as a tool for deflecting the drilling tool and as a means for positioning the tubular column placed in the lateral well.
  • the lining is conventionally that which the operators use with a deflecting tool such as a whipstock, that is to say comprising in particular a drilling tool, a downhole motor, drill collars, drill rods.
  • a deflecting tool such as a whipstock
  • the operator decides whether or not to equip the lateral well with a perforated casing or not. If the equipment is executed after drilling, as is often the case to limit the risks of blockage of the well by collapse of the formation, the same guide means are preferably used to descend the lateral tubular column into the lateral well.
  • the upper end of the lateral casing and the opening comprise means for ensuring the junction of the lateral casing in the main casing, at the level of the opening.
  • These joining means may include a connecting fitting adapted to cooperate with the opening. This fitting is fixed on the upper end of the lateral casing.
  • the invention has in particular the advantage of practically not cluttering the interior space of the main casing by the means of junction between the lateral casing and the main casing, which allows access to the other openings more distant from the surface. , even after fitting the side well with the side casing.
  • closing means for example a sliding door, can complete the joining means.
  • This door is adapted to obstruct practically all the space situated between the connection connection of the lateral casing and the opening, so that the effluent coming from the lateral well flows into the main casing through the interior of the lateral casing and not not through the annular space between the well and the casing. In fact, if this were not the case, the advantage of installing a column in the lateral well would be less, if not zero.
  • the closing means for example the sliding door can also serve as a complementary connecting means with the connecting fitting.
  • the tool for installing the lateral casing can have the function of properly orienting the special connector with respect to the opening and of closing the opening.
  • these two operations can be carried out using different tools.
  • Lateral drilling means can be lowered into the main well and a lateral well can be drilled from said opening.
  • the means for drilling said lateral well can be guided by said guide means and the introduction of said lateral column into the lateral well can be guided by said guide means.
  • Junction means can be oriented relative to said opening by the guide means.
  • the space between said opening and the lateral column can be substantially plugged substantially at the junction means.
  • Said guide means can be moved after the lateral column has been joined to the tubular column of the main well.
  • the lateral column can be introduced into the lateral well by means of operating rods assembled from the surface, said rods being connected to said lateral column by means of a setting tool.
  • the closing means can be activated by varying the pressure in the interior space of the setting tool.
  • the installation tool can be released from said lateral column by varying the pressure in the installation tool.
  • the openings can be oriented relative to each other by rotation of said portions around the axis of the column, and one can control said orientations using a measurement tool lowered into the interior space of said column.
  • the invention also relates to a system for drilling and equipping at least one lateral well to a main well cased by a tubular column comprising at least one lateral opening, said opening being suitable for the passage of a drilling tool, said system comprising a lateral tubular column housed in said lateral well and guide means positioned relative to said opening.
  • Said system comprises means for joining the lateral column situated substantially on the periphery of the tubular column.
  • the system may include means for closing the space between said lateral column and said opening, said closing means being situated substantially at the level of the joining means.
  • the guide means can be adapted to guide said drilling means and said lateral column.
  • the guide means may include displacement means allowing the displacement of said guide means in the tubular column after the junction of the lateral column.
  • the system may include a key integral with the main column in the vicinity of said opening, said displacement means may consist of a continuous groove along the guide means, and said anchoring means may consist of another groove and a reversible lock blocking the key in said other groove.
  • the system may include a tool for installing said lateral column, said tool being linked to the lateral column by a reversible anchor, said tool comprising means for orienting the joining means by cooperation with the guide means and means for d activation of the means of closing, and said tool can be lowered into the well by operating rods.
  • the activation means may comprise a differential piston and a drive finger in translation said closure means.
  • the invention also relates to a connecting device between two tubular elements.
  • a first tubular element has a lateral opening of dimension adapted to allow the passage of the second element, and the device comprises means for joining the second element to the first located at the periphery of the first element.
  • the device may include means for closing the space between the second tubular element and the opening.
  • Said joining means may comprise a connection fitting integral with the second tubular element by means of a rotary joint.
  • connection fitting may comprise a section along an inclined plane with respect to the main axis of the fitting, a portion of the periphery of said section may be in contact with a corresponding portion of the periphery of the opening, and the closing means may comprise a sliding plate adapted to substantially close off the space between the other periphery portions of said section and of the opening.
  • Said section can be rectangle.
  • connection fitting may comprise, on the sides substantially parallel to the axis of the first element, connection means cooperating with the sliding plate when the latter is moved.
  • the method, system or device according to the invention can be applied to the exploitation of petroleum deposits, said main well being vertical or horizontal.
  • the references 1 and 2 designate the main well and the lateral well in which tubular columns 4 and 3 have been placed respectively.
  • the assembly 5 mainly comprises a lateral opening 21 in the column 4, a fitting connecting 7 between the main column 4 and the lateral column 3, a joint 8 intermediate between the connecting fitting 7 and the column 3, means 9 for closing the space existing between the fitting 7 and the opening 21.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show in partial section the main column 4 in which the guide means 10 are positioned such that the system must be configured for the drilling or equipping operation of the lateral well.
  • the connection fitting 7 is shown in this figure fixed by the stop and retaining means 14 and a sliding door 12 closes the lateral opening 21 around the fitting 7.
  • the details of the door and the opening will be more fully described using figures 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D or 15A, 15B and 15C.
  • connection fitting 7 does not penetrate into the interior of the column 4 and is located substantially in the same plane as the opening.
  • the details of the connection fitting are shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D and 6E.
  • the door 12 is held on the column 4 by a casing 16.
  • a shear pin 17 fixes the door 12 in the high or open position, position in which the opening 21 has a dimension which allows the passage of the drilling tool and of the side column. In FIGS. 2B and 2A, the pin 17 is sheared and the door is in the closed position on the opening 21, around the connection fitting 7.
  • a channel or a conduit 36 arranged in the guide means connects the interior space of the column 4 on either side of these guide means.
  • Centering pads 70 are arranged on the circumference of the means 10, substantially at the level of the two ends 11 and 18.
  • FIG. 4A shows a top view of a tubular element 24 intended to be assembled with other tubes to constitute the column 4.
  • the assembly is done by means of threads 25 and 26.
  • the opening 21 is in fact composed of two windows 27 and 28 cut respectively in the casing or cover 16 and the tubular body of the element 24.
  • the function of the cover 16 is to hold and guide the sliding door 12 shown in top view in FIG. 4D.
  • the width of the opening 21 is adapted to let the lateral drilling tool pass, the length of the opening depends on the slope of the ramp.
  • the flat surface 29 forming part of the circumference of the window 27 of the cover is the place where the connection fitting 7 abuts and possibly attaches.
  • a key 23 is welded to the body of the element 24, preferably in the longitudinal axis of the opening.
  • the key protrudes from the inner wall of the tubular element so that the top of the flat of the key is at a distance D from the diametrically opposite point.
  • This dimension D is functionally important for the positioning of the guide device, role that is played to the key 23 integral with the element 24. Furthermore, this dimension is sufficient not to hinder the passage of organ or d intervention equipment.
  • the door 12 is fixed in the open position by a shear pin 17. In this position, the opening 21 has maximum dimensions.
  • FIG. 4C is a section of the element 24 which shows the stacking of the door 12 on the body of the element 24 and the assembly of the cover 16 on the same body by welding two bars 30 and 31 over the entire length.
  • the largest diametrical dimension of the element 24 should not be greater than the outside diameter of the sleeves of the tube fittings making up the column 4.
  • the element 24 can be lowered into a well drilled by a tool of conventional diameter without substantially providing friction greater than that provided by a tube connection.
  • FIG. 4D is a top view of the sheet metal constituting the door 12.
  • the bore 32 receives the shear pin 17.
  • the branches 33 and 34 separated by the distance referenced 35 will close off the clearance between the opening 21 and the connection connector 7.
  • the shape of the U and its width referenced 35 is a function of the external shape of the connection fitting 7. It should be noted that the U of the door window, once it is closed, cooperates with the portion 29 of the circumference of the window 27 of the cover 16, to form a rectangle of dimensions substantially equal to the section of the end of the connection fitting 7. In fact, referring to FIGS.
  • connection fitting of square cross section
  • the end section 13 of the connection fitting has a rectangular shape corresponding to the U-shaped opening of the door 12 and to the width of the portion of periphery 29.
  • the door and the portion of the periphery 29 of the opening 21 will always be adapted so that, once the door is closed on the connection fitting, it does not there is only a reduced space or clearance, if not zero, between the connection fitting and the element 24.
  • the objective of the cooperation of the door with the connection fitting is to obtain a sufficient seal for practically prevent the flow of fluid around the connection fitting or the ingress of sand. It is possible, within the framework of this invention, to add a resilient seal either to the connection fitting, or to the door and the line 29 or else both, in order to improve the sealing.
  • Holes 75 are machined in the door 12. Their shape is adapted to cooperation with a means for moving the door, which is part of the fitting tool. An illustration of this means is for example the finger 76 of the fitting tool illustrated by FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C. Depending on the length of the travel path of the door 12 and the translational travel of the finger 76 (FIGS. 10), several openings 75 are necessary and spaced apart at most from the length of the travel of the said finger 76. The openings 75 must correspond with a slot 66 in the body of the tube 24 so as to be able to actuate the door 12 from the inside of the pipe 4 and through the wall of the tubular element 24.
  • Figures 15A, 15B and 15C show another embodiment of a tubular element 24 and another drawing of the door 12.
  • Figures 15A and 15B differ mainly in the shape of the openings 27 and 28 respectively in the cover 16 and the tubular body 24, the coincidence of these openings 27 and 28 constituting the opening or passage 21.
  • the wide part 136 of the opening 27 narrows in the form of a funnel 137 to finally have at 138 substantially the width of the connection fitting 7.
  • the wings 139 of the connection fitting 7 are blocked by the cover 16 substantially in the zones referenced 140, below which the tube 24 is opened by the opening 28.
  • the part 135, welded to the body 24, has a tooth-shaped section whose slope allows the displacement of the connection fitting in the direction of its introduction into the lateral well but blocks the movement of the connection fitting once the part 141 of said fitting has reached its final position.
  • FIG. 6C one can see the cooperation of the part 135 with the part 141 linked to the connection fitting, after the connection fitting 7 has been put in place with respect to the opening.
  • One or more shear pins 134 are fixed in the cover 16 between the branches 33 and 34 of the door, the latter being positioned open.
  • a series of pins 134 can be arranged along the axis of the U of the door 12. The role of these pins is as follows: when the means for closing the door break the pin 17, the latter is driven in translation until the bottom of the U of the door comes to lock on the pins 134. The closing means then signal to the surface that there is locking in translation by a rise in hydraulic pressure, if the means are activated hydraulically, or an increase in mechanical force (for example a torque), if they are activated mechanically. The operator thus knows that the door has moved from the distance between the original position of the door and the pins 134. By placing a series of series of pins 134, the operator can deduce from the surface the position reached by the door.
  • FIG. 15C shows a top view of a door 12 comprising branches 33 and 34 separated by a distance 35.
  • the branches 33 and 34 have their ends 143 cut into a point in order to facilitate guiding with respect to the connection fitting 7.
  • the door is cut to form slots 142 promoting sliding in translation of the door.
  • teeth On one of the slots 142, teeth have been machined for locking the door in the closed position around the connection fitting. The details of this lock are illustrated in Figure 12.
  • Figure 12 shows the principle of locking the door 12 in the closed position.
  • a flexible blade 144 is fixed to at least one of the bars 30 and 31 which serve as lateral guide to the door and means for fixing the cover 16 to the tubular body 24.
  • the end 145 of the blade 144 is adapted to cooperate with the teeth 143 when the door has been made to move completely.
  • the asymmetrical shape of the teeth irreversibly locks the door once the end 145 of the blade is engaged in one of the teeth 143.
  • the holes 75 have an oblong shape and a relatively large surface area in order to allow a certain tolerance of positioning of the door relative to the finger 76 of the means of movement of the door, as well as a mechanical reinforcement of this finger.
  • Figures 3A, 3B and 3C detail the end 11 of the guide means 10.
  • Figure 3B is a section of the means when they are positioned and anchored in the pipe 4 by the cooperation of the key 23 and a groove 37.
  • the groove 37 comprises a pawl 38 carried by a flexible blade 45 secured to a drawer 40 which can slide in the parallel housing 41 and disposed under the groove 37.
  • a return spring 42 of the drawer 40 is held in the housing 41 by a plug 43.
  • the pawl 38 has a slope 44 on the side opposite the bottom 39 of the groove 37, relative to the edge 47 defined below.
  • the flexibility of the blade 45 keeps the pawl 38 prominent relative to the bottom of the groove, through an opening 46 between the housing 41 and the groove 37.
  • an edge or a bearing surface 47 of the pawl locks the key 23 in the housing defined by the bottom 39 of the groove 37 and the edge 47.
  • the edge 47 abuts on the key 23, a edge 48 of the opening 46 cooperates with the slope 44 of the pawl to retract the pawl 38 and release the means 10 of the key.
  • the groove 37 has an open end.
  • the latter opposite the bottom 39 of the groove 37 opens onto a flat surface 49 forming one face of the tip of the end 11.
  • Another flat surface 50 forms the other side of the tip.
  • These two flat surfaces 49 and 50 belong to a dihedral.
  • the point formed by the surfaces 49 and 50 constitutes the means for orienting the guide means relative to the key which must, as the case may be, penetrate into the groove 37 or into a groove 51 diametrically opposite with respect to the groove 37.
  • the groove 51 is formed over the entire length of the means 10 so that when the key is guided in the groove 51, the means do not anchor and can be moved either towards the bottom of the well or towards the surface passing from one side of the key 23 to the other.
  • the double bevel shape of the end 11 of the guide means 10, obtained by the surfaces 49 and 50 is a preferred embodiment since it is easily produced. However, only the periphery of the surfaces 49 and 50 is functional since the end 11 cooperates with the key 23 for guiding and orienting. We will remain within the scope of the invention if the guide rails of the key in the groove 37 or in the groove 51 are produced differently, for an equivalent result.
  • FIGS. 3D and 3E illustrate another embodiment of the means for anchoring the guide means 10 in the pipe 4.
  • the means for orienting the guide means relative to the key 23 remain identical, as does the arrangement of the grooves 37 and 51.
  • the reversible locking means of the key 23 in the bottom of the groove 37 is constituted by a button 77 placed in a housing such as a bore 78 machined radially relative to the guide means, perpendicular to the axis of the groove 37
  • the button 77 is held by a nut 79 and is pushed in the direction of the groove 37 by a stack of spring washers 80 of the Belleville type.
  • the force required to compress the button can be adjusted by the number and type of spring washer 80.
  • the upper shape 81 of the button obstructs the groove preventing the end 11 from moving relative to the key 23 as long as the tensile force on the guide means is not sufficient to compress the washers 80.
  • the shape 81 is advantageously on a slope inclined towards the bottom of the groove and towards the opening of the groove 37.
  • the conduit 36 having the same axis as the part 11, is interrupted before the housing 78.
  • the conduit 36 is extended to the end of the guide means by conduits 82 and 83 parallel to the axis guide means and arranged on either side of the housing 78 so as not to interfere with the latter.
  • the double-pointed end is not substantially solid, but pierced with a cylindrical hole with a diameter referenced 133 and the bottom of which is referenced 132.
  • the conduits 82 and 83 open out into the bottom 132.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B relate to the upper end 18 of the guide means.
  • This part is preferably tubular, with an outside diameter compatible with the inside diameter of the main column and with the dimension D mentioned above, and has an inside passage 22 of diameter compatible with the diameter of lateral drilling tool.
  • the conduit 22 opens at the entrance to the ramp 15.
  • the end of the part 18 is cut in the form of a bevel 20 constituting a means for guiding and orienting the means 10 relative to the key 23.
  • the groove 51 opens into the lowest part of the bevel as indicated by the Figure 5B. Indeed, in the case where the operator ascends to the surface said means 10, when the key 23 is an obstacle against the bevel 20, all of the guide means will be rotated along the slope of the bevel 20 until that the key 23 enters the groove 51 previously described. As the groove 51 opens at the other end of the means 10, these can be raised to the surface without being stopped by the key (s) 23.
  • a slot 53 is machined in the thickness of the wall of the part 18, from its internal bore, in the direction of a generator substantially at 90 ° from the main axis of the groove 51.
  • the slot 53 does not interrupt the continuity of the bevel guide ramp 20, since the slot 53 has a depth less than the thickness of the wall of the end 18.
  • Internal grooves 19 machined in the wall of the passage 22 allow the attachment of the operating rods of the guide means by means of an installation tool fixed to the end of these rods.
  • the slot 53 can cooperate with a finger secured to the setting tool so that a rotation of the operating rods, from the surface, drives the guide means in the same rotation.
  • a conventional tool is preferably used. or "releasing spear" which is anchored in the bore 22 by a system of wedges.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B relate to the end of the lateral column 3 comprising the connection fitting 7 and an intermediate seal 8 between the tubes of the column 3 and the connection fitting 7.
  • the seal 8 allows orientation of the connection fitting around the longitudinal axis of column 3 relative to the lateral opening, without requiring rotation of the whole of column 3. Indeed, the length and / or the inclined arrangement of this column can create significant friction that should be overcome by the orientation means cooperating with the upper part 18 of the guide means.
  • the joint 8 thus makes it possible to decouple in rotation the connector 7 of the column 3 and to facilitate its orientation.
  • the flexibility of the seal 8 allows the correct inclination of the connecting fitting 7 relative to the lateral opening and the closing means.
  • Such a seal 8, illustrated in Figure 13 is described below.
  • the cross section of the connector 7 preferably has a square outside shape and of dimension such that it is substantially inscribed in a circle of diameter equal to the inside diameter of the duct 22.
  • the inside diameter of the duct 22 therefore limits the outside diameter of the components of the column 3.
  • FIG. 6B shows a bottom view of the rectangular section ABCD of the end 13 of the connecting fitting.
  • the perimeter consisting of the AB-BC-CD sides comes into close proximity or in contact with the sliding door when the latter is closed.
  • the side DA comes into contact with the periphery portion 29 of the window of the cover 16 (FIG. 4A).
  • the peripheral contacts thus limit the clearance between the connection fitting and the lateral opening.
  • this form is in no way limitative of the system, but was preferably chosen for the ease of design and manufacture of the opening, the door and the fitting.
  • a shoe is welded to the connector in order to constitute a stop 14 and a locking of the connector in the opening.
  • the finger 54 of the shoe 14 comes, at the end of translation of the fitting on the slide, penetrate into the housing 55 existing between the cover 16 and the body of the tubular element 24 (FIG. 4B).
  • a mechanical coupling for example an elastic hook can be integrated between the two cooperating parts: the finger 54 and the housing 55.
  • the finger can have a dovetail section.
  • the housing 55 will then have the corresponding female shape in order to improve the guiding and the maintenance of the connection fitting.
  • the door may include locking means cooperating at the end of closing with complementary means carried by the fitting 7 in the vicinity of the periphery BC. These means, not shown, are within the reach of ordinary skill in the art.
  • Figures 6C and 6D show another embodiment of the connection fitting 7 comprising slides having portions substantially parallel to section 13.
  • the slides consist of two rails 84 and 85 welded substantially along each side BA and CD.
  • the space between the rails corresponds to the thickness of the branches 33 and 34 of the door 12.
  • the lower rails 84 are shorter than the upper rails 85.
  • the end of the rails 85, on the BC side has a part 146 of a centering device cooperating with another part 147 linked to the holding part 86 (FIG. 9A).
  • FIG. 6F the connection fitting 7 is shown in perspective and assembled with the holding piece 86.
  • the centering device is substantially in the shape of a V-shaped truncated sphere on the side of the tip of the fitting 7.
  • This shape in V serves as a guide for the branches 33 and 34 of the door 12.
  • the part 147 is adapted to place the junction plane 130 substantially at the level of the opening 21 when the lateral column is read in place. Once the door is closed, the slides hold the connection fitting 7 in place.
  • FIG. 6C another variant of a locking device between the connector 7 and the body of the tube 24 is illustrated. It comprises a shoe 141 whose profile is in the form of an inverted tooth relative to the shoe 135 of the tubular body 24 ( Figure 15B).
  • the profile of the part 135 is shown here for the easy understanding of the cooperation of the shoes 135 and 141 which provides a blocking of the connection fitting in the direction of the ascent to the surface. Verification of the correct position of the connection fitting can be done by trying to pull on the fitting via the operating rods, if there is resistance, the operator can deduce that shoe 141 is correctly placed relative to the opening 21, and therefore that the relative positions of the different elements are good.
  • FIG. 6E is a section of the connection fitting in the vicinity of the wings 139. These wings 139 position the connection fitting 7 relative to the tubular body 24 by their placement under the cover 16 at the level of the zones 140 (FIG. 15A).
  • FIG. 7A represents a main well 1 into which a column 4 has been lowered, at least a portion of which has a lateral opening 21.
  • the equipment phase of well 1 is generally similar to the conventional operation of casing a well.
  • Column 4 is preferably made up of elements of "casing” or “tubing” according to the standard name of "the American Petroleum Institute". These tubes are assembled to each other by threads.
  • the column portion comprising the opening 21 is preferably made from a length of tube to obtain the element 24 as illustrated by FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C or 15A and 15B.
  • the operators integrate the element (s) 24 into the column so that, at the end of the descent, these are located at the start of the planned lateral drilling.
  • connection means 25 (FIGS. 4B, 15B) of the element 24 may comprise means for specific fixing of the orientation of said element 24 relative to the lower tubular column. All the means known in general mechanics can be used, for example the principle of screw-nut with locking lock nut. This principle can be transposed in the present case as follows: the connection 25 consists of a cylindrical male thread; the tube on which the connection 25 is screwed has a corresponding female thread; a ring acting as a lock nut is mounted on the male thread.
  • the element 24 is screwed on the surface on the end of the already assembled column and introduced into the well.
  • We adjust the direction of opening of the element in assembly knowing the orientation of the opening of the previous element already assembled in the main column by the installation in the column of a measurement tool at this first opening.
  • the measurement tool for example of the gyroscope type "steering tool” or “MWD”, is indexed with respect to the opening for example using the key 23.
  • the position of the element is blocked by screwing, at a tightening torque determined by the size of the thread, the ring against the end shoulder of the female thread.
  • Other fixing systems are within the reach of the mechanic knowing the characteristics of the connections of the tubes "casing" or “tubing”.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a simple means of connection between a tubular element 24 and a tube of the column 4, connection allowing adjustment and fixing in orientation of the element 24.
  • a casing sleeve 150 comprises two different types of female threads, 151 and 153.
  • the thread 151 corresponds to the male thread type of the tubes constituting the column 4.
  • the connection by the threads 151 comprises a shoulder 152 on which the male end of the tube 4 is blocked under the action of a tightening torque.
  • This connection conventionally called “premium connection” has, among other things, the particularity of not allowing relative rotation of the tubes with respect to each other in the event of the application of a torque to the entire column.
  • connection comprising the thread 153 is not shouldered, for example of the LTC (Long Thread Collar) type according to the 5CT standards of the American Petroleum Institute.
  • LTC Long Thread Collar
  • the rotation of the element 24 can be adjusted relative to the sleeve 150 as a function of the locking torque applied.
  • lateral needle screws 154 are blocked on the outside of the male thread 25 of the element 24.
  • the column When the entire column 4 has been lowered into the main well, the column is rotated about its axis to orient all the openings relative to the producing formation.
  • the rotational movement is done from the surface either directly on the top of the column if it rises to the surface, or on the operating rods if the column is of the "liner" type, ie 'it is interrupted at the hoof of the previous cemented column.
  • the main column and its openings are correctly positioned by controlling the orientation using a conventional measuring device, adapted to the type of main well concerned.
  • a lateral drilling phase will be undertaken after installation of the guide means 10 illustrated in FIG. 7A.
  • the means are assembled on the surface on a setting tool 56, for example using hooking means 19 comprising grooves (FIG. 5A) and slot 53 or using a "releasing spear” comprising an orientation fitting 161, hooking means 160 and a guide 162. It is not going beyond the scope of this invention if the fixing is done by another equivalent means.
  • the means are lowered into column 4 by means of operating rods 57. The depth reached by these means is checked by adding the lengths of rods 57.
  • the tip 58 with double slope (49, 50) abuts on the key 23, the tip 58 guides the device 10, either in the anchoring position when the key enters the groove 37 (FIG. 3B), or in the displacement position when the key enters the groove 51 (FIG. 3C).
  • the operator raises the means 10 above the key 13, as shown in FIG. 7A, then rotates by half turn the rods 57 and in the same movement the means 10 now have the other guide plane (49 or 50 of FIG. 3A) on the key 23.
  • the operator can thus choose to anchor or not to anchor the means 10 on the key 23 located at the dimension concerned.
  • the setting tool 56 is disconnected by a controlled action from the surface.
  • Systems are known which can be disconnected, for example by rotation, mechanical threshing or by hydraulic control. The drilling operation can then be carried out according to the diagram of FIG. 7B.
  • rods 57 it is necessary to add rods 57 to reach another opening located deeper, towards the bottom of the main well.
  • FIG. 7B shows a drilling tool 59 during drilling of the lateral well 2, the deflection angle I1 between the main well and the start of the lateral drilling is substantially equal to the angle I2 formed by the tangent to the surface of the ramp 15 at its lower end.
  • the surface of the ramp may be flat, as shown in FIG. 2A, but will preferably be curved so as to be able to reduce the length of the opening.
  • the curvature of the ramp can also be at a variable angle and increasing in the direction of the window 21. Of course, the admissible curvature of the ramp is limited by the rigidity of the drill string and that of the lateral column.
  • FIG. 7C relates to the introduction of the lateral column 3 into the lateral well 2.
  • FIG. 7C shows the equipment being lowered, before the final fitting of the connection fitting 7 at the level of the window 21.
  • the column of liner type ends with a connection fitting 7.
  • the connection fitting is connected to the tubes of column 3 by means of a seal 8.
  • Column 3 is shown being introduced into the lateral well 2, but the seal 8 and the connection fitting 7 are still located in the interior of the main column (FIG. 7C).
  • the entire column is lowered by the means of operating rods 60 rising to the surface.
  • An installation tool 61 is screwed substantially to the lower end of the rods 60.
  • the column 3 is suspended from the installation tool 61 by hooking means 62.
  • the installation tool may include anchoring means 62 from the inside of the tubes of the column 3, an orientation and displacement assembly 63, an assembly 64 for operating the door 12 comprising a finger 65 adapted to cooperate with the slot 66 of the body of the tube 24 (FIG. 4B) to be placed above the door.
  • the finger 65 is adapted to be moved in translation to slide the door in its housing and close the space between the opening and the connection fitting.
  • the finger can be activated diametrically and longitudinally via a means comprising a screw driven in rotation by the surface rotation of the rods 60, or by the displacement of a hydraulic cylinder subjected to a pressurized fluid injected from the surface .
  • FIG. 9A represents a tool for lowering and placing 61 of the lateral column 3, anchored in the connection fitting 7, which is integral with the column 3 by means of a seal 8.
  • the tool comprises an assembly 64 for operating the door 12, not shown in FIG. 9A but detailed by FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C, an assembly 63 for orientation and positioning of the connection fitting 7 in the opening 21, an anchoring assembly 62 of the fitting tool 61 in the connector 7.
  • the anchoring assembly comprises a means of locking 87 secured to the end of an operating tube 88 and a piece 86 for holding the connection 7.
  • the holding piece 86 has a face 130 complementary to the section 13 of the connection fitting 7.
  • connection fitting 7 may include longitudinal grooves in which are trapped transverse pins secured to the wall of the fitting 7.
  • the centering device constituted by the parts 146 and 147 of FIG. 6F, is not shown in this figure for reasons of clarity.
  • FIG. 9B illustrates an anchoring system 87.
  • the connector 7 has a circular groove 89 in its interior passage.
  • a cylindrical piece 90 is secured to the end of the tube 88 by a thread 92.
  • the piece 90 has several slots 93 distributed over the periphery allowing a radial expansion of the end 91 of the split piece 90. This end is machined according to a male shape, complementary to the groove 89.
  • a plug 94 widens the end 91 of the slotted piece 90, locking the tube 88 in the connector 7.
  • the plug 94 is integral with a piston 95 located in the bore of the tube 88 Sealing means 96 isolate the interior space of the tube 88 from the annular space.
  • a shear pin 97 secures the piston 95 in the tube 88.
  • the column 3 is lowered into the well by rods integral with the tube 88.
  • the longitudinal forces are supported by the cooperation of the groove 89 and the shape 91 Unlocking will be carried out by increasing the pressure inside the tube 88, via the internal space of the operating rods and a pumping installation on the surface.
  • this breaking breaks free the piston which moves under the effect of the pressure down the figure of a stroke C determined.
  • This translational movement of the piston causes the plug 94 to be disengaged from the end of the part 90. Given the elasticity of the form 91, the latter retracts by itself or under the action of a longitudinal force applied to tube 88, thereby releasing tube 88 from fitting 7.
  • the orientation assembly 63 comprises a jacket 98 secured to the tube 88 by a shear pin 99.
  • the jacket has a shape 100 complementary to the shape of the orientation means 20 of the upper end of the means guide 10 ( Figure 2B).
  • Figure 2B the silhouette of the upper part 18 of the guide means is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 9A.
  • a key 101, integral with the tube 88 is located in a slot 102 cut in the jacket 98.
  • the shape 100 of the jacket of the fitting tool cooperates with the orientation means 20 of the guide means. The cooperation directs the fitting tool and the connecting fitting 7 in a determined direction, direction given by the orientation of the guide means in the pipe 4.
  • the slot 102 is located opposite the slot 53 of the upper part 18 of the guide means.
  • the operator applies a shearing force to the pin 99 by the action of rods or drill collars.
  • the rupture of the pin releases the tube 88 from the jacket 98, and in the same movement moves downward in a translational movement.
  • the key 101 enters the slot 53.
  • the translational movement has made a stroke of predetermined length, at most equal to the length of the slot 53, the connector 7 is correctly positioned in the opening 21. From even, at the end of this last movement, the door operating assembly is in the operating position.
  • Figures 10A and 10B show an embodiment of an operating assembly 64 of the door 12.
  • Figure 10C shows said assembly in action.
  • the two ends 103 and 104 of the assembly 64 are respectively connected to the orientation assembly 63 and to the operating lining, which may include drill collars, heavy rods or rods.
  • the outer body 105 of the assembly 64 comprises a window 106 of elongated shape along a generatrix of the body 105, an upper guide bearing 107 and a lower guide bearing 108.
  • a longitudinally movable assembly 109 coaxial with said outer body 105, comprises an upper piston 110, a lower piston 111, integral with a support 112 of a finger 76 for operating the door 12.
  • Sealing means 113 and 114 are placed respectively in the guide bearings 107 and 108 of the assembly 109 in the outer body 105.
  • the shoulders 117 and 116 of the body 105 limit the movement in translation of the assembly 109 by their respective cooperation with the shoulders 118 and 115 secured to the support 112.
  • a return spring 119 holds the assembly 109 in the high position relative to the body 105 or the rest position. In this rest position the shoulders 118 and 117 are in contact, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B.
  • the outside diameter of the upper piston 110, or the inside diameter of the seals 113 is substantially greater than the outside diameter of the lower piston 111, or the inside diameter of the seals 114.
  • the assembly 109 thus constitutes a differential piston, the pressure in the interior of the tubes applies to different sections, the largest section being on the upper piston side 110.
  • the finger 76 is articulated around the axis 120.
  • a leaf spring 131 (FIG. 10C) is held on the body 112 by a piece 122 carrying the axis 120.
  • the spring disposed under the finger 76 tends to pivot it towards the outside of the support 112.
  • the finger 76 In the so-called rest position, shown in the figures 10A and 10B, the finger 76 is kept retracted, parallel to the axis of the tool 64, by the part 121 of the external body 105.
  • a tubular rod 123 is located inside the lower piston 111
  • the rod 123 has at its lower end a shoulder 132 adapted to cooperate with a stop (not shown) placed at a determined distance in the end tube 103, and at its upper end a sealing sleeve 124.
  • a return spring 126 keeps the rod 123 in abutment e on the shoulder 127 of the lower piston 111.
  • the sealing sleeve 124 comprises sealing means 128 and 129 on either side of at least one orifice 125 drilled in the support 112.
  • the operating assembly 64 of the door 12 is described below.
  • the key 101 is in abutment in the bottom of the slot 53 of the upper part of the guide means.
  • the window 106 is located opposite the window 66 of the body of the tube 24 (FIGS. 4A and 4B).
  • the pressure is increased in the interior space of the rods and of the tube 88 by pumping means located on the surface.
  • the interior space is blocked by the piston 95 of the anchoring means 87.
  • the differential sections of the assembly 109 receives a downward thrust, proportional to the pressure and to the differential section.
  • the pushing force is about 4300 Ibs, or 19126 Newton.
  • the force compresses the spring 119 by lowering the assembly 109.
  • the finger 76 is radially expanded by its spring 131 (FIG. 10C). The finger 76 thus passes through the window 106, the window 66 and the end of the finger cooperates with one of the openings 75 in the door 12.
  • the pushing force moves the door thus driven by the assembly 109 until that the stop 115 arrives near the stop 116.
  • the stop 132 of the rod 123 cooperates with a stop (not shown), moving, at the end of the race of the assembly 109, the sealing sleeve 124.
  • the orifice 125 is released, putting the interior space of the rods 88 into communication with the annular space of the well and thus causing a pressure drop inside these tubes 88.
  • the end of a stroke is thus signaled to the operator who can cause the internal pressure to drop so that the assembly 109 returns to its rest position under the action of the return spring 119.
  • the shape of the finger 76 and the opening 75 are such that this finger 76 is automatically released from this opening 75. The operator repeats the operation to advance the door by successive strokes, until total closure.
  • a certain number of openings 75 are necessary for this displacement by successive strokes.
  • the operator does not observe any pressure drop caused by the end-of-stroke signal constituted by the sleeve 124 and the tube 123, he can deduce therefrom that the door is fully closed. This can be confirmed by the number of closing cycles that have already been carried out.
  • FIG. 13 is a particularly advantageous variant of the joint 8 intermediate between the tubes 3 of the lateral column and the connection fitting 7. It comprises two tubular parts 171 and 172 connected together by a connection 170 of the spherical type.
  • Part 171 has a certain length (about 1 meter) and a cross section such that it has relative flexibility.
  • Part 171 may advantageously be in the form of a bellows or of a tube with a corrugated wall which thus has great lateral flexibility even for a short length.
  • One end 173 has a substantially spherical shape, the other end 174 is integral with the connection fitting 7.
  • part 173 is held in a tubular part 175, integral with one end of the part 172 and whose internal shape cooperates with the spherical shape 173 to constitute a spherical connection 170.
  • the other end of the part 172 is connected to the tubes of the lateral column 3.
  • part 173 comprises in its inner wall the shape 89 (FIG. 9B) adapted to cooperate with the hooking device 87 fixed to the end of the tube 88 located in the interior space of the different tubular parts.
  • FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C detail an example of plugging the opening 21 of the element 24 during the casing of the main well and before drilling the side wells from the window 21.
  • Strips 180 are wound around the element 24 over the entire length of the cover 16, taking care that the covering of the ends of the cover is as shown in detail in FIG. 11C.
  • the spaces 181 are filled with a filling material before the winding.
  • a plate 182 made of reforable material can seal the opening 27 (FIG. 15B) before being covered with bandages.
  • the bandages can be made of fiber-reinforced composite material.
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate a variant of the means for closing the space between the connection fitting 7 and the periphery of the opening 21.
  • the principle here is to equip the element 24 with closing means in several parts 191 and 190.
  • a part 190 slides parallel to the longitudinal axis of the element 24, and two parts 191 have a rotational movement around this same axis.
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B only show the operating principle because the production of these means is within the reach of those skilled in the art, taking into account the present invention.
  • the reference 193 represents the opening 27 of the cover 16 in top view according to FIGS. 15A or 4A.
  • the reference 192 represents the cross section of the connection fitting 7 substantially in the plane of the opening 27. In FIG. 16B, the opening is maximum.
  • Side doors 191 are spaced from each other by a distance corresponding to the width of the opening 21.
  • a door 190 with longitudinal displacement has a V-shaped end 194 whose slope corresponds to the shape 195 of the side doors.
  • the doors 190 and 191 are held in a casing constituted by the body of the tubular element 24 and a cover 16. Once the lateral column and its connection fitting 7 put in place in the lateral drilling, a translation is made of door 190 to the right of Figure 16B.
  • FIG. 16A shows the doors 190 and 191 which close off the space between the fitting and the opening, after they have moved.
  • other equivalent mechanical systems can be used to move closing elements in a given direction from a first translational movement.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B give examples of applications of the method and of the system according to the invention.
  • a main well is drilled from the surface to a geological area 71, preferably an oil deposit.
  • the well 69 extends in the producing formation 71 by a substantially horizontal part 74.
  • the main well is made according to known techniques.
  • Part 74 at least, is cased according to the method according to the invention.
  • Said casing, perforated or not, comprises at least one portion comprising at least one lateral opening from which side drains 72 are drilled.
  • the side drains can be substantially horizontal in the producing layer 71, ascending or descending.
  • the arrangement of the drainage wells 72 depends on the producing layer.
  • the relative orientation of the openings allows the execution of the drains in the desired directions.
  • the main well 69 is substantially vertical up to the producing zone 71.
  • the lateral drilling 72 is carried out inclined, preferably substantially horizontal in the producing layer.
  • the tubular portion 73 of the casing of the main well 69 has at least one opening from which the drain 72 is drilled.
  • several openings located in the vicinity of the portion 73 allow the drilling of several drains 72
  • the openings will be located at different levels, for example for reasons of mechanical strength of the main casing or for a simplification of the implementation of the different means used according to the system and the method of the present invention.
  • the portion 73 may not be located in the producing formation.
  • the main well 69 may include several portions 73 allowing the drainage of the deposit to levels of different depths.
  • the invention can also be applied to the drainage of several producing layers separated and crossed by the main well 69.
  • the casing of the main well comprising several portions 73 and drains 72, for example one assembly per layer.
  • FIG. 8B the main well 69 is shown crossing entirely the producing layer 71. This arrangement is in no way limitative of the scope of the invention.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
EP93401501A 1992-06-12 1993-06-11 Einrichtung, System und Verfahren zum Bohren und Ausrüsten eines seitlichen Bohrloches Expired - Lifetime EP0574326B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9207142A FR2692316B1 (fr) 1992-06-12 1992-06-12 Systeme et methode de forage et d'equipement de forage lateral, application a l'exploitation de gisement petrolier.
FR9207142 1992-06-12
FR9300154 1993-01-08
FR939300154A FR2692315B1 (fr) 1992-06-12 1993-01-08 Système et méthode de forage et d'équipement d'un puits latéral, application à l'exploitation de gisement pétrolier.

Publications (2)

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EP0574326A1 true EP0574326A1 (de) 1993-12-15
EP0574326B1 EP0574326B1 (de) 1997-10-22

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US (1) US5458209A (de)
EP (1) EP0574326B1 (de)
CN (3) CN1035784C (de)
AU (1) AU663951B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2098272C (de)
DK (1) DK0574326T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2692315B1 (de)
MY (1) MY110459A (de)
NO (1) NO306266B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2103472C1 (de)

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CN1136128A (zh) 1996-11-20
AU4016893A (en) 1993-12-16
MY110459A (en) 1998-05-30
CN1059252C (zh) 2000-12-06
CA2098272C (en) 2006-01-17
NO306266B1 (no) 1999-10-11
CN1136127A (zh) 1996-11-20
FR2692315B1 (fr) 1994-09-02
CN1059253C (zh) 2000-12-06
US5458209A (en) 1995-10-17
FR2692315A1 (fr) 1993-12-17
CN1087965A (zh) 1994-06-15
NO932123D0 (no) 1993-06-10
NO932123L (no) 1993-12-13
DK0574326T3 (da) 1997-12-01
RU2103472C1 (ru) 1998-01-27
CA2098272A1 (en) 1993-12-13
AU663951B2 (en) 1995-10-26
CN1035784C (zh) 1997-09-03
EP0574326B1 (de) 1997-10-22

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